Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 83 in total

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  1. Increasing complexity and interactions of oxidative stress in chronic respiratory diseases: An emerging need for novel drug delivery systems
    Dua K, Malyla V, Singhvi G, Wadhwa R, Krishna RV, Shukla SD, et al.
    Chem Biol Interact, 2019 Feb 01;299:168-178.
    PMID: 30553721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.009
    Oxidative stress is intensely involved in enhancing the severity of various chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infections and lung cancer. Even though there are various existing anti-inflammatory therapies, which are not enough to control the inflammation caused due to various contributing factors such as anti-inflammatory genes and antioxidant enzymes. This leads to an urgent need of novel drug delivery systems to combat the oxidative stress. This review gives a brief insight into the biological factors involved in causing oxidative stress, one of the emerging hallmark feature in CRDs and particularly, highlighting recent trends in various novel drug delivery carriers including microparticles, microemulsions, microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, solid lipid nanocarriers etc which can help in combating the oxidative stress in CRDs and ultimately reducing the disease burden and improving the quality of life with CRDs patients. These carriers improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability to the target site. However, there is an urgent need for translational studies to validate the drug delivery carriers for clinical administration in the pulmonary clinic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  2. Fulltext Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Potentials of Cassia timoriensis DC. Flowers
    Alhawarri MB, Dianita R, Razak KNA, Mohamad S, Nogawa T, Wahab HA
    Molecules, 2021 Apr 29;26(9).
    PMID: 33946788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092594
    Despite being widely used traditionally as a general tonic, especially in South East Asia, scientific research on Cassia timoriensis, remains scarce. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the in vitro activities for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potential, radical scavenging ability, and the anti-inflammatory properties of different extracts of C. timoriensis flowers using Ellman's assay, a DPPH assay, and an albumin denaturation assay, respectively. With the exception of the acetylcholinesterase activity, to the best of our knowledge, these activities were reported for the first time for C. timoriensis flowers. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the existence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids in the C. timoriensis flower extracts. The ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents (527.43 ± 5.83 mg GAE/g DW and 851.83 ± 10.08 mg QE/g DW, respectively) as compared to the other extracts. In addition, the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant (IC50 20.12 ± 0.12 and 34.48 ± 0.07 µg/mL, respectively), anti-inflammatory (92.50 ± 1.38 and 92.22 ± 1.09, respectively), and anti-AChE (IC50 6.91 ± 0.38 and 6.40 ± 0.27 µg/mL, respectively) activities. These results suggest that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts may contain bioactive compounds that can control neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, through high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-AChE activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  3. A Review on Biological Properties and Synthetic Methodologies of Diarylpentadienones
    Abdullah MA, Mohd Faudzi SM, Nasir NM
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2021;21(9):1058-1070.
    PMID: 33272171 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201203213957
    Medicinal chemists have continuously shown interest in new curcuminoid derivatives, diarylpentadienones, owing to their enhanced stability feature and easy preparation using a one-pot synthesis. Thus far, methods such as Claisen-Schmidt condensation and Julia- Kocienski olefination have been utilised for the synthesis of these compounds. Diarylpentadienones possess a high potential as a chemical source for designing and developing new and effective drugs for the treatment of diseases, including inflammation, cancer, and malaria. In brief, this review article focuses on the broad pharmacological applications and the summary of the structure-activity relationship of molecules, which can be employed to further explore the structure of diarylpentadienone. The current methodological developments towards the synthesis of diarylpentadienones are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  4. Docking Studies of Curcumin and Analogues with Various Phosphodiesterase 4 Subtypes
    Yi YX, Gaurav A, Akowuah GA
    Curr Drug Discov Technol, 2020;17(2):248-260.
    PMID: 30332967 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666181017091655
    INTRODUCTION: The primary aim of this study is to understand the binding of curcumin and its analogues to different PDE4 subtypes and identify the role of PDE4 subtype inhibition in the anti-inflammatory property of curcumin. Docking analysis has been used to acquire the above mentioned structural information and this has been further used for designing of curcumin derivatives with better anti-inflammatory activity.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Curcumin and its analogues were subjected to docking using PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C and PDE4D as the targets. A data set comprising 18 analogues of curcumin, was used as ligands for docking of PDE4 subtypes. Curcumin was used as the standard for comparison. Docking was performed using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 software integrated in LigandScout 4.1. During this process water molecules were removed from proteins, charges were added and receptor structures were minimised by applying suitable force fields. The docking scores were compared, and the selectivity of compounds for PDE4B over PDE4D was calculated as well.

    RESULTS: All curcumin analogues used in the study showed good binding affinity with all PDE4 subtypes, with evident selectivity towards PDE4B subtype. Analogue A11 provides the highest binding affinity among all ligands.

    CONCLUSION: Curcumin and analogues have moderate to strong affinity towards all PDE4 subtypes and have evident selectivity towards PDE4B. The Oxygen atom of the methoxy group plays a key role in PDE4B binding and any alterations could interfere with the binding. Tetrahydropyran side chain and heterocyclic rings are also suggested to be helpful in PDE4B binding.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  5. Hybrid molecules based on 1,3,5-triazine as potential therapeutics: A focused review
    Prasher P, Sharma M, Aljabali AAA, Gupta G, Negi P, Kapoor DN, et al.
    Drug Dev Res, 2020 11;81(7):837-858.
    PMID: 32579723 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21704
    Majority of the representative drugs customarily interact with multiple targets manifesting unintended side effects. In addition, drug resistance and over expression of the cellular efflux-pumps render certain classes of drugs ineffective. With only a few innovative formulations in development, it is necessary to identify pharmacophores and novel strategies for creating new drugs. The conjugation of dissimilar pharmacophoric moieties to design hybrid molecules with an attractive therapeutic profile is an emerging paradigm in the contemporary drug development regime. The recent decade witnessed the remarkable biological potential of 1,3,5-triazine framework in the development of various chemotherapeutics. The appending of the 1,3,5-triazine nucleus to biologically relevant moieties has delivered exciting results. The present review focuses on 1,3,5-triazine based hybrid molecules in the development of pharmaceuticals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  6. Fulltext In vitro evaluation of the synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the combined extracts from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum and Egyptian Chlorella vulgaris
    Abu-Serie MM, Habashy NH, Attia WE
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2018 May 10;18(1):154.
    PMID: 29747629 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2218-5
    BACKGROUND: Since oxidative stress and inflammation are two linked factors in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Thus identification of effective treatment is of great importance. Edible mushroom and microalgae are rich in the effective antioxidant phytochemicals. Hence, their beneficial effects on oxidative stress-associated inflammation are extremely required to be investigated.

    METHODS: This study evaluated the functional constituents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract (GLE) and Egyptian Chlorella vulgaris ethanolic extract (CVE). Also, the synergistic, addictive or antagonistic activities of the combination between the two extracts (GLE-CVE) were studied. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor-kappa B, as well as levels of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes were determined using in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated white blood cells.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  7. Palm Olein Emulsion: a Novel Vehicle for Topical Drug Delivery of Betamethasone 17-Valerate
    Ahmad K, Win T, Jaffri JM, Edueng K, Taher M
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2018 Jan;19(1):371-383.
    PMID: 28744617 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0843-9
    This study aims to investigate the use of palm olein as the oil phase for betamethasone 17-valerate (BV) emulsions. The physicochemical properties of the formulations were characterized. In vitro drug release study was performed with the Hanson Vertical Diffusion Cell System; the samples were quantified with HPLC and the results were compared with commercial products. Optimized emulsion formulations were subjected to stability studies for 3 months at temperatures of 4, 25, and 40°C; the betamethasone 17-valerate content was analyzed using HPLC. The formulations produced mean particle size of 2-4 μm, viscosities of 50-250 mPa.s, and zeta potential between -45 and -68 mV. The rheological analyses showed that the emulsions exhibited pseudoplastic and viscoelastic behavior. The in vitro release of BV from palm olein emulsion through cellulose acetate was 4.5 times higher than that of commercial products and more BV molecules deposited in rat skin. Less than 4% of the drug was degraded in the formulations during the 3-month period when they were subjected to the three different temperatures. These findings indicate that palm olein-in-water emulsion can be an alternative vehicle for topical drug delivery system with superior permeability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*
  8. Fulltext Tualang Honey: A Decade of Neurological Research
    Azman KF, Aziz CBA, Zakaria R, Ahmad AH, Shafin N, Ismail CAN
    Molecules, 2021 Sep 06;26(17).
    PMID: 34500857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175424
    Tualang honey has been shown to protect against neurodegeneration, leading to improved memory/learning as well as mood. In addition, studies have also demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, a substantial part of this research lacks systematization, and there seems to be a tendency to start anew with every study. This review presents a decade of research on Tualang honey with a particular interest in the underlying mechanisms related to its effects on the central nervous system. A total of 28 original articles published between 2011 and 2020 addressing the central nervous system (CNS) effects of Tualang honey were analysed. We identified five main categories, namely nootropic, antinociceptive, stress-relieving, antidepressant, and anxiolytic effects of Tualang honey, and proposed the underlying mechanisms. The findings from this review may potentially be beneficial towards developing new therapeutic roles for Tualang honey and help in determining how best to benefit from this brain supplement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*
  9. Nanoencapsulation of betamethasone valerate using high pressure homogenization-solvent evaporation technique: optimization of formulation and process parameters for efficient dermal targeting
    Md S, Kuldeep Singh JKA, Waqas M, Pandey M, Choudhury H, Habib H, et al.
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2019 Feb;45(2):323-332.
    PMID: 30404554 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1542704
    Betamethsone valerate (BMV), a medium potency topical corticosteroid, is one of the most commonly employed pharmacological agents for the management of atopic dermatitis in both adults and children. Despite having remarkable pharmacological efficacy, these agents have limited clinical implication due to poor penetration across the startum cornum (SC). To mitigate issues related to targeted delivery, stability, and solubility as well as to potentiate therapeutic and clinical implication, the nanodelivery systems have gained remarkable recognition. Therefore, this study was aimed to encapsulate BMV into the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) for optimum dermal targeting and improved penetration across the SC. The prepared NPs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, crystallinity, thermal behavior, morphology, in vitro release kinetics, drug permeation across the SC, and percentage of drug retained into various skin layers. Results showed that optimized BMV-CS-NPs exhibited optimum physicochemical characteristics including small particle size (< 250 ± 28 nm), higher zeta potential (+58 ± 8 mV), and high entrapment efficiency (86 ± 5.6%) and loading capacity (34 ± 7.2%). The in vitro release study revealed that BMV-CS-NPs displayed Fickian-diffusion type mechanism of release in simulated skin surface (pH 5.5). Drug permeation efficiency and the amount of BMV retained into the epidermis and the dermis were comparatively higher in case of BMV-CS-NPs compared to BMV solution. Conclusively, we anticipated that BMV-CS-NPs could be a promising nanodelivery system for efficient dermal targeting of BMV and improved anti-AD efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  10. Fulltext In Silico and In Vitro Study of the Bromelain-Phytochemical Complex Inhibition of Phospholipase A2 (Pla2)
    Mohamed Tap F, Abd Majid FA, Ismail HF, Wong TS, Shameli K, Miyake M, et al.
    Molecules, 2018 Jan 19;23(1).
    PMID: 29351216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010073
    Phospholipase A2 (Pla2) is an enzyme that induces inflammation, making Pla2 activity an effective approach to reduce inflammation. Therefore, investigating natural compounds for this Pla2 inhibitory activity has important therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential in bromelain-phytochemical complex inhibitors via a combination of in silico and in vitro methods. Bromelain-amenthoflavone displays antagonistic effects on Pla2. Bromelian-asiaticoside and bromelain-diosgenin displayed synergistic effects at high concentrations of the combined compounds, with inhibition percentages of more than 70% and 90%, respectively, and antagonistic effects at low concentrations. The synergistic effect of the bromelain-asiaticoside and bromelain-diosgenin combinations represents a new application in treating inflammation. These findings not only provide significant quantitative data, but also provide an insight on valuable implications for the combined use of bromelain with asiaticoside and diosgenin in treating inflammation, and may help researchers develop more natural bioactive compounds in daily foods as anti-inflammatory agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  11. Structure-based design of selective phosphodiesterase 4B inhibitors based on ginger phenolic compounds
    Xing M, Akowuah GA, Gautam V, Gaurav A
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2017 Oct;35(13):2910-2924.
    PMID: 27608741 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1234417
    Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been established as a drug target for inflammatory diseases of respiratory tract like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The selective inhibitors of PDE4B, a subtype of PDE4, are devoid of adverse effects like nausea and vomiting commonly associated with non-selective PDE4B inhibitors. This makes the development of PDE4B subtype selective inhibitors a desirable research goal. Thus, in the present study, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations and binding free energy were performed to explore potential selective PDE4B inhibitors based on ginger phenolic compounds. The results of docking studies indicate that some of the ginger phenolic compounds demonstrate higher selective PDE4B inhibition than existing selective PDE4B inhibitors. Additionally, 6-gingerol showed the highest PDE4B inhibitory activity as well as selectivity. The comparison of binding mode of PDE4B/6-gingerol and PDE4D/6-gingerol complexes revealed that 6-gingerol formed additional hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with active site and control region 3 (CR3) residues in PDE4B, which were primarily responsible for its PDE4B selectivity. The results of binding free energy demonstrated that electrostatic energy is the primary factor in elucidating the mechanism of PDE4B inhibition by 6-gingerol. Dynamic cross-correlation studies also supported the results of docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Finally, a small library of molecules were designed based on the identified structural features, majority of designed molecules showed higher PDE4B selectivity than 6-gingerol. These results provide important structural features for designing new selective PDE4B inhibitors as anti-inflammatory drugs and promising candidates for synthesis and pre-clinical pharmacological investigations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  12. Fulltext Cassia spectabilis (DC) Irwin et Barn: a promising traditional herb in health improvement
    Jothy SL, Torey A, Darah I, Choong YS, Saravanan D, Chen Y, et al.
    Molecules, 2012 Aug 29;17(9):10292-305.
    PMID: 22932211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910292
    The genus Cassia, comprising about 600 species widely distributed worldwide is well known for its diverse biological and pharmacological properties. Cassia spectabilis (sin Senna spectabilis) (DC) Irwin et Barn (Fabaceae) is widely grown as an ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical areas. C. spectabilis has been commonly used in traditional medicine for many years. Information in the biomedical literature has indicated the presence of a variety of medicinally-important chemical constituents in C. spectabilis. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that C. spectabilis possesses significant biological activity, such as antibacterial, antibiofilm, antifungal and antioxidant properties. Beside this, toxicity studies of this plant have revealed no toxic effect on mice. In view of the immense medicinal importance of C. spectabilis, this review aimed at compiling all currently available information on C. spectabilis’s botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and mechanism of actions, toxicology and its ethnomedicinal uses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  13. Fulltext Lawsone Unleashed: A Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Therapeutic Potentials
    Nair AS, Sekar M, Gan SH, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V, Wu YS, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2024;18:3295-3313.
    PMID: 39081702 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S463545
    Lawsone, a naturally occurring organic compound also called hennotannic acid, obtained mainly from Lawsonia inermis (Henna). It is a potential drug-like molecule with unique chemical and biological characteristics. Traditionally, henna is used in hair and skin coloring and is also a medicinal herb for various diseases. It is also widely used as a starting material for the synthesis of various drug molecules. In this review, we investigate on the chemistry, biosynthesis, physical and biological properties of lawsone. The results showed that lawsone has potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor properties. It also induces cell cycle inhibition and programmed cell death in cancer, making it a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Additionally, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production makes it an essential treatment for inflammatory diseases. Exploration of its biosynthetic pathway can pave the way for its development into targets for new drug development. In future, well-thought-out clinical studies should be made to verify its safety and efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  14. Fulltext Downregulation of immunological mediators in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by hydrocortisone-loaded chitosan nanoparticles
    Hussain Z, Katas H, Mohd Amin MC, Kumolosasi E, Sahudin S
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:5143-56.
    PMID: 25395851 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S71543
    Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, noncontiguous, and exudative disorder accompanied by perivascular infiltration of immune mediators, including T-helper (Type 1 helper/Type 2 helper) cells, mast cells, and immunoglobulin E. The current study explores the immunomodulatory and histological effects of nanoparticle (NP)-based transcutaneous delivery of hydrocortisone (HC).
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  15. Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1, 3-Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one Based Pyrazolines as Anti-inflammatory Agents
    Bukhari SN, Zhang X, Jantan I, Zhu HL, Amjad MW, Masand VH
    Chem Biol Drug Des, 2015 Jun;85(6):729-42.
    PMID: 25328063 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12457
    A novel series of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one (chalcone) derivatives was synthesized by a simple, eco-friendly, and efficient Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction and used as precursors for the synthesis of new pyrazoline derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory related activities such as inhibition of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), IL-6, and TNF-α. The results of the above studies show that the compounds synthesized are effective inhibitors of above pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines. Overall, the results of the studies reveal that the pyrazolines with chlorophenyl substitution (1b-6b) seem to be important for inhibition of enzymes and cytokines. Molecular docking experiments were performed to clarify the molecular aspects of the observed COX-inhibitory activities of the investigated compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*
  16. Fulltext Anti-inflammatory effect of the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden, the Tiger Milk mushroom
    Lee SS, Tan NH, Fung SY, Sim SM, Tan CS, Ng ST
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:359.
    PMID: 25256382 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-359
    The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (Tiger Milk mushroom) is used as a traditional medicine to relieve cough, asthma and chronic hepatitis. The traditional uses of the sclerotium are presumably related to its anti-inflammatory effect. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the sclerotial powder of L. rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (Tiger Milk mushroom) cultivar TM02.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  17. Fulltext Synthesis and sar study of diarylpentanoid analogues as new anti-inflammatory agents
    Leong SW, Faudzi SM, Abas F, Aluwi MF, Rullah K, Wai LK, et al.
    Molecules, 2014 Oct 09;19(10):16058-81.
    PMID: 25302700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016058
    A series of ninety-seven diarylpentanoid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity through NO suppression assay using interferone gamma (IFN-γ)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Twelve compounds (9, 25, 28, 43, 63, 64, 81, 83, 84, 86, 88 and 97) exhibited greater or similar NO inhibitory activity in comparison with curcumin (14.7 ± 0.2 µM), notably compounds 88 and 97, which demonstrated the most significant NO suppression activity with IC50 values of 4.9 ± 0.3 µM and 9.6 ± 0.5 µM, respectively. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that the presence of a hydroxyl group in both aromatic rings is critical for bioactivity of these molecules. With the exception of the polyphenolic derivatives, low electron density in ring-A and high electron density in ring-B are important for enhancing NO inhibition. Meanwhile, pharmacophore mapping showed that hydroxyl substituents at both meta- and para-positions of ring-B could be the marker for highly active diarylpentanoid derivatives.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  18. A new coumarin from Calophyllum hosei
    Daud SB, Ee GC, Malek EA, Teh SS, See I
    Nat Prod Res, 2014;28(19):1534-8.
    PMID: 24897077 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.924001
    A new coumarin, hoseimarin (1), together with four other xanthones, trapezifolizanthone (2), osajaxanthone (3), β-mangostin (4) and caloxanthone A (5), were isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum hosei. The structures of these compounds were established by using spectroscopic analysis which included (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, COSY, DEPT, HMQC and HMBC experiments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
  19. Synthesis, spectral characterization, self-assembly and biological studies of N-acyl-2-pyrazolines bearing long alkoxy side chains
    Abbas A, Nazir H, Naseer MM, Bolte M, Hussain S, Hafeez N, et al.
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2014;120:176-84.
    PMID: 24177882 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.023
    A series of new pyrazoline derivatives (1b-4c) bearing N-acyl arms and nine to twelve carbon long alkoxy side chains was synthesized and characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data and microanalysis. The nature of self-assembly to understand the interplay of alkoxy chain crystallization and various supramolecular interactions was investigated using single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Interesting self-assembled supramolecular structures of 1b and 4c were observed in the crystal lattice owing to various CH⋯O, H⋯H, CH⋯π, lonepair⋯π and π⋯π interactions. Further, all the synthesized compounds (1b-4c) were screened for their in vitro antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds 2b, 3b, 2c and 3c showed significant to moderate antifungal activity against Microsporum canis whereas most of the other compounds were found inactive against all the five tested fungal strains. Good anti-inflammatory activity was observed for compounds 1b with IC50 value 331 μM compared to 273 μM for Indomethacine, a standard reference drug. The bio-activity data demonstrates the relationship between lipophilicity, solubility and bioavailability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*
  20. Fulltext Biological activities and phytochemicals of Swietenia macrophylla King
    Moghadamtousi SZ, Goh BH, Chan CK, Shabab T, Kadir HA
    Molecules, 2013 Aug 30;18(9):10465-83.
    PMID: 23999722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910465
    Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) is an endangered and medicinally important plant indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of the World. S. macrophylla has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The review reveals that limonoids and its derivatives are the major constituents of S. macrophylla. There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of S. macrophylla, which exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, antimutagenic, anticancer, antitumor and antidiabetic activities. Various other activities like anti-nociceptive, hypolipidemic, antidiarrhoeal, anti-infective, antiviral, antimalarial, acaricidal, antifeedant and heavy metal phytoremediation activity have also been reported. In view of the immense medicinal importance of S. macrophylla, this review aimed at compiling all currently available information on its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of S. macrophylla, showing its importance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
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