Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 150 in total

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  1. Fulltext A new clinical test for radial tunnel syndrome--the Rule-of-Nine test: a cadaveric study
    Loh YC, Lam WL, Stanley JK, Soames RW
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2004 Jun;12(1):83-6.
    PMID: 15237127 DOI: 10.1177/230949900401200115
    Radial tunnel syndrome refers to pain on the lateral aspect of the forearm as a result of compression of the posterior interosseous nerve within a tunnel with specific anatomical boundaries. Diagnosis of the condition is difficult because of its close association with lateral epicondylitis, which warrants different methods of treatment. Based on a cadaveric study, a new clinical test, the Rule-of-Nine test, is proposed to improve the diagnostic accuracy in radial tunnel syndrome. The test involves constructing 9 equal squares on the anterior aspect of the forearm and noting those squares where tenderness can be elicited.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  2. Anomalous Course of Facial Artery Through the Submandibular Gland and its Redundant Loop at the Base of Mandible
    Nayak SB, Vasudeva SK, Pamidi N, Sirasanagandla SR
    J Craniofac Surg, 2020 Oct;31(7):2015-2016.
    PMID: 32472879 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006539
    Knowledge of variant course and branching pattern of the facial artery gains importance in the surgeries of upper neck and face. The authors report a unilateral anomalous course and a redundant loop of right facial artery as seen in an adult male cadaver. The right facial artery had its origin from the external carotid artery. It pierced through the submandibular salivary gland and formed a redundant loop at the base of the mandible. Its further course and branching pattern was normal. This case could be important for radiologists, plastic surgeons and craniofacial surgeons.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  3. Fulltext Unique origin of the cystic artery
    Hlaing KP, Thwin SS, Shwe N
    Singapore Med J, 2011 Dec;52(12):e262-4.
    PMID: 22159949
    The cystic artery (CA) is known to exhibit variations in its origin and branching pattern. This is attributed to the developmental changes occurring in the primitive ventral splanchnic arteries. During routine dissection of a male cadaver, we observed that the CA originated from the middle hepatic artery (MHA) at a distance of about 1 cm from its origin, and the MHA originated from the right hepatic artery at a distance of 2.1 cm from its origin. The CA traversed for a distance of 1.5 cm, giving off a branch to the cystic duct. It then passed anterior to the cystic duct. The origin of the CA was located to the left of the common hepatic duct, outside the Calot's triangle. The topographical anatomy of the arterial system of the hepatobiliary region and their anomalous origin should be considered during hepatobiliary surgeries. This knowledge is also important for interventional radiologists in routine clinical practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  4. Unilateral absence of the lunate sulcus: an anatomical perspective
    Srijit D, Shipra P
    Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2008;49(2):257-8.
    PMID: 18516336
    The present study examines the gross anatomical features of anomalous lunate sulcus detected incidentally in a cadaveric brain and discusses its clinical importance. The absence of lunate sulcus was carefully studied in a dissected brain specimen. The absence of lunate sulcus was observed unilaterally on the right side of a cadaveric brain specimen. The lunate sulcus was clearly appreciated on the left side whilst on the right side it was absent. The right hemisphere of the cerebellum was also bigger in size as compared to the left. The absence of lunate sulcus is a rare finding, which may be detected incidentally. The anatomical knowledge of the lunate sulcus may be important for neurosurgeons operating on the occipital lobe and the radiologists interpreting CT scan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  5. Fulltext Surgical and embryological perspective of a big loop of internal carotid artery extending laterally beyond internal jugular vein
    Nayak SB, Shetty SD
    Surg Radiol Anat, 2021 Mar;43(3):413-416.
    PMID: 33231750 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02619-z
    Knowledge of variations of the internal carotid artery is significant to surgeons and radiologists. The internal carotid artery normally runs a straight course in the neck. Its anomalies can lead to its iatrogenic injuries. We report a case of a large loop of the internal carotid artery in a male cadaver aged about 75 years. The common carotid artery terminated by dividing it into the external carotid artery and internal carotid arteries at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage. From the level of origin, the internal carotid artery coursed upwards, backwards and laterally, and formed a large loop behind the internal jugular vein. The variation was found on the left side of the neck and was unilateral. The uncommon looping of the internal carotid artery might result in altered blood flow to the brain and may lead to misperceptions in surgical, imaging, and invasive procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  6. Fulltext Sternocleidohyoid muscle: an unreported variant of cleidohyoid muscle
    Nayak SB, Shetty SD
    Surg Radiol Anat, 2021 Aug;43(8):1327-1330.
    PMID: 33527215 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02682-0
    Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles are collectively known as infrahyoid muscles. These muscles frequently show variations in their attachments. Here, an extremely rare variant muscle belonging to this group has been presented. During cadaveric dissection for undergraduate medical students, an additional muscle was found between sternohyoid and superior belly of omohyoid muscles bilaterally in a male cadaver aged approximately 70 years. This muscle took its origin from posterior surface of the manubrium sterni, capsule of the sternoclavicular joint and the posterior surface of the medial part of the clavicle. It was inserted to the hyoid bone between the attachments of sternohyoid and superior belly of omohyoid muscles and was supplied by a branch of ansa cervicalis profunda. There is no report on such a muscle in the literature and it could be named as "sternocleidohyoid muscle". Knowledge of this muscle could be useful in neck surgeries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  7. Fulltext Partial duplication of tentorium cerebelli and complete duplication of falx cerebelli
    Nayak SB, Shetty SD
    Anat Cell Biol, 2019 Sep;52(3):337-339.
    PMID: 31598364 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.017
    Variations of the dural folds and the dural venous sinuses are infrequently reported in the existing medical literature. Such variations in the posterior cranial fossa may pose difficulties in various analytical and surgical procedures of this region. We present a rare concurrent variation of the falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli that was detected during routine dissection of an adult male cadaver. While removing the brain, a partial duplication of tentorium cerebelli was observed below the left half of the tentorium cerebelli and above the left cerebellar hemisphere. This fold did not have any dural venous sinus in it. Further, a complete duplication of falx cerebelli with a single occipital venous sinus within its attached border was also observed. We present the review of literature and discuss the comparative anatomy of this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  8. Variant origin of an arterial trunk from axillary artery continuing as profunda brachii artery--a unique arterial variation in the axilla and its clinical implications
    Naveen K, Jyothsna P, Nayak SB, Mohandas RK, Swamy RS, Deepthinath R, et al.
    Ethiop J Health Sci, 2014 Jan;24(1):93-6.
    PMID: 24591805
    BACKGROUND: Axillary artery is known to show different variations mostly in its branching pattern. Similarly, the origin of profunda brachii is often encountered with abnormality. Therefore, when the vascular variations in the upper limb persist, mostly it is confined to its branching pattern followed by its variant origin. But, among all the reported variations of profunda brachii, its variant origin from the 3rd part of the axillary artery with common trunk for the branches of axillary artery is unique.

    CASE DETAILS: We report here an anomalous origin of profunda brachii as continuation of an arterial trunk arising from 3rd part of the axillary artery. This common trunk at its commencement passed between 2 roots of median nerve and gave branches of 3rd part of axillary artery before it continued as profunda brachii artery. The further course and branching pattern of profunda brachii were normal.

    CONCLUSION: Since the axillary artery is next choice of artery for arterial cannulation in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures, prior knowledge of existence of such variation in its branching pattern helps in avoiding possible diagnostic or interventional therapeutic errors.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  9. Fulltext Forensic entomology of high-rise buildings in Malaysia: Three case reports
    Syamsa RA, Omar B, Zuha RM, Faridah MN, Swarhib MS, Hidayatulfathi O, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2015 Jun;32(2):291-9.
    PMID: 26691258 MyJurnal
    The distributions of flies are not only confined to ground level but can also be at higher altitudes. Here, we report three forensic cases involving dipterans in high-rise buildings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Case 1 involved a corpse of adult female found at the top floor of a fifteen-story apartment. Case 2 dealt with a body of a 75-year-old female discovered in a bedroom on the eleventh floor of an eighteen-story building, while Case 3 was a 52-year-old male found in his fifth floor shop house. Interestingly, entomological analysis revealed that all corpses were infested with similar Dipterans: Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae), Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp) (Diptera: Muscidae) and sarcophagid (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The first two species were commonly associated with corpses found indoors at ground level. We noted the additional occurrence of blowflies Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Chrysomya rufifacies Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae in Case 2 and Case 3, respectively. Findings from this study are significant as they demonstrate that certain groups of fly can locate dead bodies even in high-rise buildings. Forensic entomofauna research on corpses found at high elevation is scarce and our study has highlighted the peculiarity of the fly species involved in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver*
  10. Fulltext Morphometric analysis of patella and patellar ligament: a cadaveric study to aid patellar tendon grafts
    Aithal Padur A, Kumar N, Lewis MG, Sekaran VC
    Surg Radiol Anat, 2021 Dec;43(12):2039-2046.
    PMID: 34570285 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02837-z
    PURPOSE: Morphometric analysis of the patella and the patellar ligament is crucial in diagnosing and surgical corrections of knee injuries and patellofemoral joint disorders. Dimensions of the patella and the patellar ligament are frequently used in implant design and ACL reconstruction. This study aims to obtain detailed morphometric data on the patellar ligament and its localization based on gross anatomical dissections in the adult cadavers.

    METHODS: The present study consisted of 50 lower limbs from formalin-fixed male adult cadavers aged about 70 years (45-85) belonging to the South Indian population. Total length of the quadriceps tendon, patellar height, patellar ligament height, proximal width, distal width and thickness of the patellar ligament were measured meticulously. Mean, standard deviation, median scores of each parameter were computed for groups using SPSS 16.0. Level of significance was considered as p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  11. Fulltext Safety of thoracic pedicle screw application using the funnel technique in Asians: a cadaveric evaluation
    Chan CY, Kwan MK, Saw LB
    Eur Spine J, 2010 Jan;19(1):78-84.
    PMID: 19763636 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-009-1157-8
    The objective of this cadaveric study is to determine the safety and outcome of thoracic pedicle screw placement in Asians using the funnel technique. Pedicle screws have superior biomechanical as well as clinical data when compared to other methods of instrumentation. However, misplacement in the thoracic spine can result in major neurological implications. There is great variability of the thoracic pedicle morphometry between the Western and the Asian population. The feasibility of thoracic pedicle screw insertion in Asians has not been fully elucidated yet. A pre-insertion radiograph was performed and surgeons were blinded to the morphometry of the thoracic pedicles. 240 pedicle screws were inserted in ten Asian cadavers from T1 to T12 using the funnel technique. 5.0 mm screws were used from T1 to T6 while 6.0 mm screws were used from T7 to T12. Perforations were detected by direct visualization via a wide laminectomy. The narrowest pedicles are found between T3 and T6. T5 pedicle width is smallest measuring 4.1 +/- 1.3 mm. There were 24 (10.0%) Grade 1 perforations and only 1 (0.4%) Grade 2 perforation. Grade 2 or worse perforation is considered significant perforation which would threaten the neural structures. There were twice as many lateral and inferior perforations compared to medial perforations. 48.0% of the perforations occurred at T1, T2 and T3 pedicles. Pedicle fracture occurred in 10.4% of pedicles. Intra-operatively, the absence of funnel was found in 24.5% of pedicles. In conclusion, thoracic pedicle screws using 5.0 mm at T1-T6 and 6.0 mm at T7-T12 can be inserted safely in Asian cadavers using the funnel technique despite having smaller thoracic pedicle morphometry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  12. Fulltext Conduct of body donation and cadaveric dissection training during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges, impacts and mitigation
    Wong LP, Alias H, Tan SL, Saw A
    Anat Sci Int, 2023 Sep;98(4):558-565.
    PMID: 37072599 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00723-9
    The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a substantial impact on the Silent Mentor Programme (SMP), a programme in which members of the public may pledge their bodies to be used for medical training and research after their death. This study aimed to explore the conduct of body donations and simulation surgery training during the COVID-19 pandemic from the viewpoints of the committee members of the SMP and the next-of-kin of body donor pledgers. This study utilised a qualitative exploration method to seek an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon. In-depth individual interviews were carried out. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns of themes. The COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is compulsory before accepting a body donation, and this resulted in the turning down of several donations. Being a donor is the final wish of pledgers and this turning down led to a negative emotional remorseful feeling in the next-of-kin of pledgers. From the perspective of students, it is feared that the conduct of the programme, particularly the home visit session being held online, has impeded teaching of humanistic values, compassion, and empathy, which is the prime philosophy of the programme. Previous to the pandemic, the programme ceremonies were well-attended, denoting the utmost respect and recognition of the mentors; however, travel restrictions due to the pandemic limiting in-person attendance resulted in ceremonies becoming less impactful. Continuous postponements of cadaveric dissection training also resulted in students missing training opportunities, hence potentially impairing their professional practice and humanistic values in the medical profession. Counselling interventions should be directed at easing the negative psychological impact on the next-of-kin of pledgers. As the COVID-19 pandemic may pose a significant impediment to achieving the educational outcomes of cadaveric dissection training, efforts to make up for these gaps are essential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  13. Longitudinal Follow-Up of Death Anxiety and Psychophysical-Symptom Experience of Participants in the Silent Mentor Program
    Wong LP, Tan SL, Alias H, Sia TE, Saw A
    Omega (Westport), 2023 Nov;88(1):157-170.
    PMID: 34490819 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211043613
    This study assessed death anxiety (Death Anxiety Questionnaire, DAQ) and psychophysical- (psychological and physical) symptom experience following cadaveric dissection among the Silent Mentor Program (SMP) participants before thawing (T1), after the suturing, dressing and coffining session (T2), and one month post-program (T3). There was a significant decline in the total DAQ score comparing T1 and T2 (t = 7.69, p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver*
  14. Absence of the Musculocutaneous Nerve and Associated Compensation by the Median Nerve
    Moore K, Prasad AM, Satheesha Nayak B
    Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ), 2021 6 24;18(71):313-315.
    PMID: 34158443
    The musculocutaneous and median nerves frequently show variations from their normal course. The purpose of this paper is to report a rare variation, in which the right musculocutaneous nerve was absent. Consequently, the median nerve supplied motor innervation to the flexor compartment of the arm and sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm. The primary targets of this paper are orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists and radiologists. In cases of injuries to the upper limb, knowledge of these variations can assist them in avoiding misdiagnoses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  15. Abnormal course of left testicular artery in relation to an abnormal left renal vein: a case report
    Satheesha NB
    Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ), 2007 Jan-Mar;5(1):108-9.
    PMID: 18603997
    The testis is an important organ upon which the survival of the human species depends. Any compression of testicular artery may lead to loss of gametogenesis and hormone production. We found a left testicular artery entrapped between two divisions of a left renal vein in an approximately 50 year old cadaver. The left renal vein was formed by union of two veins coming from the kidney, left suprarenal vein, left testicular vein and an abnormally enlarged lumbar vein. This case may be of particular importance to surgeons who transplant kidneys, radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons dealing with the spine repairs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  16. Anatomical variations of median nerve formation, distribution and possible communication with other nerves in preserved human cadavers
    Mat Taib CN, Hassan SN, Esa N, Mohd Moklas MA, San AA
    Folia Morphol (Warsz), 2016 09 26;76(1):38-43.
    PMID: 27665953 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2016.0045
    Formation, distribution and possible communication of the median nerve are essential to know in treatment and surgeries of various conditions of injuries e.g. repair or reconstruction of the median nerve post traumatic accident. In the present study, 44 upper limbs were dissected. Root forming the median nerve, the median nerve in relation with the axillary artery and communication of the median nerve with other nerves were noted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  17. Fulltext Post mortem caesarian section
    Ravindran J
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):284-5.
    PMID: 8926913
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver*
  18. Fulltext Separate Belly and Tendon of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis to the Fifth Digit
    Rao M, Ashwini LS, Somayaji SN, Mishra S, Guru A, Rao A
    Oman Med J, 2011 Nov;26(6):e027.
    PMID: 28861181 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2011.120
    Variation in the origin of long flexor tendons in the anterior compartment of forearm is common. During routine cadaveric dissection at Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), we observed a separate muscle belly and tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) to the fifth digit in the right upper limb of a 60 year-old male cadaver. The anomalous muscle belly originated from the common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and continued as a thin tendon at the middle of the forearm to get inserted into the middle phalanx of the fifth digit. This can be considered as a case of split flexor digitorum superficialis. Such muscle variations and knowledge of their frequency, appearance, and location can be helpful for surgeons.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  19. Fulltext Novel method to estimate the length of the palmaris longus tendon
    Manohar, A., Ramal, L.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2013;9(2):19-24.
    MyJurnal
    Palmaris longus is tendon of choice in reconstructive, plastic and cosmetic surgeries. Thus, a suitable length is required and it would be more convenient if the length of the tendon of the palmaris longus could be estimated before harvesting. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the length and width of the palmaris longus tendon and the length of forearm and hand, the relationship between the length and the width of the palmaris longus tendon and wrist width and wrist circumference, as well as to identify a technique to estimate the length of the tendinous part of palmaris longus before harvesting it. A standardized proforma was used to collect the data of each of the 31 cadavers upper limbs. These data were analysed using SPSS software version 17. It is important to note that p value less than 0.05 is considered as statistically significant in this study. Out of the 31 upper limbs, palmaris longus tendon was absent in 3 (9.68%). Meanwhile, the mean length and width of the palmaris longus tendon was found to be 16.20 cm and 0.48 cm, respectively. The mean length of the forearm and hand was 26.6 cm and 21.2 cm, respectively. The mean width of the wrist and wrist circumference was 8.2 cm and 14.82 cm, respectively. These indicate a significant and moderate relationship between the length of palmaris longus tendon and the length of forearm (r = 0.49, r2 = 0.24, p < 0.01). In addition, there was also a significant relationship between the length of palmaris longus tendon and the length of hand (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). This paper presents the technique used to estimate the length and width of the tendinous part of palmaris longus before harvesting. The length of palmaris longus can be estimated pre-operatively by measuring the length of the hand by using the technique explained in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
  20. Fulltext Structuring quality education by proposing physical infrastructure of a medical school
    Ashfaq Akram, Muhammad Zahedi Daud, Md Gapar Md Joha, Rizwan Farzana, Rahmatullah Khan
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2016;8(3):75-87.
    MyJurnal
    Due to cost containment considerations, it is common to have medical schools being
    located in buildings or campuses built for some other purposes. These buildings are converted into
    medical schools which often compromising the functional architectural aspects. Objectives: The
    paper examines, explores and proposes an architectural concept of a purpose-built medical school. The
    architectural design proposed is sensitive to the values and norms of many schools around the globe.
    Methods: An Internet search and personal communication were conducted, focusing on the concepts
    of the functionality of medical school. It emphasises on general design of the main building, keeping
    in mind the various kinds of teaching, learning and assessment activities. We examined lecture hall,
    pre-clinical laboratory, skill laboratory, general facilities of Objective Structured Practical Examination
    (OSPE) and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Results: We present hypothetical
    structural designs based on built-functions concepts. For example, for the better vision of students
    around a demonstration table, an inclined floor surface is proposed. The concept is as illustrated by
    anatomy dissection area built inclined upward from the cadaver table. It inevitably provides a better
    visual access to the students around the table. Other teaching and learning areas are also illustrated
    wherever appropriate in the text. Conclusion: The paper is hypothetical and explores innovative
    structural designs of modern medical schools. While most are built to meet the demands of current
    technology, it cannot however completely replace face-to-face teaching and learning processes.
    Research in architectural designs of education buildings and facilities may be further developed into a
    new research niche of medical education.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cadaver
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