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Fulltext Detection of JAK2 V617F mutation among donors with erythrocytosis

Siti Fatimah Mohamed Kamaruzzaman, Noor Haslina Mohd Noor, Shafini Mohd Yusoff, Wan Zaidah Abdullah, Mohd Nazri Hasan

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2018;3(2):19-25.
MyJurnal

Introduction: It is mandatory that every blood donor must have their haemoglobin (Hb) values measured before blood donation. High Hb may indicate an underlying hidden pathological condition. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of the JAK2 V617F gene mutation in blood donors with erythrocytosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a nine-month period involving blood donors with high pre-donation Hb. A total of 45 blood donors with total white cell (TWC) > 12.0x 109/l, platelet > 450x109/ l and Hb > 18g/dL were subjected to JAK2 V617F gene mutation analysis. Samples were collected and analysed for haematological tests and detection of JAK2 V617F mutation. Results: From a total of 2238 blood donors, 175 blood donors had high haemoglobin value. Samples from forty-five of these donors were then analysed for JAK2 V617F using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of blood donors with erythrocytosis was 7.8%. All samples were negative for the JAK2 V617F mutation. Conclusions: Erythrocytosis can be relative or absolute and the different causes can be distinguished on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms. An absence of the JAK2 V617F mutation cannot by itself excludes the diagnosis of polycyhaemia vera (PV) since erythrocytosis is the single clinical feature that sets PV apart from other types of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Further study is required for the detection of other gene mutations that activates the JAK-STAT signalling pathway that could be identified in JAK2 V617F-negative MPN patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Medical and laboratory assessment for regular blood donors in Sulaimani Blood Bank, Iraq

Getta HA, Ahmad HA, Rahman HS, Ahmed GA, Abdullah R

Patient Prefer Adherence, 2018;12:939-944.
PMID: 29910607 DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S157221

Introduction: It has been suggested that blood donation reduces risks of developing cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, atherosclerosis, and stroke. Although there are known benefits of blood donation, the inclination of people of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to donate blood is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine demograpic and blood biochemical profiles of regular and first-time blood donors in the Sulaimani province of North Iraq.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sulaimani Blood Bank, during the period of April 1, 2016 to March 28, 2017, on convenient samples of 100 regular and 100 first-time blood donors. Donor particulars were obtained from blood bank records. The cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, ferritin, vitamin D3, and uric acid concentrations of blood samples were determined.
Results: The main reason for blood donation by regular blood donors was headache (45%), while for the first-timers it was to help relatives (31%). The low-density lipoprotein and ferritin concentrations were significantly (p=0.001) lower in the blood of regular donors than first-timers.
Conclusion: The study shows that regular blood donation is beneficial for the maintenance of health of donors.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Knowledge, perceptions and barriers of blood donation among adults in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Chin, Chee Kee, Dariah Mohd Yusoff, Kueh, Yee Cheng

Malaysian Journal of Medical Research, 2018;2(1):1-9.
MyJurnal

Blood donation is important for lives saving and the need is unceasing. However, the shortage of blood supply
is a common issue. While the public is the main source of blood donation, it is unknown whether they are
aware about it. This study was carried out to determine the public's knowledge, perceptions and barriers
towards blood donation. Atotal of 384 male and female respondents were conveniently selected to participate
in this study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software
version 22.0. Most of the respondents (60.9%) had never donated blood but their knowledge towards blood
donation was high (79.9%). Some misconceptions were indicated among respondents. Afraid of the needle
prick, pain or discomfort were the top barriers among non-donors respondents (45.3%). The majority of the
respondents believed that blood donation is a practice or selfless concern for the well-being of others (98.7%).
A significant relationship was indicated between age and level of education with status of blood donation
(p

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B in first-time blood donors at National Blood Centre after implementation of National Vaccination Programme

Sow, Emmy, Noorsuzana Mohd Shariff, Chong, Soon Eu, Tun Maizura Mohd. Fathullah, Siti Salmah Noordin

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):1-6.
MyJurnal

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major public health problems in Malaysia. It remains the most common permanent deferral among blood donors. In Malaysia, the national vaccination programme has been introduced since 1989 to prevent HBV transmission. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of HBV infection among first-time blood donors after the implementation of the national hepatitis B vaccination programme. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study involving tracing of the database of National Blood Centre Malaysia. The record of first-time blood donors who had donated between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2015 and were screened HBV positive was reviewed and analysed. Results: There were 376,737 first-time donors who had donated blood and 575 of them screened positive for HBV. The overall prevalence of seropositive for hepatitis B was 0.15%. The prevalence was higher at 0.23% among donors born before the year 1989 (pre-vaccination era) compared to 0.05% among donors born in and after the year 1989 (post-vaccination era). Perinatal transmission was found to have 15 times higher odds of developing HBV infection as compared to those who had the combination of risk factors among those born after the year 1989 (adjusted OR=14.95, 95% CI 1.80=124.01). Conclusion: The implementation of the national vaccination programme reduced the prevalence of hepatitis B among donors who received vaccination at birth compared to those who did not.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext NS1 dengue antigen among blood donors in two blood collection centers in north Malaysia

Mohd Faizal Mohamed Yusuf, Hafizuddin Mohamed Fauzi, Siti Salmah Noordin, Narazah Mohd Yusoff

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):1-6.
MyJurnal

Dengue virus is one of the emerging agents that can be transmitted via blood transfusion from infected blood donors to recipients. In Malaysia, the increase in dengue infection may contribute to the existence of asymptomatic blood donors and increase the risk of blood supply contaminated with this virus. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of NS1 dengue antigen among blood donors and to ascertain the demographic data of blood donors in Penang and and Perak. Methods: A total of 374 voluntary blood donors were recruited from two blood donation campaigns organised by Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang and Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak from April to May 2016. From each centre, 187 voluntary blood donors were enrolled, blood was collected and Dengue NS1 Ag was screened on all the samples using Platelia dengue antigen test kit from Bio-Rad Laboratories, France. Results: All 374 samples were found to be negative for the Dengue NS1 antigen. Demographic data of these blood donors showed that the most common blood group was O Rh positive, men donated more than women and Chinese blood donors were the biggest group of donors. Conclusion: Even though dengue is endemic in Malaysia, none of the blood donors was screened positive for dengue NS1 antigen in the areas studied. This indicates that none of the blood donor at the time of donation was in viraemia stage. The established donor screening program ensures that the dengue transmission through transfusion is minimal in the areas studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Kidd Phenotypes in multiple ethnicities in Hospital Umum Sarawak, Malaysia

Irni Mohd Yasin, Afifah Hassan, Muhammad Masrin Md. Zahrin, Narazah Mohd Yusoff

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):1-5.
MyJurnal

Kidd blood group system is distributed differently within populations. In Malaysia, the prevalence of Kidd phenotypes have been reported but not in Hospital Umum Sarawak (HUS).We characterised Kidd phenotypes among regular blood donors in HUS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from 1st September 2015 to 10th September 2015. Blood samples were collected from 250 regular blood donors of different ethnicities in HUS. Samples were then investigated for Kidd blood group phenotypes by utilising Seraclon anti-Jka and anti-Jkb reagents employing the Diamed-ID gel card system. Results: Phenotype Jk(a+b+) was found in 110 out of 250 (44.0%) and phenotype Jk (a-b-) phenotype in seven out of 250 (2.8%) blood donors. Jk(a+b-) was detected in 60 out of 250 (24.0%) and Jk(a-b+) in 73 out of 250 (29.2%) donors. Kidd phenotype was detected in four ethnics; Chinese 50.8%, Malays 38.4%, Bidayuh 10.0% and Iban 0.8%. Jk(a-b-) phenotype was present only in the Malays; seven out of 250 (2.8%) but not found in other ethnicities. Conclusion: Jk(a+b+) is the most common Kidd phenotype found in regular blood donors in HUS in the four ethnicities studied. Only Malays exhibit the Jk(a-b-) phenotype which is a rare phenotype. The results of this study may serve as a preliminary database for Kidd blood group profile of regular blood donors in HUS.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for transfusion transmitted viruses in sero-negative allogeneic blood donors: an experience from Southern Pakistan

Sultan S, Nasir MI, Rafiq S, Baig MA, Akbani S, Irfan SM

Malays J Pathol, 2017 Aug;39(2):149-154.
PMID: 28866696

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion safety commences with healthy donor recruitment. The threat of transfusion transmitted infections is greatly minimized by serological tools but not entirely eliminated. Recently, nucleic-acid testing for blood donor screening has virtually eliminated this jeopardy.
METHODS: This prospective study was conducted from February 2015 to February 2016. Samples from seronegative donors were run on multiplex assay (Cobas, S-201 system platform, Roche) in a batch of six [MP-NAT]. In case of reactive pool, tests were run on every individual sample [IDNAT].
RESULTS: Of 16957 donors, 16836 (99.2%) were replacement donors and the remaining 121 (0.7%) were voluntary donors, with a mean age of 29.09 ± 7.04 years. After serologic screening of all 16957 donors, 955 (5.6%) were found to be reactive; 291(1.71%) were reactive for hepatitis-B surface antigen, 361 (2.12%) for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), 14 (0.08%) for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus, 287 (1.69%) for syphilis and 2 (0.01%) for malaria. 14 (0.08%) NAT reactive donors were identified after testing the 16002 seronegative donors, with an overall NAT yield of one reactivity out of 1143 blood donations; 10 donors for HBV-DNA (HBV NAT yield-1:1600) and remaining 4 for HCV-RNA (HCV-NAT yield-1:4000). None were HIV positive.
CONCLUSION: NAT has improved the safety attributes in blood products. Although the positivity rate for NAT testing is low but in view of the high prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in our country, we recommend the parallel use of both serology and NAT screening of all donated blood.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Fulltext Comparison of knowledge about voluntary blood donation among the medical and non-medical students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Parash, M. Tanveer Hossain, Ayudurai, Thiruchelvam, Murthy, Krishna Dilip, Shimmi, Sadia Choudhury, Hossain, A.B.M. Tofazzal, Ghosh, Bablu K.

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2017;11(3):13-18.
MyJurnal

The huge population of persuadable, active, healthy and young students is the potential as blood donors to meet safe blood donation. This study focused on the existing level of knowledge regarding voluntary blood donation among medical (Faculty of Medicine and Health Science) and nonmedical students with science background (Faculty of Engineering) at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Four hundred and fifty-five students consisting of medical (231) and nonmedical (224) were selected through stratified random sampling to participate in the study. Data was collected using validated structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by structural equation modelling using SPSS AMOS Graphics version 22 and SPSS version16. The results showed a significant (pp

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn and Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction Due to Kidd antibody in Hospital Umum Sarawak, Malaysia

Irni Mohd Yasin, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Afifah Hassan, Muhammad Masrin Md. Zahrin

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(202):26-27.
MyJurnal

Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn (HDFN) and Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction (HTR) may occur due to antibodies against Kidd antigen. In Malaysia, the prevalence of RBC alloimmunization due to Kidd antibody for cases of HDFN and HTR have been reported [1-2] however there is insufficient data in Hospital Umum Sarawak (HUS).The aim of this study is to determine whether Kidd alloimmunization causes HDFN and HTR. Indirectly categorize Kidd phenotype blood in regular blood donors.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Molecular and serological detection of occult hepatitis B virus among healthy hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors in Malaysia

Hudu SA, Harmal NS, Saeed MI, Alshrari AS, Malik YA, Niazlin MT, et al.

Afr Health Sci, 2016 Sep;16(3):677-683.
PMID: 27917199

BACKGROUND: Occult hepatitis B infections are becoming a major global threat, but the available data on its prevalence in various parts of the world are often divergent.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to detect occult hepatitis B virus in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative serum using anti-HBc as a marker of previous infection.
PATIENT AND METHODS: A total of 1000 randomly selected hepatitis B surface antigen-negative sera from blood donors were tested for hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis B surface antibody using an ELISA and nested polymerase chain reaction was done using primers specific to the surface gene (S-gene).
RESULTS: Of the 1000 samples 55 (5.5%) were found to be reactive, of which 87.3% (48/55) were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody, indicating immunity as a result of previous infection however, that does not exclude active infection with escaped mutant HBV. Nested PCR results showed the presence of hepatitis B viral DNA in all the 55 samples that were positive for core protein, which is in agreement with the hepatitis B surface antibody result.
CONCLUSION: This study reveals the 5.5% prevalence of occult hepatitis B among Malaysian blood donors as well as the reliability of using hepatitis B core antibody in screening for occult hepatitis B infection in low endemic, low socioeconomic settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Fulltext Extensive Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 in Incident and Prevalent Infections among Malaysian Blood Donors: Multiple Introductions of HIV-1 Genotypes from Highly Prevalent Countries

Chow WZ, Bon AH, Keating S, Anderios F, Halim HA, Takebe Y, et al.

PLoS One, 2016;11(8):e0161853.
PMID: 27575746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161853

Transfusion-transmissible infections including HIV-1 continue to pose major risks for unsafe blood transfusions due to both window phase infections and divergent viruses that may not be detected by donor screening assays. Given the recent emergence of several HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in high-risk populations in the Southeast Asia region, we investigated the genetic diversity of HIV-1 among the blood donors in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 211 HIV-positive plasma samples detected among 730,188 donations to the National Blood Centre between 2013 and 2014 were provided (90.5% male, median age: 27.0 years old). Recent or long-term infection status at the time of donation was determined using a limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA). HIV-1 gag-pol genes were amplified and sequenced from residual plasma for 149 cases followed by genotype determination using phylogenetic and recombination analyses. Transmitted antiretroviral resistance mutations were not observed among the blood donors, among which 22.7% were classified as recent or incident infections. Major circulating HIV-1 genotypes determined by neighbour-joining phylogenetic inference included CRF01_AE at 40.9% (61/149), CRF33_01B at 21.5% (32/149), and subtype B at 10.1% (15/149). Newly-described CRFs including CRF54_01B circulated at 4.0%, CRF74_01B at 2.0%, and CRF53_01B and CRF48_01B at 0.7% each. Interestingly, unique HIV-1 genotypes including African subtype G (8.7%), CRF45_cpx (1.3%), CRF02_AG (0.7%) and CRF07_BC (0.7%) from China were detected for the first time in the country. A cluster of subtype G sequences formed a distinct founder sub-lineage within the African strains. In addition, 8.7% (13/149) of HIV-infected donors had unique recombinant forms (URFs) including CRF01_AE/B' (4.7%), B'/C (2.7%) and B'/G (1.3%) recombinants. Detailed analysis identified similar recombinant structures with shared parental strains among the B'/C and B'/G URFs, some of which were sequenced from recently infected individuals, indicating the possible emergence and on-going spread of foreign clades of CRF candidates among the local population. The findings demonstrate extensive molecular complexity of HIV-1 among the infected blood donors in Malaysia, driven in part by the increased spread of recently described CRFs and multiple introductions of previously unreported genotypes from highly prevalent countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Evaluation of red blood cell indices related disorders among eligible blood donors at the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

Riahi S, Mei IL, Idris FB, George E, Noor SM

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2015 Sep;46(5):911-7.
PMID: 26863862

Pre-donation screening declarations and hemoglobin (Hb) testing are measures used to determine the quality of donated blood. The copper sulphate (CuSo4) method used to screen for blood abnormalities can give inaccurate results if strict quality control is not applied. Blood donors who are carriers of thalassemia and those with mild iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are usually asymptomatic and frequently missed at blood donation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the red blood cell (RBC) indices related disorders among blood donors who were deemed qualified to donate blood after screening with CuSo4 method. One hundred fifty-eight volunteer blood donors at the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), who had passed the CuSo4 screening method, were recruited for this study. Their bloods specimens were examined with a complete blood count. Subjects with a low mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) level were examined further by checking a serum ferritin level, Hb quantification, and molecular analysis to examine for common RBC disorders. Fourteen point six percent of subjects had a low Hb level, two (1.3%) had IDA and four (2.5%) had thalassemia or some other hemoglobinopathy. Using a MCH level < 27 pg as a cut-off point, 58 subjects (36.7%) had suspected IDA, thalassemia or some other hemoglobinopathy. Eight point nine percent of subjects with a normal Hb level had thalassemia, and 3.8% had IDA. Malaysia has a high prevalence of thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies. Pre-donation accurate screening is crucial to protect the quality of blood transfusion products. Public education regarding RBC disorders especially among blood donors is important.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Fulltext Routine diabetes screening in blood donation campaigns

Samad NA, Yong PW, Mahendran K

Malays J Pathol, 2015 Aug;37(2):137-40.
PMID: 26277670 MyJurnal

BACKGROUND: Data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 showed that 20.8% of Malaysians above 30 years have diabetes. 10.1%of them are undiagnosed. Mobile blood drives could complement the public health department efforts in diabetes screening for early detection of the illness.
AIMS: This study aims to determine the necessity of diabetes screening as a routine screening program during blood donation campaign.
METHODS AND MATERIAL: Blood donation campaigns which involved the public community between January 2013 and June 2013 were included in this study. Donors above 30-years-old, not known to have diabetes, consented for diabetes screening. Diabetes screening was done by checking random capillary blood sugar (RCBS) levels while performing a Hemoglobin test and ABO grouping. Donors with RCBS of ≥ 7.8 mmol/L were given appointments for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes.
RESULTS: A total of 211 diabetes screenings were performed. Mean RCBS was 6 mmol/L. 43(20.4%) donors had RCBS≥ 7.8 mmol/L. 10 donors were later diagnosed to have diabetes (5.0%) and 5 donors were prediabetes (2.5%). 9 donors (4.3%) did not turn up for further investigation.
CONCLUSIONS: Blood donors are expected to be healthy volunteers. The diabetes prevalence among blood donors (5.0%) is considered low if compared with the prevalence in the whole population (20.8%). However, the number is largely comparable to the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in the country (10.1%). Routine diabetes screening during blood donation campaign should be implemented to safeguard donors' health and serve as a public health initiative to improve community health.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Fulltext Naturally occurring hepatitis B virus surface antigen mutant variants in Malaysian blood donors and vaccinees

Hudu SA, Harmal NS, Saeed MI, Alshrari AS, Malik YA, Niazlin MT, et al.

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2015 Jul;34(7):1349-59.
PMID: 25792010 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2358-1

Hepatitis B virus surface mutants are of enormous importance because they are capable of escaping detection by serology and can infect both vaccinated and unvaccinated populations, thus putting the whole population at risk. This study aimed to detect and characterise hepatitis B-escaped mutants among blood donors and vaccinees. One thousand serum samples were collected for this study from blood donors and vaccinees. Hepatitis B surface antigen, antibodies and core antibodies were tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. DNA detection was performed via nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the S gene was sequenced and analysed using bioinformatics. Of the 1,000 samples that were screened, 5.5% (55/1,000) were found to be HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc- and HBV DNA-positive. All 55 isolates were found to belong to genotype B. Several mutations were found across all the sequences from synonymous and non-synonymous mutations, with the most nucleotide mutations occurring at position 342, where adenine was replaced by guanine, and cytosine at position 46 was replaced by adenine in 96.4% and 98% of the isolates, respectively. Mutation at position 16 of the amino acid sequence was found to be common to all the Malaysian isolates, with 85.7% of the mutations occurring outside the major hydrophilic region. This study revealed a prevalence of 5.5% for hepatitis B-escaped mutations among blood donors and vaccinated undergraduates, with the most common mutation being found at position 16, where glutamine was substituted with lysine.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Fulltext Successful Pregnancy Outcome in Malaysian Woman with Rare p Phenotype and Anti-PP1P(k) Antibody

Mohd Azri MS, Kunasegaran K, Azrina A, Siti Nadiah AK

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus, 2014 Sep;30(Suppl 1):405-8.
PMID: 25332632 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0439-4

We report the first case of young woman with the p phenotype and anti-PP1P(k) antibody in the Malaysian population who was identified during a blood grouping and antibody screening procedure after her first miscarriage. Further family screening detected two other siblings who possessed the same rare phenotype and antibody. Because of difficulties in finding compatible units in the local population, the patient and her two siblings were advised to become regular blood donor. Their blood was frozen for future use. After she had two recurrent miscarriages, her third pregnancy was successfully managed using oral dydrogesterone, which was started from 10 weeks into the pregnancy. Her pregnancy was uneventful and she gave birth to a healthy term neonate.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Rate of seroconversion in repeat blood donors at the national blood centre, Kuala Lumpur

Nafishah A, Asiah MN, Syimah AT, Mohd Zahari TH, Yasmin A, Normi M, et al.

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus, 2014 Jun;30(2):105-10.
PMID: 24839364 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-012-0213-4

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that all donated blood are to be screened for at least three viral infections [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)]. The National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur (NBCKL) aims to reduce transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) as it still remains as one of the major risk for blood transfusion. A cross sectional study was conducted at the National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur from 1st January 2009 to 31st June 2010. Data from 581,020 donors were analyzed from year 2004 to 2008. All data were retrieved from NBCKL Blood Bank Information System (BBIS). A total of 201 repeat donors were included in the study based on the inclusion criteria but only 132 repeat donors agreed to participate. Information on sociodemographic, risk factors, knowledge of donors and high risk behavior were extracted from standardize questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 14.0. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of the seropositive infectivity among repeat blood donors at the NBCKL. The results showed Syphilis accounts for the highest and increasing seroconversion rate among other infections from 20.83 % in year 2004 to 44.6 % in year in year 2008. HIV and HCV infection also showed increasing seroconversion rate in 5 years' time from 6.41 % in year 2004 to 17.54 % in year 2008 and 4.8 % in year 2004 to 5.94 % in year 2008 respectively. However, HBV infection alone showed a decreasing seroconversion rate from 20.83 % in year 2004 to 10.4 % in year 2008. Level of donors' awareness regarding high risk factors (activities or behaviour) can lead to higher risk of TTI with significant p value in this predictors model(p blood donors with high risk activities are more likely to have seropositive results for HBV, HIV and Syphilis. This study found that the frequency of HCV seropositivity is higher among lapsed donor. Socio demographic factors such as male and working in the private sector predominates in all TTI markers. Majority of the respondents were aware about relation of high risk activities and risk of TTI.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Thalassaemia screening among healthy blood donors in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang

Irmi Elfina, R., Ezalia, E., Elizabeth, G., Wan Hayati, M.Y, Norhanim, A., Wahidah, A., et al.

Medicine & Health, 2014;9(1):44-52.
MyJurnal

Thalassaemia screening programme has been conducted in Malaysia since 2004. The aim of the programme was to reduce the burden of the disease by identifying thalassaemia carriers. However, the response towards the screening activities was unsatisfactory as there was lack of public awareness against the importance of thalassaemia screening. An alternative approach is to screen blood donors. The purpose of this study was to observe the prevalence of thalassaemia carriers among healthy blood donors. Seven hundred and thirty eight healthy blood donors were screened in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang from July to September 2010 using cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cases with haemoglobin variants were further analyzed by gel electrophoresis at alkaline pH. Result shows that the blood donors consisted of 413 Malays (56%), 162 Indians (22%), 148 Chinese (20%) and 15 others (2%). There were 19 (2.6%) individuals with haemoglobin E trait, six (0.8%) with co-inheritance of haemoglobin E and αα- thalassaemia and five (0.7%) with β-thalassaemia trait. Haemoglobin Constant Spring and haemoglobin A2 prime were observed in two (0.3%); and Haemoglobin Lepore and alpha chain variant in one (0.2%). αα-thalassaemia and normal haemoglobin A2 β-thalassaemia could not be excluded in 190 cases (26%), as they required deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) studies for identification. Thalassaemia screening in blood donors is more feasible and effective. Therefore, a wider scale population screening including blood donors could benefit the existing thalassaemia screening programme in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Ultrasonography measurement of inferior vena cava diameter of blood donors as predictors for early blood loss in tertiary hospital northeastern, Malaysia

Shaik Farid AW, Mohd Hashairi F, Nik Hisamuddin NA, Chew KS, Rashidi A

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Dec;68(6):465-8.
PMID: 24632914 MyJurnal

According to the class of hypovolaemic shock, a blood loss less than 750 ml is not associated with the physiological changes. As a result it may cause a delay in fluid resuscitation. We postulate inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter reduction in inspiration and expiration may resemble the significant volume of blood loss in a healthy adult. We conducted a study to examine the changes of the IVC diameter pre and post blood donation.The inferior vena cava diameter during inspiration (IVCi) and expiration (IVCe) were measured using ultrasound (GE HEALTH) in supine position before and after blood donation of 450 ml. Paired t-test and Wilcoxin rank test were used to analyse the data. Forty two blood donors enrolled during the study period. The mean age of blood donors was 32.3 +/- 8.9 and mainly male blood donors. The mean IVCe of pre and post blood donation was 18.5 +/- 6.2 mm (95%CI 18.23, 18.74) and 16.6 +/- 6.6 mm (95%CI 16.35, 16.76) respectively. Meanwhile, the mean IVCi of pre and post blood donation was 17.1 +/- 8.6 mm (95%CI 16.89,17.30) and 15.6 +/- 6.6 mm (95%CI 15.43,15.81) respectively. The mean difference of IVCe pre and post blood donation was 1.9 +/- 0.5 mm (95%CI 1.75, 2.13) (p<0.001). In contrast, the mean difference of IVCi pre and post blood donation was 1.5 +/- 0.5 mm (95%CI 1.34, 1.68) (p<0.001). As a conclusion, the measurement of IVC diameter by ultrasound can predict the volume of blood loss in simulated type 1 hypovolaemia patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Evaluation of serological transfusion-transmitted viral diseases and mutliplex nucleic acid testing in malaysian blood donors

Yaseen SG, Ahmed SA, Johan MF, Kiron R, Daher AM

Transfus Apher Sci, 2013 Dec;49(3):647-51.
PMID: 23890575 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2013.07.003

Transmission of infectious diseases is a recognized complication of blood transfusion and blood products. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) may contribute to improved efficiency of blood screening and thereby increase the safety margin for transfused blood.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Fulltext Effects of plateletpheresis on blood coagulation parameters in healthy donors at National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Siti Nadiah AK, Nor Asiah M, Nur Syimah AT, Normi M, Anza E, Aini AN, et al.

Transfus Apher Sci, 2013 Dec;49(3):507-10.
PMID: 24055412 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2013.08.004

Plateletpheresis is a method used to remove platelet from the body either from random volunteer donors, patient's family members or HLA matched donors. A cross sectional study was carried out on 59 plateletpheresis donors aged between 18 and 55 years at National Blood Center (NBC), Kuala Lumpur. We compared the blood parameters before and after plateletpheresis and we found that the platelet count, FVIII, fibrinogen and thrombophilia markers anti-thrombin (AT), protein C and protein S were significantly reduced (p<0.05) with prolonged PT and APTT. There were significant changes in blood coagulation parameters but it is within acceptable range.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*

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