Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 276 in total

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  1. Fulltext Optimization of Aceclofenac Proniosomes by Using Different Carriers, Part 1: Development and Characterization
    Sammour RMF, Taher M, Chatterjee B, Shahiwala A, Mahmood S
    Pharmaceutics, 2019 Jul 18;11(7).
    PMID: 31323799 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070350
    In the contemporary medical model world, the proniosomal system has been serving as a new drug delivery system that is considered to significantly enhance the bioavailability of drugs with low water solubility. The application of this system can improve the bioavailability of aceclofenac that is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. The present study is intended to develop an optimized proniosomal aceclofenac formula by the use of different carriers. Aceclofenac proniosomes have been prepared by slurry method, and different carriers such as maltodextrin, mannitol, and glucose were tried. Prepared proniosomes characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the compatibility of the drug chosen with the ingredient added, powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) confirmed the amorphous phase of the prepared proniosomes, and finally, the surfactant layer was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Aceclofenac physical state transformations were confirmed with all formulas but maltodextrin proniosomes exhibited solubility more than other formulations. HPLC method has been used to analyze the niosomes derived from proniosomes in terms of their entrapment capability and drug content. The obtained results revealed that aceclofenac proniosomes can be successfully prepared by using different carriers.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  2. Fulltext Adsorption of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas using treated rice husk ash (RHA) adsorbent
    Nurul Najwa Abd Malek, Rusdin Laiman
    Science Letters, 2018;12(1):63-76.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of treated rice husk ash (RHA) as adsorbent to adsorb acidic SO2 gas. The treated RHA was prepared using a water hydration method by mixing the RHA, Calcium oxide (CaO) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The addition of NaOH is to increase the dissolution of silica from the RHA to form reactive species responsible for higher desulfurization activity. The untreated and treated RHA were subjected to several characterizations and the characteristics of the adsorbents were compared. The functional groups present on the surface of the adsorbent were determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The chemical composition of the untreated and treated RHA was analyzed by using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the treated RHA has higher porosity compared to untreated RHA. Based on the SO2 adsorption analysis, it was found that the treated RHA has higher adsorption capacity, 62.22 mg/g, compared to untreated RHA, 1.49 mg/g.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  3. Label-Free Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Sulfur-Producing Enzymes inside Microglia Cells following Exposure to Silver Nanowires
    Leo BF, Fearn S, Gonzalez-Cater D, Theodorou I, Ruenraroengsak P, Goode AE, et al.
    Anal Chem, 2019 Sep 03;91(17):11098-11107.
    PMID: 31310103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01704
    There are no methods sensitive enough to detect enzymes within cells, without the use of analyte labeling. Here we show that it is possible to detect protein ion signals of three different H2S-synthesizing enzymes inside microglia after pretreatment with silver nanowires (AgNW) using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Protein fragment ions, including the fragment of amino acid (C4H8N+ = 70 amu), fragments of the sulfur-producing cystathionine-containing enzymes, and the Ag+ ion signal could be detected without the use of any labels; the cells were mapped using the C4H8N+ amino acid fragment. Scanning electron microscopy imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray chemical analysis showed that the AgNWs were inside the same cells imaged by TOF-SIMS and transformed chemically into crystalline Ag2S within cells in which the sulfur-producing proteins were detected. The presence of these sulfur-producing cystathionine-containing enzymes within the cells was confirmed by Western blots and confocal microscopy images of fluorescently labeled antibodies against the sulfur-producing enzymes. Label-free TOF-SIMS is very promising for the label-free identification of H2S-contributing enzymes and their cellular localization in biological systems. The technique could in the future be used to identify which of these enzymes are most contributory.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  4. Synthesis, characterization and anti-cancer properties of water-soluble bis(PYE) pro-ligands and derived palladium(ii) complexes
    Zafar MN, Masood S, Chaudhry GE, Muhammad TST, Dalebrook AF, Nazar MF, et al.
    Dalton Trans, 2019 Aug 08.
    PMID: 31393494 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01923e
    The two cationic palladium(ii) complexes, [Pd(Len)2][OTf]2 (4) and [Pd(Lphen)2][OTf]2 (5), were synthesized by treatment of bis(benzonitrile)dichloropalladium(ii) with [H2Len][OTf]2 (2) or [H2Lphen][OTf]2 (3), respectively, in the presence of a weak base. The pro-ligands 2 and 3 were synthesized by melt reactions between N-methyl-4-chloropyridinium triflate (1) and the amines ethylenediamine or phenylenediamine, respectively. The water-soluble compounds 2-5 were fully characterized, including by single-crystal X-ray crystal structure determinations for 2-4. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to study the binding interactions of 2-5 with CT-DNA. The spectroscopic data suggested the presence of intercalative and groove binding modes and this was supported by molecular docking studies. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies (IC50 values) showed that the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D were more sensitive towards 3, 4 and 5 than cisplatin. The cytotoxicity of the new compounds decreased in the order 5 > 4 > 3 > 2. Furthermore, the annexin V-FITC staining method strongly suggested the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane of the treated cells, which is a hallmark of apoptosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  5. Fulltext Pore Structure Changes Occur During CO2 Injection into Carbonate Reservoirs
    Seyyedi M, Mahmud HKB, Verrall M, Giwelli A, Esteban L, Ghasemiziarani M, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 Feb 27;10(1):3624.
    PMID: 32107400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60247-4
    Observations and modeling studies have shown that during CO2 injection into underground carbonate reservoirs, the dissolution of CO2 into formation water forms acidic brine, leading to fluid-rock interactions that can significantly impact the hydraulic properties of the host formation. However, the impacts of these interactions on the pore structure and macroscopic flow properties of host rock are poorly characterized both for the near-wellbore region and deeper into the reservoir. Little attention has been given to the influence of pressure drop from the near-wellbore region to reservoir body on disturbing the ionic equilibrium in the CO2-saturated brine and consequent mineral precipitation. In this paper, we present the results of a novel experimental procedure designed to address these issues in carbonate reservoirs. We injected CO2-saturated brine into a composite core made of two matching grainstone carbonate core plugs with a tight disk placed between them to create a pressure profile of around 250 psi resembling that prevailing in reservoirs during CO2 injection. We investigated the impacts of fluid-rock interactions at pore and continuum scale using medical X-ray CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. We found that strong calcite dissolution occurs near to the injection point, which leads to an increase in primary intergranular porosity and permeability of the near injection region, and ultimately to wormhole  formation. The strong heterogeneous dissolution of calcite grains leads to the formation of intra-granular micro-pores. At later stages of the dissolution, the internal regions of ooids become accessible to the carbonated brine, leading to the formation of moldic porosity. At distances far from the injection point, we observed minimal or no change in pore structure, pore roughness, pore populations, and rock hydraulic properties. The pressure drop of 250 psi slightly disturbed the chemical equilibrium of the system, which led to minor precipitation of sub-micron sized calcite crystals but due to the large pore throats of the rock, these deposits had no measurable impact on rock permeability. The trial illustrates that the new procedure is valuable for investigating fluid-rock interactions by reproducing the geochemical consequences of relatively steep pore pressure gradients during CO2 injection.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  6. Fulltext An uncommon life-threatening cause of electric alternans with sudden onset of breathlessness and chest pain
    Benjamin Ng Han Sim
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(2):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Phasic ECG voltage changes or electrical alternans is a well-described ECG changes seen in the pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Popular as once believed, this ECG features are no longer considered pathognomonic for pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Electric alternans is observed in pneumothorax especially left-sided pneumothorax. This is a case of a 41-year-old man who presented with chest pain and breathlessness to the emergency department. Assessment in the emergency unit revealed an obvious distress man with a respiratory rate of 60 breaths/min with cyanosis There were generalised rhonchi and prolonged expiratory breath sound appreciated. Chest X-ray (CXR) was done and diagnosed to have left tension pneumothorax. Initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed electrical alternans in all leads. He was intubated for respiratory distress followed by chest tube insertion. His initial ECG findings resolved after treatment of the tension pneumothorax. Doctors need to evaluate the cardiac findings along with respiratory findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  7. Fulltext Extraction and Characterization of Potential Biodegradable Materials Based on Dioscorea hispida Tubers
    Hazrati KZ, Sapuan SM, Zuhri MYM, Jumaidin R
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Feb 15;13(4).
    PMID: 33672030 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040584
    This study was driven by the stringent environmental legislation concerning the consumption and utilization of eco-friendly materials. Within this context, this paper aimed to examine the characteristics of starch and fibres from the Dioscorea hispida tuber plant to explore their potential as renewable materials. The extraction of the Dioscorea hispida starch and Dioscorea hispida fibres was carried out and the chemical composition, physical, thermal, morphological properties, and crystallinity were studied. The chemical composition investigations revealed that the Dioscorea hispida starch (DHS) has a low moisture t (9.45%) and starch content (37.62%) compared to cassava, corn, sugar palm, and arrowroot starches. Meanwhile, the Dioscorea hispida fibres (DHF) are significantly low in hemicellulose (4.36%), cellulose (5.63%), and lignin (2.79%) compared to cassava, corn hull and sugar palm. In this investigation the chemical, physical, morphological and thermal properties of the Dioscorea hispida fibre and Dioscorea hispida starch were examined by chemical composition investigation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), respectively. It was found that Dioscorea hispida waste is promising alternative biomass and sustainable material with excellent potential as a renewable filler material for food packaging applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  8. Fulltext Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite into Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Formulated Based on Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride Glass Ceramics from Waste Materials
    Wan Jusoh WN, Matori KA, Mohd Zaid MH, Zainuddin N, Ahmad Khiri MZ, Abdul Rahman NA, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2021 Feb 18;14(4).
    PMID: 33670465 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040954
    Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a well-known restorative material applied in dentistry. The present work aims to study the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) addition into GIC based on physical, mechanical and structural properties. The utilization of waste materials namely clam shell (CS) and soda lime silica (SLS) glass as replacements for the respective CaO and SiO2 sources in the fabrication of alumino-silicate-fluoride (ASF) glass ceramics powder. GIC was formulated based on ASF glass ceramics, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and deionized water, while 1 wt.% of HA powder was added to enhance the properties of the cement samples. The cement samples were subjected to four different ageing times before being analyzed. In this study, the addition of HA caused an increment in density and compressive strength results along with ageing time. Besides, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) phase in HA-added GIC samples and it was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis which detected OH‒F vibration mode. In addition, needle-like and agglomeration of spherical shapes owned by apatite crystals were observed from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Based on Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, the detection of chemical elements in the cement samples were originated from chemical compounds used in the preparation of glass ceramics powder and also the polyacid utilized in initiating the reaction of GIC.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  9. Biocompatible chitin-encapsulated CdS quantum dots: Fabrication and antibacterial screening
    Lim MJ, Shahri NNM, Taha H, Mahadi AH, Kusrini E, Lim JW, et al.
    Carbohydr Polym, 2021 May 15;260:117806.
    PMID: 33712152 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117806
    Chitin-encapsulated cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS@CTN QDs) were successfully synthesized from chitin and Cd(NO3)2 precursor using the colloidal chemistry method, toward the development of biocompatible and biodegradable QDs for biomedical applications. CdS@CTN QDs exhibited the nanocrystalline cubic CdS encapsulated by α-chitin. The average particle size of CdS@CTN QDs was estimated using empirical Henglein model to be 3.9 nm, while their crystallite size was predicted using Scherrer equation to be 4.3 nm, slightly larger compared to 3-mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdS QDs (3.2 and 3.6 nm, respectively). The mechanism of formation was interpreted based on the spectroscopic data and X-ray crystal structures of CdS@CTN QDs fabricated at different pH values and mass ratios of chitin to Cd(NO3)2 precursor. As an important step to explore potential biomolecular and biological applications of CdS@CTN QDs, their antibacterial activities were tested against four different bacterial strains; i.e. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  10. Fulltext Highly Active Cellulose-Supported Poly(hydroxamic acid)-Cu(II) Complex for Ullmann Etherification
    Jian Fui C, Xin Ting T, Sarjadi MS, Amin Z, Sarkar SM, Musta B, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2021 Mar 16;6(10):6766-6779.
    PMID: 33748590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05840
    Highly active natural pandanus-extracted cellulose-supported poly(hydroxamic acid)-Cu(II) complex 4 was synthesized. The surface of pandanus cellulose was modified through graft copolymerization using purified methyl acrylate as a monomer. Then, copolymer methyl acrylate was converted into a bidentate chelating ligand poly(hydroxamic acid) via a Loosen rearrangement in the presence of an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine. Finally, copper species were incorporated into poly(hydroxamic acid) via the adsorption process. Cu(II) complex 4 was fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The cellulose-supported Cu(II) complex 4 was successfully applied (0.005 mol %) to the Ullmann etherification of aryl, benzyl halides, and phenacyl bromide with a number of aromatic phenols to provide the corresponding ethers with excellent yield [benzyl halide (70-99%); aryl halide (20-90%)]. Cu(II) complex 4 showed high stability and was easily recovered from the reaction mixture. It could be reused up to seven times without loss of its original catalytic activity. Therefore, Cu(II) complex 4 can be commercially utilized for the preparation of various ethers, and this synthetic technique could be a part in the synthesis of natural products and medicinal compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  11. In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Folate-Conjugated Cholic Acid-Polyethylenimine Micelles for the Codelivery of Doxorubicin and siRNA to Colorectal Adenocarcinomas
    Amjad MW, Amin MC, Katas H, Butt AM, Kesharwani P, Iyer AK
    Mol Pharm, 2015 Dec 7;12(12):4247-58.
    PMID: 26567518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00827
    Multidrug resistance poses a great challenge to cancer treatment. In order to improve the targeting and codelivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and doxorubicin, and to overcome multidrug resistance, we conjugated a cholic acid-polyethylenimine polymer with folic acid, forming CA-PEI-FA micelles. CA-PEI-FA exhibited a low critical micelle concentration (80 μM), small average particle size (150 nm), and positive zeta potential (+ 12 mV). They showed high entrapment efficiency for doxorubicin (61.2 ± 1.7%, w/w), forming D-CA-PEI-FA, and for siRNA, forming D-CA-PEI-FA-S. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of external FA on D-CA-PEI-FA micelles. About 25% doxorubicin was released within 24 h at pH 7.4, while more than 30% release was observed at pH 5. The presence of FA enhanced micelle antitumor activity. The D-CA-PEI-FA and D-CA-PEI-FA-S micelles inhibited tumor growth in vivo. No significant differences between their in vitro cytotoxic activities or their in vivo antitumor effects were observed, indicating that the siRNA coloading did not significantly increase the antitumor activity. Histological analysis revealed that tumor tissues from mice treated with D-CA-PEI-FA or D-CA-PEI-FA-S showed the lowest cancer cell density and the highest levels of apoptosis and necrosis. Similarly, the livers of these mice exhibited the lowest level of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase among all treated groups. The lowest serum vascular endothelial growth factor level (VEGF) (24.4 pg/mL) was observed in mice treated with D-CA-PEI-FA-S micelles using siRNA targeting VEGF. These findings indicated that the developed CA-PEI-FA nanoconjugate has the potential to achieve targeted codelivery of drugs and siRNA.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  12. Fulltext Kashima operation: an endoscopic phonosurgery by laser for bilateral vocal cord palsy
    Alamgir Chowdhury, M., Farid Hossain Chowdhury, Khaled Bin Shahabuddin, Tofazzal Hossain, A.B.M., Shaila Kabir
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021;15(1):31-35.
    MyJurnal
    Complete or partial restriction of the vocal cords usually occurs due to cancer, neurologic causes or mechanical causes like huge neck mass, trauma to the neck, viral infection, and sometimes iatrogenic during surgery. Bilateral vocal cord palsy is a severe condition that can lead to significant problems in breathing, speaking, and swallowing. If any patient presents with stridor, it requires urgent surgical airway management followed by specific treatment. A case of viral bilateral abductor vocal cord palsy in a 41-year-old female is reported here. The patient presented with stridor, and immediate tracheostomy was done. The stridor developed first 3 months earlier followed by cold and fever for a week. The stridor worsened gradually and leads to a state of commencing immediate tracheostomy. There was no history of trauma to the neck or any neck surgery. All basic laboratory blood test was within the normal limit. The laryngoscopic examination showed both vocal cords were immobile and almost median position with a small gap at the posterior commissure. Chest and neck plain X-ray along with computed tomography scan of neck was normal which ruled out the other causes of bilateral vocal cord palsy. The patient subsequently underwent successful left posterior cordectomy by laser, and decannulation of tracheostomy was done, known as Kashima operation.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  13. Fulltext Adsorption Studies of Volatile Organic Compound (Naphthalene) from Aqueous Effluents: Chemical Activation Process Using Weak Lewis Acid, Equilibrium Kinetics and Isotherm Modelling
    Akinpelu AA, Chowdhury ZZ, Shibly SM, Faisal ANM, Badruddin IA, Rahman MM, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Feb 19;22(4).
    PMID: 33669883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042090
    This study deals with the preparation of activated carbon (CDSP) from date seed powder (DSP) by chemical activation to eliminate polyaromatic hydrocarbon-PAHs (naphthalene-C10H8) from synthetic wastewater. The chemical activation process was carried out using a weak Lewis acid of zinc acetate dihydrate salt (Zn(CH3CO2)2·2H2O). The equilibrium isotherm and kinetics analysis was carried out using DSP and CDSP samples, and their performances were compared for the removal of a volatile organic compound-naphthalene (C10H8)-from synthetic aqueous effluents or wastewater. The equilibrium isotherm data was analyzed using the linear regression model of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The R2 values for the Langmuir isotherm were 0.93 and 0.99 for naphthalene (C10H8) adsorption using DSP and CDSP, respectively. CDSP showed a higher equilibrium sorption capacity (qe) of 379.64 µg/g. DSP had an equilibrium sorption capacity of 369.06 µg/g for C10H8. The rate of reaction was estimated for C10H8 adsorption using a pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic equation. The reaction mechanism for both the sorbents (CDSP and DSP) was studied using the intraparticle diffusion model. The equilibrium data was well-fitted with the pseudo-second order kinetics model showing the chemisorption nature of the equilibrium system. CDSP showed a higher sorption performance than DSP due to its higher BET surface area and carbon content. Physiochemical characterizations of the DSP and CDSP samples were carried out using the BET surface area analysis, Fourier-scanning microscopic analysis (FSEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and Fourier-transform spectroscopic analysis (FTIR). A thermogravimetric and ultimate analysis was also carried out to determine the carbon content in both the sorbents (DSP and CDSP) here. This study confirms the potential of DSP and CDSP to remove C10H8 from lab-scale synthetic wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  14. Dosimetric response of fabricated Ge-doped optical fibres in computed tomography RQT beam quality x-ray beams
    Rais NNM, Bradley DA, Hashim A, Isa NM, Osman ND, Ismail I, et al.
    J Radiol Prot, 2019 Sep;39(3):N8-N18.
    PMID: 31018196 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab1c16
    Novel germanium (Ge)-doped silica glass fibres tailor-made in Malaysia are fast gaining recognition as potential media for thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry, with active research ongoing into exploitation of their various beneficial characteristics. Investigation is made herein of the capability of these media for use in diagnostic imaging dosimetry, specifically at the radiation dose levels typically obtained in conduct of Computed Tomography (CT). As a first step within such efforts, there is need to investigate the performance of the fibres using tightly defined spectra, use being made of a Philips constant potential industrial x-ray facility, Model MG165, located at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency Secondary Standards Dosimetry Lab (SSDL). Standard radiation beam qualities (termed RQT) have been established for CT, in accord with IEC 61267: 2003 and IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 457: 2007. A calibrated ionisation chamber has also been utilised, forming a component part of the SSDL equipment. The fabricated fibres used in this study are 2.3 mol% flat fibre (FF) of dimensions 643 × 356 μm2 and 2.3 mol% cylindrical fibre (CF) of 481 μm diameter, while the commercial fibre used is 4 mol% with core diameter of 50 μm. The dopant concentrations are nominal preform values. The fibres have been irradiated to doses of 20, 30 and 40 milligray (mGy) for each of the beam qualities RQT 8, RQT 9 and RQT 10. For x-rays generated at constant potential values from 100 to 150 kV, a discernible energy-dependent response is seen, comparisons being made with that of lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100). TL yield versus dose has also been investigated for x-ray doses from 2 to 40 mGy, all exhibiting linearity. Compared to TLD-100, greater sensitivity is observed for the fibres.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  15. Fulltext Pinch-off syndrome from a chemoport catheter successfully managed with endovascular retrieval
    Chuah JS, Wong WL, Bakin S, Lim RZM, Lee EP, Tan JH
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2021 May;65:102294.
    PMID: 33948169 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102294
    Introduction and importance: A totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD), also referred to as 'chemoport', is frequently used for oncology patients. Chemoport insertion via the subclavian vein access may compress the catheter between the first rib and the clavicle, resulting in pinch-off syndrome (POS). The sequela includes catheter transection and subsequent embolization. It is a rare complication with incidence reported to be 1.1-5.0% and can lead to a devastating outcomes.

    Case presentation: 50-year-old male had his chemoport inserted for adjuvant chemotherapy 3 years ago. During the removal, remaining half of the distal catheter was not found. There was no difficulties during the removal. Chest xray revealed that the fractured catheter had embolized to the right ventricle. Further history taking, he did experienced occasional palpitation and chest discomfort for the past six months. Electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes were normal. Urgent removal of the fractured catheter via the percutaneous endovascular approach, under fluoroscopic guidance by an experience interventional radiologist was done. The procedure was successful without any complication. Patient made an uneventful recovery. He was discharged the following day, and was well during his 3rd month follow up.

    Conclusion: Early detection and preventive measures can be done to prevent pinch-off syndrome. Unrecognized POS can result in fatal complications such as cardiac arrhythmia and septic embolization. Retrieval via the percutaneous endovascular approach provide excellent outcome in the case of embolized fractured catheter.

    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  16. Fulltext Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer for removal of Congo red
    Shafqat SR, Bhawani SA, Bakhtiar S, Ibrahim MNM
    BMC Chem, 2020 Dec;14(1):27.
    PMID: 32266334 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00680-8
    Congo red (CR) is an anionic azo dye widely used in many industries including pharmaceutical, textile, food and paint industries. The disposal of huge amount of CR into the various streams of water has posed a great threat to both human and aquatic life. Therefore, it has become an important aspect of industries to remove CR from different water sources. Molecular imprinting technology is a very slective method to remove various target pollutant from environment. In this study a precipitation polymerization was employed for the effective and selective removal of CR from contaminated aqueous media. A series of congo red molecularly imprinted polymers (CR-MIPs) of uniform size and shape was developed by changing the mole ratio of the components. The optimum ratio (0.1:4: 20, template, functional monomer and cross-linking monomer respectively) for CR1-MIP from synthesized polymers was able to rebind about 99.63% of CR at the optimum conditions of adsorption parameters (contact time 210 min, polymer dosage 0.5 g, concentration 20 ppm and pH 7). The synthesized polymers were characterized by various techniques such as Fourier Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Brumauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The polymer particles have successfully removed CR from different aqueous media with an efficiency of about ~ 90%.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  17. Fulltext Avascular Necrosis of the Hip in Primary Care
    Baharum NN, Ariffin F, Hanafiah M, Sulaiman SH
    Korean J Fam Med, 2021 Jan;42(1):84-87.
    PMID: 32447880 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0021
    Avascular necrosis, or osteonecrosis of the femoral head, is a debilitating condition which leads to the destruction of the hip joint due to an interruption in the blood supply to the bony region and is most commonly due to trauma. The case discussed here has been highlighted as it presented as non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head with an absence of risk factors in a healthy adult male. A 37-year-old male presented with a 4-month history of recurrent left hip pain, which worsened with initiation of movement and weightbearing on the affected side. The patient was overweight but normotensive with a full range of movement of the hips bilaterally. There were no abnormalities detected on initial X-ray images of the left hip. However, due to the persistent pain and sclerotic changes in a subsequent X-ray, a magnetic resonance image of the bilateral hips was obtained, leading to the diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the bilateral femoral heads. Due to the lack of improvement with physiotherapy and analgesia, the patient was subjected to conservative surgery of the symptomatic left hip with concurring evidence of avascular necrosis based on intraoperative anatomical biopsy. This case emphasizes the importance of identifying underlying issues during history taking and physical examination in adults without risk factors. The early diagnosis of osteonecrosis assists in preventing joint collapse and can delay the requirement of joint replacements. High levels of suspicion are necessary to instigate investigation in persistent cases without the presence of risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  18. Discrimination of dopamine by an electrode modified with negatively charged manganese dioxide nanoparticles decorated on a poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)/reduced graphene oxide composite
    Promsuwan K, Soleh A, Saisahas K, Saichanapan J, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, et al.
    J Colloid Interface Sci, 2021 Sep;597:314-324.
    PMID: 33872888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.162
    A unique nanocomposite was fabricated using negatively charged manganese dioxide nanoparticles, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and reduced graphene oxide (MnO2/PEDOT/rGO). The nanocomposite was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) functionalized with amino groups. The modified GCE was used to electrochemically detect dopamine (DA). The surface morphology, charge effect and electrochemical behaviours of the modified GCE were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The MnO2/PEDOT/rGO/GCE exhibited excellent performance towards DA sensing with a linear range between 0.05 and 135 µM with a lowest detection limit of 30 nM (S/N = 3). Selectivity towards DA was high in the presence of high concentrations of the typical interferences ascorbic acid and uric acid. The stability and reproducibility of the electrode were good. The sensor accurately determined DA in human serum. The synergic effect of the multiple components of the fabricated nanocomposite were critical to the good DA sensing performance. rGO provided a conductive backbone, PEDOT directed the uniform growth of MnO2 and adsorbed DA via pi-pi and electrostatic interaction, while the negatively charged MnO2 provided adsorption and catalytic sites for protonated DA. This work produced a promising biosensor that sensitively and selectively detected DA.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  19. Fulltext Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of organotin(IV) diallyldithiocarbamate compounds as anticancer agent towards colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29)
    Haezam FN, Awang N, Kamaludin NF, Mohamad R
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021 May;28(5):3160-3168.
    PMID: 34025187 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.060
    Context: Diphenyltin(IV) diallyldithiocarbamate compound (Compound 1) and triphenyltin(IV) diallyldithiocarbamate compound (Compound 2) are two newly synthesised compounds of organotin(IV) with diallyldithiocarbamate ligands.

    Objective: To assess the cytotoxic effects of two synthesised compounds against HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and human CCD-18Co normal colon cells.

    Materials and methods: Two successfully synthesised compounds were characterised using elemental (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur) analysis, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), and 1H, 13C 119Sn Nucleus Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The single-crystal structure of both compounds was determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazholium bromide (MTT) assay upon 24 h of treatment. While the mode of cell death was determined based on the externalisation of phosphatidylserine using a flow cytometer.

    Results: The elemental analysis data of the two compounds showed an agreement with the suggested formula of (C6H5)2Sn[S2CN(C3H5)2]2 for Compound 1 and (C6H5)3Sn[S2CN(C3H5)2] for Compound 2. The two major peaks of infrared absorbance, i.e., ν(C = N) and ν(C = S) were detected at the range of 1475-1479 cm-1 and 972-977 cm-1, respectively. The chemical shift of carbon in NCS2 group for Compound 1 and 2 were found at 200.82 and 197.79 ppm. The crystal structure of Compound 1 showed that it is six coordinated and crystallised in monoclinic, P21/c space group. While the crystal structure of Compound 2 is five coordinated and crystallised in monoclinic, P21/c space group. The cytotoxicity (IC50) of the two compounds against HT-29 cell were 2.36 μM and 0.39 μM. Meanwhile, the percentage of cell death modes between 60% and 75% for compound 1 and compound 2 were mainly due to apoptosis, suggesting that both compounds induced growth arrest.

    Conclusion: Our study concluded that the synthesised compounds showed potent cytotoxicity towards HT-29 cell, with the triphenyltin(IV) compound showing the highest effect compared to diphenyltin(IV).

    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  20. Fulltext Advanced Nanoscale Surface Characterization of CuO Nanoflowers for Significant Enhancement of Catalytic Properties
    Khan MA, Nayan N, Shadiullah, Ahmad MK, Fhong SC, Tahir M, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 May 04;26(9).
    PMID: 34064537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092700
    In this work, advanced nanoscale surface characterization of CuO Nanoflowers synthesized by controlled hydrothermal approach for significant enhancement of catalytic properties has been investigated. The CuO nanoflower samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), high-angular annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) with elemental mapping, energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. The nanoscale analysis of the surface study of monodispersed individual CuO nanoflower confirmed the fine crystalline shaped morphology composed of ultrathin leaves, monoclinic structure and purified phase. The result of HR-TEM shows that the length of one ultrathin leaf of copper oxide nanoflower is about ~650-700 nm, base is about ~300.77 ± 30 nm and the average thickness of the tip of individual ultrathin leaf of copper oxide nanoflower is about ~10 ± 2 nm. Enhanced absorption of visible light ~850 nm and larger value of band gap energy (1.68 eV) have further supported that the as-grown material (CuO nanoflowers) is an active and well-designed surface morphology at the nanoscale level. Furthermore, significant enhancement of catalytic properties of copper oxide nanoflowers in the presence of H2O2 for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) with efficiency ~96.7% after 170 min was obtained. The results showed that the superb catalytic performance of well-fabricated CuO nanoflowers can open a new way for substantial applications of dye removal from wastewater and environment fields.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
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