Displaying publications 421 - 440 of 485 in total

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  1. Chin KY, Abdul-Majeed S, Fozi NF, Ima-Nirwana S
    Nutrients, 2014 Nov;6(11):4974-83.
    PMID: 25389899 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114974
    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of annatto tocotrienol on indices of bone static histomorphometry in orchidectomized rats. Forty male rats were randomized into baseline (BL), sham (SH), orchidectomized (ORX), annatto tocotrienol-treated (AnTT) and testosterone enanthate-treated (TE) groups. The BL group was sacrificed upon receipt. All rats except the SH group underwent bilateral orchidectomy. Annatto tocotrienol at 60 mg/kg body weight was administered orally daily to the AnTT group for eight weeks. Testosterone enanthate at 7 mg/kg body weight was administered intramuscularly once weekly for eight weeks to the TE group. The rat femurs were collected for static histomorphometric analysis upon necropsy. The results indicated that the ORX group had significantly higher osteoclast surface and eroded surface, and significantly lower osteoblast surface, osteoid surface and osteoid volume compared to the SH group (p < 0.05). Annatto tocotrienol and testosterone enanthate intervention prevented all these changes (p < 0.05). The efficacy of annatto tocotrienol was on par with testosterone enanthate. In conclusion, annatto tocotrienol at 60 mg/kg can prevent the imbalance in bone remodeling caused by increased osteoclast and bone resorption, and decreased osteoblast and bone formation. This serves as a basis for the application of annatto tocotrienol in hypogonadal men as an antiosteoporotic agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Testosterone/deficiency*
  2. Gopal K, Nagarajan P, Shankar EM, Kamarul T, Kumar JM
    Eur J Clin Invest, 2014 Dec;44(12):1169-76.
    PMID: 25315426 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12351
    Angiotensin II (Ang II) and high-fat diet are implicated in causing pathological changes in the vascular endothelium, brain, kidney and liver. The association of aneurysm leading to histopathological changes in the splenic compartment remains elusive. Further, the salubrious credentials of antioxidants, especially α-tocopherol and β-carotene in the resolution of splenic pathology have not been investigated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
  3. Othman N, In LL, Harikrishna JA, Hasima N
    PLoS One, 2013;8(12):e81735.
    PMID: 24339958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081735
    Bcl-xL is an anti-apoptotic protein that is frequently found to be overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer leading to an inhibition of apoptosis and poor prognosis. Recently, the role of miRNAs in regulating apoptosis and cell survival during tumorigenesis has become evident, with cancer cells showing perturbed expression of various miRNAs. In this study, we utilized miRNA microarrays to determine if miRNA dysregulation in bcl-xL silenced lung adenocarcinoma cells could be involved in regulating cell death. Short interfering RNA-based transfection of A549 and SK-LU1 lung adenocarcinoma cells was successful in inducing a reduction in bcl-xL expression levels, resulting in a decrease in cell viability. A total of 10 miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed when compared between siRNA-transfected and non-transfected cells including hsa-miR-181a, hsa-miR-769-5p, hsa-miR-361-5p, hsa-miR-1304 and hsa-miR-608. When overexpression studies on hsa-miR-608 was performed via transfection of miRNA mimics, cell death was found to be induced in A549 and SK-LU1 cells in comparison to untreated cells. This effect was reversed when knockdown studies involving anti-sense inhibitors were introduced. Combination of siRNA based silencing of bcl-xL (siBcl-xL) followed by anti-sense inhibitor transfection led to a decrease in the apoptotic population of A549 and SK-LU1 cells in comparison to cells only treated with siBcl-xL, illustrating the connection between bcl-xL, hsa-miR-608 and cell death. Gene target prediction analysis implicated the PI3K/AKT, WNT, TGF-β, and ERK signaling pathways as targets of bcl-xL induced miRNA alterations. We have demonstrated that bcl-xL silencing in A549 and SK-LU1 cells leads to the occurrence of cell death through the dysregulation of specific miRNAs. This study also provides a platform for anti-sense gene therapy whereby miRNA expression can be exploited to increase the apoptotic properties in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: bcl-X Protein/deficiency*
  4. Song YZ, Zhang ZH, Lin WX, Zhao XJ, Deng M, Ma YL, et al.
    PLoS One, 2013;8(9):e74544.
    PMID: 24069319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074544
    The human SLC25A13 gene encodes citrin, the liver-type mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier isoform 2 (AGC2), and SLC25A13 mutations cause citrin deficiency (CD), a disease entity that encompasses different age-dependant clinical phenotypes such as Adult-onset Citrullinemia Type II (CTLN2) and Neonatal Intrahepatic Cholestasis caused by Citrin Deficiency (NICCD). The analyses of SLC25A13 gene and its protein/mRNA products remain reliable tools for the definitive diagnoses of CD patients, and so far, the SLC25A13 mutation spectrum in Chinese CD patients has not been well-characterized yet.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/deficiency*
  5. Tan KM, Saw S, Sethi SK
    J Clin Lab Anal, 2013 Jul;27(4):301-4.
    PMID: 23852789 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21602
    BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to determine the normal ranges of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(3) (25-OHD(3)), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the markers of bone turnover, procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), in normal healthy women in Singapore, and to explore the relationship between vitamin D, PTH, and these markers of bone turnover in the women.

    METHODS: One hundred and ninety-seven healthy women, aged 25 to 60, were selected from a hospital staff health screening program; 68% were Chinese, 18% Malay, and 14% Indian. P1NP, CTX, and 25-OHD(3) were measured using the Roche Cobas® electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum PTH was measured using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur® immunoassay.

    RESULTS: Sixty-five percent had 25-OHD(3) concentrations <50 nmol/l. Vitamin D insufficiency (25-OHD(3) < 50 nmol/l) was more prevalent in Malays (89%) and Indians (82%) compared to Chinese (56%). There was no correlation between vitamin D and age. PTH positively correlated with age, and Malays and Indians had higher PTH concentrations than Chinese. There was an inverse correlation between PTH and 25-OHD(3), but no threshold of 25-OHD(3) concentrations at which PTH plateaued. The bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX inversely correlated with age but were not different between ethnic groups. CTX and P1NP exhibited good correlation, however, there was no significant correlation between 25-OHD(3) or PTH concentrations and the bone turnover markers P1NP and CTX.

    CONCLUSIONS: Healthy women in Singapore have a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D insufficiency was more prevalent in Malays and Indians compared to Chinese.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology*
  6. Gopal K, Gowtham M, Sachin S, Ravishankar Ram M, Shankar EM, Kamarul T
    Sci Rep, 2015 Dec 16;5:18300.
    PMID: 26670291 DOI: 10.1038/srep18300
    Angiotensin II is one of the key regulatory peptides implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease. The mechanisms underlying the salubrious role of α-tocopherol and β-carotene on liver pathology have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the role of Angiotensin II on hepatic damage and if α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation attenuates hepatic damage. Hepatic damage was induced in Apoe(-/-)mice by infusion of Angiotensin II followed by oral administration with α-tocopherol and β-carotene-enriched diet for 60 days. Investigations showed fibrosis, kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatocyte degeneration and hepatic cell apoptosis; sinusoidal dilatation along with haemorrhages; evidence of fluid accumulation; increased ROS level and increased AST and ALT activities. In addition, tPA and uPA were down-regulated due to 42-fold up-regulation of PAI-1. MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-12, and M-CSF were down-regulated in Angiotensin II-treated animals. Notably, α-tocopherol and β-carotene treatment controlled ROS, fibrosis, hepatocyte degeneration, kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatocyte apoptosis, sinusoidal dilatation and fluid accumulation in the liver sinusoids, and liver enzyme levels. In addition, PAI-1, tPA and uPA expressions were markedly controlled by β-carotene treatment. Thus, Angiotensin II markedly influenced hepatic damage possibly by restraining fibrinolytic system. We concluded that α-tocopherol and β-carotene treatment has salubrious role in repairing hepatic pathology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Apolipoproteins E/deficiency*
  7. Mohd Khialdin S, Grigg J, Rowe N, Crofts S, Wilson M, Troedson C
    PMID: 26396085 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-015-9511-0
    Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is an X-linked neurometabolic genetic disorder with variable systemic manifestations. So far, only one patient with retinal anomalies has been reported, but no visual electrophysiology findings were described. We report the first description of visual electrophysiology in a child with PGK deficiency. This provides further information for the site of involvement in the eye.
    Matched MeSH terms: Phosphoglycerate Kinase/deficiency*
  8. Hicks CC, Cohen PJ, Graham NAJ, Nash KL, Allison EH, D'Lima C, et al.
    Nature, 2019 10;574(7776):95-98.
    PMID: 31554969 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1592-6
    Micronutrient deficiencies account for an estimated one million premature deaths annually, and for some nations can reduce gross domestic product1,2 by up to 11%, highlighting the need for food policies that focus on improving nutrition rather than simply increasing the volume of food produced3. People gain nutrients from a varied diet, although fish-which are a rich source of bioavailable micronutrients that are essential to human health4-are often overlooked. A lack of understanding of the nutrient composition of most fish5 and how nutrient yields vary among fisheries has hindered the policy shifts that are needed to effectively harness the potential of fisheries for food and nutrition security6. Here, using the concentration of 7 nutrients in more than 350 species of marine fish, we estimate how environmental and ecological traits predict nutrient content of marine finfish species. We use this predictive model to quantify the global spatial patterns of the concentrations of nutrients in marine fisheries and compare nutrient yields to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in human populations. We find that species from tropical thermal regimes contain higher concentrations of calcium, iron and zinc; smaller species contain higher concentrations of calcium, iron and omega-3 fatty acids; and species from cold thermal regimes or those with a pelagic feeding pathway contain higher concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids. There is no relationship between nutrient concentrations and total fishery yield, highlighting that the nutrient quality of a fishery is determined by the species composition. For a number of countries in which nutrient intakes are inadequate, nutrients available in marine finfish catches exceed the dietary requirements for populations that live within 100 km of the coast, and a fraction of current landings could be particularly impactful for children under 5 years of age. Our analyses suggest that fish-based food strategies have the potential to substantially contribute to global food and nutrition security.
    Matched MeSH terms: Micronutrients/deficiency*
  9. Tratman EK
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A Deficiency
  10. Lowther AH
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A Deficiency
  11. Jamian, E., Sanip, Z., Ramli, M., Mohd Daud, K., Mohamad, S., Hassan, R.
    MyJurnal
    Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) frequently occurs in haemodialysis
    (HD) patients undergoing recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO)
    therapy and is commonly associated with rHuEPO hypo-responsiveness.
    However, the conventional iron indices are inadequate to exhibit the status or
    utilisation of iron during erythropoiesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate
    the accuracy and usefulness of the reticulocyte haemoglobin (RET-He) test
    for diagnosing IDA in HD patients undergoing rHuEPO therapy. Methods: In
    this cross-sectional study, fifty-five blood samples of HD patients on rHuEPO
    therapy were collected and analysed for haematological and biochemical
    parameters. A receiver operating characteristics curve was also plotted for
    sensitivity and specificity analysis. IDA detection rates by RET-He, soluble
    transferrin receptor (sTfR) and serum ferritin were 63.64%, 3.64% and 0%,
    respectively. RET-He level was significantly correlated with sTfR level, mean
    cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin level and the transferrin receptor-ferritin
    index. The sensitivity and specificity of RET-He in detecting IDA were 78.3%
    and 92.0%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.864. IDA was more
    frequently detected by RET-He than by ferritin or sTfR in HD patients
    undergoing rHuEPO therapy. The RET-He level also showed higher sensitivity
    and specificity for the iron status in these patients. Therefore, RET-He is a
    useful biomarker for the detection of IDA in HD patients undergoing rHuEPO
    therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
  12. Al-Herz W, Al-Ahmad M, Al-Khabaz A, Husain A, Sadek A, Othman Y
    Front Immunol, 2019;10:1754.
    PMID: 31396239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01754
    Objective: To present the report from the Kuwait National Primary Immunodeficiency Registry between 2004 and 2018. Methods: The patients were followed prospectively between January 2004 and December 2018 and their collected data included sociodemographic, diagnosis, clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and treatment. Results: A total of 314 PID patients (165 males and 149 females) were registered during the study period. Most of the patients (n = 287, 91.4%) were Kuwaiti nationals and the prevalence among Kuwaitis was 20.27/100,000 with a cumulative incidence of 24.96/100,000 Kuwaitis. The distribution of the patients according to PID categories was as follow: immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity, 100 patients (31.8%); combined immunodeficiencies with associated syndromic features, 68 patients (21.7%); predominantly antibody deficiencies, 56 patients (17.8%); diseases of immune dysregulation, 47 patients (15%); congenital defects of phagocyte number or function, 20 patients (6.4%); autoinflammatory disorders, 1 patient (0.3%); and complement deficiencies, 22 patients (7%). The mean age of the patients at onset of symptoms was 26 months while the mean age at diagnosis was 53 months and the mean delay in diagnosis was 27 months. Most of the patients (n = 272, 86%) had onset of symptoms before the age of 5 years. Parental consanguinity rate within the registered patients was 78% and a positive family history of PID was noticed in 50% of the patients. Genetic testing was performed in 69% of the patients with an overall diagnostic yield of 90%. Mutations were identified in 46 different genes and more than 90% of the reported genetic defects were transmitted by an autosomal recessive pattern. Intravenous immunoglobulins and stem cell transplantation were used in 58% and 25% of the patients, respectively. There were 81 deaths (26%) among the registered patients with a mean age of death of 25 months. Conclusions: PID is not infrequent in Kuwait and the reported prevalence is the highest in the literature with increased proportion of more severe forms. Collaborative efforts including introduction of newborn screening should be implemented to diagnose such cases earlier and improve the quality of life and prevent premature deaths.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
  13. Jamil NA, Shahudin NN, Abdul Aziz NS, Jia Qi C, Wan Aminuddin WAA, Mat Ludin AF, et al.
    PMID: 31783521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234735
    This study assessed knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) related to vitamin D and its relationship with vitamin D status among Malay female office workers. A total of 147 women aged between 20 and 55 years were recruited from a university in Kuala Lumpur. They answered questionnaires related to KAP on vitamin D, sun exposure, dietary vitamin D intake and physical activity. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was analysed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Nearly half (45%) of the subjects had good knowledge but moderate attitude (76%) and practice (84%) towards sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake. Median serum 25OHD was 34.1 nmol/L with the majority (91%) had vitamin D insufficiency (25OHD < 50 nmol/L). Knowledge was weakly associated with attitude (r = 0.29, p < 0.001) but no association was found between knowledge and practice (r = 0.08, p = 0.355) nor attitude and practice (r = -0.001, p = 0.994). Serum 25OHD was positively associated with sunlight exposure (r = 0.22, p = 0.008) and dietary vitamin D intake (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). It can be implied that this group is at increased risk of low bone health status, which highlights the needs of public health campaigns to improve their vitamin D status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin D Deficiency
  14. Abdullah N, Ismail N, Abd Jalal N, Mohd Radin F, Othman R, Kamalul Arifin AS, et al.
    Ann Hematol, 2020 Nov;99(11):2521-2527.
    PMID: 32975589 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04279-w
    This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia amongst the Malaysian Cohort participants and the associated risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study that involved 102,388 participants from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) aged between 35 and 70 years old recruited from April 2006 to September 2012. Venous blood was taken for the full blood count. The prevalence of anaemia was 13.8% with majority having the microcytic-hypochromic type (59.7%). Comparison between the ethnic groups showed that Indians have the highest prevalence of anaemia (19.9%), followed by Malays (13.1%), and Chinese (12.0%). The prevalence of anaemia was substantially higher in females (20.1%) compared to males (4.9%). Amongst the female participants, the prevalence of anaemia was highest amongst those who were younger than 49 years old and decreased as the age increased. In contrast, the prevalence of anaemia in males increased with age. Gender, ethnicity, age, marital status, presence of platelet disorders and kidney disease were significant risk factors associated with anaemia and contributed to 14.9% of the risk of developing anaemia in this population. The prevalence of anaemia amongst the Malaysian Cohort participants is 13.8% with the majority having the microcytic and hypochromic type implying iron deficiency as the main cause. It is important that those who have anaemia be further investigated and treated.
    Study name: The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) project
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
  15. Yikilmaz AŞ, Akinci S, Bakanay ŞM, Dilek İ
    Malays J Med Sci, 2020 Feb;27(1):70-77.
    PMID: 32158346 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.1.7
    Introduction: Vitamin D, which is known for its effects on calcium and bone metabolism, has recently been associated with haematological malignancies. We aimed to investigate the relationship between disease findings and vitamin D deficiency in essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV).

    Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted in Turkey included 73 patients diagnosed with PV or ET according to WHO criteria between 2012 and 2018. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-OH vitamin D < 20 ng/mL. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation.

    Results: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 66.7% of PV and 74.2% of ET patients. The median follow-up time of ET and PV patients was 48 months and 47 months, respectively. Patients with the JAK2 mutation had a higher prevalence of a history of thrombosis and age older than 65 years. There was a significant relationship between JAK2 positivity and vitamin D deficiency.

    Conclusion: There was a remarkably higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in JAK2 mutation-positive ET and PV patients. These patients should be carefully evaluated for vitamin D deficiency. More studies are required to further investigate the association between JAK2 and vitamin D.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin D Deficiency
  16. Massaad MJ, Zainal M, Al-Herz W
    Front Immunol, 2020;11:1119.
    PMID: 32582199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01119
    Objectives: To present a prospective report on the characteristics of autoimmune manifestations in patients with primary immunodeficient children registered in the Kuwait National PIDs Registry (KNPIDR). Methods: The data were obtained from the Kuwait National Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders Registry during the period of January 2004 to December 2019. Results: A total of 286 PID children were registered in KNPIDR during the study period with a predominance of immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity followed by combined immunodeficiencies with associated syndromic features and diseases of immune dysregulation. Fifty-seven (19.9%) patients presented with a total of 107 autoimmune manifestations. There was no significant statistical association between autoimmune manifestations and gender. Patients with autoimmune manifestations were older at onset of PID symptoms compared to those with no such manifestations, but this did not reach level of significance. The diagnosis delay was longer in patients with autoimmune manifestations compared to those with no such manifestations (p = 0.038). Forty-seven percent of these manifestations were among the presenting symptoms while 53% were documented later during the course of the disease. Fifty-seven percent of the patients developed 1 autoimmune manifestation, 30% developed 2 such manifestations, and 16% had ≥3 autoimmune manifestations. The most common autoimmune manifestation was cytopenia, followed by gastrointestinal manifestations and manifestations of the skin, hair, and nails. Autoimmune cytopenia were more common in patients with immune dysregulation syndromes, while gastrointestinal and skin manifestations predominate in patients with immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity and endocrine manifestations were more common in immune dysregulation syndromes. There were significant statistical associations between developing autoimmune manifestations and death as well as PID categories, being more common in patients with immune dysregulation. The frequency of autoimmunity was high among patients with RAG, WAS, STAT5b, NF-κB2, Fas, FasL, LRBA, APECED, IL-10, and C4 deficiencies. Conclusions: Autoimmunity is frequent in patients with PIDs in Kuwait. This should prompt the suspicion of a PID in patients who present initially with autoimmunity, especially autoimmune cytopenia. Such patients should be managed with extra care since they are at a higher risk of death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
  17. Mat Johar F, Wan Sulaiman WA, Mat Saad AZ, Basiron N, Sahid NA
    Int J Surg Case Rep, 2020;72:202-206.
    PMID: 32544829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.05.036
    INTRODUCTION: Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome (BRBNS) also known as Bean's Syndrome is an atypical type of vascular malformation. To date, around 200 cases have been reported world-wide. In view of its low incidence rate, clinicians might misdiagnose and under treat. The key features of this syndrome are characterized by multiple cutaneous, soft tissue and gastrointestinal tract venous malformations.

    PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report the first case of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome in Malaysia, a 23 years old Malay girl who suffers from multiple cutaneous venous malformation and gastrointestinal bleeding episodes.

    DISCUSSION: The typical morbidity for this syndrome is symptomatic anemia due to secondary iron deficiency due to the gastrointestinal venous malformation bleeding. In managing the gastrointestinal bleeding, it mainly depends on the severity of gastrointestinal bleeding, some may resolve spontaneously, while the others may be needing blood transfusion, and some may require GIT resections. As for cutaneous lesions, normally it is innocuous depending on the region and size. Large or problematic cutaneous venous malformation might benefit from sclerotherapy or excision.

    CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary approach is crucial in managing BRBNS case due to its complexity and the spectrum of multiple organ involvement to ensure the best outcome to the patient.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
  18. Low, Qin Jian, Hong, Eric Qiu Weng, Cheo Seng Wee
    MyJurnal
    Pernicious anaemia is an autoimmune disorder where vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by autoantibodies that interfere with vitamin B12 absorption by targeting intrinsic factor or parietal cells or both. It is commonly associated with anaemia, rarely pancytopenia. Here we reported two cases of pancytopenia due to undiagnosed pernicious anaemia. First case was a 26-year-old man presented with lethargy and reduced effort tolerance, associated with postural giddiness and palpitation. Clinically, he was pale with no other findings. On blood investigations, the patient was diagnosed pancytopenia secondary to pernicious anaemia. He was treated with daily subcutaneous injection of vitamin B12 cyanocobalamin 1 mg for one week followed by weekly injection for a month and subsequently with lifelong monthly subcutaneous injection. After receiving 2 weeks of B12 replacement, his full blood count had normalized and his symptoms resolved. Second case was a 65-year-old man presented with yellowish discolouration of the eyes with lethargy. On examination, he was pale with jaundice. On blood investigations, the patient was diagnosed pancytopenia secondary to pernicious anaemia. He was started with intramuscular injection of 1000 mcg vitamin B12 replacement daily for one week followed by monthly for 6 months. After one week of B12 replacement, his full blood count had normalized. He was started on lifelong 3 monthly injections of vitamin B12 replacement and he remained symptom free. Patients with pernicious anaemia often present with general signs and symptoms which occur insidiously. It is important that early diagnosis is made to avoid harmful complications such as neuropsychiatric disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
  19. Glen Wendell Sibadogil, Aza Sherin Mohamad Yusuff, Shahrezza Suhaimi Rinin
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Anaemia in pregnancy is a major cause of disability worldwide, with a prevalence of more than 20% in >80% countries worldwide. Of those affected, roughly 50% are due to iron-deficiency anaemia, but there is some variation across different populations due to local culture and practices. Anaemia affects 38% of pregnant women worldwide, while in Malaysia the prevalence is 35%. The study aim is to determine the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in 2 rural districts in Sabah as well as knowledge, attitude and practices towards anaemia in these women. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was done in Tongod and Kinabatangan Districts involving 217 pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation who attended antenatal check-up at 6 government clin-ics in these districts. An interview using a standardized questionnaire was conducted by community nurses at the respective clinics. Sociodemographic and antenatal details was collected, including information about knowledge, attitude and practices toward anaemia. The Chi-square test was used to compare anaemia at 36 weeks with select-ed sociodemographic and antenatal factors, as well as KAP factors. Results: The mean age of women in the study was 28.4 ± 5.9 years, and the mean haemoglobin level at around 36 weeks age of gestation was 11.0 ± 1.1 g/dL. Prevalence of anaemia in these women was 52%. Most of the answers in the KAP section reflected the relatively high awareness about anaemia in pregnancy and methods to lessen its effects. A significant association was found between anaemia at 36 weeks and monthly family income, defaulting on iron supplements, caffeine beverages taken with meals, and dietary restrictions (p = 0.010, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.017 respectively). Conclusion: The high preva-lence of anaemia among pregnant women in these 2 districts reflects the practices of these women despite high levels of knowledge of anaemia. More effort needs to be done to apply this knowledge to decrease anaemia in pregnant women in rural areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
  20. Putra WE, Rifa'i M
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Jul;31(2):175-185.
    PMID: 32922674 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.9
    Aplastic anemia, life-threatened disease, is a hematologic disorder characterised by bone marrow hypoplasia. Multiple modalities such as bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppression treatment have been proposed to ameliorate this entity, however it remains ineffective. Sambucus, a group of herb plants, possesses a broad spectrum of medicinal properties such as antioxidant, insulin-like activity, anticancer and antiviral. However, the study about its activity toward aplastic anemia incidence is based on limited data. Thus, the research aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of Sambucus javanica in chloramphenicol-induced anemia aplastic mouse model. In this present study, BALB/c mice were administrated with chloramphenicol (CMP) to induce aplastic anemia then followed by S. javanica extracts treatment. Additionally, cellular and molecular aspects were evaluated by flow cytometry and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Further analysis showed that S. javanica extracts could promote the population number of regulatory T-cells and naive cytotoxic T-cells. Moreover, those extract also reduced the inflammation and necrotic incidence in CMP-induced mouse aplastic anemia model. Together, these results suggest that S. javanica has therapeutically effect to aplastic anemia by altering the immune system as an immunomodulatory agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
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