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  1. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Solanum nigrum chloroform extract in animal models
    Zakaria ZA, Gopalan HK, Zainal H, Mohd Pojan NH, Morsid NA, Aris A, et al.
    Yakugaku Zasshi, 2006 Nov;126(11):1171-8.
    PMID: 17077618
    AIM: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of chloroform extract of Solanum nigrum leaves using various animal models.

    METHODS: The extract was prepared by soaking (1:20; w/v) the air-dried powdered leaves (20 g) in chloroform for 72 hrs followed by evaporation (40 degrees C) under reduced pressure to dryness (1.26 g) and then dissolved (1:50; w/v) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The supernatant, considered as the stock solution with dose of 200 mg/kg, was diluted using DMSO to 20 and 100 mg/kg, and all doses were administered (s.c.; 10 ml/kg) in mice/rats 30 min prior to tests.

    RESULTS: The extract exhibited significant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity when assessed using the abdominal constriction, hot plate and formalin tests. The extract also produced significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities when assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests. Overall, the activities occurred in a dose-independent manner.

    CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the lipid-soluble extract of S. nigrum leaves possessed antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties and confirmed the traditional claims.

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy*
  2. Lack of neutrophil degranulation in low-dose endotoxin inhalation based on a novel intracellular assay
    Loh LC, Lo WH, Kanabar V, O'Connor BJ
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2006 Jun-Sep;24(2-3):153-60.
    PMID: 17136881
    To study the nature of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation, we developed a method of quantifying intracellular human neutrophil elastase (HNE) in lysed sputum polymorphs as a means to study the degranulation status of LPS-recruited neutrophils. Induced sputum, blood and exhaled nitric oxide (NO) were collected from 10 healthy non-atopic human subjects after inhaling a single 15 microg dose of Escherichia coil LPS in an open study. At 6 hours, LPS inhalation caused significant increase of sputum and blood neutrophils but without parallel increase in myeloperoxidase, HNE or interleukin-8 (IL-8) in sputum sol and blood, or exhaled NO. Intracellular HNE in lysed sputum polymorphs or purified blood neutrophils did not show any significant changes between inhaled LPS and saline, nor was there any appreciable change in percentage HNE release induced by N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) in vitro. We concluded that in healthy humans, the transient neutrophilic inflammation induced by a single dose of inhaled 15 microg LPS is mainly characterized by cell recruitment, not enhanced secretion of granular mediators or increased exhaled NO based on our experimental conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  3. Fulltext Outcome of Various Pterygium Excision Techniques in Tertiary Ophthalmic Centre in East Coast Malaysia
    Khairidzan, M.K., Fatimah, S.S., Thangasamy, V.K.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(1):1-2.
    MyJurnal
    Pterygium is a common external eye problem. It is more frequently seen in tropical areas regions where exposure to ultraviolet sunlight is high. Clinically, a pterygium is a wing shaped fibrovascular growth arising from the bulbar conjunctiva onto the superficial cornea. Complications of pterygium include decreased in visual acuity, dryness, foreign body sensation and persistent redness. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment for this condition. Numerous surgical techniques have been described in the treatment of pterygium. They include the bare sclera technique, simple direct conjunctival closure, rotational conjunctival graft and conjunctival autograft. Additional treatment to some of these techniques may include the use of beta particle therapy and antimetabolite therapy. Despite the wide range of surgical procedures described for its treatment, the main concern from these procedures has been the recurrence, which could be as high as 30% to 70%. Recurrent pterygium is often accompanied by increased conjunctival inflammation and accelerated corneal involvement. Repeated surgical procedures often only worsen the situation, as loss of conjunctival tissue and scarring can result in obliteration of the fornices and mechanical restriction of extraocular movements, with clinically significant diplopia. In Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, pterygium excision is the most common surgical procedure after cataract extraction. We reviewed patients who had undergone pterygium surgery in HTAA in order to determine the most effective surgical method that could minimize recurrence. PURPOSE: To compare success rates of various excision techniques performed for primary and recurrent pterygium in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang.
    METHODS: The outcome of 47 cases of pterygia (44 primary and 3 recurrent) excised with various techniques between January 2004 to September 2004 was retrospectively reviewed. Six clinical specialists and four trainees performed the surgical procedures. Outcome was evaluated in terms of recurrence of pterygia onto the cornea. RESULTS: The mean follow up was 3.04 months (range, 1-7 months). All pterygia were morphologically graded as intermediate or fleshy type except one. Four types of pterygium excision techniques were performed. Twenty-four cases had bare sclera, seventeen cases had conjunctival autograft transplantation, six cases had direct conjunctival closure and one had amniotic membrane transplantation done. Recurrence of pterygia occurred in thirteen eyes. Twelve cases from primary pterygia group and one case from recurrent group recurred. Recurrence rate was noted to be higher in direct conjunctival closure (4 out of 6 cases) and lowest in conjunctival autograft transplantation (2 out of 17 cases). Recurrence rate for bare sclera technique was noted to rank second in this study (6 out of 24 cases). In five cases of recurrence, subconjunctival tissue invasions were more than 1 mm but further surgical interventions were not needed at the time of this review was done. CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctival autografting was found to have less recurrent rate when compared with other techniques. The bare sclera technique was quoted to be associated with higher recurrence rate in other literatures. Interestingly in our series, recurrence rate for direct conjunctival closure technique was higher when compared to the former technique. This may be related to inadequate excision of pterygia tissue, which led to direct apposition of abnormal tissue to the cornea in the direct conjunctival closure technique. Even though the bare sclera technique is associated with a higher recurrence rate, it is still the preferred excision technique. This could be because it is less time consuming and technically easier to perform. Based on this study, conjunctival autografting should be the surgical procedure of choice for pteryigum in order to minimise the risk of recurrence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  4. Fulltext Role of radiosynovectomy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and hemophilic arthropathies
    Das B
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2007 Oct;3(4):e45.
    PMID: 21614297 DOI: 10.2349/biij.3.4.e45
    Radiosynovectomy is a novel method of treatment for several acute and chronic inflammatory joint disorders. A small amount of a beta-emitting radionuclide is injected into the affected joint delivering a radiation dose of 70 to 100 Gy to the synovia. The proliferative tissue is destroyed, secretion of fluid and accumulation of inflammation causing cellular compounds stops and the joint surfaces become fibrosed, providing long term symptom relief. The radionuclides are injected in colloidal form so that they remain in the synovium and are not transported by lymphatic vessels causing radiation exposure to other organs. Complete reduction of knee joint swelling has been seen in above 40% and pain relief in 88% of patients. Wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle and hip joints showed significant improvement in 50-60% and restoration of normal function and long term pain relief has been achieved in about 70% of small finger joints. In hemophilic arthropathies complete cessation of bleeding in about 60% and improved mobility in 75% of patients has been reported.

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  5. Mulberry leaves protect rat tissues from immobilization stress-induced inflammation
    Lee CY, Cheng HM, Sim SM
    Biofactors, 2007;31(1):25-33.
    PMID: 18806306
    The ability of the antioxidants in the mulberry leaves to protect Sprague-Dawley rats from injuries caused by immobilization stress was studied as an indicator of the tissue bioavailability of antioxidants. Nitrite level, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in the plasma and tissues were measured. There were hypertrophy of the adrenal glands and kidneys, significant increased levels of nitrite in the plasma and adrenal glands, elevated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the plasma, kidneys and spleen, and a reduction of TAA in the plasma, liver, adrenal glands, kidneys and spleen of the immobilized rats. Antioxidants in the mulberry leaf extract suppressed the increase of nitrite and TBARS. Adrenal glands appeared to be the target organ of the antioxidants in the leaf extract. The low dose mulberry antioxidants were more effective than pure rutin (4 mg/day) to protect the cells against inflammation and peroxidation induced by stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/blood; Inflammation/prevention & control*
  6. Fulltext Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves in experimental animals
    Zakaria ZA, Wen LY, Abdul Rahman NI, Abdul Ayub AH, Sulaiman MR, Gopalan HK
    Med Princ Pract, 2007;16(6):443-9.
    PMID: 17917444
    The present study was carried out to determine the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaves using animal models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy*
  7. Fulltext Amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth: a case report
    Taib, H., Ali, T.B.T., Kamin, S.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2007;2(1):61-64.
    MyJurnal
    Gingival overgrowth is frequently observed in patients taking certain drugs such as calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants and immunosuppressant. This can have a significant effect on the quality of life as well as increasing the oral bacterial load by generating plaque retention sites. Amlodipine, a third generation calcium channel blockers has been shown to promote gingival overgrowth although in very limited cases reported. The management of gingival overgrowth seems to be directed at controlling gingival inflammation through a good oral hygiene regimen. However in severe cases, surgical excision is the most preferred method of treatment, followed by rigorous oral hygiene procedures. This case report describes the management of gingival overgrowth in a hypertensive patient taking amlodipine. Combination of surgical gingivectomy and CO2 laser treatment was used to remove the gingival overgrowth. CO2 laser surgery produced good hemostasis and less pain during the procedure and post operatively. This case report has also shown that periodontal treatment alone without a change in associated drug can yield satisfactory clinical response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  8. Fulltext The distribution of inflammation and virus in human enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis suggests possible viral spread by neural pathways
    Wong KT, Munisamy B, Ong KC, Kojima H, Noriyo N, Chua KB, et al.
    J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 2008 Feb;67(2):162-9.
    PMID: 18219253 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318163a990
    Previous neuropathologic studies of Enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis have not investigated the anatomic distribution of inflammation and viral localization in the central nervous system (CNS) in detail. We analyzed CNS and non-CNS tissues from 7 autopsy cases from Malaysia and found CNS inflammation patterns to be distinct and stereotyped. Inflammation was most marked in spinal cord gray matter, brainstem, hypothalamus, and subthalamic and dentate nuclei; it was focal in the cerebrum, mainly in the motor cortex, and was rare in dorsal root ganglia. Inflammation was absent in the cerebellar cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, peripheral nerves, and autonomic ganglia. The parenchymal inflammatory response consisted of perivascular cuffs, variable edema, neuronophagia, and microglial nodules. Inflammatory cells were predominantly CD68-positive macrophage/microglia, but there were a few CD8-positive lymphocytes. There were no viral inclusions; viral antigens and RNA were localized only in the somata and processes of small numbers of neurons and in phagocytic cells. There was no evidence of virus in other CNS cells, peripheral nerves, dorsal root autonomic ganglia, or non-CNS organs. The results indicate that Enterovirus 71 is neuronotropic, and that, although hematogenous spread cannot be excluded, viral spread into the CNS could be via neural pathways, likely the motor but not peripheral sensory or autonomic pathways. Viral spread within the CNS seems to involve motor and possibly other pathways.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/etiology; Inflammation/virology*
  9. Fulltext Comparison of serum F2 isoprostane levels in diabetic patients and diabetic patients infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei
    Puthucheary SD, Nathan SA
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Feb;49(2):117-20.
    PMID: 18301838
    Oxidative stress can occur in sepsis and infection, when overproduction of free radicals is not countered by the host antioxidant system, leading to impairment of host cellular functions. Various disease states are accompanied by the accumulation of 15-F2t-IsoP in biological fluids. These isoprostanes are considered as markers of oxidative stress, and inflammation and inflammatory mediators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  10. Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of Channa striatus fillet aqueous and lipid-based extracts in rats
    Zakaria ZA, Kumar GH, Mat Jais AM, Sulaiman MR, Somchit MN
    Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2008 Jun;30(5):355-62.
    PMID: 18806894 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2008.30.5.1186084
    The present study was carried out to elucidate the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous and lipid-based extracts of Channa striatus fillet in rats. The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin test, and the antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities were assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Both types of extracts were prepared in concentrations of 10%, 50% and 100% by serial dilution in distilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, and were administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to each test. Except for the 10% aqueous extract which exhibits activity only in the early phase, the extracts were found to exhibit significant (P < 0.05) activity in the early and late phases of the formalin test. Furthermore, the aqueous and lipid-based extracts were also found to show significant (P < 0.05) antiinflammatory activity, with the former showing a greater effect at the lowest concentration used. The lipidbased, but not the aqueous, extract was found to have significant (P < 0.05) activity in the pyrexia test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that C. striatus extracts possess antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/chemically induced; Inflammation/prevention & control
  11. Current progress and challenges in ocular surface reconstruction using cultivated epithelial sheet transplantation
    Inatomi T, Nakamura T, Koizumi N, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:42.
    PMID: 19024975
    The cultivated epithelial transplantation is a new surgical modality for treating a variety of severe ocular surface disorders. This type of tissue-engineered epithelial sheet provides a rapid epithelial coverage on the corneal surface that reduces inflammation and postoperative complications. Although cultivated corneal epithelial transplantation is an effective surgical strategy, autologous transplantation is limited to unilateral cases. Autologous cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) enables surgeons to reconstruct the ocular surface using autologous, non-ocular surface cells, and has opened a new pathway for treating severe, bilateral ocular surface disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  12. Fulltext 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography and the "underground map" appearance in imaging Horton's arteritis
    Abdul Jalil N, Abdul Rahim N, Md Shalleh N, Rossetti C
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Jul;49(7):e178-82.
    PMID: 18695852
    A majority of the clinical use of positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) is related to cancer management. Its application in evaluating inflammatory diseases and pyrexia of unknown origin is becoming popular. We reviewed the fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT findings of an 80-year-old woman with nonspecific clinical presentation consisting of generalised malaise, moderately high fever and weight loss. Prior CT and magnetic resonance imaging were not helpful in providing a clinical diagnosis. The diagnosis was Horton's arteritis, and the patient responded well to high-dose steroids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  13. Fulltext Classifying asthma severity and treatment determinants: national guidelines revisited
    Khajotia R
    Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(3):131-6.
    PMID: 25606137 MyJurnal
    Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways manifested physiologically by a widespread narrowing of the air passages. Being an inflammatory disease of the airways, the most effective treatment available for the management of bronchial asthma are anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids. However, it is known that at higher dosage levels, even inhaled corticosteroids have harmful systemic side-effects. Hence, justification of use of high-dose of inhaled corticosteroids can only be made if patients with severe asthma can be accurately identified. For this precise reason, methods have been devised to categorize asthma severity through various National Asthma Management Guidelines. The present guidelines predominantly stress on symptoms and lung functions as the yardstick for determining the severity of asthma attacks and parameters determining airway inflammation have not yet been incorporated into them. However, these guidelines have proved to be fairly accurate in determining asthma severity and in guiding the treatment in these patients and all healthcare personnel are strongly advised to follow them. It is hoped that future guidelines may incorporate measures of inflammation as well, in order to further improve the diagnostic and treatment modalities in these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  14. Fulltext Bilateral Panuveitis in a Case of Ocular Sarcoidosis
    Payman, A.K., Tajunisah, I., Ahmad, F.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2008;7(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Glaucoma is a major cause of permanent visual loss in patients with sarcoid uveitis.In this case glaucoma occurred early in the course of the disease and IOP started to rise up after one month from the initial presentation. Uveitic glaucoma can be extremely difficult to treat; pilocarpine is not normally used in eyes with active inflammation. Patients with uveitis respond poorly to laser trabeculoplasty, and filtering procedures usually fail. Success of modified goniotomy, trabeculectomy and Molteno valve implantation were reported. More drastic therapy, such as cyclodestructive procedures, may be required in the most severe cases. In this case the challenge in preserving the vision. by keeping the balance between the need to control the inflammation and the necessity to avoid the treatment related complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  15. The oxidative stress of hyperglycemia and the inflammatory process in endothelial cells
    Muniandy S, Qvist R, Yan GO, Bee CJ, Chu YK, Rayappan AV
    J. Med. Invest., 2009 Feb;56(1-2):6-10.
    PMID: 19262007
    Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in many critically ill patients. Hyperglycemia increases the production of reactive oxygen species in cells, stimulates the production of the potent proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha, and enhances the expression of haem oxygenase-1, an inducible stress protein. It has been shown that administration of insulin and the semi-essential amino acid glutamine have been beneficial to the septic patient. The aim of our study is to test whether these two molecules, glutamine and insulin used in combination attenuate the proinflammatory responses in endothelial cells which have been triggered by hyperglycaemia. Our results demonstrate that a combination of insulin and glutamine are significantly more effective in reducing the expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha and HO-1 than insulin or glutamine alone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy; Inflammation/metabolism*
  16. Serum prohepcidin concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis
    Jayaranee S, Sthaneshwar P, Sokkalingam S
    Pathology, 2009 Feb;41(2):178-82.
    PMID: 18972320 DOI: 10.1080/00313020802436840
    AIM: Hepcidin, a recently identified peptide, acts as a central regulator of iron metabolism. It is regarded as a factor regulating the uptake of dietary iron and its mobilisation from macrophages and hepatic stores. It is considered as a mediator of anaemia of inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess whether serum prohepcidin concentration is able to distinguish iron deficiency from anaemia of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

    METHOD: Blood samples were obtained from 20 healthy blood donors, 30 RA patients who presented with anaemia and 30 patients who had pure iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). The samples were analysed for full blood count, iron, ferritin, transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor and prohepcidin.

    RESULTS: The mean prohepcidin level in the control subjects was 256 microg/L. The prohepcidin level was significantly lower in IDA patients (100 microg/L; p < 0.0001) but not significantly different from that of control in RA patients (250 microg/L; p > 0.05). Higher serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels were observed in IDA (p < 0.0001) but not in RA compared with that of control (p > 0.05). RA patients were divided into iron depleted and iron repleted subgroups based on the ferritin level. Prohepcidin in the iron depleted group was significantly lower than the iron repleted group and the control (p < 0.0001) and higher levels were observed in the iron repleted group (p < 0.01). sTfR levels in the iron depleted group were significantly higher than the control and the iron repleted patients (p < 0.001). In the iron repleted group, sTfR level was not statistically different from that of control (p > 0.05).

    CONCLUSION: Serum prohepcidin is clearly reduced in uncomplicated iron deficiency anaemia. The reduced prohepcidin levels in the iron depleted RA patients suggests that there may be conflicting signals regulating hepcidin production in RA patients. In RA patients who have reduced hepcidin in the iron depleted group (ferritin <60 microg/L) where sTfR levels are increased suggests that these patients are iron deficient. Further studies with a larger cohort of patients are required to substantiate this point.

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/blood*; Inflammation/complications; Inflammation/diagnosis
  17. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Solanum nigrum aqueous extract in animal models
    Zakaria ZA, Sulaiman MR, Morsid NA, Aris A, Zainal H, Pojan NH, et al.
    Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2009 Mar;31(2):81-8.
    PMID: 19455262 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2009.31.2.1353876
    The present study was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum leaves using various animal models. The extract, at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100%, was prepared by soaking (1:20; w/v) air-dried powdered leaves (20 g) in distilled water (dH2O) for 72 h. The extract solutions were administered subcutaneously in mice/rats 30 min prior to the tests. The extract exhibited significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive activity when assessed using the abdominal constriction, hot plate and formalin tests. The extract also produced significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities when assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Overall, these activities occurred in a concentration-dependent manner, except for the 50% concentration of the extract, which was not effective in the abdominal constriction test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that S. nigrum leaves possessed antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects and thus supported traditional claims of its medicinal uses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  18. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Alpinia conchigera Griff. leaves in various animal models
    Sulaiman MR, Zakaria ZA, Adilius M, Mohamad AS, Ismail M, Israf DA
    Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2009 May;31(4):241-7.
    PMID: 19557202 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2009.31.4.1371198
    The ethanolic extract of Alpinia conchigera Griff. leaves (EACL) was evaluated for its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in several in vivo experimental models. Antinociceptive activity was determined using the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test, the hot plate test and the formalin test. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. The extract (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg i.p.) was found to possess significant, dose-dependent inhibitory activity in all test models. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of the extract in the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests was reversed by naloxone, suggesting that this activity is mediated through activation of the opioid system. These findings suggest that EACL presents notable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, which support its folkloric use for painful and inflammatory conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  19. Modification of palm oil for anti-inflammatory nutraceutical properties
    Zainal Z, Longman AJ, Hurst S, Duggan K, Hughes CE, Caterson B, et al.
    Lipids, 2009 Jul;44(7):581-92.
    PMID: 19449050 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3304-8
    Palm oil is one of the most important edible oils in the world. Its composition (rich in palmitate and oleate) make it suitable for general food uses but its utility could be increased if its fatty acid quality could be varied. In this study, we have modified a palm olein fraction by transesterification with the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-linolenate or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Evaluation of the potential nutritional efficacy of the oils was made using chondrocyte culture systems which can be used to mimic many of the degenerative and inflammatory pathways involved in arthritis. On stimulation of such cultures with interleukin-1alpha, they showed increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2, the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1alpha and IL-1beta and the proteinase ADAMTS-4. This increased expression was not affected by challenge of the cultures with palm olein alone but showed concentration-dependent reduction by the modified oil in a manner similar to EPA. These results show clearly that it is possible to modify palm oil conveniently to produce a nutraceutical with effective anti-inflammatory properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
  20. Different inflammatory mechanisms in lungs of severe and mild asthma: crosstalk of NF-kappa-B, TGFbeta1, Bax, Bcl-2, IL-4 and IgE
    Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Abubakar F
    Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 2009;69(4):487-95.
    PMID: 19347746 DOI: 10.1080/00365510902749131
    To examine differences in the apoptotic, inflammatory, allergic and immunological features in the lungs of adults with asthma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/physiopathology*
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