Displaying publications 421 - 440 of 1034 in total

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  1. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-Raman: An effective complementary approach to analyze renal-calculi
    Muhammed Shameem KM, Chawla A, Mallya M, Barik BK, Unnikrishnan VK, Kartha VB, et al.
    J Biophotonics, 2018 06;11(6):e201700271.
    PMID: 29411942 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700271
    Presence of renal-calculi (kidney stones) in human urethra is being increasingly diagnosed over the last decade and is considered as one of the most painful urological disorders. Accurate analysis of such stones plays a vital role in the evaluation of urolithiasis patients and in turn helps the clinicians toward exact etiologies. Two highly complementary laser-based analytical techniques; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and micro-Raman spectroscopy have been used to identify the chemical composition of different types of renal-calculi. LIBS explores elemental characteristics while Raman spectroscopy provides molecular details of the sample. This complete information on the sample composition might help clinicians to identify the key aspects of the formation of kidney stones, hence assist in therapeutic management and to prevent recurrence. The complementarity of both techniques has been emphasized and discussed. LIBS spectra of different types of stones suggest the probable composition of it by virtue of the major, minor and trace elements detected from the sample. However, it failed to differentiate the crystalline form of different hydrates of calcium oxalate stone. This lacuna was overcome by the use of Raman spectroscopy and these results are compared with conventional chemical analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
  2. Fulltext Plasma Cystatin C and estimates of Glomerular filtration rate using Cystatin C independently diagnose acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with Sepsis
    Azrina Md Ralib, Iqbalmunawwir Ab Rashid, Nur Aisyah Ishak, Suhaila Nanyan, Nur Fariza Ramly, Mohd Basri Mat Nor
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):8-8.
    MyJurnal
    Plasma Cystatin C (CysC) is as an early functional marker for acute kidney
    injury. Estimates of glomerular filtration rate using CysC (eGFRCysC) has been used in
    some clinical setting. We evaluated the utility of CysC and eGFRCysC in diagnosing acute
    kidney injury (AKI) and predicting death in critically ill patients with sepsis. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury
  3. Fulltext RNA sequencing of kidney and liver transcriptome obtained from wild cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) originating from Peninsular Malaysia
    Ee Uli J, Yong CS, Yeap SK, Alitheen NB, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Mat Isa N, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2018 Dec 22;11(1):923.
    PMID: 30577850 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-4014-1
    OBJECTIVE: Using high-throughput RNA sequencing technology, this study aimed to sequence the transcriptome of kidney and liver tissues harvested from Peninsular Malaysia cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). M. fascicularis are significant nonhuman primate models in the biomedical field, owing to the macaque's biological similarities with humans. The additional transcriptomic dataset will supplement the previously described Peninsular Malaysia M. fascicularis transcriptomes obtained in a past endeavour.

    RESULTS: A total of 75,350,240 sequence reads were obtained via Hi-seq 2500 sequencing technology. A total of 5473 significant differentially expressed genes were called. Gene ontology functional categorisation showed that cellular process, catalytic activity, and cell part categories had the highest number of expressed genes, while the metabolic pathways category possessed the highest number of expressed genes in the KEGG pathway analysis. The additional sequence dataset will further enrich existing M. fascicularis transcriptome assemblies, and provide a dataset for further downstream studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney
  4. Assessment of antiviral and antibiotic combination treatment in influenza-A H1N1 induced acute kidney injury among hospitalized patients
    Ishaqui AA, Khan AH, Syed Sulaiman SA, Alsultan MT, Khan I, Al Nami H
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2019 May;32(3 (Supplementary)):1225-1233.
    PMID: 31326884
    The aim of the study is to assess and compare the impact of antiviral drug alone and in combination with antibiotic for prevention of Influenza-A H1N1 induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients. Hospitalized admitted patients with confirmed diagnosis of Influenza-A H1N1 infection were divided into two groups: group 1, which received antiviral (oseltamivir) drug alone and group 2, which received antiviral (oseltamivir) in combination with empirically prescribed antibiotic. Patients of both groups were assessed for incidences of AKI by two criteria i.e Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) and RIFLE. A total of 329 patients (176 for group 1 and 153 for group 2) were enrolled. According to RIFLE criteria, 23(13%) of group 1 and 9(6%) patients of groups 2 were suffered from AKI with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Also as per AKIN criteria, the incidence of AKI is statistically significantly difference (P<0.05) between both groups with 18(10%) patients and 6(4%) patients of group 1 and 2 respectively. Length of hospitalization was statistically less (P<0.05) in group 2 patients. The incidences of AKI in Influenza-A H1N1 treated with antiviral and antibiotic combination was statistically less as compared to patients who were given antiviral alone for treatment of influenza infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury
  5. Fulltext Diabetic ketoacidosis in end stage renal failure patient on maintenance dialysis – key challenges in management
    Xue Meng Lim, Christopher Thiam Seong Lim
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):345-347.
    MyJurnal
    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a medical emergency which requires prompt management to prevent mortality. Treat- ment is complicated in end stage renal failure (ESRF) patients due to their altered physiology in sugar metabolism and fluid haemodynamics. To date, there are only a few case reports illustrating the presentation and management of DKA in ESRF patients and a definite guideline on treatment of DKA in ESRF is seriously lacking. We report here a case of an ESRF patient on maintenance haemodialysis, who develops DKA due to missed insulin, and outline our successful treatment plan. We hope our reported case report research can further contribute to the knowledge of DKA management in ESRF.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  6. Fulltext Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Regenerative Potential and Challenges
    Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Dahiya R, Dahiya S, Sudhakar K, Kumari U, et al.
    Biology (Basel), 2021 Feb 25;10(3).
    PMID: 33668707 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030172
    Evidence suggests that stem cells exert regenerative potential via the release of extracellular vesicles. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSCEVs) offer therapeutic benefits for various pathophysiological ailments by restoring tissues. Facts suggest that MSCEV action can be potentiated by modifying the mesenchymal stem cells culturing methodology and bioengineering EVs. Limited clinical trials of MSCEVs have questioned their superiority, culturing quality, production scale-up and isolation, and administration format. Translation of preclinically successful MSCEVs into a clinical platform requires paying attention to several critical matters, such as the production technique, quantification/characterization, pharmacokinetics/targeting/transfer to the target site, and the safety profile. Keeping these issues as a priority, the present review was designed to highlight the challenges in translating preclinical MSCEV research into clinical platforms and provide evidence for the regenerative potential of MSCEVs in various conditions of the liver, kidney, heart, nervous system, bone, muscle, cartilage, and other organs/tissues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney
  7. Fulltext Accidental Puncture of a Dialysis Catheter into the Brachiocephalic Trunk
    Md Noh MSF
    Aorta (Stamford), 2020 Oct;8(5):159-160.
    PMID: 33368104 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715466
    A 22-year-old male with underlying end-stage renal failure was referred to our center for a malpositioned dialysis catheter. Imaging showed the tip of the catheter to be placed in the brachiocephalic trunk; the patient was, however, asymptomatic. Surgical removal of the malpositioned catheter followed, with no postoperative complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  8. Fulltext A Treatable Encephalopathy in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient - Cefepime-Induced Encephalopathy
    Khoo CS, Tee TY, Tan HJ, Ali RA
    J Neurosci Rural Pract, 2019 4 20;10(2):324-326.
    PMID: 31001027 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_315_18
    We report a patient with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis, who developed encephalopathy after receiving a few doses of cefepime. He recovered clinically and electroencephalographically after having discontinued the culprit agent and undergone hemodialysis. This case highlights the importance of promptly recognizing this reversible encephalopathy, which can lead to the avoidance of unnecessary workup, reduce the length of hospital stay, and thereby improve the patients' outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  9. Room Temperature Ionic Liquids-Based Electrochemical Sensors: An Overview on Paracetamol Detection
    Rama R, Meenakshi S, Pandian K, Gopinath SCB
    Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2021 Feb 23.
    PMID: 33622098 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1882834
    Paracetamol (PAR) is an effective antipyretic and analgesic drug utilized worldwide, safer at therapeutic levels but over-dosing and the chronic usage of PAR results in accumulation of toxic metabolites, which leads to kidney and liver damages. Hence, a simple, rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive analytical technique is needed for the accurate determination of PAR in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Though numerous techniques have been reported for PAR detection, electrochemical methods are being receiving more interest due to their advantages. Moreover, in the past few decades, room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been utilized in electrochemical sensors due to their attractive properties. In this present review, authors gathered research findings available for the determination of PAR using RTIL-based electrochemical sensors and discussed. The advantages and limitations in these systems as well as the future research directions are summarized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney
  10. Fulltext ‘Sub-superscan’ in bone scan – an important feature of extensive bone metastases
    Khadijah Abdul Hamid, Mohammad Nazri Md Shah
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(102):75-77.
    MyJurnal
    A Superscan is described as a ‘beautiful bone scan’. In a superscan, the uptake of 99mTc-Methelene Diphosphonate (MDP) is prominent in the skeleton relative to soft tissue with absent or faint visualisation of the kidneys. This finding could be misinterpreted as a normal bone scan. A ‘Sub-superscan’ is a term used for scan findings in which the up- take is atypical of a superscan, but the patient has extensive bone metastases, as presented in our case report.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney
  11. Nuclear factor-kappa B subunits and their prognostic cancer-specific survival value in renal cell carcinoma patients
    Ng KL, Yap NY, Rajandram R, Small D, Pailoor J, Ong TA, et al.
    Pathology, 2018 Aug;50(5):511-518.
    PMID: 29935727 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.03.003
    Better characterisation and understanding of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression lead to better diagnosis and clinical outcomes. In this study, expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunits: p65 (RelA), p105/p50, p100/p52, and cRel in RCC tissue were compared with corresponding normal kidney, along with tumour characteristics and survival outcome. Ninety-six cases of RCC with paired normal kidney were analysed. Clinicopathological data, demographics and survival data were available. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NF-κB subtypes was analysed using the Aperio digital pathology system for overall cellular expression and localisation. The prognostic cancer-specific survival value of the subunits in RCC patients was analysed. Approximately 50% of patients had clinical stage T1, with 22 patients having metastases at presentation. RCC subtypes were: clear cell (n = 76); papillary (n = 11); chromophobe (n = 5); clear cell tubulopapillary (n = 3); and one multilocular cystic RCC. Median follow up was 54.5 months (0.2-135), with 28 deaths at time of analysis. NF-κB p65 had higher overall and nuclear expressions, with lower overall and nuclear expressions of p50, p52 and cRel in RCC compared with normal kidney. Higher expressions of p65 (nuclear), p52 (overall and nuclear) and p50 (overall) correlated significantly with worse cancer-specific survival. This is the first large series of analysis of expression of NF-κB subunits in RCC. Especially with regards to the less studied subunits (p52, p50, cRel), our results allow a better understanding the role of NF-κB in RCC development and progression, and may pave the way for future targeted NF-κB subunit specific therapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism*; Kidney Neoplasms/mortality; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
  12. Fulltext Entrance Surface Dose Measurement and Lifetime Attribute Risk Analysis from Postero-anterior Chest X-ray Imaging via Direct and Indirect Measurement
    Kamal, I., Salehhon, N., Hashim, S., Musa, Y., Abdul Karim, M. K.
    Physics and Technology in Medicine, 2020;1(2):20-26.
    MyJurnal
    The aimed of this study is to estimate the entrance surface dose (ESD) of routine chest X-ray (CXR) examination and to compare the direct and indirect measurement. This study also extended to relate with the patients body thickness and established lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of the examinations. A total of 101 CXR examinations in posteroanterior (PA) projections were selected
    as subjects and data, such as patient habitus and scanning acquisition parameters were recorded. The mean ESD value obtained from the TLD-100 and the software calculation was 0.31 mGy and 0.17 mGy, respectively. The percentage deviation obtained ranged from 25.5% to 61.3%. In comparison with the national diagnostic reference level (DRL), the mean values of ESD obtained from this study were lower by a factor of 3. Furthermore, it was observed that the mean absorbed dose of the adrenals, kidneys, lungs, oesophagus, and heart walls were lower as compared to the ESD value. The examinations were only associated with very low risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Hence, the results of this study suggested a need for standardisations of the personnel training to perform X-ray examinations according to ALARA principles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney
  13. Fulltext The Ethics of the Reuse of Disposable Medical Supplies
    Das AK, Okita T, Enzo A, Asai A
    Asian Bioeth Rev, 2020 Jun;12(2):103-116.
    PMID: 33717332 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-020-00114-6
    The use of single-use items (SUDs) is now ubiquitous in medical practice. Because of the high costs of these items, the practice of reusing them after sterilisation is also widespread especially in resource-poor economies. However, the ethics of reusing disposable items remain unclear. There are several analogous conditions, which could shed light on the ethics of reuse of disposables. These include the use of restored kidney transplantation and the use of generic drugs etc. The ethical issues include the question of patient safety and the possibility of infection. It is also important to understand the role (or otherwise) of informed consent before reuse of disposables. The widespread practice of reuse may bring down high healthcare costs and also reduce the huge amount of hospital waste that is generated. The reuse of disposables can be justified on various grounds including the safety and the cost effectiveness of this practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Transplantation
  14. Fulltext Bradycardia, renal failure, atrioventricular nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia: An important syndrome to recognize
    Wong CK, Jaafar MJ
    Turk J Emerg Med, 2021 02 12;21(2):86-89.
    PMID: 33969246 DOI: 10.4103/2452-2473.309138
    BRASH syndrome is a syndrome characterized by bradycardia, renal failure, usage of atrioventricular (AV) nodal blocker, shock, and hyperkalemia (BRASH). It is more common among patients with multiple comorbidities such as cardiac disease, kidney dysfunction, and hypertension requiring AV nodal blockers. Cardiac conduction abnormalities are frequently caused by severe hyperkalemia. However, it may also occur in mild-to-moderate hyperkalemia with concomitant use of AV nodal blockers due to the synergistic effects between these two factors in the presence of renal insufficiency. It is essential for the physician to identify BRASH syndrome as the treatment may differ from standard advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) protocol. We report the two cases of patient who presented with BRASH syndrome who failed to respond to standard ACLS protocol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney
  15. Resolution of rare palatal brown tumour after parathyroidectomy
    Lim CT, Thevandran TK
    Clin Exp Nephrol, 2017 Apr;21(2):352-353.
    PMID: 27339441 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1292-6
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications; Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy*
  16. Fulltext Effect of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on ifosfamide-induced in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity
    Ilyas S, Tabasum R, Iftikhar A, Nazir M, Hussain A, Hussain A, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 01 18;11(1):1708.
    PMID: 33462261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80579-5
    Ifosfamide is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent having broad-spectrum efficacy against several tumors. However, nephro, hepato, neuro cardio, and hematological toxicities associated with ifosfamide render its use limited. These side effects could range from organ failure to life-threatening situations. The present study aimed to evaluate the attenuating efficiency of Berberis vulgaris root extract (BvRE), a potent nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and lipid-lowering agent, against ifosfamide-induced toxicities. The study design comprised eight groups of Swiss albino rats to assess different dose regimes of BvRE and ifosfamide. Biochemical analysis of serum (serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) along with complete blood count was performed. Kidney, liver, brain, and heart tissue homogenates were used to find malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase levels in addition to the acetylcholinesterase of brain tissue. The results were further validated with the help of the histopathology of the selected organs. HeLa cells were used to assess the effect of BvRE on ifosfamide cytotoxicity in MTT assay. The results revealed that pre- and post-treatment regimens of BvRE, as well as the combination therapy exhibited marked protective effects against ifosfamide-induced nephro, hepato, neuro, and cardiotoxicity. Moreover, ifosfamide depicted a synergistic in vitro cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells in the presence of BvRE. These results corroborate that the combination therapy of ifosfamide with BvRE in cancer treatment can potentiate the anticancer effects of ifosfamide along with the amelioration of its conspicuous side effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/drug effects*; Kidney/metabolism; Kidney/pathology
  17. Renal sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity in early streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease
    Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Yam MF, Abdullah GZ, et al.
    Neurourol Urodyn, 2011 Mar;30(3):438-46.
    PMID: 21284025 DOI: 10.1002/nau.21007
    We assessed the role of renal sympathetic nervous system in the deterioration of renal hemodynamic and excretory functions in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/blood supply; Kidney/innervation*; Kidney/physiopathology
  18. Fulltext Bilateral Stress Fractures of the Femoral Neck from RenalOsteomalacia: A Case Report
    Sengupta, S.
    Malays Orthop J, 2008;2(1):55-57.
    MyJurnal
    A rare case of spontaneous bilateral stress fractures of femoral neck leading to coxa vara in a young female with history of chronic renal disease and secondary osteomalacia is described. Once the underlying disease was controlled, the fracture was treated by valgus osteotomy with good result.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  19. Fulltext Tuberous sclerosis with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and renal angiomyolipomas
    Hui Min Chong, Shien Yee Ng
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2014;8(2):30-34.
    MyJurnal
    The case report describes the presentation of a 19-year old female with tuberous sclerosis who presented with progressive dyspnoea over 2 days.
    Chest radiograph revealed bilateral pneumothorax. Computed tomography showed features of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and bilateral renal angiomyolipomas. The coexistence of both conditions may cause devastating morbidity and mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms
  20. Fulltext Bilateral Proximal Femur Fractures in a Patient with Renal Tubular Acidosis: A Case Report
    Charl SS, Shahrul-Hisham S, Mohamad-Sha S
    Malays Orthop J, 2018 Mar;12(1):42-44.
    PMID: 29725512 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1803.009
    The diagnosis of pathological fractures is on the rise. The morbidity involved does not only burden the patient and their families but it has a great toll on the healthcare system as well. Early identification of the patient at risk is an invaluable tool to cut cost and improve the patient's quality of life. Multiple renal pathologies have been highlighted in relation to the risk of pathological fractures; however, complications in renal tubular acidosis have been rarely documented. Nevertheless, prompt action with adequate and relevant patient education ultimately can reduce the associated morbidity. We present a case of poor control of the disease and its debilitating pathological fracture complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney
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