Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 460 in total

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  1. Fulltext Understanding the NaCl-dependent behavior of hydrogen production of a marine bacterium, Vibrio tritonius
    Al-Saari N, Amada E, Matsumura Y, Tanaka M, Mino S, Sawabe T
    PeerJ, 2019;7:e6769.
    PMID: 31024772 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6769
    Biohydrogen is one of the most suitable clean energy sources for sustaining a fossil fuel independent society. The use of both land and ocean bioresources as feedstocks show great potential in maximizing biohydrogen production, but sodium ion is one of the main obstacles in efficient bacterial biohydrogen production. Vibrio tritonius strain AM2 can perform efficient hydrogen production with a molar yield of 1.7 mol H2/mol mannitol, which corresponds to 85% theoretical molar yield of H2 production, under saline conditions. With a view to maximizing the hydrogen production using marine biomass, it is important to accumulate knowledge on the effects of salts on the hydrogen production kinetics. Here, we show the kinetics in batch hydrogen production of V. tritonius strain AM2 to investigate the response to various NaCl concentrations. The modified Han-Levenspiel model reveals that salt inhibition in hydrogen production using V. tritonius starts precisely at the point where 10.2 g/L of NaCl is added, and is critically inhibited at 46 g/L. NaCl concentration greatly affects the substrate consumption which in turn affects both growth and hydrogen production. The NaCl-dependent behavior of fermentative hydrogen production of V. tritonius compared to that of Escherichia coli JCM 1649 reveals the marine-adapted fermentative hydrogen production system in V. tritonius. V. tritonius AM2 is capable of producing hydrogen from seaweed carbohydrate under a wide range of NaCl concentrations (5 to 46 g/L). The optimal salt concentration producing the highest levels of hydrogen, optimal substrate consumption and highest molar hydrogen yield is at 10 g/L NaCl (1.0% (w/v)).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  2. Fulltext Enhanced Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Productivity from Streptomyces SUK 25: Optimization, Characterization, Mechanism and Techno-Economic Analysis
    Al-Shaibani MM, Radin Mohamed RMS, Zin NM, Al-Gheethi A, Al-Sahari M, El Enshasy HA
    Molecules, 2021 Apr 25;26(9).
    PMID: 33923072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092510
    The present research aimed to enhance the pharmaceutically active compounds' (PhACs') productivity from Streptomyces SUK 25 in submerged fermentation using response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization. Besides, the characteristics and mechanism of PhACs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were determined. Further, the techno-economic analysis of PhACs production was estimated. The independent factors include the following: incubation time, pH, temperature, shaker rotation speed, the concentration of glucose, mannitol, and asparagine, although the responses were the dry weight of crude extracts, minimum inhibitory concentration, and inhibition zone and were determined by RSM. The PhACs were characterized using GC-MS and FTIR, while the mechanism of action was determined using gene ontology extracted from DNA microarray data. The results revealed that the best operating parameters for the dry mass crude extracts production were 8.20 mg/L, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value was 8.00 µg/mL, and an inhibition zone of 17.60 mm was determined after 12 days, pH 7, temperature 28 °C, shaker rotation speed 120 rpm, 1 g glucose /L, 3 g mannitol/L, and 0.5 g asparagine/L with R2 coefficient value of 0.70. The GC-MS and FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of 21 PhACs, and several functional groups were detected. The gene ontology revealed that 485 genes were upregulated and nine genes were downregulated. The specific and annual operation cost of the production of PhACs was U.S. Dollar (U.S.D) 48.61 per 100 mg compared to U.S.D 164.3/100 mg of the market price, indicating that it is economically cheaper than that at the market price.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  3. Fulltext Continuous Butanol Fermentation of Dilute Acid-Pretreated De-oiled Rice Bran by Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1
    Al-Shorgani NKN, Al-Tabib AI, Kadier A, Zanil MF, Lee KM, Kalil MS
    Sci Rep, 2019 03 15;9(1):4622.
    PMID: 30874578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40840-y
    Continuous fermentation of dilute acid-pretreated de-oiled rice bran (DRB) to butanol by the Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1 strain was investigated. Pretreatment of DRB with dilute sulfuric acid (1%) resulted in the production of 42.12 g/L total sugars, including 25.57 g/L glucose, 15.1 g/L xylose and 1.46 g/L cellobiose. Pretreated-DRB (SADRB) was used as a fermentation medium at various dilution rates, and a dilution rate of 0.02 h-1 was optimal for solvent production, in which 11.18 g/L of total solvent was produced (acetone 4.37 g/L, butanol 5.89 g/L and ethanol 0.92 g/L). Detoxification of SADRB with activated charcoal resulted in the high removal of fermentation inhibitory compounds. Fermentation of detoxified-SADRB in continuous fermentation with a dilution rate of 0.02 h-1 achieved higher concentrations of solvent (12.42 g/L) and butanol (6.87 g/L), respectively, with a solvent productivity of 0.248 g/L.h. This study showed that the solvent concentration and productivity in continuous fermentation from SADRB was higher than that obtained from batch culture fermentation. This study also provides an economic assessment for butanol production in continuous fermentation process from DRB to validate the commercial viability of this process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation/physiology
  4. Fulltext Impact of pH and butyric acid on butanol production during batch fermentation using a new local isolate of Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1
    Al-Shorgani NKN, Kalil MS, Yusoff WMW, Hamid AA
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2018 Feb;25(2):339-348.
    PMID: 29472788 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.03.020
    The effect of pH and butyric acid supplementation on the production of butanol by a new local isolate of Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1 during batch culture fermentation was investigated. The results showed that pH had a significant effect on bacterial growth and butanol yield and productivity. The optimal initial pH that maximized butanol production was pH 6.0 ± 0.2. Controlled pH was found to be unsuitable for butanol production in strain YM1, while the uncontrolled pH condition with an initial pH of 6.0 ± 0.2 was suitable for bacterial growth, butanol yield and productivity. The maximum butanol concentration of 13.5 ± 1.42 g/L was obtained from cultures grown under the uncontrolled pH condition, resulting in a butanol yield (YP/
    S
    ) and productivity of 0.27 g/g and 0.188 g/L h, respectively. Supplementation of the pH-controlled cultures with 4.0 g/L butyric acid did not improve butanol production; however, supplementation of the uncontrolled pH cultures resulted in high butanol concentrations, yield and productivity (16.50 ± 0.8 g/L, 0.345 g/g and 0.163 g/L h, respectively). pH influenced the activity of NADH-dependent butanol dehydrogenase, with the highest activity obtained under the uncontrolled pH condition. This study revealed that pH is a very important factor in butanol fermentation by C. acetobutylicum YM1.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  5. Bio-hydrogen production using a two-stage fermentation process
    Alalayah WM, Kalil MS, Kadhum AA, Jahim JM, Jaapar SZ, Alauj NM
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2009 Nov 15;12(22):1462-7.
    PMID: 20180320
    A two-stage fermentation process consisting of dark and photo-fermentation periods was carried out in a batch reactor. In the first stage, glucose was fermented in the dark stage using Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564; CSN1-4) to produce acetate, CO2 and H2. The acetate produced in the first stage is fermented to H2 and CO2 by Rhodobacter sphaeroides NCIMB 8253 for further hydrogen production in the second, illuminated stage. The yield of hydrogen in the first stage was about 3.10 mol H2 (mol glucose)(-1) at a glucose concentration of 10 g L(-1), pH 6 +/- 0.2 and 37 degrees C and the second stage yield was about 1.10-1.25 mol H2 (mol acetic acid)(-1) at pH 6.8 +/- 0.2 and 32 degrees C, without removal of the Clostridium CSN1-4. The overall yield of hydrogen in the two-stage process, with glucose as the main substrate was higher than single-stage fermentation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation/physiology*
  6. Applications of the Box-Wilson design model for bio-hydrogen production using Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564)
    Alalayah WM, Kalil MS, Kadhum AA, Jahim J, Zaharim A, Alauj NM, et al.
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2010 Jul 15;13(14):674-82.
    PMID: 21848059
    Box-Wilson design (BWD) model was applied to determine the optimum values of influencing parameters in anaerobic fermentation to produce hydrogen using Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564). The main focus of the study was to find the optimal relationship between the hydrogen yield and three variables including initial substrate concentration, initial medium pH and reaction temperature. Microbial growth kinetic parameters for hydrogen production under anaerobic conditions were determined using the Monod model with incorporation of a substrate inhibition term. The values of micro(max) (maximum specific growth rate) and K, (saturation constant) were 0.398 h(-1) and 5.509 g L(-1), respectively, using glucose as the substrate. The experimental substrate and biomass-concentration profiles were in good agreement with those obtained by the kinetic-model predictions. By varying the conditions of the initial substrate concentration (1-40 g L(-1)), reaction temperature (25-40 degrees C) and initial medium pH (4-8), the model predicted a maximum hydrogen yield of 3.24 mol H2 (mol glucose)(-1). The experimental data collected utilising this design was successfully fitted to a second-order polynomial model. An optimum operating condition of 10 g L(-1) initial substrate concentration, 37 degrees C reaction temperature and 6.0 +/- 0.2 initial medium pH gave 80% of the predicted maximum yield of hydrogen where as the experimental yield obtained in this study was 77.75% exhibiting a close accuracy between estimated and experimental values. This is the first report to predict bio-hydrogen yield by applying Box-Wilson Design in anaerobic fermentation while optimizing the effects of environmental factors prevailing there by investigating the effects of environmental factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  7. Optimization of decolorization of methylene blue by lignin peroxidase enzyme produced from sewage sludge with Phanerocheate chrysosporium
    Alam MZ, Mansor MF, Jalal KC
    J Hazard Mater, 2009 Mar 15;162(2-3):708-15.
    PMID: 18599210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.085
    Optimization of decolorization of methylene blue (MB) dye by lignin peroxidase (LiP) enzyme produced by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium using sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge as a major substrate was carried out in the laboratory. Optimization by the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and statistical approach was carried out to determine the process conditions on optimum decolorization of MB dye using LiP enzyme in static mode. The OFAT method indicated that the optimum conditions for decolorization of MB dye (removal: 14-40%) was at temperature 55 degrees C, pH 5.0 with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) concentration 4.0mM, MB dye concentration 20mg/L and LiP activity 0.487U/ml. The addition of veratryl alcohol to the reaction mixtures did not contribute any further increases in decolorization. The initial concentration of MB and the activity of LiP enzyme were further optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The contour and surface plots suggested that the optimum initial concentration of MB and LiP activity predicted were 15mg/L and 0.687U/ml, respectively for the removal of 65%. The validation of the model showed that the decolorization process gave the higher removal of 90% in agitation mode compared to the static mode with 65% for 60min of incubation time by LiP enzyme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  8. Statistical optimization of process conditions for cellulase production by liquid state bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge
    Alam MZ, Muyibi SA, Wahid R
    Bioresour Technol, 2008 Jul;99(11):4709-16.
    PMID: 17981027
    A two-level fractional factorial design (FFD) was used to determine the effects of six factors, i.e. substrate (domestic wastewater sludge - DWS) and co-substrate concentration (wheat flour - WF), temperature, initial pH, inoculum size and agitation rate on the production of cellulase enzyme by Trichoderma harzianum in liquid state bioconversion. On statistical analysis of the results from the experimental studies, optimum process conditions were found to be temperature 32.5 degrees C, substrate concentration (DWS) 0.75% (w/w), co-substrate (WF) concentration 2% (w/w), initial pH 5, inoculum size 2% (v/w) and agitation 175 rpm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.975. Cellulase activity reached 10.2 FPU/ml at day 3 during the fermentation process which indicated about 1.5-fold increase in production compared to the cellulase activity obtained from the results of design of experiment (6.9 FPU/ml). Biodegradation of DWS was also evaluated to verify the efficiency of the bioconversion process as a waste management method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  9. Liquid state bioconversion of sewage treatment plant sludge in batch fermenter and shake flask
    Alam MZ, Fakhru'l-Razi A
    Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol, 2004;32(3):485-500.
    PMID: 15508283
    A study on liquid state bioconversion of sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge was assisted to evaluate the performance of batch fermenter compared to shake flask in a laboratory. Bioconversion of STP sludge was highly influenced by the mixed fungal culture of Penicillium corylophilum and Aspergillus niger after 4 days of treatment. The results showed that about 24.9 g kg(-1) dry sludge cake (DSC) was produced with enrichment of fungal biomass protein in fermenter while 20.1 g kg(-1) in shake flask after 4 days of fungal treatment. The effective biodegradation of STP sludge was recorded in both fermenter and shake flask experiment compared to control (uninnoculated sample). The results presented in this study revealed that the overall performance of fermenter in terms of sludge cake (biosolids) accumulation and biodegradation of STP sludge was higher than the shake flask.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  10. Solid state bioconversion of oil palm biomass for ligninase enzyme production
    Alam MZ, Mahmat ME, Muhammad N
    Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol, 2005;33(4):457-66.
    PMID: 16317964
    A laboratory-scale study of bioconversion of local lignocellulosic material, oil palm biomass (OPB) was conducted by evaluating the enzyme production through microbial treatment in solid state bioconversion (SSB). OPB in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB) was used as a solid substrate and treated with the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to produce ligninase. The results showed that the highest ligninase activity of 400.27 U/liter was obtained at day 12 of fermentation. While the optimum study indicated the enzyme production of 1472.8 U/liter with moisture content of 50%, 578.7 U/liter with 10% v/w of inoculum size, and 721.8 U/liter with co-substrate concentration of 1% (w/w) at days 9, 9 and 12 of fungal treatment, respectively. The parameters glucosamine and reducing sugar were observed to evaluate the growth and substrate utilization in the experiment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  11. Bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge by immobilized mixed culture of penicillum Corylophilum WWZA1003 and Aspergillus niger SCahmA103
    Alam MZ, Fakhru'l-Razi A, Idris A, Abd-Aziz S
    Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol, 2002 Jul;30(4):307-18.
    PMID: 12227649
    The bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge by immobilized mixed culture of filamentous fungi was investigated in a laboratory. The potential mixed culture of Penicillium corylophilum WWZA1003 and Aspergillus niger SCahmA103 was isolated from its local habitats (wastewater and sludge cake) and optimized on the basis of biodegradability and dewaterability of treated sludge. The observed results in this study showed that the sludge treatment was highly influenced by the effect of immobilized mixed fungi using liquid state bioconversion (LSB) process. The maximum production of dry filter cake (DFC) was enriched with fungal biomass to about 20.05 g/kg containing 23.47 g/kg of soluble protein after 4 days of fungal treatment. The reduction of COD, TSS, turbidity (optical density against distilled water, 660 nm), reducing sugar and protein in supernatant and filtration rate of treated sludge were influenced by the fungal mixed culture as compared to control (uninnoculated). After these processes, 99.4% of TSS, 98.05% of turbidity, 76.2% of soluble protein, 98% of reducing sugar and 92.4% of COD in supernatant of treated sludge were removed. Filtration time was decreased tremendously by the microbial treatment after 2 days of incubation. The effect of fungal strain on pH was also studied and presented. Effective bioconversion was observed after 4 days of fungal treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  12. Effect of agitation and aeration on bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge in a batch fermenter
    Alam MZ, Fakhru'l-Razi A
    J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng, 2002;37(6):1087-97.
    PMID: 12090282
    Effects of agitation and aeration rate on microbial treatment of domestic wastewater sludge were investigated in a batch fermenter using mixed culture of Penicillium corylophilum and Aspergillus niger. It was found that liquid state bioconversion (LSB) of wastewater sludge was highly influenced by the effects of agitation and aeration. The maximum production of sludge cake and reduction of organic substances in treated sludge were recorded at 150-200 rpm of agitation speed and 0.5 vvm of aeration rate after 72 h of treatment. No effective results were observed at higher rate of agitation (300 rpm) and aeration (1.5 vvm) as compared to optimum values. The results showed that the minimum level of air saturation (pO2) was adequate to maintain the bioconversion process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  13. Evaluation of fungal potentiality for bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge
    Alam MZ, Fakhru'l-Razi A, Molla AH
    J Environ Sci (China), 2004;16(1):132-7.
    PMID: 14971468
    This study was undertaken to screen the filamentous fungi isolated from its relevant habitats(wastewater, sewage sludge and sludge cake) for the bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge. A total of 35 fungal strains were tested against wastewater sludge (total suspended solids, TSS 1%-5% w/w) to evaluate its potentiality for enhancing the biodegradability and dewaterability using liquid state bioconversion(LSB) process. The strains were divided into five groups i.e. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Basidiomycete and Miscellaneous, respectively. The strains WWZP1003, SCahmA103, SCahmT105 and PC-9 among their respective groups of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Basidiomycete played potential roles in terms of separation (formation of pellets/flocs/filaments), biodegradation(removal of COD) and filtration (filterability) of treated domestic wastewater sludge. The Miscellaneous group was not considered due to its unsatisfactory results as compared to the other groups. The pH value was also influenced by the microbial treatment during fermentation process. The filterability of treated sludge was improved by fungal treatment, and lowest filtration time was recorded for the strain WWZP1003 and SCahmA103 of Penicillium and Aspergillus groups respectively compared with other strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  14. Biosolids accumulation and biodegradation of domestic wastewater treatment plant sludge by developed liquid state bioconversion process using a batch fermenter
    Alam MZ, Fakhru'l-Razi A, Molla AH
    Water Res, 2003 Sep;37(15):3569-78.
    PMID: 12867323
    The biosolids accumulation and biodegradation of domestic wastewater treatment plant (DWTP) sludge by filamentous fungi have been investigated in a batch fermenter. The filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium corylophilum isolated from wastewater and DWTP sludge was used to evaluate the treatment performance. The optimized mixed inoculum (A. niger and P. corylophilum) and developed process conditions (co-substrate and its concentration, temperature, initial pH, inoculum size, and aeration and agitation rate) were incorporated to accelerate the DWTP sludge treatment process. The results showed that microbial treatment of higher strength of DWTP sludge (4% w/w of TSS) was highly influenced by the liquid state bioconversion (LSB) process. In developed bioconversion processes, 93.8 g/kg of biosolids was enriched with fungal biomass protein of 30 g/kg. Enrichment of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K) in biosolids was recorded in 6.2% (w/w), 3.1% (w/w) and 0.15% (w/w) from its initial values of 4.8% (w/w), 2.0% (w/w) and 0.08% (w/w) respectively after 10 days of fungal treatment. The biodegradation results revealed that 98.8% of TSS, 98.2% of TDS, 97.3% of turbidity, 80.2% of soluble protein, 98.8% of reducing sugar and 92.7% of COD in treated DWTP sludge supernatant were removed after 8 days of microbial treatment. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) in treated sludge (1.4x10(12) m/kg) was decreased tremendously by the microbial treatment of DWTP sludge after 6 days of fermentation compared to untreated sample (85x10(12) m/kg).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  15. Enhanced settleability and dewaterability of fungal treated domestic wastewater sludge by liquid state bioconversion process
    Alam MZ, Fakhru'l-Razi A
    Water Res, 2003 Mar;37(5):1118-24.
    PMID: 12553987
    A study was conducted to evaluate the settleability and dewaterability of fungal treated and untreated sludge using liquid state bioconversion process. The fungal mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium corylophilum was used for fungal pretreatment of wastewater sludge. The fungal strains immobilized/entrapped on sludge particles with the formation of pellets and enhanced the separation process. The results presented in this study showed that the sludge particles (pellets) size of 2-5mm of diameter were formed with the microbial treatment of sludge after 2 days of fermentation that contained maximum 33.7% of total particles with 3-3.5mm of diameter. The settling rate (measured as total suspended solids (TSS) concentration, 130 mg/l) was faster in treated sludge than untreated sludge (TSS concentration, 440 mg/l) after 1 min of settling time. In 1 min of settling operation, 86.45% of TSS was settled in treated sludge while 4.35% of TSS settled in raw sludge. Lower turbidity was observed in treated sludge as compared to untreated sludge. The results to specific resistance to filtration (SRF) revealed that the fungal inoculum had significant potentiality to reduce SRF by 99.8% and 98.7% for 1% w/w and 4% w/w of TSS sludge, respectively. The optimum fermentation period recorded was 3 days for 1% w/w sludge and 6 days for 4% w/w sludge, respectively, for dewaterability test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  16. Response Surface Methodology Modelling of an Aqueous Two-Phase System for Purification of Protease from Penicillium candidum (PCA 1/TT031) under Solid State Fermentation and Its Biochemical Characterization
    Alhelli AM, Abdul Manap MY, Mohammed AS, Mirhosseini H, Suliman E, Shad Z, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2016 Nov 11;17(11).
    PMID: 27845736
    Penicillium candidum (PCA 1/TT031) synthesizes different types of extracellular proteases. The objective of this study is to optimize polyethylene glycol (PEG)/citrate based on an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to purify protease from Penicillium candidum (PCA 1/TT031). The effects of different PEG molecular weights (1500-10,000 g/mol), PEG concentration (9%-20%), concentrations of NaCl (0%-10%) and the citrate buffer (8%-16%) on protease were also studied. The best protease purification could be achieved under the conditions of 9.0% (w/w) PEG 8000, 5.2% NaCl, and 15.9% sodium citrate concentration, which resulted in a one-sided protease partitioning for the bottom phase with a partition coefficient of 0.2, a 6.8-fold protease purification factor, and a yield of 93%. The response surface models displayed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) response which was fit for the variables that were studied as well as a high coefficient of determination (R²). Similarly, the predicted and observed values displayed no significant (p > 0.05) differences. In addition, our enzyme characterization study revealed that Penicillium candidum (PCA 1/TT031) produced a slight neutral protease with a molecular weight between 100 and 140 kDa. The optimal activity of the purified enzyme occurred at a pH of 6.0 and at a temperature of 50 °C. The stability between different pH and temperature ranges along with the effect of chemical metal ions and inhibitors were also studied. Our results reveal that the purified enzyme could be used in the dairy industry such as in accelerated cheese ripening.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  17. Comparison of free amino acids, antioxidants, soluble phenolic acids, cytotoxicity and immunomodulation of fermented mung bean and soybean
    Ali NM, Yeap SK, Yusof HM, Beh BK, Ho WY, Koh SP, et al.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2016 Mar 30;96(5):1648-58.
    PMID: 26009985 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7267
    BACKGROUND: Mung bean and soybean have been individually reported previously to have antioxidant, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects, while fermentation is a well-known process to enhance the bioactive compounds that contribute to higher antioxidant, cytotoxic and immunomodulation effects. In this study, the free amino acids profile, soluble phenolic acids content, antioxidants, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of fermented and non-fermented mung bean and soybean were compared.

    RESULTS: Fermented mung bean was recorded to have the highest level of free amino acids, soluble phenolic acids (especially protocatechuic acid) and antioxidant activities among all the tested products. Both fermented mung bean and soybean possessed cytotoxicity activities against breast cancer MCF-7 cells by arresting the G0/G1 phase followed by apoptosis. Moreover, fermented mung bean and soybean also induced splenocyte proliferation and enhanced the levels of serum interleukin-2 and interferon-γ.

    CONCLUSION: Augmented amounts of free amino acids and phenolic acids content after fermentation enhanced the antioxidants, cytotoxicity and immunomodulation effects of mung bean and soybean. More specifically, fermented mung bean showed the best effects among all the tested products. This study revealed the potential of fermented mung bean and soybean as functional foods for maintenance of good health.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  18. Fulltext Detection of secreted antimicrobial peptides isolated from cell-free culture supernatant of Paenibacillus alvei AN5
    Alkotaini B, Anuar N, Kadhum AA, Sani AA
    J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 2013 Jun;40(6):571-9.
    PMID: 23508455 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1259-5
    An antimicrobial substance produced by the Paenibacillus alvei strain AN5 was detected in fermentation broth. Subsequently, cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) was obtained by medium centrifugation and filtration, and its antimicrobial activity was tested. This showed a broad inhibitory spectrum against both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains. The CFCS was then purified and subjected to SDS-PAGE and infrared spectroscopy, which indicated the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound. Some de novo sequencing using an automatic Q-TOF premier system determined the amino acid sequence of the purified antimicrobial peptide as Y-S-K-S-L-P-L-S-V-L-N-P (1,316 Da). The novel peptide was designated as peptide AN5-1. Its mode of action was bactericidal, inducing cell lysis in E. coli ATCC 29522 and S. aureus, and non-cell lysis in both S. marcescens and B. cereus ATCC 14579. Peptide AN5-1 displayed stability at a wide range of pH values (2-12) and remained active after exposure to high temperatures (100 °C). It also maintained its antimicrobial activity after incubation with chemicals such as SDS, urea and EDTA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  19. Fulltext Production of citric acid from sugarcane molasses by Aspergillus niger using submerged fermentation
    Almakki, Asma, Mirghani, Mohamed E.S., Kabbashi, Nassereldeen A.
    Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 2019;2(1):47-55.
    MyJurnal
    Citric acid (CA) has a high demand due to its various uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the natural supply of CA is minimal compared to its growing industrial demand. The increasing demand for CA can be fulfilled by using biotechnological processes. This study utilized liquid state bioconversion by Aspergillus niger for CA production using sugarcane molasses as the primary substrate. Sugarcane molasses which is agricultural waste consists of significant proportion of organic matters such as lipids and carbohydrates. This makes sugarcane molasses as a potential and alternative source of producing CA at a lower cost. In this study, statistical optimization was applied to improve CA production using submerged fermentation in shake flasks. Aspergillus niger was cultured in potato dextrose agar. Then, inoculum spores were introduced into the fermentation media for a specific duration according to the experimental design from Central Composite Design (CCD) tool under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Design Expert 6.0 software. Three parameters were chosen to be optimized at 32⁰C i.e.agitation rate (160, 80, 200 rpm), substrate concentration (47, 60, 73%) and fermentation time (24, 72, 120 h). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analyses were conducted to measure CA yield. The optimization study showed that the media incubated for 72 hours with a substrate concentration of 60% and an agitation speed of 180 rpm produced the highest CA yield(21.2 g/L).The analysis of variance (ANOVA) also showed that CCD quadratic model was significant with P-value< 0.0104 and R2is0.8964.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
  20. Evaluation of quality and protein structure of natural water kefir-fermented quinoa protein concentrates
    Alrosan M, Tan TC, Easa AM, Gammoh S, Alu'datt MH, Aleid GM, et al.
    Food Chem, 2023 Mar 15;404(Pt B):134614.
    PMID: 36444092 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134614
    The utilisation of quinoa protein concentrates (QPCs) is limited due to their poor protein digestibility (78.54 %). In this study, QPCs (1 % w/v) were fermented in 5 % (v/v) water kefir grains (WKG) for 5 days at 25 °C. The protein quality of the fermented QPCs was enhanced, whereby the protein digestibility increased significantly (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Fermentation
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