Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 710 in total

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  1. Muthuraju S, Zakaria R, Karuppan MKM, Al-Rahbi B
    Biomed Res Int, 2020 03 05;2020:9231452.
    PMID: 32219147 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9231452
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/immunology; Inflammation/metabolism; Inflammation/pathology
  2. Wong KT, Tan CT, Lim T
    Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2023 Feb;33(1):225-233.
    PMID: 36404045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.018
    Radiology-pathology correlation is essential for multidisciplinary collaboration in diagnosis and understanding the mechanism of CNS damage in infectious processes. The microscopic acute inflammatory processes are well established and are supplemented by a variety of less-invasive microbial and immunohistochemical investigations. Understanding the pathogenesis of pathogen spread and neuroinvasion, vascular and immune-mediated brain, and spinal cord damage are essential for interpreting radiological images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  3. Loke P, Lim YAL
    Cell Host Microbe, 2016 10 12;20(4):417-419.
    PMID: 27736641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.09.016
    Gut commensals profoundly affect host immunity and intestinal homeostasis, but the impact of commensal eukaryotic protozoans is poorly understood. In a recent Cell paper, Chudnovskiy et al. (2016) identify a commensal protozoan, Tritrichomonas musculis, that can enhance anti-bacterial defenses, but at the cost of increasing intestinal inflammation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/immunology*
  4. Asif M, Yousaf HM, Saleem M, Hussain L, Mahrukh, Zarzour RA, et al.
    Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2022;23(5):728-739.
    PMID: 34225619 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210702120956
    BACKGROUND: Raphanus sativus is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

    OBJECTIVES: The current study was designed to explore the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties of Raphanus sativus seeds oil.

    METHODS: Cold press method was used for the extraction of oil (RsSO) and was characterised by using GC-MS techniques. Three in vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) were performed to explore the antioxidant potential of RsSO. Disc diffusion methods were used to study in vitro antimicrobial properties. In vivo anti-inflammatory properties were studied in both acute and chronic inflammation models. In vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay was performed to study antiangiogenic effects. Molecular mechanisms were identified using TNF-α ELISA kit and docking tools.

    RESULTS: GC-MS analysis of RsSO revealed the presence of hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acid. Findings of DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP models indicated relatively moderate radical scavenging properties of RsSO. Oil showed antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains tested. Data of inflammation models showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects of RsSO in both acute and chronic models. 500 mg/kg RsSO halted inflammation development significantly better (p < 0.05) as compared with lower doses. Histopathological evaluations of paws showed minimal infiltration of inflammatory cells in RsSO-treated animals. Findings of TNF-α ELSIA and docking studies showed that RsSO has the potential to down-regulate the expression of TNF-α, iNOS, ROS, and NF-κB respectively. Moreover, RsSO showed in vivo antiangiogenic effects.

    CONCLUSION: Data of the current study highlight that Raphanus sativus seeds oil has anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties and can be used as an adjunct to standard NSAIDs therapy which may reduce the dose and related side effects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  5. Rami AZA, Hamid AA, Anuar NNM, Aminuddin A, Ugusman A
    Mediators Inflamm, 2022;2022:2734321.
    PMID: 35177953 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2734321
    Initially thought to only provide mechanical support for the underlying blood vessels, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has now emerged as a regulator of vascular function. A healthy PVAT exerts anticontractile and anti-inflammatory actions on the underlying vasculature via the release of adipocytokines such as adiponectin, nitric oxide, and omentin. However, dysfunctional PVAT produces more proinflammatory adipocytokines such as leptin, resistin, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thus inducing an inflammatory response that contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the role of PVAT inflammation in the development of vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and hypertension was discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/pathology
  6. Maqbool M, Syed NH, Rossi-Fedele G, Shatriah I, Noorani TY
    Odontology, 2023 Jul;111(3):531-540.
    PMID: 36309897 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00762-0
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, 19-23 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by silencing or degrading the target mRNA gene. Since their discovery in the nineties of the last century, they have emerged as key inflammatory regulators. Inflammation induces the synthesis of various miRNAs that modulate the expression of multiple molecules involved in orchestrating the inflammatory response. This review aims to provide an insight into the role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers, mediators, and potential therapeutic targets of dental pulp inflammation. A literature search was conducted using the keywords; biogenesis of microRNA, human dental pulp cells, pulpitis, and inflammation in PubMed and Scopus index databases for all the published articles dealing with the role of miRNAs in pulp inflammation in the last 10 years. According to the literature, there is a clear correlation between miRNAs and several physiological events, as well as their role as mediators of innate immune response and inflammation in dental pulp cells. Our narrative review stipulates that numerous miRNAs play a key role in modulating inflammation, delaying or enhancing cell repair, cell differentiation, and survival in dental pulp diseases. However, further studies are required for the validation of miRNAs as reliable biomarkers in dental pulp pathology and their targeted therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/metabolism
  7. Hussain MS, Gupta G, Goyal A, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, et al.
    J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2023 Nov;37(11):e23482.
    PMID: 37530602 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23482
    Inflammation is an essential immune response that helps fight infections and heal tissues. However, chronic inflammation has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. This has increased interest in finding natural substances that can modulate the immune system inflammatory signaling pathways to prevent or treat these diseases. Luteolin is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects by altering signaling pathways in immune cells. This review article discusses the current research on luteolin's role as a natural immune system modulator of inflammatory signaling mechanisms, such as its effects on nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinases, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, and inflammasome signaling processes. The safety profile of luteolin and its potential therapeutic uses in conditions linked to inflammation are also discussed. Overall, the data point to Luteolin's intriguing potential as a natural regulator of immune system inflammatory signaling processes. More research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and possible therapeutic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  8. Khuda F, Baharin B, Anuar NNM, Satimin BSF, Nasruddin NS
    J Vet Dent, 2024 Jan;41(1):49-57.
    PMID: 37259505 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231178459
    Induction of periodontal disease using the rat model is the preferred model for human periodontal disease studies that are related to gene expression, mechanisms of inflammatory regulation, microbial and host responses, resolution, and the healing process. There are 3 methods that are frequently used to induce periodontal disease, which are: ligature application, oral bacterial inoculation, and the lipopolysaccharide injection technique. In the ligature model, sterile non-absorbable sutures or orthodontic wires are widely used to induce local irritation and bacterial plaque accumulation. Secondly, mono and mixed cultures of periodontal bacteria are inoculated orally by gavage or topical application. Lastly, lipopolysaccharide extracted from pathogenic bacteria can be directly injected into the gingival sulcus to induce inflammation and stimulate osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss. Among these methods, ligature application induces inflammation and alveolar bone resorption more promptly compared to other methods. This review will provide an overview of the main induction methods in experimental periodontal disease, with their advantages and disadvantages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/veterinary
  9. Yu L, Abd Ghani MK, Aghemo A, Barh D, Bassetti M, Catena F, et al.
    Curr Med Chem, 2023;30(39):4390-4408.
    PMID: 36998130 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230330092725
    The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has claimed millions of lives worldwide in the past two years. Fatalities among the elderly with underlying cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and diabetes have particularly been high. A bibliometrics analysis on author's keywords was carried out, and searched for possible links between various coronavirus studies over the past 50 years, and integrated them. We found keywords like immune system, immunity, nutrition, malnutrition, micronutrients, exercise, inflammation, and hyperinflammation were highly related to each other. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the human immune system is a multilevel super complex system, which employs multiple strategies to contain microorganism infections and restore homeostasis. It was also found that the behavior of the immune system is not able to be described by a single immunological theory. However, one main strategy is "self-destroy and rebuild", which consists of a series of inflammatory responses: 1) active self-destruction of damaged/dysfunctional somatic cells; 2) removal of debris and cells; 3) rebuilding tissues. Thus, invading microorganisms' clearance could be only a passive bystander response to this destroy-rebuild process. Microbial infections could be self-limiting and promoted as an indispensable essential nutrition for the vast number of genes existing in the microorganisms. The transient nutrition surge resulting from the degradation of the self-destroyed cell debris coupled with the existing nutrition state in the patient may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Finally, a few possible coping strategies to mitigate COVID-19, including vaccination, are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation
  10. SWEEDMAN KF
    Med J Malaya, 1960 Jun;14:232-41.
    PMID: 13774254
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation*
  11. Abdul Ghani MA, Ugusman A, Latip J, Zainalabidin S
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Mar 10;24(6).
    PMID: 36982410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065339
    One in every three deaths worldwide is caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), estimating a total of 17.9 million deaths annually. By 2030, it is expected that more than 24 million people will die from CVDs related complications. The most common CVDs are coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hypertension. A plethora of studies has shown inflammation causing both short-term and long-term damage to the tissues in many organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. In parallel to inflammation processes, it has been discovered that apoptosis, a mode of programmed cell death, may also contribute to CVD development due to the loss of cardiomyocytes. Terpenophenolic compounds are comprised of terpenes and natural phenols as secondary metabolites by plants and are commonly found in the genus Humulus and Cannabis. A growing body of evidence has shown that terpenophenolic compounds exhibit protective properties against inflammation and apoptosis within the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the current evidence elucidating the molecular actions of terpenophenolic compounds in protecting the cardiovascular system, i.e., bakuchiol, ferruginol, carnosic acid, carnosol, carvacrol, thymol and hinokitiol. The potential of these compounds is discussed as the new nutraceutical drugs that may help to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  12. Ansari JA, Malik JA, Ahmed S, Bhat FA, Khanam A, Mir SA, et al.
    Pharmacology, 2023;108(6):504-520.
    PMID: 37748454 DOI: 10.1159/000531802
    BACKGROUND: The development of breast cancer (BC) and how it responds to treatment have both been linked to the involvement of inflammation. Chronic inflammation is critical in carcinogenesis, leading to elevated DNA damage, impaired DNA repair machinery, cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion. Studies have found several targets that selectively modulate inflammation in cancer, limit BC's growth, and boost treatment effectiveness. Drug resistance and the absence of efficient therapeutics for metastatic and triple-negative BC contribute to the poor outlook of BC patients.

    SUMMARY: To treat BC, small-molecule inhibitors, phytomedicines, and nanoparticles are conjugated to attenuate BC signaling pathways. Due to their numerous target mechanisms and strong safety records, phytomedicines and nanomedicines have received much attention in studies examining their prospects as anti-BC agents by such unfulfilled demands.

    KEY MESSAGES: The processes involved in the affiliation across the progression of tumors and the spread of inflammation are highlighted in this review. Furthermore, we included many drugs now undergoing clinical trials that target cancer-mediated inflammatory pathways, cutting-edge nanotechnology-derived delivery systems, and a variety of phytomedicines that presently address BC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy
  13. Syed NH, Mussa A, Elmi AH, Jamal Al-Khreisat M, Ahmad Mohd Zain MR, Nurul AA
    Immunol Invest, 2024 Feb;53(2):185-209.
    PMID: 38095847 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2293095
    Inflammatory arthritis commonly initiates in the soft tissues lining the joint. This lining swells, as do the cells in it and inside the joint fluid, producing chemicals that induce inflammation signs such as heat, redness, and swelling. MicroRNA (miRNA), a subset of non-coding small RNA molecules, post-transcriptionally controls gene expression by targeting their messenger RNA. MiRNAs modulate approximately 1/3 of the human genome with their multiple targets. Recently, they have been extensively studied as key modulators of the innate and adaptive immune systems in diseases such as allergic disorders, types of cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. However, research on the different inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, Lyme disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis, remains in its infancy. This review presents a deeper understanding of miRNA biogenesis and the functions of miRNAs in modulating the immune and inflammatory responses in the above-mentioned inflammatory joint diseases. According to the literature, it has been demonstrated that the development of inflammatory joint disorders is closely related to different miRNAs and their specific regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, they may present as possible prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for all diseases and may help in developing a therapeutic response. However, further studies are needed to determine whether manipulating miRNAs can influence the development and progression of inflammatory joint disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/genetics
  14. Ariffin H
    Br J Haematol, 2024 Nov;205(5):1679-1680.
    PMID: 39267309 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19773
    Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) that occurs concomitantly with leukaemia can be initially missed due to overlapping clinical features. In a series of three cases, Tanabe and colleagues illustrate the need for prompt recognition of HLH and institution of HLH-directed therapy to prevent hyperinflammation-mediated multi-organ damage and death. Commentary on: Tanabe et al. Paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis develops during prednisolone prephase. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:2031-2035.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation*
  15. Islam MA, Kamal MA, Md Zulfiker AH, Gan SH
    Curr Pharm Des, 2019;25(27):2907-2908.
    PMID: 31621552 DOI: 10.2174/138161282527191007151037
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/physiopathology; Inflammation/therapy
  16. Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Piperi C, Balasubramaniam VRMT, Othman I, Shaikh MF
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2019 Sep 05;858:172487.
    PMID: 31229535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172487
    High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous protein, released passively by necrotic tissues or secreted actively by stressed cells. Extracellular HMGB1 is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule which generates different redox types through binding with several receptors and signalling molecules, aggravating a range of cellular responses, including inflammation. HMGB1 is reported to participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, through the interaction with pivotal transmembrane receptors, including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4). This review aims to highlight the role of HMGB1 in the innate inflammatory response describing its interaction with several cofactors and receptors that coordinate its downstream effects. Novel and underexplored HMGB1 binding molecules that have been actively involved in HMGB1-mediated inflammatory diseases/conditions with therapeutic potential are further discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/metabolism; Inflammation/pathology
  17. Wan Afifudeen CL, Teh KY, Cha TS
    Mol Biol Rep, 2022 Feb;49(2):1475-1490.
    PMID: 34751914 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06903-y
    In viral respiratory infections, disrupted pathophysiological outcomes have been attributed to hyper-activated and unresolved inflammation responses of the immune system. Integration between available drugs and natural therapeutics have reported benefits in relieving inflammation-related physiological outcomes and microalgae may be a feasible source from which to draw from against future coronavirus-infections. Microalgae represent a large and diverse source of chemically functional compounds such as carotenoids and lipids that possess various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore in this paper, some implicated pathways causing inflammation in viral respiratory infections are discussed and juxtaposed along with available research done on several microalgal metabolites. Additionally, the therapeutic properties of some known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulating compounds sourced from microalgae are reported for added clarity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/drug therapy; Inflammation/metabolism
  18. Szakmany T, Fitzgerald E, Garlant HN, Whitehouse T, Molnar T, Shah S, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2023;14:1308530.
    PMID: 38332914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308530
    INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis of sepsis and discrimination from SIRS is crucial for clinicians to provide appropriate care, management and treatment to critically ill patients. We describe identification of mRNA biomarkers from peripheral blood leukocytes, able to identify severe, systemic inflammation (irrespective of origin) and differentiate Sepsis from SIRS, in adult patients within a multi-center clinical study.

    METHODS: Participants were recruited in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) from multiple UK hospitals, including fifty-nine patients with abdominal sepsis, eighty-four patients with pulmonary sepsis, forty-two SIRS patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OOHCA), sampled at four time points, in addition to thirty healthy control donors. Multiple clinical parameters were measured, including SOFA score, with many differences observed between SIRS and sepsis groups. Differential gene expression analyses were performed using microarray hybridization and data analyzed using a combination of parametric and non-parametric statistical tools.

    RESULTS: Nineteen high-performance, differentially expressed mRNA biomarkers were identified between control and combined SIRS/Sepsis groups (FC>20.0, p<0.05), termed 'indicators of inflammation' (I°I), including CD177, FAM20A and OLAH. Best-performing minimal signatures e.g. FAM20A/OLAH showed good accuracy for determination of severe, systemic inflammation (AUC>0.99). Twenty entities, termed 'SIRS or Sepsis' (S°S) biomarkers, were differentially expressed between sepsis and SIRS (FC>2·0, p-value<0.05).

    DISCUSSION: The best performing signature for discriminating sepsis from SIRS was CMTM5/CETP/PLA2G7/MIA/MPP3 (AUC=0.9758). The I°I and S°S signatures performed variably in other independent gene expression datasets, this may be due to technical variation in the study/assay platform.

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/diagnosis; Inflammation/genetics
  19. Attiq A, Afzal S, Ahmad W, Kandeel M
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2024 Mar 05;966:176338.
    PMID: 38242225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176338
    Inflammation drives coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis implications. Lipoprotein entry, retention, and oxidative modification cause endothelial damage, triggering innate and adaptive immune responses. Recruited immune cells orchestrate the early atherosclerotic lesions by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, expediting the foam cell formation, intraplaque haemorrhage, secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes, and lesion progression, eventually promoting coronary artery syndrome via various inflammatory cascades. In addition, soluble mediators disrupt the dynamic anti- and prothrombotic balance maintained by endothelial cells and pave the way for coronary artery disease such as angina pectoris. Recent studies have established a relationship between elevated levels of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) with the severity of CAD and the possibility of future cardiovascular events. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker for assessing systemic inflammation and predicting the risk of developing CAD based on its peak plasma levels. Hence, understanding cross-talk interactions of inflammation, atherogenesis, and CAD is highly warranted to recalculate the risk factors that activate and propagate arterial lesions and devise therapeutic strategies accordingly. Cholesterol-inflammation lowering agents (statins), monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-1 and IL-6 (canakinumab and tocilizumab), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (methotrexate), sodium-glucose transport protein-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, colchicine and xanthene oxidase inhibitor (allopurinol) have shown promising results in reducing inflammation, regressing atherogenic plaque and modifying the course of CAD. Here, we review the complex interplay between inflammatory, endothelial, smooth muscle and foam cells. Moreover, the putative role of inflammation in atherosclerotic CAD, underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications are also discussed herein.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/complications; Inflammation/drug therapy
  20. Md Pisar M, Chee BJ, Long I, Osman A
    Ann Med, 2023 Dec;55(1):2224970.
    PMID: 37318144 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2224970
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae) is a renowned medicinal plant being used in the Ayurvedic system for its pharmacological effects on the central nervous system such as rejuvenating, sedative, anxiolytic and memory-enhancing properties. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Centella asiatica (CA) extract on inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and resulting changes in cognitive behavior.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups as control, LPS, CA and LPS + CA. The treatments with LPS (5 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected on day 4 and CA ethanol extract (200 mg/kg) were given orally for 14 days. Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed to assess spatial learning and memory performance. Acute oral toxicity of the extract at the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg was also conducted.

    RESULTS: Single administration of LPS was able to significantly elicit learning and memory impairment (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/chemically induced; Inflammation/drug therapy
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