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Fulltext Development of a green combat armour from Rame-Kevlar-polyester composite

Zainab Shakir Radif, Aidy Ali, Khalina Abdan

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(2):339-348.
MyJurnal

This study was conducted for the development of the green protection garments. For this purpose, laminate composite material was developed from Kevlar 29-ramie-unsaturated polyester resin. The aim of this study was to develop a solid body armour that meets the specific requirements of ballistic resistance. This composite is subjected to high impact loading. The target was shot using gas gun machine that is supported by camera hardware to capture the projectile speed. In order to achieve the goal of the research, several experiments were conducted with the aim to estimate the ballistic limit, maximum energy absorption, composite failure mode, life time rupture, target geometry, and environmental effect. The results of these experiments indicated that the maximum ballistic limit validated at impact speed is in the range of 250 m/s to 656.8 m/s for the second protection level. The targets are improved in term of the impact response with the increase in the relative humidity, i.e. the range of 50% ± 20%, whereas, reduction of resistance results in the increase of temperature. The range of temperatures was between 20oC and 70oC. A limited delamination was generated under multiple shots. Targets geometry plays a major role in increasing the impact response. Hence, the results present a high resistant impact for pairs from the panels with total thickness arrived to 15
mm ± 3 mm. This body armour is one of the most economical armour products, in which common materials are used in its production, particularly to reduce the amount of Kevlar, and this could further lead to a decrease in its production cost. On the other hand, this armour meets the ballistic threats under 623 m/s of 15 mm ± 3 mm target thickness and 837.5 m/s of 25 mm ± 2.mm. Thus, the armour is equivalent to the third level of protective ballistic limits in the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) standards.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Fulltext Development of an anthropometry database for the malaysian population: problems and challenges

Rosnah Mohd. Yusuff, Siti Zawiah Md. Dawal, Dian D.I. Daruis, Siti Nurani Hassan

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(20):36-43.
MyJurnal

Ergonomics is generally to design for human use and optimizing the working and living conditions. The comfort, safety and ease of use of systems, products and machines require the principles of ergonomics to be incorporated into the design. Anthropometry is a part of ergonomics which deals with the measurement of body dimensions, its capability and limitations of the human ability. Studies have indicated that body dimensions differ for various populations, depending on ethnic group, sex and age. The measurement of physical characteristics and abilities of people provides information that is essential for the appropriate design of occupational and non- occupational environments, as well as for the design of consumer products, clothing, tools and equipment. It has been considered as the very basic core of ergonomics in an attempt to resolve the dilemma of 'fitting people to machines'. It has also been regarded as a branch of anthropology which deals with physical characteristics of the man in time and space, particularly with individual variation, ontogenesis and generic development. Knowledge about man from the point of view of physical anthropometry is very useful for the purpose of ergonomics and design. Thus it is important that an anthropometric database for each nation is developed to ensure design of products and systems are compatible with the user population. In Malaysia, many researchers have conducted anthropometric studies on various groups of people, focused on a small sample size and used for specific designs. Unfortunately, the measurements are not representatives of the population. The work has been individually based, confined to certain group of researchers in various universities and there is no concerted effort towards developing a national anthropometric database.This paper discusses some of the anthropometry work conducted in Malaysia, the problems and challenges in developing the national database, the importance of anthropometry and the roles that the government has to play in developing the database.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Fulltext Development of physical workload and heat stress questionnaire for construction industry in Malaysia

Solehan Imran Shariffudin, Jafri Mohd. Rohani, Mohd Firdaus Mohd Taib, Roseni Abd. Aziz

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):93-97.
MyJurnal

Geographically, Malaysia is situated in the equatorial region, thus having a climate of hot and humid throughout the
year. Effect of heat stress and physical work load at construction industry need to be investigated because of the high number of
accidents. Thus, perception of physical workload and heat stress by the construction workers in Malaysia needed to be investigated
and documented. The aim of this paper is to establish a set of questionnaires containing the item generation regarding on physical
workload and the heat stress perception of construction workers. Physical workload factors such as fatigue, risks, concentration,
work rhythm, responsibility, satisfaction, and autonomy are inserted as the items in assessing the physical workload. While heat
stress are assessed using heat risk factors such as temperature, humidity, heat radiation, air movement, workload, clothing and
acclimatisation. A questionnaire has been developed resulted from various reviewing of literatures on physical workload and heat
stress and better suited to the Malaysia working environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Direction of flexoelectric polarization in smectic CG* phases of chiral smectic liquid crystals

Teng YT, Lye HO

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:145-150.

Polarization in antiferroelectric liquid crystals has two origins: The piezoelectric polarization which is of chiral origin and the flexoelectric polarization which originates in different orientation of tilts in neighboring layers. The flexoelectric polarization is perpendicular to the tilt direction only if the structure is uniformly helicoidally modulated. In structures like SmC*F11andSmC;12 the flexoelectric contribution might be significant and it can be non-parallel to the piezoelectric component. Hence it may deviates the direction of polarization from the perpendicular direction significantly. The angle formed by the polarization and the tilt is therefore general and as such the basic characteristic of the SmCG* phase can be recognized. It seems that this aspect was completely overlooked in the past. In this contribution we analyze the dependence of the polarization direction on the phase structures and on the values of piezoelectric and flexoelectric coefficients in the discrete phenomenological model.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Fulltext Doctor's attire and patient safety

Abu Bakar S

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Sep;64(3):185-6.
PMID: 20527264 MyJurnal

Koh and others have reported (in this issue of the MJM) the high prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on doctors’ neckties. As they have pointed out, this is nothing new, and like other studies with similar findings. They also point out that patient’s confidence and satisfaction are not affected by doctor’s not wearing neckties. They also referred to the British Department of Health decision to ban the use of neckties, long sleeve shirts and jewellery, and the Scottish government’s intention to ban the wearing of white coats, including neckties, to stop the spread of infections. They support the call by The Malaysian Medical Association to avoid the use of neckties.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing*
Fulltext Does the attire of a primary care physician affect patients' perceptions and their levels of trust in the doctor?

Zahrina AZ, Haymond P, Rosanna P, Ho R, Rajini AR, Low BT, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(3):3-11.
PMID: 30800227

INTRODUCTION: With increasing evidence of disease transmission through doctors' white coats, many countries have discouraged doctors from wearing their white coats during consultations. However, there have been limited studies about patients' preferences concerning doctors' attire in Malaysia. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate patients' perceptions of doctors' attire before and after the disclosure of information about the infection risk associated with white coats.
METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st June 2015 to 31st July 2015 at three different primary care settings (government, private, and university primary care clinics) using a self-administered questionnaire. A 1:5 systematic random sampling method was employed to select the participants. The respondents were shown photographs of male and female doctors in four different types of attire and asked to rate their level of confidence and trust in and ease with doctors in each type of attire. Subsequently, the respondents were informed of the risk of white coat-carried infections, and their responses were reevaluated. Data analysis was completed using SPSS Version 24.0. Associations of categorical data were assessed using the Chi-Square test, while the overall change in perceptions after the disclosure of additional information was examined using the McNemar test. Results with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: A total of 299 respondents completed the questionnaire. Most of the respondents had more confidence and trust in the male (62.5%) and female (59.2%) doctors wearing white coats. A high proportion of the respondents from the government clinic (70.5%) felt more confidence in male doctors dressed in white coats (p-value = 0.018). In terms of ethnicity, male doctors in white coats were highly favored by Malays (61.0%), followed by the Chinese (41.2%) and Indians (38%) (p = 0.005). A similar preference was observed for the female doctors, whereby the highest number of Malays (60.3%), followed by the Chinese (41.2%) and Indians (40.0%) (p = 0.006), had a preference for female doctors wearing white coats. Only 21.9% of the initial 71.9% of patients who preferred white coats maintained their preference (p < 0.001) after learning of the risk of microbial contamination associated with white coats.
CONCLUSION: Most patients preferred that primary care doctors wear white coats. Nevertheless, that perception changed after they were informed about the infection risk associated with white coats.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Effect of nano- and micro- reinforced agents on dry sliding wear of polyester composites

Chong MM, Chang SY, Noraiham Muhammad, Zulkifli Mord Rosli, Qumrul Ahsan

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:959-966.

Dry sliding wear of polyester hybrid composites containing carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cNT) and microparticles, silica (Si02) was studied at different sliding distances. An attempt has been made to produce uniform dispersion of nano- and micro- particles in the test samples by ultrasonication. The tribological properties of the hybrid composites were performed by using pin-on-disc (POD) tester against grey cast iron countersurface. The dry sliding wear tests were carried out under pressure-velocity (pv) condition of 0.4 MPa and 4 m/s for total sliding distance of 28800 m and at an interval of every sliding distance of 3600 m, wear properties and behavior were studied. The samples containing 10 wt.% silica (microparticles) with and without CNT always show increase in coefficient of friction at the expense of wear rate. However, samples containing only ci'rr have the lowest wear rate with the increase in coefficient of friction. Sliding distance studies also provide the information on wear rates which were ever changing at different sliding distances whereas average coefficient of friction did not vary throughout the tests. SEM observations of wear surfaces showed different wear morphologies when reinforcement (cNT or Si02) incorporated into the composites either alone or in combination.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Fulltext Effects of Mg and Cu dopants on the properties of zinc oxide nanorod arrays

Malek, M.F., Mamat, M.H., Ismail, A.S., Mohamed, R., Salifairus, M.J., Khusaimi, Z., et al.

Science Letters, 2016;11(2):36-40.
MyJurnal

We had successfully synthesised Mg-doped zinc oxide (MZO) and Cudoped zinc oxide (CZO) nanorod arrays (NRAs) on Al-doped ZnO (ZAO)-coated glass substrates using immersion method and investigated their structural properties. With the incorporation of the Mg dopant, the length and crystallinity of MZO NRAs is higher compared to that of the CZO NRAs. The average optical transmittance of MZO NRAs was slightly lower than that of the CZO NRAs over the visible wavelength region. With the incorporation of the Cu dopant, the morphology of the CZO sample was slightly different from that of the MZO NRAs. The CZO NRAs present granular with small sphere shape. On the other hand, the MZO NRAs exhibit a hexagonal shape structure with a flat-top facet. Rods with a diameter of 58.9-96.7 nm were uniformly grown on the ZAO-coated glass substrate. This paper presents the growth behaviors of the MZO and CZO NRAs.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Fulltext Effects of different environmental parameters on the respiratory metabolism of the larvae of Malaysian horseshoe crab, Tachypleus gigas (Müller)

Suniza, A.M.S., Zaleha Kassim, Chatterji, Anil

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(1):1-9.
MyJurnal

Respiratory metabolism of the larvae of Malaysian horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Müller) was studied under different salinities, pH, and temperature. The trend in oxygen consumption was uniform at all salinities, ranging from 10-40 ppt, indicating insignificant influence on the oxygen consumption by the larvae. Similarly, the correlation coefficient values showed that the relationship between oxygen consumption and salinity was not significant (P > 0.05; r = 0.245). During the first three hours, the oxygen consumption was 8.89, 10.72, 17.4, and 12.06% at 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppt salinities, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum oxygen consumption was recorded after 12 hrs, i.e. at salinity 20 ppt. A sudden drop in oxygen consumption was recorded during 3-6 hours of the experiment. This was followed by a gradual increase in the consumption of oxygen up to 12 hours of experiment. A similar trend in the oxygen consumption was observed in different pH levels, ranging from 5 to 9. At pH 6 and 9, during the first six hour, a moderate consumption of oxygen was observed. However, at pH 6, 7 and 8, the rates of oxygen consumption were found to be relatively greater after six hours, indicating unfavourable conditions. The data were statistically tested and it was found that a high degree of correlations existed between pH and oxygen consumption (r = 0.97). The analysis of covariance showed a significant relationship between oxygen consumption and pH (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, minimal variation in oxygen consumption was recorded between 30 and 40oC, with a
gradual decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration up to 12 hours of experimental time. At 50oC,
almost all dissolved oxygen was consumed by the larvae. The rate of oxygen consumption between
30 and 40oC was low during the first 9 hours of the experiment but it was significantly increased at later hours. A sudden increase in the oxygen consumption was recorded at 50oC, suggesting that it
might be the most unfavourable temperature condition. Meanwhile, a significant relationship was
observed between temperature and oxygen consumption (P < 0.05; r = 0.98).

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Fulltext Effects of milling methods on tensile properties of polypropylene/ oil palm mesocarp fibre biocomposite

Nordin, N. I. A. A., Ariffin, H., Hassan, M.A., Ibrahim, N. A., Shirai, Y., Andou, Y.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2015;23(2):325-337.
MyJurnal

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of milling methods on tensile properties of polypropylene (PP) / oil palm mesocarp fibre (OPMF) biocomposites. Two types of mills were used; Wiley mill (WM) and disc mill (DM). Ground OPMF from each milling process was examined for its particle size distribution and aspect ratio by sieve and microscopic analyses, respectively. Results showed that DM-OPMF had smaller diameter fibre with uniform particle size compared to the WM-OPMF. Surface morphology study by SEM showed that DM-OPMF had rougher surface compared to WM-OPMF. Furthermore, it was found that PP/DM-OPMF biocomposite had higher tensile strength compared to PP/WM-OPMF, with almost two-fold. Thus, it is suggested that small diameter and uniform size fibre may improve stress transfer and surface contact between the fibre and polymer matrix and cause well dispersion of filler throughout the polymer resulted in better tensile strength of PP/DM-OPMF Compared to PP/WM-OPMF biocomposite. Overall, it can be concluded that disc milling could serve as a simple and effective grinding method for improving the tensile properties of biocomposite.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Effects of pressure garment on spasticity and function of the arm in the early stages after stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Ooi HK, Chai SC, Kadar M

Clin Rehabil, 2020 Apr;34(4):515-523.
PMID: 32037862 DOI: 10.1177/0269215520905050

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pressure (Lycra) garment on the spasticity and function of the arm in the early stages after stroke.
DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.
SETTING: Occupational therapy unit of a public hospital.
SUBJECTS: A total of 46 adults with stroke.
INTERVENTION: After random assignment, for six weeks, both intervention group and control group received a 2 hour/week conventional occupational therapy program, with the intervention group receiving an extra 6 hour/day pressure garment application (long glove).
MAIN MEASURES: Modified Modified Ashworth Scale, Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure, and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test. Eligibility measures: Mini Mental State Examination and Modified Modified Ashworth Scale. Assessments were performed at baseline and six weeks postintervention.
RESULTS: There were 21 participants with the mean age of 51.19 (8.28) years in the intervention group and 22 participants with the mean (SD) age of 52.82 (8.71) years in the control group. The intervention group had median (interquartile range (IQR)) post-stroke duration of 1 (1) month, while for the control group, they were 2 (2) months. There was no difference in spasticity, and both perceived and actual arm functions between the groups at six weeks after baseline.
CONCLUSION: Wearing a pressure garment on the arm for 6 hours daily had no effect in controlling spasticity or on improving arm function in the early stages after stroke.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing*
Effects of radiation on free convection from a heated horizontal circular cylinder in the presence of heat generation

Zainuddin N, Saleh H, Hashim I, Roslan R

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:315-321.

Effects of radiation on free convection about a heated horizontal circular cylinder in the presence of heat generation is investigated numerically. The cylinder is fixed and immersed in a stationary fluid, in which the temperature is uniformly heated about the temperature of the surrounding fluid. The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless non-linear partial differential equations and solved by employing a finite difference method. An implicit finite difference scheme of Crank Nicolson method is used to analyze the results. This study determined the effects of radiation parameter, heat generation parameter, and the Prandtl number, on the temperature and velocity profiles. The results of the local heat transfer and skin-friction coefficient in the presence of radiation for some selected values of and are shown graphically.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Fulltext Electromagnetic Performances Analysis of an Ultra-wideband and Flexible Material Antenna in Microwave Breast Imaging: To Implement A Wearable Medical Bra

Rahman A, Islam MT, Singh MJ, Kibria S, Akhtaruzzaman M

Sci Rep, 2016 12 23;6:38906.
PMID: 28008923 DOI: 10.1038/srep38906

In this paper, we report a compact and ultra-wide band antenna on a flexible substrate using the 5-(4-(perfluorohexyl)phenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde compound for microwave imaging. In contrast to other microwave based imaging systems, such as an array of 16 antennas, we proposed a bi-static radar based imaging system consisting of two omnidirectional antennas, which reduces complexity and the overall dimension. The proposed compact antennas are 20 × 14 mm2 and designed for operating at frequencies from 4 to 6 GHz. To allow for implantation into a bra, the electromagnetic performances of the antennas must be considered in bending conditions. In comparison with the recently reported flexible antennas, we demonstrated both electromagnetic performance and imaging reconstruction for bending conditions. For the proof of concept, the electromagnetic performances both at flat and bending conditions have been verified using a homogeneous multilayer model of the human breast phantom. Our results demonstrate that the antenna, even at bending conditions, exhibits an excellent omni-directional radiation pattern with an average efficiency above 70% and average gain above 1 dBi, within the operational frequency band. The comprehensive aim of the realized antenna is to design a biodegradable and wearable antenna-based bra for early breast cancer detection in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing*
Fulltext Family response to presume consent system on organ donation from a review of literature

Makmor Tumin, Khaled Tafran, Nurul Huda Mohd Satar

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2015;9(3):20-26.
MyJurnal

Most countries around the world have experienced a shortage in organs needed for transplantation. Organ donation performance is widely attributed to two important factors: the legislation and the role of the family. Thus, this literature review aims to examine the willingness of people for organ donation while highlighting the importance of having a presumed consent system.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Field tests of repellent M-1960 against leeches

AUDY JR, HARRISON JL

Med J Malaya, 1954 Mar;8(3):240-50.
PMID: 13164694
Matched MeSH terms: Clothing*
Fine motor skills and accident proneness of garments workers in Bangladesh

Muhammad SH, Roy M

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2014;olume 28:79-87.

Accident in an organization is one of the most undesirable phenomenons all over the world. The consequences of accidents in workplace are numerous which include damages of resources and cost of lives of many workers. For example, in 1991 a major disaster occurred in U.S. at triangle Shirtwaist factory, which cost the life of 100 garments workers (Greenwald & Richard, 2005). In Bangladesh accidents in workplace are more frequent and devastating, for which Bangladesh has been criticized severely worldwide. Recently one of those unfortunate phenomenons in Bangladesh was fire at Nimtoli of old Dhaka which cost 117 people burnt alive in June 2010. Another accident took place in Tazreen Fashion, Dhaka in 2012 which caused at least 112 workers either burnt to death or died while trying to escape the blaze. These are the short picture of loss of lives. Yet the losses of resources are not few. Sometimes accidents create threats for human and animal kingdom also by large rate of environmental pollution. For Example, in 2005 devastating Texas City Refinery explosion cost lives of many workers as well as light hydrocarbons concentrated at ground level throughout a large surrounding area which caused long lasting environmental pollution (Baldwin & Lisa, 2008). Furthermore, economic loss cannot also be over looked. A little mistake costs huge loss in assembly line of work. Thus accidents reduce production rate, lessen the quality of product and the reputation of industry also.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Fulltext Fluorescence characteristics of 3-nitro-2-phenoxypyridine and 3-nitro-2(4-methyl)phenoxypyridine

Abdullah, Z., Halim, Z.I.A., Bakar, M.A.A., Idris, A.M.

ASM Science Journal, 2009;3(1):39-44.
MyJurnal

3-Nitro-2-phenoxypyridine and 3-nitro-2-(4-methyl)phenoxypyridine were obtained when 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine was treated with phenol and p-cresol, respectively. Fluorescence studies were carried out in various solvents, in capped and uncapped conditions and for differing concentrations. Both 3-nitro-2-phenoxypyridine and 3-nitro-2-(4-methyl)phenoxypyridine were fluorescent compounds but 3-Nitro-2-(4-methyl)phenoxypyridine was more fluorescent than 3-nitro-2-phenoxypyridine in all the solvents used. The fluorescence intensity decreased with concentration and time.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Formulation and process improvement for chili shrimp paste using sensory evaluation

Nadia Sarina, M.F., Mohd Adzahan, N., Sobhi, B., Ab Karim, M.S., Karim, R.

International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(4):927-936.
MyJurnal

This study was conducted to improve the formulation of chili shrimp paste (CSP) based on sensory evaluation in terms of acidity, source of acid and coarseness of chili paste and to improve the production process of CSP. The effectiveness of dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) as a microbial reduction agent was also evaluated. To produce CSP with different coarseness, a milling machine was used. Two types of preference test were conducted, i.e. ranking and hedonic. The preferred pH level was 4.0, the best acid source was kalamansi juice, and the most preferred coarseness for chili paste was when milling plates with a gap of 120 µm was used. DMDC has no effect on microbial reduction due to the presence of fat globules in CSP which hindered the inactivation action. Milling can substitute pounding as it is much faster and can produce a uniform CSP with higher volume.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Gendering of avatars for online self-representation

Cheong, Lee Mei, Fariza Hann Abdul Razak

CREAM : Current Research in Malaysia (Penyelidikan Terkini di Malaysia), 2013;2(2):89-100.
MyJurnal

This exploratory study is part of an on-going project about digital cultures on ageism, anonymity, and gendering. An avatar is the graphical representation of the online user. The study investigates the avatars drawn by a group of 76 young adults studying in a local university. A face-to-face interview was conducted to ascertain the features drawn. Results show that the avatars are more characterized by the sexual features related to the body, face, clothes, and a major number of context elements. The females tend to represent themselves in greater detail than the males. The former created gendered identities for themselves according to their offline gender identity and social contexts. The study illustrates that the hand drawing is an effective tool that analyses the online representation in an unobtrusive way. The expressions of gendering show that gender is consciously constructed. Gendering of avatars does permeate the virtual world. This study is a valuable addition to the growing body of work on social interaction in cyberspace.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing
Glove-based approach to online signature verification

Kamel NS, Sayeed S, Ellis GA

IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell, 2008 Jun;30(6):1109-13.
PMID: 18421114 DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2008.32

Utilizing the multiple degrees of freedom offered by the data glove for each finger and the hand, a novel on-line signature verification system using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) numerical tool for signature classification and verification is presented. The proposed technique is based on the Singular Value Decomposition in finding r singular vectors sensing the maximal energy of glove data matrix A, called principal subspace, so the effective dimensionality of A can be reduced. Having modeled the data glove signature through its r-principal subspace, signature authentication is performed by finding the angles between the different subspaces. A demonstration of the data glove is presented as an effective high-bandwidth data entry device for signature verification. This SVD-based signature verification technique is tested and its performance is shown to be able to recognize forgery signatures with a false acceptance rate of less than 1.2%.

Matched MeSH terms: Clothing*

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