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Fulltext Strategies and Future Opportunities for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cow Milk Allergy

Zepeda-Ortega B, Goh A, Xepapadaki P, Sprikkelman A, Nicolaou N, Hernandez REH, et al.

Front Immunol, 2021;12:608372.
PMID: 34177882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.608372

The prevalence of food allergy has increased over the last 20-30 years, including cow milk allergy (CMA) which is one of the most common causes of infant food allergy. International allergy experts met in 2019 to discuss broad topics in allergy prevention and management of CMA including current challenges and future opportunities. The highlights of the meeting combined with recently published developments are presented here. Primary prevention of CMA should start from pre-pregnancy with a focus on a healthy lifestyle and food diversity to ensure adequate transfer of inhibitory IgG- allergen immune complexes across the placenta especially in mothers with a history of allergic diseases and planned c-section delivery. For non-breastfed infants, there is controversy about the preventive role of partially hydrolyzed formulae (pHF) despite some evidence of health economic benefits among those with a family history of allergy. Clinical management of CMA consists of secondary prevention with a focus on the development of early oral tolerance. The use of extensive Hydrolysate Formulae (eHF) is the nutrition of choice for the majority of non-breastfed infants with CMA; potentially with pre-, probiotics and LCPUFA to support early oral tolerance induction. Future opportunities are, among others, pre- and probiotics supplementation for mothers and high-risk infants for the primary prevention of CMA. A controlled prospective study implementing a step-down milk formulae ladder with various degrees of hydrolysate is proposed for food challenges and early development of oral tolerance. This provides a more precise gradation of milk protein exposure than those currently recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk Hypersensitivity/diagnosis*; Milk Hypersensitivity/therapy
Effects of temperature abuse on the survival, growth, and inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium in goat milk

Migeemanathan S, Bhat R, Min-Tze L, Wan-Abdullah WN

Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2011 Nov;8(11):1235-40.
PMID: 21819211 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0945

The growth and survival of Salmonella typhimurium in goat milk samples at different shifting temperatures were evaluated. The growth of S. typhimurium at lower temperatures (5°C, 10°C, and 15°C) exhibited bacteriostatic effects in milk, whereas at ambient temperature (25°C) and at 45°C, this pathogen luxuriantly grew throughout the 12-h stationary phase. At 50°C this pathogen was found to be thermotolerant and could still thrive in the milk. Overall, shifting temperatures from 37°C to 55°C and 60°C clearly indicated S. typhimurium to have reached complete elimination. The results demonstrated that the adaptation and survival of this pathogen directly depend on temperature stress. It is expected that the results will be useful to dairy industries for implementation of good manufacturing practices with a better hazard analysis critical control point approach to predict the microbial risk assessment and also benefit the consumers.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk/microbiology*
Fulltext Lifestyle intervention improved nutritional knowledge, dietary composition and health status of midlife Malaysian women

Noor-Aini, M.Y., Pon, L.W., Ong, F.B., Adeeb, N., Seri, S.S., Shamsuddin, K., et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2006;12(2):125-146.
MyJurnal

Lifestyle has been shown to exert a major impact on the quality of life and health in mid-life women coping with menopausal changes. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a lifestyle intervention package in improving nutritional knowledge and composition, dietary habits and related health status in mid-life women. Between Nov 1999 to Oct 2001, 360 disease free women, non users of HRT, aged 45 years and above with intact uterus were recruited into the study. The women were randomised into three groups - I (control), II (lifestyle intervention) and III (lifestyle intervention with HRT) respectively. After 12 months, 85.6% completed the study. The lifestyle intervention programme, well accepted by the participants, brought about an improved dietary composition, better eating habits, more exercise participation and increment in knowledge with concomitant improvement of the health status. The benefits observed were significant reduction in energy, fat and carbohydrate intake with increased intake of legumes; milk and cheese/yogurt; and reduction of tea and coffee. Body weight was reduced and more importantly preventing abdominal obesity in the intervention groups with HRT was more effective. Further adaptations of the dietary component with advice on obtaining micronutrients from local produce would contribute towards a more balanced diet in midlife women as dairy products were not popular and these women had low meat intake.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Analysis of biofilms formation by cronobacter sp. During growth in infant formula milk

Aishah Faiqah Mohd Yusof, Prabhakaran P, Nur Diyana Azli, Norrakiah Abdullah Sani, Wan Syaidatul Aqma

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:903-908.

Pacifier nipples are in permanent contact with saliva and with the oral microflora therefore, act as a favoured site for the growth of biofilms. This research was conducted to identify the bacterial biofilms that has been found on the pacifiers that collected from local child nursery and to analyse the formation of biofilms by Cronobacter sp. during growth in infant formula milk. Pacifiers collected were analysed to obtain colony forming unit (CFU) and isolated bacteria were identified using several biochemical tests according to Bergey's Manual. Biofilm assay of three Cronobacter sp. were conducted using 24 wells microtiter plate and stained with 1% of crystal violet solution at different time interval: 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. The hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell suspension was evaluated using bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH) method. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) analysis was done to identify percentage of carbohydrate and protein content by using phenol sulphuric acid method and Bradford method, respectively. The results obtained showed that the normal microflora bacteria were the most abundant microorganisms that were found on the pacifier with the main genus isolated was Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae sp. and Clostridium sp. Based on biofilm and EPS analysis, Cronobacter sakazakii formed a strong biofilms after 18 h, with carbohydrate was identified as main component of EPS.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) addition on the nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of herbal seasoning

Wan Rosli, W.l.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(1):262-268.
MyJurnal

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajorcaju,
PSC) addition to partially replace coconut milk powder on nutritional composition and
sensory values of Herbal Seasoning (HS). This study evaluates the nutritional composition,
dietary fibre and sensory acceptance of HS that processed using six different formulations
with different levels of PSC powder, namely 0% (A), 20% (B), 40% (C), 60% (D), 80% (E)
and 100% (F). The use of PSC powder substantially brought down the fat content of HS.
The fat content of PSC-based HS was ranged from 13.82±0.84% to 8.16±0.74%. The protein
content showed an increasing trend in line with increasing of PSC powder ranging from 7%
to 12%.Substitution of coconut milk powder with PSC powder resulted in significantly higher
(p0.05).The panels preferred HS formulated with PSC powder since its
enhance colour and viscosity attributes of the products. In brief, HS formulated with more than
40% PSC powder is recommended since it has significant nutrients and palatably accepted by
sensorial panellists.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Physical, rheological and textural characterization of herbal seasoning enriched with oyster mushroom (pleurotus sajor-caju) powder

Saiful Bahri, S., Wan Rosli, W. l.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1445-1452.
MyJurnal

The influence of oyster mushroom (pleurotus sajor-caju, PSC) powder on the physical
properties of herbal seasoning (HS) was investigated. The pH, total solid, viscosity, rheology
and texture of semi solid HS containing different PSC powder level (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%,
8%, 100% w/w) of coconut milk powder were measured. The pH of the products were in the
range of 4.05 - 4.15. Rheological behavior was characterized by oscillatory rheometry. Stress
sweep, frequency sweep and steady stress experiments were conducted to study the behavior
of the products. The products showed non Newtonian characteristic or shear thinning. All
samples were G’> G’’ showed the gel like network. In addition, the back extrusion rig texture
analysis showed the correlation among the samples were also studied. Total substitution of PSC
powder (100% w/w) in the formulation resulted more viscous product and the combination
of the coconut milk powder and PSC powder showed the best spreadability and flow to the
product characteristics. No added PSC powder (0% w/w) showed the least viscous products
and the less moduli among the samples studied. The present study suggested the incorporation
of more than 40% PSC powder to replace coconut milk powder give better flowability and not
affect the viscosity of the products.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Microbiological quality evaluation of goat milk collected from smallscale dairy farms in Penang Island, Malaysia

Suguna, M., Rajeev Bhat, Wan Nadiah, W. A.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):1241-1245.
MyJurnal

Microbiological qualities of fresh goat milk collected from two selected, popular dairy farms in Penang Island, Malaysia were evaluated, as a measure of food safety. Milk samples were screened for total plate counts, yeast and mould counts, psychrotrophic counts, Staphylococcus aureus, presumptive Escherichia coli, Coliforms and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which were in the range of (mean values) 4.2- 4.5, 4.2- 4.6, 3.1- 4.3, 2.7- 3.2, < 2- 4.6, 2.2- 4.0 and 4.1- 4.8 log CFU/ml, respectively in the two farms. Milk samples were also screened for the presence of selected foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. Results
showed the presence of only Salmonella sp. (at 2.9 log CFU/ml) with the absence of Listeria monocytogenes. The outcome of this study assumes importance as the presence of microbial contaminants amounts indicates poor milk quality, which requires immediate consideration as it can pose serious health risk to consumers.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Dietary intakes and obesity of Malaysian adults

Lee YY, Wan Muda WAM

Nutr Res Pract, 2019 Apr;13(2):159-168.
PMID: 30984360 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.2.159

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Over the past few decades, Malaysia has been experiencing an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity that threatens the health of Malaysians. Poor dietary intake is one of the major contributors to the development of obesity and many non-communicable diseases. The dietary intakes of adults in Malaysia were assessed to determine the association between the dietary intake variables and the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) measurements. This study examined whether the dietary intake achieved the recommended nutritional guidelines and compared the intakes between both sexes.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The height, weight, and WC of four-hundred-and-ninety adults (n = 490) in Malaysia were measured using standard procedures. The three-day 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted on 422 out of the 490 adults and their dietary intakes were evaluated in detail. The selected dietary intake variables were used to determine the associations with the obesity indicators.
RESULTS: Among the participants, 52.8% were overweight or obese. After data analysis, the mean energy intake was 1,550 kcal/day, in which male participants had a significantly higher energy and macronutrients intake than females. Protein consumption and its percentage of energy contribution exceeded the recommended range. The consumption of fruits, vegetables, and milk and milk products were lower than the recommended number of servings for a healthy diet. The male participants consumed significantly more servings of carbohydrate-based foods, meat, and fats, oils, and sweets than females. Among the selected dietary intake variables, only the carbohydrate intake was negatively associated with the BMI (Estimate b = -0.008) and WC measurements (Estimate b = -0.019) after adjusting for covariates.
CONCLUSIONS: This study evaluated the dietary intakes of a sample of Malaysian adults and its association with the obesity indicators. The results highlight the need for improvements and modifications of the dietary intake of Malaysians to reduce the overweight and obesity rates.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext In vivo anticlastogenic effect of silymarin from milk thistle Silybum marianum L

Anwar S, Madkor HR, Ahmed N, Wagih ME

Indian J Pharmacol, 2018 9 1;50(3):108-115.
PMID: 30166747 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_660_16

OBJECTIVE: Silymarin, extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum L. (Milk thistle), is traditionally used for treating various illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and renal problems. Acute cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies have been reported with ambiguous outcomes; however, its relevant anticlastogenic potential is not yet evaluated. This study was aimed to evaluate in vivo subacute anticlastogenic properties of silymarin to validate its use as a medicinal agent.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Silymarin was isolated from seeds of milk thistle. Various genotoxicity bioassays of silymarin were performed using mice. First, the bone marrow cell proliferation was estimated by calculating mitotic index. Second, the chromosomal abnormalities in mice bone marrow cells were studied. Third, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPE) test and in vivo activation of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were carried out in mice bone marrow cells. Finally, primary spermatocytes were analyzed to estimate genotoxic effect of silymarin on germ cells.
RESULTS: We found that silymarin is capable of inducing a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in cell proliferation of bone marrow cells. There is no increase in chromosomal aberrations following silymarin treatments. Results clearly showed that it significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased the MPE. Likewise, it was found to be a negative inducer of SCEs. It decreased in total abnormal metaphase, SCEs, MPE, and aberrant diakinesis.
CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that silymarin has a strong anticlastogenic activity upon mice genome in somatic and germ cells, indicating its safe use as a medicinal substance. Furthermore, it is not only safe but also has protective effect from clastogens.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk Thistle/chemistry*
Fulltext The importance of breastfeeding in rotaviral diarrhoeas

Prameela KK, Vijaya LR

Malays J Nutr, 2012 Apr;18(1):103-11.
PMID: 23713234 MyJurnal

Globally, rotaviral vaccines in use today have contributed to the reduction of the incidence of rotaviral diarrhoeas. Despite the substantial protection conferred by the current vaccines against the rotaviral strains, it is only prudent to recognise that other protective factors, like breastfeeding, also provide some degree of protection against this disease. This article has attempted to review some important mechanisms of protection in breast milk against the rotaviruses and highlight the oft forgotten non-immunoglobulin fraction in breast milk as an additional tool of protection against rotavirus disease. The adaptive capacity of breast milk to environment is another compelling reason to continue breastfeeding as it can usefully complement and be significant in the use of many vaccines. Vital immunoprotective constituents in breast milk beneficially protect the infant by initiating and strengthening many immune responses and should be borne in mind as essential tools of defence even in an era where vaccines play a pivotal role in the combat against certain diseases. It is impressive that besides nutritive advantages, the suckling infant enjoys appreciable immunoprotection via exclusive breastfeeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human/immunology; Milk, Human/chemistry
Fulltext Fructans in the first 1000 days of life and beyond, and for pregnancy

Firmansyah A, Chongviriyaphan N, Dillon DH, Khan NC, Morita T, Tontisirin K, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2016 Dec;25(4):652-675.
PMID: 27702710 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.092016.02

Inulin-based prebiotics are non-digestible polysaccharides that influence the composition of the gut microbiota in infants and children, notably eliciting a bifidogenic effect with high short chain fatty acid levels. Inulin, a generic term that comprises β-(2,1)-linked linear fructans, is typically isolated from the chicory plant root, and derivatives such as oligofructose and long chain inulin appear to have different physiological properties. The first 1000 days of a child's life are increasingly recognized as a critical timeframe for health also into adulthood, whereby nutrition plays a key role. There is an ever increasing association between nutrition and gut microbiota composition and development, with life health status of an individual. This review summarizes the latest knowledge in the infant gut microbiota from preterms to healthy newborns, as well as in malnourished children in developing countries. The impact of inulin or mixtures thereof on infants, toddlers and young children with respect to intestinal function and immunity in general, is reviewed. Possible benefits of prebiotics to support the gut microbiome of malnourished infants and children, especially those with infections in the developing world, are considered, as well as for the pregnant mothers health. Importantly, novel insights in metabolic programming are covered, which are being increasing recognized for remarkable impact on long term offspring health, and eventual potential beneficial role of prebiotic inulins. Overall increasing findings prompt the potential for gut microbiota-based therapy to support health or prevent the development of certain diseases from conception to adulthood where inulin prebiotics may play a role.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human
Recent Advances on Antimicrobial Peptides from Milk: Molecular Properties, Mechanisms, and Applications

Wang Z, Xu J, Zeng X, Du Q, Lan H, Zhang J, et al.

J Agric Food Chem, 2024 Jan 10;72(1):80-93.
PMID: 38152984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07217

Traditional antibiotics are facing a tremendous challenge due to increased antimicrobial resistance; hence, there is an urgent need to find novel antibiotic alternatives. Milk protein-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are currently attracting substantial attention considering that they showcase an extensive spectrum of antimicrobial activities, with slower development of antimicrobial resistance and safety of raw materials. This review summarizes the molecular properties, and activity mechanisms and highlights the applications and limitations of AMPs derived from milk proteins comprehensively. Also the analytical technologies, especially bioinformatics methodologies, applied in the process of screening, identification, and mechanism illustration of AMPs were underlined. This review will give some ideas for further research and broadening of the applications of milk protein-derived AMPs in the food field.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk Proteins
Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for α-Casein Detection Using Surface Plasmon Resonance as a Milk Allergen Sensor

Ashley J, Shukor Y, D'Aurelio R, Trinh L, Rodgers TL, Temblay J, et al.

ACS Sens, 2018 02 23;3(2):418-424.
PMID: 29333852 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00850

Food recalls due to undeclared allergens or contamination are costly to the food manufacturing industry worldwide. As the industry strives for better manufacturing efficiencies over a diverse range of food products, there is a need for the development of new analytical techniques to improve monitoring of the presence of unintended food allergens during the food manufacturing process. In particular, the monitoring of wash samples from cleaning in place systems (CIP), used in the cleaning of food processing equipment, would allow for the effective removal of allergen containing ingredients in between food batches. Casein proteins constitute the biggest group of proteins in milk and hence are the most common milk protein allergen in food ingredients. As such, these proteins could present an ideal analyte for cleaning validation. In this work, molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) with high affinity toward bovine α-casein were synthesized using a solid-phase imprinting method. The nanoMIPs were then characterized and incorporated into label free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensor. The nanoMIPs demonstrated good binding affinity and selectivity toward α-casein (KD ∼ 10 × 10-9 M). This simple affinity sensor demonstrated the quantitative detection of α-casein achieving a detection limit of 127 ± 97.6 ng mL-1 (0.127 ppm) which is far superior to existing commercially available ELISA kits. Recoveries from spiked CIP wastewater samples were within the acceptable range (87-120%). The reported sensor could allow food manufacturers to adequately monitor and manage food allergen risk in food processing environments while ensuring that the food produced is safe for the consumer.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk/chemistry*
Fulltext Experiences of women who underwent induced lactation: A literature review

Mohd Hassan S, Sulaiman Z, Tengku Ismail TA

Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Mar 25;16(1):18-30.
PMID: 33948139 DOI: 10.51866/rv0997

Objective: This article aims to review the literature published over the past five decades related to the experiences of women who have undergone induced lactation.
Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using PubMed, the Library of Congress, Google Scholar, SAGE, and ScienceDirect. The following search keywords were used: adoptive breastfeeding, induced lactation, non-puerperal lactation, extraordinary breastfeeding, and milk kinship. The search was restricted to articles written in English and published from 1956 to 2019. All study designs were included except for practice protocols.
Results: A total of 50 articles about induced lactation were retrieved. Of these, 17 articles identified the experiences of women who underwent induced lactation. The articles included original papers (n=7), reviews (n=5), and case reports (n=5). Four articles were specifically related to Malaysia, and the others were international. These 17 articles concerning the experiences of women who induced lactation will be reviewed based on four themes related to inducing lactation: (a) understanding women's perception of satisfaction, (b) emotional aspects, (c) enabling factors, and (d) challenges.
Conclusion: Identifying a total of only 17 articles on induced lactation published over the last 53 years suggests that the subject is understudied. This review provides emerging knowledge regarding the experiences of women who have induced lactation in terms of satisfaction, emotions, enabling factors and challenges related to inducing lactation.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women

Jahanfar S, Ng CJ, Teng CL

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009 Jan 21.
PMID: 19160255 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005458.pub2

BACKGROUND: Mastitis can be caused by ineffective positioning of the baby at the breast or restricted feeding. Infective mastitis is commonly caused by Staphylococcus Aureus. Incidence of mastitis in breastfeeding women may reach 33%. Effective milk removal, pain medication and antibiotic therapy have been the mainstays of treatment.

OBJECTIVES: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of antibiotic therapies in relieving symptoms for breastfeeding women with mastitis with or without laboratory investigation.

SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (December 2007), the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 4), MEDLINE (1996 to 2007) and EMBASE (January 1985 to 2007). We contacted investigators and other content experts known to us for unpublished trials and scanned the reference lists of retrieved articles

SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized and quasi-randomized clinical trials comparing the effectiveness of various types of antibiotic therapies or antibiotic therapy versus alternative therapies for the treatment of mastitis were selected.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. When in dispute, we consulted a third author.

MAIN RESULTS: Two trials met the inclusion criteria. One small trial (n = 25) compared amoxicillin with cephradine and found no significant difference between the two antibiotics in terms of symptom relief and abscess formation. Another, older study compared breast emptying alone as "supportive therapy" versus antibiotic therapy plus supportive therapy, and no therapy. The findings of the latter study suggested faster clearance of symptoms for women using antibiotics, although the study design was problematic.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to confirm or refute the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of lactational mastitis. There is an urgent need to conduct high-quality, double-blinded randomized clinical trials to determine whether antibiotics should be used in this common postpartum condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human/metabolism
Fulltext Thermal inactivation of lipoxygenase in soya bean using superheated steam to produce low beany flavour soya milk

Chong WK, Mah SY, Easa AM, Tan TC

J Food Sci Technol, 2019 Sep;56(9):4371-4379.
PMID: 31478006 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03905-4

Time and temperature parameters of superheated steam (SHS) treatment were optimised using response surface methodology (RSM) for specific lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in soya beans and crude protein content in soya milk. The optimal SHS treatment was obtained at 9.3 min and 119 °C. The predicted values of specific LOX activity and crude protein content by RSM were 0.0098 μmol/(min mg protein) and 3.2%, respectively. These values were experimentally verified to be 0.0081 ± 0.0002 μmol/(min mg protein) and 3.0 ± 0.1%, respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that the beany flavour of soya milk produced from SHS treated soya beans was significantly weaker (P milk significantly (P milk complied with Malaysian Food Regulations 1985.

Matched MeSH terms: Soy Milk
Fulltext Prevalence of Ectoparasitism on Small Ruminants in Kelantan, Malaysia

Syamsul VS, Okene IA, Yahya SNC, Hamdan RH, Lee SH, Tan LP

Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Apr;31(1):45-56.
PMID: 32963710 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.1.3

Kelantan is a chiefly agrarian state with abundant small-holder ruminant farms in the East Coast economic Region of Malaysia. Ectoparasitism affects small ruminant production in Malaysia. It often causes reduction in meat quality and milk production which affect the farmers' income. To date, no report for the prevalence of ectoparasitism on small ruminant in Kelantan compared to other state in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factor of ruminant ectoparasitism in Kelantan. Ectoparasites were collected by manual picking and skin scrapping from 462 sheep and goats in Kelantan between April and September 2017 (during dry season). 60% of the sampled animals were infested with at least one species of the ectoparasites. In this study, lice and ticks were the most prevalent ectoparasites on small ruminant, which were 43.64% and 22.98%, respectively. The high biotic potential of lice population on host might be one of the factors they become the most prevalent species found on the animals. There was no significant relationship between ectoparasitism prevalence and species of small ruminants (χ2 = 1.12, p = 0.293). However, there was significant variations in prevalence between the regions where the animals were sampled from (χ2 = 30.25, p = 0.002) and farm management system for both species. This present study provides baseline epidemiological data on the prevalence of ectoparasitism in small ruminant. This information is useful for the formulation of prevention and control measures in order to enhance ruminant productivity in Kelantan.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from Malaysian foods and assessment of the isolates for industrial potential

Mohd Adnan AF, Tan IK

Bioresour Technol, 2007 May;98(7):1380-5.
PMID: 16872826

Two traditional fermented food 'tapai' (fermented tapioca) and 'tempoyak' (fermented durian flesh), chilli puree and fresh goat's milk were used as sources for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). A total of 126 isolates were obtained and by sequential screening for catalase activity and Gram-staining, 55 were determined to be LAB out of which 16 were established to be homofermentative by the gel plug test. Seven isolates were identified by use of the API 50CHL kit and two lactobacilli strains and one lactococci strain were selected to study their growth and lactic acid production profiles in a time course experiment. The lactobacilli strains, both isolated from 'tapai', produced higher amounts of cells and lactic acid from glucose as compared to the lactococci strain isolated from fresh goat's milk.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk/microbiology
Fulltext Acne vulgaris and its association with dietary intake: a Malaysian perspective

Suppiah TSS, Sundram TKM, Tan ESS, Lee CK, Bustami NA, Tan CK

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2018 10 3;27(5):1141-1145.
PMID: 30272862 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.072018.01

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition among adolescents and young adults. Its relationship with the dietary intake is highly debatable and equivocal. This study aimed to identify the association between acne vulgaris and dietary intake among Malaysians.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study was conducted involving 57 acne vulgaris patients and 57 age-, gender- and ethnicity-matched controls. All participants were aged 14 and above. The Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS) was used to categorise patients (grades 2 to 5) and controls (grades 0 to 1). Information such as the demographics, family history, smoking habits and dietary intake were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.
RESULTS: In the patient arm, the gender ratio of male to female was 1.5:1. 43 patients (75.4%) had a family history of acne vulgaris. No significant association was found for acne in patients with a history of smoking. Milk consumption was significantly higher in patients (63.2%, n=36) versus controls (43.9%, n=25), (OR=2.19, p<0.05). In addition, chocolate consumption was also significantly higher in patients (43.9%, n=25) versus controls (24.6%, n=14), (OR=2.4, p<0.05). No significant association was found with the intakes of sweets, potatoes, chips, nuts, yoghurt, ice-cream or carbonated drinks.
CONCLUSIONS: Dietary intake of milk and chocolate may play a role in acne vulgaris. Prospective cohort and intervention studies are recommended to explore whether a causal relationship might obtain.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Effects of feeding fat during pregnancy and lactation on growth performance, milk composition and very low density lipoprotein composition in rats

Loh, Teck Chwen, Foo, Hooi Ling, Zurina Abdul Wahab, Tan Bee Koon

Malays J Nutr, 2002;8(2):125-135.
MyJurnal

The effects of dietary fat during pregnancy and lactation on growth performance of pups, milk composition and very low density lipoprotein composition in rats were studied. A total of 33 dams were used in this study and each litter was adjusted to 8 pups per dam. The dams were fed on high fat (150 g fat/kg diet, HF), medium fat (75 g fat/kg of diet, MF) and low fat (2.5 g fat/kg diet, LF) diets. The body weights of dams increased during pregnancy and decreased after pregnancy. The HF pups had a higher body weight and higher weight gain than those of LF pups. The amount of feed intake of HF dams was significantly higher than LF and MF dams. The HF dams had significantly higher milk fat and water concentrations than LF dams. The milk protein was not significantly different among the treatment groups. All dams showed hypertriacylglycerolaemia in their very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in late pregnancy. The VLDL-protein concentrations increased during the first week after parturition. The HF dams showed a greater response to the dietary fat than that of LF and MF dams. The findings suggest that addition of fat in the diet during pregnancy and lactation may improve the milk quality through modifying the composition of VLDL contents, leading to better growth of pups.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk; Milk Proteins

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