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Fulltext Anthropometrics evaluation of children between genders

Hanani Yuhaniz, Asnawi Seraila, Siti Rafedah Abdul Karim, Suhaimi Muhammed, Abdul Hamid Saleh

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(101):22-25.
MyJurnal

In developing ergonomically sound furniture, there is a need in evaluating anthropometrics from various aspect such as gender differences. The objectives of this study was to evaluate anthropometrics differences between genders of children in Malaysia in order to determine the need in having specified chairs for each gender. Represented by four states in Malaysia, a total of 2400 children were involved in the study. A custom made measurer and an anthropometer were used to measure the subjects. Six body measurements, which are, sitting shoulder height, sitting subscapular height, shoulder breadth, buttock popliteal length, popliteal height and hip width were documented for evaluation. From this study, there were some significant differences on some body parts while other body parts were similar to male and female. Therefore, chairs are needed to be made according to the suitability of both gender.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
Fulltext Application of anthropometric dimensions for estimating stove height, stove depth and cooking task envelope for Malaysian elderly population

Ruhaizin Sulaiman, Zahari Taha, Siti Zawiah Md. Dawal

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2013;21(1):15-28.
MyJurnal

Elderly are exposed to physical impairment. This has a strong impact on their daily activities including
frying, which is one of the most popular cuisine preparations. The stove height and work envelope
are two major ergonomic issues in performing cooking task. There has been little research focusing
on Malaysian elderly task performing in addressing these issues. The objectives of this study were to
identify the acceptable stove height and depth and to determine the working envelope among Malaysian
elderly using anthropometric data. A total of 55 Malaysian elderly (25 male and 30 female) aged between
60 to 85 years participated in this study. Five body measurements were taken from each subject using
an anthropometer. The measurements are stature height, shoulder height, arm span, arm reach forward
and waist height. Apart from these anthropometric measurements, their present stove height was also
measured. The acquisition of stove height dimensions was performed through a series of door to door
visit of the elderly homes in Kg. Sg. Merab. These variables were used to estimate the elderly working
envelope and determine the stove height, width and depth. Data were analysed using SPSS software. The
waist height dimension was to estimate the stove height, the arm reach forward for the depth and the arm
span for the length of the table-top where the stove was placed. Meanwhile the stature and shoulder height
were used for estimating the position of the overhead compartment or placement of cooking utensils.
The 5
th
percentile was chosen since it is appropriate to accommodate 90% of the studied population. The 5
th
percentile was also applied for the setting
of the working envelope so as to provide better
reaching tolerances. Meanwhile, standard was used
to compare the present state of the studied kitchen
setting. The results show that 56.4% of the elderly
waist height is lower than the standard table-top
height which is 36 inches (91.4cm) and 36.4% of the stove height was found higher than that of the standard. This could apparently cause fatigue and
discomfort to shoulders, the neck, the arm and the back of the user. Anthropometrics measurements can
be used for estimating the stove height, length and depth. These could also calculate a space taken for
certain physical activities, such as frying task envelope. Providing a good combination of stove height,
length, depth and ergonomic working envelope could hopefully improve the elderly cooking task and
increase their quality of life.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
Fulltext Arthroscopic mumford procedure utilizing the anteromedial and neviaser portals – a pilot cadaveric study on neurovascular structures at risk

Nasir Mohd Nizlan, Azfar Rizal Ahmad, Hisham Abdul Rashid, Paisal Hussin, Che Hamzah Fahrudin, Abdullah Arifaizad, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2016;12(2):16-20.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Degenerative disorder involving the acromioclavicular
joint (ACJ) is quite common especially in the elderly.
One of the surgical modalities of treatment of this disorder is the
Mumford Procedure. Arthroscopic approach is preferred due to
its reduced morbidity and faster post-operative recovery. One
method utilizes the anteromedial and Neviaser portals, which
allow direct and better visualization of the ACJ from the
subacromial space. However, the dangers that may arise from
incision and insertion of instruments through these portals are
not fully understood. This cadaveric study was carried out to
investigate the dangers that can arise from utilization of these
portals and which structures are at risk during this procedure.
Methods: Arthroscopic Mumford procedures were performed
on 5 cadaver shoulders by a single surgeon utilizing the
anteromedial and Neviaser portals. After marking each portals
with methylene blue, dissection of nearby structures were
carried out immediately after each procedure was completed.
Important structures (subclavian artery as well as brachial plexus
and its branches) were identified and the nearest measurements
were made from each portal edges to these structures. Results:
The anteromedial portal was noted to be closest to the
suprascapular nerve (SSN) at 2.91 cm, while the Neviaser portal
was noted to be closest also to the SSN at 1.60 cm. The
suprascapular nerve was the structure most at risk during the
Mumford procedure. The anteromedial portal was noted to be
the most risky portal to utilize compared to the Neviaser portal.
Conclusion: Extra precaution needs to be given to the
anteromedial portal while performing an arthroscopic distal
clavicle resection in view of the risk of injuring the
suprascapular nerve of the affected limb.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
Fulltext Arthroscopic resection of the distal clavicle with concomitant subacromial decompression: a case series

Chan H, Ooi C, Lim M, Ong E, Zulkiflee O

Malays Orthop J, 2014 Jul;8(2):59-62.
PMID: 25279097 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1407.007

Shoulder impingement syndrome and acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis often occur simultaneously and easily missed. Kay et al. reported excellent results with combined arthroscopic subacromial decompression and resection of the distal end of the clavicle in patients with both disorders(1). Arthroscopic treatment of these disorders produces more favourable results than open procedures. We report two patients who were not responding to conservative management and were treated with direct arthroscopic distal clavicle excision and subacromial decompression in single setting. Both patients gained good postoperative outcome in terms of pain score, function and strength improvement assessed objectively with visual analogue score (VAS) and University of California Los Angeles Score (UCLA).

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Fulltext Association of psychological distress and work psychosocial factors with self-reported musculoskeletal pain among secondary school teachers in Malaysia

Zamri EN, Moy FM, Hoe VC

PLoS One, 2017;12(2):e0172195.
PMID: 28234933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172195

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal pain is common among teachers. Work-related psychosocial factors are found to be associated with the development of musculoskeletal pain, however psychological distress may also play an important role.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of self-reported low back pain (LBP), and neck and/or shoulder pain (NSP) among secondary school teachers; and to evaluate the association of LBP and NSP with psychological distress and work-related psychosocial factors.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among teachers in the state of Penang, Malaysia. The participants were recruited via a two stage sampling method. Information on demographic, psychological distress, work-related psychosocial factors, and musculoskeletal pain (LBP and NSP) in the past 12 months was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) for the associations between psychological distress and work-related psychosocial factors with LBP and NSP.
RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported LBP and NSP among 1482 teachers in the past 12 months was 48.0% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 45.2%, 50.9%) and 60.1% (95% CI 57.4%, 62.9%) respectively. From the multivariate analysis, self-reported LBP was associated with teachers who reported severe to extremely severe depression (PR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.25, 2.32), severe to extremely severe anxiety (1.46, 95% CI 1.22, 1.75), high psychological job demand (1.29, 95% CI 1.06, 1.57), low skill discretion (1.28, 95% CI 1.13, 1.47) and poorer mental health (0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99). Self-reported NSP was associated with mild to moderate anxiety (1.18, 95% CI 1.06, 1.33), severe to extremely severe anxiety (1.25, 95% CI 1.09, 1.43), low supervisory support (1.13, 95% CI 1.03, 1.25) and poorer mental health (0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99).
CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported LBP and NSP were common among secondary school teachers. Interventions targeting psychological distress and work-related psychosocial characteristics may reduce musculoskeletal pain among school teachers.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Pain
Fulltext Audit on radiographs in anterior shoulder dislocations

Lee DJK, Yeap JS, Fazir M, Muhd Borhan TA, Kareem BA

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):15-20.
PMID: 16250275

The radiographs of 115 anterior shoulder dislocations (100 patients; 74 males, 26 female were reviewed to assess the radiographic views used in the management of this dislocation. Eighty-eight patients (88%) had only the anteroposterior (AP) view, 10 patients had 2 radiographic views taken and only 2 patients had three radiographic views. Hill-Sachs lesions were found in 18%, and glenoid rim fractures in 3% of the patients. A greater tuberosity fracture was found in 18% of the patients. Therefore, the current practice in the management of an acute anterior shoulder dislocation appears to be to perform a single view (AP) pre-reduction radiograph to confirm the diagnosis and a single view (AP) post reduction radiograph to confirm reduction after a close manipulative reduction has been performed. This practice is likely to result in an underestimate of associated Hill Sachs lesion and glenoid rim fractures, but not greater tuberosity fractures.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Dislocation/epidemiology; Shoulder Dislocation/radiography*
Fulltext Axillary Artery Injury with Intact Radial Pulse following Fracture-Dislocation of Shoulder: A Case Report

Rajeev A, Timmons G

Malays Orthop J, 2019 Nov;13(3):66-68.
PMID: 31890113 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1911.011

The occurrence of axillary artery injury following proximal humerus fracture dislocation in elderly patient with low velocity fall is uncommon. The patient could have diverse clinical presentations in spite of intact peripheral pulses. We report the case of an 85-year-old lady who presented to our emergency department with greater tuberosity fracture of the humerus with dislocation of the right shoulder. After closed manipulative reduction of the dislocation, it was observed that the patient had brachial plexus palsy with intact radial pulse. An expanding swelling and bruise around the shoulder was noted and a steady drop in haemoglobin level. CT angiogram revealed avulsion of the posterior circumflex artery which was then treated successfully with stenting.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder; Shoulder Fractures
Fulltext Bilateral Asymmetrical Fracture Dislocation of Shoulder with Rare Combination of Injuries after Epileptic Seizure: A Case Report

Sharma A, Jindal S, Narula MS, Garg S, Sethi A

Malays Orthop J, 2017 Mar;11(1):74-76.
PMID: 28435581 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1703.011

The incidence of bilateral gleno-humeral joint dislocation is rare, is almost always posterior and is usually caused by sports injuries, epileptic seizures, electrical shock, or electroconvulsive therapy. Bilateral fracture-dislocation is even rarer, with a few cases reported in the literature. We report an unusual case with dislocation of the both glenohumeral joints in opposite direction after a seizure episode, with fracture of greater tuberosity on one side and of the lesser tuberosity on the contralateral side. Although there have been a few reports of bilateral asymmetric fracture dislocations of the shoulder in the past, an injury pattern resembling our case has, to the best of our knowledge, not been described in the literature so far. This report includes a detailed discussion regarding the mechanism of injury in a case of asymmetrical dislocation following a seizure episode. At final follow-up, the patient had healed fractures, painless near normal range of motion with no redislocations.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder; Shoulder Joint
Fulltext Bilateral Clavicle Fractures: A Case Report

Bajuri MY, Boon HW

Malays Orthop J, 2018 Mar;12(1):60-62.
PMID: 29725518 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1803.015

Bilateral clavicle fractures are not frequently seen. To treat these injuries surgically or non-surgically is still a debatable issue. Implant option for surgical management is also in doubt. We would like to share our experience in treating a patient with bilateral clavicle fracture surgically. He had excellent outcomes in terms of function and radiology. Surgical option for bilateral clavicle fractures promises excellent outcome in terms of early rehabilitation and return in function.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Fractures
Calcareous deposits in the subdeltoid bursa

Tan KC

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5:60-1.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Pain
Call center ergonomics issues: A case study

Hari Krishnan, T.

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2012;9(3):17-22.
MyJurnal

Introductions: Call center has been defined as a working environment in which uses telephone and computer for the purpose of marketing and manage communication with prospect clients or existing clients (Rocha, Glina, Morinho and Nakasato, 2005; Sprigg, Smith and Jackson, 2003).
Methodology: The study was conducted via observation of working condition and face to face interview with call center operators. Measurement of anthropometrics was also conducted.
Results: Ergonomics issues found at call center were inappropriate work condition and workstation which lead to awkward sitting posture (sitting with forward leaning posture, raised shoulder, feet not supported on floor). Besides that organizational policy which required high job demand and subsequently lead to prolonged sitting and static posture (very minimal posture changes). Combination all these factors lead to musculoskeletal symptoms and the operators reported of having neck, shoulder, upper back and lower back pain compared to other body parts.
Conclusion: The management should embark on organization wide ergonomics management program and should review the current policy and create safe and healthy working environment by providing suitable workstation for the operators in order to prevent musculoskeletal.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
Clinical evaluation of the anterior translation of glenohumeral joint using ultrasonography: an intra- and inter-rater reliability study

Joseph LH, Hussain RI, Pirunsan U, Naicker AS, Htwe O, Paungmali A

Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc, 2014;48(2):169-74.
PMID: 24747625 DOI: 10.3944/AOTT.2014.3184

The aim of this study was to investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of ultrasonography (US) to measure anterior translation of the humeral head (ATHH) among healthy subjects and patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Joint/ultrasonography*
Closed reduction techniques in acute anterior shoulder dislocation: modified Milch technique compared with traction-countertraction technique

Singh S, Yong CK, Mariapan S

J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012 Dec;21(12):1706-11.
PMID: 22819577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.04.004

To perform closed manual reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation using the traction-countertraction technique requires sedation (TCTS) and the participation of 2 people. We studied the modified Milch (MM) technique, a positional reductive maneuver that requires 1 operator, without patient sedation or analgesia.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Dislocation/therapy*
Fulltext Comparison of melting behaviors of edible oils using conventional and hyper differential scanning calorimetric scan rates

Abdulkarim, S.M., Ghazali, H.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2007;14(1):25-35.
MyJurnal

HyperDSC™(fast scan rate) was used to study the melting behavior of canola (CLO), sunflower (SFO), palm olein (PO), rice bran oils (RBO), and cocoa butter (CB), and was compared to the melting behaviors using conventional DSC. There was an increase in sensitivity with increase in scan rate. Slow scan rate (5 to 20C/min) gave low sensitivity, which increased when the scan rates were increased to 50, 100 and 200C/min. Peak resolution was affected by scan rate depending on the sample weight. Increase in the size of sample coupled with the use of fast scan rate decreased the peak resolution. Generally small sample sizes gave better peak resolution. Results of the effect of scan rate on glass transition (Tg) shows that Tg, which is a weak transition especially in crystalline and low amorphous materials was not detected using conventional scan rates (5 to 20oC/min). It was however detected using of hyperDSC™ scan rates (100 to 200oC/min). Increasing the scan rate resulted in an increase in the peak temperature and the elimination of shoulder peaks, which were caused due to the polymorphic behavior of the triacylglycerols in the oils. The increase in peak temperature caused a shift in the peak position towards a higher temperature value. There is a positive correlation between the peak temperature and scan rate. The correlation coefficients (r) for CLO, SFO, PO, RBO and CB were 0.96, 0.95, 0.97, 0.96 and 0.96 respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
Fulltext Complete Brachial Plexus Injury - An Amputation Dilemma. A Case Report

Choong C, Shalimar A, Jamari S

Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):52-54.
PMID: 28611911 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.017

Brachial plexus injuries with intact yet flail limb presents with problems of persistent neuropathic pain and recurrent shoulder dislocations, that render the flail limb a damn nuisance. As treating surgeons, we are faced with the dilemma of offering treatment options, bearing in mind the patient's functional status and expectations. We present a case of a 55-year old housewife with complete brachial plexus injury begging for surgical amputation of her flail limb, 6 years post-injury. Here we discuss the outcome of transhumeral amputation and the possibility of offering early rather than delayed amputations in this group of patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Dislocation
Fulltext Complex Proximal Humeral Fracture Fixation with PHILOS Plate using Minimal Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPPO) Technique: A Series of 30 Patients

Narayanan VL, Balasubramanian N

Malays Orthop J, 2018 Jul;12(2):20-24.
PMID: 30112124 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1807.004

Introduction: Proximal humerus fracture fixation using plate osteosynthesis depends on the quality of the bone, design of the fixation devices and intra-operative soft tissue dissection. This study evaluates the functional outcome of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis using locking compression plate in proximal humerus fracture treatment. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 patients with complex proximal humerus fractures treated by minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis using locking compression plate (PHILOS). There were 21 males and 9 females. The average age of our study group was 58.8 years. All the patients were evaluated at six weeks, three months, four months, six months and 12 months following surgery. Results: All patients had fracture union at an average of 13.2 weeks. The mean DASH score at the follow-up was 8.69 (2.5 to 17.16), the average range of flexion was 143.83 degrees (100 to 170 degrees) and abduction was 121.49 degrees (90 to 160 degrees). We had superficial infection in three patients which resolved with a short course of antibiotics. There was excellent outcome in 26 patients, good and fair in two patients each. Conclusion: Proximal humerus fractures treated with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis using locking compression plate with minimal soft tissue dissection, provides good functional outcome and early return of shoulder function.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder; Shoulder Fractures
Concurrent peripheral pathologies and complex regional pain syndrome type 1 as contributors to acute post-stroke shoulder pain: a case report

Akhavan Hejazi SM, Mazlan M

Acta Med Iran, 2012;50(4):292-4.
PMID: 22592581

Post-stroke shoulder pain is associated with either a peripheral or central pathology. However, most of the time, it is challenging to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the suggested pathology and shoulder pain reported. We report a 66 year-old man who developed a right hemiplegic shoulder pain two months post stroke with initial investigations suggestive of peripheral pathologies. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment did not improve his shoulder pain. Later he developed complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the right hand and the initial shoulder pain subsequently relieved following resolution of the CRPS.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Pain/diagnosis; Shoulder Pain/etiology*; Shoulder Pain/therapy
Conformity and Changes in the Radiological Neck and Shoulder Balance Parameters Throughout 3-Year Follow-up Period: Do They Remain the Same?

Chiu CK, Chan CYW, Tan PH, Goh SH, Ng SJ, Chian XH, et al.

Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2020 Mar 15;45(6):E319-E328.
PMID: 31593064 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003275

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study.
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to assess the conformity of the radiological neck and shoulder balance parameters throughout a follow-up period of more than 2 years.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Postoperative shoulder and neck imbalance are undesirable features among Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis patients who underwent Posterior Spinal Fusion. There are many clinical and radiological parameters used to assess this clinical outcome. However, we do not know whether these radiological parameters conform throughout the entire follow-up period.
METHODS: This was a retrospective study done in a single academic institution. Inclusion criteria were patients with scoliosis who underwent posterior instrumented spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation and attended all scheduled follow-ups for at least 24 months postoperatively. Radiological shoulder parameters were measured from both preoperative antero-posterior and postoperative antero-posterior radiographs. Lateral shoulder parameters were: Radiographic Shoulder Height, Clavicle Angle (Cla-A), Clavicle-Rib Intersection Difference, and Coracoid Height Difference. Medial shoulder and neck parameters were: T1 Tilt and Cervical Axis (CA).
RESULTS: The radiographs of 50 patients who had surgery done from November 2013 to November 2015 were analyzed. Mean age of this cohort was 16.3 ± 7.0 years. There were 38 (76%) female patients and 12 (24%) male patients. Mean final follow-up was 38.6 ± 5.8 months. When conformity assessment of the radiological parameter using the interclass coefficient correlation was done, we found that all parameters had significant correlation (P Shoulder Height (0.22) and Cla-A (0.13) had poor reliability.
CONCLUSION: All the radiological shoulder and neck balance parameters studied were conformed and suitable to be used to assess the patient postoperatively. Amongst these radiological parameters, T1 tilt followed by CA recorded to be the most reliable parameters over time.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder/physiology
Fulltext Coracoid Process Morphology using 3D-CT Imaging in a Malaysian Population

Imma II, Nizlan NM, Ezamin AR, Yusoff S, Shukur MH

Malays Orthop J, 2017 Jul;11(2):30-35.
PMID: 29021876 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1707.012

Introduction: The aims of this study are to define the coracoid process anatomy in a Malaysian population, carried out on patients in Hospital Serdang with specific emphasis on the dimension of the base of coracoid process which is important in coraco-acromial (CC) ligament reconstruction, to define the average amount of bone available for use in coracoid transfer, and to compare the size of coracoid process based on gender and race, and with findings in previous studies. Materials and Methods: Fifteen pairs of computed tomography (CT) based 3-dimensional models of shoulders of patients aged between 20 to 60 years old were examined. The mean dimensions of coracoid were measured and compared with regards to gender and race. The data were also compared to previously published studies. Results: The mean length of the coracoid process was 37.94 ± 4.30 mm. Male subjects were found to have larger-sized coracoids in all dimensions as compared to female subjects. The mean tip of coracoid dimension overall was 19.99 + 1.93mm length × 10.03 + 1.48mm height × 11.63 + 2.12mm width. The mean base of coracoid dimension was 18.96 + 3.71mm length × 13.84 + 1.76mm width. No significant differences were observed with regards to racial denomination. The overall coracoid size measurements were found to be smaller compared to previous studies done on the Western population. Conclusion: This study may suggest that Malaysians have smaller coracoid dimension compared to Caucasians. The findings further suggest that the incidence of coracoid fracture and implants pull out in Malaysian subjects may be higher.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder
Correlation between anatomy of the scapula and the incidence of rotator cuff tear and glenohumeral osteoarthritis via radiological study

Miswan MF, Saman MS, Hui TS, Al-Fayyadh MZ, Ali MR, Min NW

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2017 01;25(1):2309499017690317.
PMID: 28215115 DOI: 10.1177/2309499017690317

INTRODUCTION: We conducted a study to elucidate the correlation between the anatomy of the shoulder joint with the development of rotator cuff tear (RCT) and glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) by using acromioglenoid angle (AGA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The AGA is a new measured angle formed between the line from midglenoid to lateral end of the acromion with the line parallel to the glenoid surface. The AGA was measured in a group of 85 shoulders with RCT, 49 with GHOA and 103 non-RCT/GHOA control shoulders. The AGA was compared with other radiological parameters, such as, the critical shoulder angle (CSA), the acromion index (AI) and the acromiohumeral interval (AHI). Correlational and regression analysis were performed using SPSS 20.
RESULTS: The mean AGA was 50.9° (45.2-56.5°) in the control group, 53.3° (47.6-59.1°) in RCT group and 45.5° (37.7-53.2°) in OA group. Among patients with AGA > 51.5°, 61% were in the RCT group and among patients with AGA < 44.5°, 56% were in OA group. Pearson correlation analysis had shown significant correlation between AGA and CSA ( r = 0.925, p < 0.001). It was also significant of AHI in RCT group with mean 6.6 mm (4.7-8.5 mm) and significant AI in OA group with mean 0.68 (0.57-0.78) with p value < 0.001 respectively.
CONCLUSION: The AGA method of measurement is an excellent predictive parameter for diagnosing RCT and GHOA.

Matched MeSH terms: Shoulder Joint*

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