Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 165 in total

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  1. Fulltext The association between the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) symptoms and bully/victim problem among malaysian sixth-graders
    Wan Ismail WS, Nik Jaafar NR, Mohd Daud TI, Shah SA, Ismail A, Shafiee Z
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;11(1):79-86.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: School bullying in Malaysia is on the rise. While efforts are put together to combat the problem, the psychiatric aspect has been neglected. This is a cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between the symptoms of ADHD and bully/victim problems among Malaysian sixthgraders attending primary schools in Kuala Lumpur.
    Methods: A total of 410 sixth-graders from seven randomly selected schools were assessed with regards to bully/victim problems and ADHD symptoms using self-reported questionnaires. Malaysian Bullying Questionnaire was used to rate bully/victim problems while ADHD symptoms were assessed using ConnersWells’ Adolescent Self-report Scale (CASS). Teachers and parents also assessed students’ ADHD symptoms using Conner’s Teachers Rating Scale (CTRS) and Conner’s Parents Rating Scale (CPRS), respectively.
    Results: Self-reported questionnaires showed that 61.2% of the children were involved in bully/victim problems. The ADHD symptoms were found significant in relation to bully/victim problems as tested by multiple logistic regression. Only students and parents reported significant ADHD symptoms among the bully/victim groups. The ADHD symptoms reported by students were significant among bullies(OR=0.59,CI=0.42-0.83, p
  2. Fulltext The Role of Oxidative Stress in Suicidal Behaviour Among Bipolar Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Malaysian Sample
    Loo JL, Mohamad Kamal NA, Goon JA, Ahmad Damanhuri H, Tan JAC, Abdul Murad NA, et al.
    Front Psychiatry, 2021;12:698911.
    PMID: 34916966 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.698911
    Background: Oxidative stress markers are found to be linked with depression and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder (BD), although the role of DNA damage as a marker of suicidal ideation and attempt has yet to be determined. We aim to investigate the association between DNA damage and suicidal behaviour, i.e., suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, among suicidal ideators in BD patients while accounting for clinical and psychosocial risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre on 62 consecutive BD patients diagnosed using the M.I.N.I. Neuropsychiatric Interview and 26 healthy control participants. Socio-demographic and clinical assessments were performed using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) for lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) for depression severity, Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Disorder (CGI-BD) for illness severity [both mania (CGI-Mania) and major depressive episode (CGI-MDE)], Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) for change in life events, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) for behavioural impulsivity. The degree of DNA damage in peripheral blood samples was determined using a standard protocol of comet assay. Results: Multivariable logistic regression revealed higher scores of CGI-MDE as the sole significant factor for lifetime suicidal ideation (OR = 1.937, 95% CI = 1.799-2.076). Although initial bivariate analysis showed a significant association between DNA damage, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and suicidal behaviour, the findings were not seen in multivariable logistic regression. Bivariate subgroup analysis showed that moderate and severe DNA damage (p = 0.032 and p = 0.047, respectively) was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts among lifetime suicidal ideators. The study is the first to look at the connexion between DNA damage and suicidal risk in bipolar patients. It is limited by the small sample size and lack of information on illicit substance use. Conclusions: More severe DNA damage was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts among lifetime suicidal ideators in BD. However, the severity of depression was found to be independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation per se rather than DNA damage in BD. Larger prospective studies are required to ascertain the potential of DNA damage as a biomarker for the transition from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt.
  3. Fulltext The Relationship between the Neighborhood Safety and Nutritional Status of Children in Baghdad City, Iraq
    Ghazi HF, Isa ZM, Shah SA, Abdal Qader MA, Hasan TN, Al-Abed AA
    J Nutr Metab, 2014;2014:686934.
    PMID: 25243083 DOI: 10.1155/2014/686934
    Introduction. The neighborhoods where the children live play an important role in their development physically and mentally. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between neighborhood safety and child nutritional status in Baghdad city, Iraq. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Baghdad city, Iraq, among 400 primary school children from 4 schools. BMI-for-age Z score was used to assess the nutritional status of the children. Newly developed questionnaires on neighborhood safety were distributed to the parents to answer them. Results. In this study, males were more predominant than females with 215 participants compared to 185 females. A total of 49% were normal weight, 38.8% either overweight or obese, and only 12.2% underweight. There was a significant relationship between father education, father and mother working status, family income, and children nutritional status (P = 0.10, 0.009, <0.001, 0.37), respectively. The association between neighborhood safety variables and child nutritional status was significant except for worrying about child safety and thinking of leaving the neighborhood (P = 0.082, 0.084), respectively. Conclusion. Nutritional status of school children continues to be a public health issue in Iraq especially Baghdad city. There was a significant association between neighborhood safety and children nutritional status.
  4. Synthesis, spectral analysis and biological evaluation of Nalkyl/aralkyl/aryl-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide derivatives
    Rehman A, Abbasi MA, Siddiqui SZ, Mohyuddin A, Nadeem S, Shah SA
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Sep;29(5):1489-1496.
    PMID: 27731801
    New potent organic compounds were synthesized with an aim of good biological activities such as antibacterial and anti-enzymatic. Three series of sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized by treating N-alkyl/aryl substituted amines (2a-f) with 4-chlorobenzensulfonyl chloride (1) to yield N-alkyl/aryl-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide(3af) that was then derivatized by gearing up with ethyl iodide (4), benzyl chloride (5) and 4-chlorobenzyl chloride (6) using sodium hydride as base to initialize the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent (DMF) to synthesize the derivatives, 7a-f, 8af and 9a-f respectively. Structure elucidation was brought about by IR, 1H-NMR and EIMS spectra for all the synthesized molecules which were evaluated for their antibacterial activities and inhibitory potentials for certain enzymes.
  5. Fulltext Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking and biological evaluation of Schiff Base derivatives of cefpodoxime
    Mahmood W, Ahmad I, Khan MA, Ali Shah SA, Ashraf M, Shahzad MI, et al.
    Heliyon, 2022 Nov;8(11):e11332.
    PMID: 36387450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11332
    Synthesis of new Cefpodoxime derivatives via Schiff Bases mechanism and the efficiency of their antimicrobial and antiviral activities were addressed. They were analyzed for structural validation by using spectroscopic techniques using FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. Molecular docking against IBV Virus papain-like protease (PLPro) was done with Auto dock tools against compounds having excellent IC50 values against IBV (Corona Class) virus. All derivatives showed strong zone of inhibition ranges from (55 ± 2.0 to 70 ± 0.8 mm) against E. coli. Compounds 1,2,4 and 6 derivatives showed remarkable activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Serratia marcescens. But For most the newly synthesized derivatives C 1 (64 ± 1.60), C 3 (32 ± 0.80), and C 8 (64 ± 1.60) showed potential IC50 values against two variants of Corona class viruses i.e. Avian Influenza (H9) and Avian corona (IBV) viruses. The current study revealed that newly synthesized Schiff Bases possessed strong anti-viral potential. Further studies may make a breakthrough in medical sciences to tackle latest challenges such as Corona Virus Diseases.
  6. Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, hemolytic and thrombolytic activity evaluation of 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((N-(substituted)-2-acetamoyl)sulfanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives
    Aziz-Ur-Rehman -, Khan SG, Bokhari TH, Anjum F, Akhter N, Rasool S, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Mar;33(2(Supplementary)):871-876.
    PMID: 32863264
    A novel series of 5-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-((N-(substituted)-2-acetamoyl)sulfanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives was efficiently synthesized and screened for antibacterial, hemolytic and thrombolytic activities. The molecule 7c remained the best inhibitor of all selected bacterial strains and furthermore possessed very low toxicity, 8.52±0.31. Compound 7a 7b and 7f showed very good thrombolytic activity relative to Streptokinase employed as reference drug. In addition to low toxicity and moderately good thrombolytic activity, the synthesized compounds possessed excellent to moderate antibacterial activity, relative to ciprofloxacin. All compounds especially 7b and 7f can be consider for further clinical studies and might be helpful in synthesis of new drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
  7. Synthesis of some new N-(alkyl/aralkyl)-N-(4-methoxyphenethyl) benzene sulfonamides as antibacterial agents against Escherichia
    Abbasi MA, Fatima Z, Rehman AU, Siddiqui SZ, Ali Shah SA, Shahid M, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2019 Sep;32(5):1957-1964.
    PMID: 31813858
    The present study comprises the synthesis of a new series of benzenesulfonamides derived from N-sulfonation of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-ethanamine (1). The synthesis was initiated by the reaction of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-ethanamine (1) with benzenesulfonyl chloride (2), to yield N-(4-methoxyphenethyl)benzenesulfonamide (3). This parent molecule 3 was subsequently treated with various alkyl/aralkyl halides (4a-j) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and in the presence of a weak base lithium hydride (LiH) to obtain various N-(alkyl/aralkyl)-N-(4-methoxyphenethyl) benzenesulfonamides (5a-j). The characterization of these derivatives was carried out by spectroscopic techniques like IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Elemental analysis also supported this data. The biofilm inhibitory action of all the synthesized compounds was carried out on Escherichia coli and some of the compounds were identified to be very suitable inhibitors of this bacterial strain. Furthermore, the molecules were also tested for their cytotoxicity behavior to assess their utility as less cytotoxic therapeutic agents.
  8. Synthesis of some N-sulfonated derivatives of 1-[(E)-3-phenyl-2-propenyl]piperazine as suitable antibacterial agents
    Abbasi MA, Ijaz M, Aziz-Ur-Rehman -, Siddiqui SZ, Ali Shah SA, Shahid M, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Jul;33(4):1609-1616.
    PMID: 33583794
    In the planned research work, the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-[(E)-3-phenyl-2-propenyl]piperazine (1) was carried out with different sulfonyl chlorides (2a-g) at pH 9-10 to synthesize its different N-sulfonated derivatives (3a-g). The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by their proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and Infra Red (IR) spectral data, along with CHN analysis. The inhibition potential of the synthesized molecules was ascertained against two bacterial pathogenic strains i.e. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. It was inferred from the results that some of the compounds were very suitable inhibitors of these bacterial strains. Moreover, their cytotoxicity was also profiled and it was outcome that most of these molecules possessed moderate cytotoxicity.
  9. Synthesis of novel derivatives of oxindole, their urease inhibition and molecular docking studies
    Taha M, Ismail NH, Khan A, Shah SA, Anwar A, Halim SA, et al.
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2015 Aug 15;25(16):3285-9.
    PMID: 26077497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.069
    We synthesized a series of novel 5-24 derivatives of oxindole. The synthesis started from 5-chlorooxindole, which was condensed with methyl 4-carboxybezoate and result in the formation of benzolyester derivatives of oxindole which was then treated with hydrazine hydrate. The oxindole benzoylhydrazide was treated with aryl acetophenones and aldehydes to get target compounds 5-24. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for urease inhibition; the compound 5 (IC50 = 13.00 ± 0.35 μM) and 11 (IC50 = 19.20 ± 0.50 μM) showed potent activity as compared to the standard drug thiourea (IC50 = 21.00 ± 0.01 μM). Other compounds showed moderate to weak activity. All synthetic compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques including (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, IR and EI MS. The molecular interactions of the active compounds within the binding site of urease enzyme were studied through molecular docking simulations.
  10. Synthesis of new S-substituted derivatives of 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylhydrosulfide as suitable antibacterial and anticancer agents with moderate cytotoxicity
    Nazir M, Abbasi MA, Aziz-Ur-Rehman -, Siddiqui SZ, Ali Shah SA, Shahid M, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2019 Nov;32(6):2585-2597.
    PMID: 31969290
    In the study presented here, the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylhydrosulfide was carried out with different alkyl/aralkyl halides (5a-r) to form its different S-substituted derivatives (6a-r), as depicted in scheme 1. The structural confirmation of all the synthesized compounds was done by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and CHN analysis data. Bacterial biofilm inhibitory activity of all the synthesized compounds was carried out against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The anticancer activity of these molecules was ascertained using anti-proliferation (SRB) assay on HCT 116 Colon Cancer Cell lines while the cytotoxicity of these molecules was profiled for their haemolytic potential. From this investigation it was rational that most of the compounds exhibited suitable antibacterial and anticancer potential along with a temperate cytotoxicity.
  11. Synthesis of 2-Furyl[(4-aralkyl)-1-piperazinyl]methanone derivatives as suitable antibacterial agents with mild cytotoxicity
    Abbasi MA, Nazeer MM, Rehman A, Siddiqui SZ, Hussain G, Shah SA, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2018 Nov;31(6):2477-2485.
    PMID: 30473521
    The aim of the present research work was synthesis of some 2-furyl[(4-aralkyl)-1-piperazinyl]methanone derivatives and to ascertain their antibacterial potential. The cytotoxicity of these molecules was also checked to find out their utility as possible therapeutic agents. The synthesis was initiated by reacting furyl(-1-piperazinyl)methanone (1) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and lithium hydride with different aralkyl halides (2a-j) to afford 2-furyl[(4-aralkyl)-1-piperazinyl]methanone derivatives (3a-j). The structural confirmation of all the synthesized compounds was done by IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral techniques and through elemental analysis. The results of in vitro antibacterial activity of all the synthesized compounds were screened against Gram-negative (S. typhi, E. coli, P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (B. subtilis, S. aureus) bacteria and were found to be decent inhibitors. Amongst the synthesized molecules, 3e showed lowest minimum inhibitory concentration MIC = 7.52±0.μg/mL against S. Typhi, credibly due to the presence of 2-bromobenzyl group, relative to the reference standard, ciprofloxacin, having MIC = 7.45±0.58μg/mL.
  12. Fulltext Synthesis of 1-(4-Bromobenzoyl)-1,3-dicyclohexylurea and Its Arylation via Readily Available Palladium Catalyst-Their Electronic, Spectroscopic, and Nonlinear Optical Studies via a Computational Approach
    Maqbool T, Younas H, Bilal M, Rasool N, Bajaber MA, Mubarik A, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2023 Aug 22;8(33):30306-30314.
    PMID: 37636953 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03183
    In this study, we reported the synthesis of 1-(4-bromobenzoyl)-1,3-dicyclohexylurea by the reaction of DCC (N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) with 4-bromobenzoic acid. Subsequently, we further synthesized a new series of 1-(4-arylbenzoyl)-1,3-dicyclohexylurea (5a-g) derivatives using a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between 1-(4-bromobenzoyl)-1,3-dicyclohexylurea (3) and various aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids (4). Thus, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to examine the electronic structure of the synthesized compounds (3, 5a-g) and to calculate their spectroscopic data. Moreover, optimized geometries and thermodynamic properties, such as frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO, LUMO), molecular electrostatic potential surfaces, and reactivity descriptors, were also calculated at the PBE0-D3BJ/def2-TZVP/SMD1,4-dioxane level of theory to validate the structures of the synthesized compounds.
  13. Fulltext Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Coated Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Antibacterial and In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility
    Khan MUA, Abd Razak SI, Mehboob H, Abdul Kadir MR, Anand TJS, Inam F, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2021 Feb 16;6(6):4335-4346.
    PMID: 33623844 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05596
    In bone tissue engineering, multifunctional composite materials are very challenging. Bone tissue engineering is an innovative technique to develop biocompatible scaffolds with suitable orthopedic applications with enhanced antibacterial and mechanical properties. This research introduces a polymeric nanocomposite scaffold based on arabinoxylan-co-acrylic acid, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), nano-aluminum oxide (nAl2O3), and graphene oxide (GO) by free-radical polymerization for the development of porous scaffolds using the freeze-drying technique. These polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds were coated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles to improve antibacterial activities. Together, nHAp, nAl2O3, and GO enhance the multifunctional properties of materials, which regulate their physicochemical and biomechanical properties. Results revealed that the Ag-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds had excellent antibacterial properties and better microstructural properties. Regulated morphological properties and maximal antibacterial inhibition zones were found in the porous scaffolds with the increasing amount of GO. Moreover, the nanosystem and the polymeric matrix have improved the compressive strength (18.89 MPa) and Young's modulus (198.61 MPa) of scaffolds upon increasing the amount of GO. The biological activities of the scaffolds were investigated against the mouse preosteoblast cell lines (MC3T3-E1) and increasing the quantities of GO helps cell adherence and proliferation. Therefore, our findings showed that these silver-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds have the potential for engineering bone tissue.
  14. Fulltext Structure and absolute configuration of 20β-Hydroxyprednisolone, a biotransformed product of predinisolone by the marine endophytic fungus Penicilium lapidosum
    Sultan S, Noor MZ, Anouar el H, Shah SA, Salim F, Rahim R, et al.
    Molecules, 2014 Sep 03;19(9):13775-87.
    PMID: 25255760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913775
    The anti-inflammatory drug predinisolone (1) was reduced to 20β-hydroxyprednisolone (2) by the marine endophytic fungus Penicilium lapidosum isolated from an alga. The structural elucidation of 2 was achieved by 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, IR data. Although, 2 is a known compound previously obtained through microbial transformation, the data provided failed to prove the C20 stereochemistry. To solve this issue, DFT and TD-DFT calculations have been carried out at the B3LYP/6-31+G (d,p) level of theory in gas and solvent phase. The absolute configuration of C20 was eventually assigned by combining experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra and 3JHH chemical coupling constants.
  15. Stratifying patients with haematuria into high or low risk groups for bladder cancer: a novel clinical scoring system
    Hee TG, Shah SA, Ann HS, Hemdan SN, Shen LC, Al-Fahmi Abdul Galib N, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(11):6327-30.
    PMID: 24377526
    Haematuria is a common presentation of bladder cancer and requires a full urologic evaluation. This study aimed to develop a scoring system capable of stratifying patients with haematuria into high or low risk groups for having bladder cancer to help clinicians decide which patients need more urgent assessment. This cross- sectional study included all adult patients referred for haematuria and subsequently undergoing full urological evaluation in the years 2001 to 2011. Risk factors with strong association with bladder cancer in the study population were used to design the scoring system. Accuracy was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 325 patients with haematuria were included, out of which 70 (21.5%) were diagnosed to have bladder cancer. Significant risk factors associated with bladder cancer were male gender, a history of cigarette smoking and the presence of gross haematuria. A scoring system using 4 clinical parameters as variables was created. The scores ranged between 6 to 14, and a score of 10 and above indicated high risk for having bladder cancer. It was found to have good accuracy with an area under the ROC curve of 80.4%, while the sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% and 55.7%, respectively. The scoring system designed in this study has the potential to help clinicians stratify patients who present with haematuria into high or low risk for having bladder cancer. This will enable high-risk patients to undergo urologic assessment earlier.
  16. Spatial analysis of colorectal cancer cases in Kuala Lumpur
    Shah SA, Neoh HM, Rahim SS, Azhar ZI, Hassan MR, Safian N, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(3):1149-54.
    PMID: 24606433
    BACKGROUND: In Malaysia, data from the Malaysian Health Ministry showed colorectal cancer (CRC) to be the second most common type of cancer in 2007-2009, after breast cancer. The same was apparent after looking at males and females cases separately. In the present study, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to describe the distribution of CRC cases in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia, according to socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity and district).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective review concerned data for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the years 1995 to 2011 collected from the Wilayah Persekutuan Health Office, taken from the cancer notification form (NCR-2), and patient medical records from the Surgical Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A total of 146 cases were analyzed. All the data collected were analysed using ArcGIS version 10.0 and SPSS version 19.0.

    RESULTS: Patients aged 60 to 69 years accounted for the highest proportion of cases (34.2%) and males slightly predominated 76 (52.1%), Chinese had the highest number of registered cases at 108 (74.0%) and staging revealed most cases in the 3rd and 4th stages. Kernel density analysis showed more cases are concentrated up in the northern area of Petaling and Kuala Lumpur subdistricts. Spatial global pattern analysis by average nearest neighbour resulted in nearest neighbour ratio of 0.75, with Z-score of -5.59, p value of <0.01 and the z-score of -5.59. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) showed clustering significant with p<0.01, Z score 3.14 and Moran's Index of 0.007. When mapping clusters with hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi), hot and cold spots were identified. Hot spot areas fell on the northeast side of KL.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated significant spatial patterns of cancer incidence in KL. Knowledge about these spatial patterns can provide useful information to policymakers in the planning of screening of CRC in the targeted population and improvement of healthcare facilities to provide better treatment for CRC patients.

  17. Fulltext Solubility enhancement of simvastatin by arginine: thermodynamics, solute-solvent interactions, and spectral analysis
    Meor Mohd Affandi MM, Tripathy M, Shah SA, Majeed AB
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2016;10:959-69.
    PMID: 27041998 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S94701
    We examined the solubility of simvastatin in water in 0.01 mol·dm(-3), 0.02 mol·dm(-3), 0.04 mol·dm(-3), 0.09 mol·dm(-3), 0.18 mol·dm(-3), 0.36 mol·dm(-3), and 0.73 mol·dm(-3) arginine (ARG) solutions. The investigated drug is termed the solute, whereas ARG the cosolute. Phase solubility studies illustrated a higher extent of solubility enhancement for simvastatin. The aforementioned system was subjected to conductometric and volumetric measurements at temperatures (T) of 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K to illustrate the thermodynamics involved and related solute-solvent interactions. The conductance values were used to evaluate the limiting molar conductance and association constants. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG (0), ΔH (0), ΔS (0), and E s) for the association process of the solute in the aqueous solutions of ARG were calculated. Limiting partial molar volumes and expansibilities were evaluated from the density values. These values are discussed in terms of the solute-solvent and solute-cosolute interactions. Further, these systems were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and (13)C, (1)H, and two-dimensional nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance to complement thermophysical explanation.
  18. Sodium pentosan polysulfate efficacy as thromboprophylaxis agent in high-risk women following gynecological surgery
    Indirayani I, Kalok A, Nik Ismail NA, Shah SA, Lim PS, Mohamed Ismail NA, et al.
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2018 Aug;44(8):1458-1465.
    PMID: 29845672 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13686
    AIM: Sodium pentosan polysulfate (Na-PPS) is a plant-based agent that has similar action with low-molecular-weight heparin. It inhibits factor Xa, preventing blood clot formation. To date, its use in clinical practice as thromboprophylaxis agent is still limited. In addition, the efficacy and safety profile of this agent was not robustly reported globally, especially for countries with major Muslim population. We hypothesized that Na-PPS was equally effective as the standard thromboprophylaxis. We aim to compare the efficacy and safety of Na-PPS against standard agent (fondaparinux or enoxaparin).

    METHODS: This was a randomized control, open-label trial. Women underwent major gynecological surgery were randomized to receive either subcutaneous 50 mg of Na-PPS twice daily or subcutaneous enoxaparin 40 mg once daily. Fondaparinux 2.5 mg once daily was given to Muslim women as an alternative to enoxaparin. The treatment was started 6 h postoperatively, for at least 3 days. All the patients received thromboembolic deterrent stockings. The primary efficacy outcome was venous thromboembolism up to 3 days postsurgery. The main safety outcomes were minor and major bleeding.

    RESULTS: Among 109 participants, there was no incidence of venous thromboembolism. None of the women developed major bleeding. Minor bleeding was observed in 28.3% (15/53) and 5.4% (3/56) of Na-PPS and standard thromboprophylaxis group, respectively (P = 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: Na-PPS was associated with increased risk of minor bleeding. There was insufficient data to conclude its efficacy as thromboprophylaxis. Further research is needed to evaluate Na-PPS safety as a standard thromboprophylactic agent.

  19. Smart and pH-sensitive rGO/Arabinoxylan/chitosan composite for wound dressing: In-vitro drug delivery, antibacterial activity, and biological activities
    Khan MUA, Haider S, Raza MA, Shah SA, Razak SIA, Kadir MRA, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Dec 01;192:820-831.
    PMID: 34648803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.033
    Carbohydrate polymers are biological macromolecules that have sparked a lot of interest in wound healing due to their outstanding antibacterial properties and sustained drug release. Arabinoxylan (ARX), Chitosan (CS), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets were combined and crosslinked using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a crosslinker to fabricate composite hydrogels and assess their potential in wound dressing for skin wound healing. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and biological assays were used to evaluate the composite hydrogels. FTIR validated the effective fabrication of the composite hydrogels. The rough morphologies of the composite hydrogels were revealed by SEM and AFM (as evident from the Ra values). ATC-4 was discovered to have the roughest surface. TEM revealed strong homogeneous anchoring of the rGO to the polymer matrix. However, with higher amount of rGO agglomeration was detected. The % swelling at various pHs (1-13) revealed that the hydrogels were pH-sensitive. The controlled release profile for the antibacterial drug (Silver sulfadiazine) evaluated at various pH values (4.5, 6.8, and 7.4) in PBS solution and 37 °C using the Franz diffusion method revealed maximal drug release at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. The antibacterial efficacy of the composite hydrogels against pathogens that cause serious skin diseases varied. The MC3T3-E1 cell adhered, proliferated, and differentiated well on the composite hydrogels. MC3T3-E1 cell also illustrated excellent viability (91%) and proper cylindrical morphologies on the composite hydrogels. Hence, the composite hydrogels based on ARX, CS, and rGO are promising biomaterials for treating and caring for skin wounds.
  20. Sexual dysfunction and its determinants in Malaysian women with rheumatoid arthritis
    Shahar MA, Hussein H, Sidi H, Shah SA, Mohamed Said MS
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2012 Oct;15(5):468-77.
    PMID: 23083037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2012.01753.x
    AIM: To determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (FSD) among women with rheumatoid arthritis attending the Rheumatology Clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) and Hospital Putrajaya, Malaysia, and to determine its associations with potential clinical and disease activity factors.
    METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study involving women with rheumatoid arthritis between the ages of 20 and 60 years. A validated Malay Version Female Sexual Function Index (MVFSFI) was administered to diagnose FSD. Sociodemographic and disease activity profiles were obtained and those who had and did not have FSD were compared.
    RESULTS: Among 63 respondents, 51 patients were included in the analysis for FSD. The prevalence of FSD in women with rheumatoid arthritis attending UKMMC and Hospital Putrajaya Rheumatology Clinic was 29.4%. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28-ESR) correlates with MVFSFI score with r=-0.364 (P=0.009) and r=-0.268 (P=0.057), respectively. Sociodemographic factors that correlate with MVFSFI score were: patient's age (r=0.520, P<0.001); duration of marriage (r=-0.355, P=0.001); husband's age (r=-0.460, P=0.001); age of oldest child (r=-0.449, P=0.001); and age of youngest child (r=-0.627, P<0.001).
    CONCLUSION: We found in this study that the prevalence of FSD in rheumatoid arthritis in our centers was 29.4%. Age and family dynamics appear to be more important predictors compared to disease activity.
    Study site: Rheumatology Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) and Hospital Putrajaya, Malaysia
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