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Fulltext Stress and coping strategies among retired people in Malaysia: a qualitative study

Al-Naggar, Redhwan Ahmed, Chen, Robert

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;12(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

Objective: This study explored the stress and coping strategies among retired people in Malaysia. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 36 elderly Malaysian subjects. This protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Management and Science University. The data obtained were sorted into various categories. Results: A total number of 36 retired elderly people participated in this study. The majority of them were in the age group of 55-59 years old, females, Malay and married. The majority defined stress as pressure or tension. Financial difficulties, family and work problems were the main causes of stress in the majority. Also, the majority of respondents mentioned that they coped with stress by sharing problems with others, by resting and relaxing, and/or by doing housework during their free time. A few of them coped with stress by hanging out with friends, going shopping,
doing photography, travelling, going fishing, and doing sports. Conclusion: Financial difficulties, family and work problems were the main causes of stress among elderly people. They coped with stress by sharing problems with others, resting and relaxing, and/or doing housework during their free time.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Can dark chocolate alleviate anxiety, depressive and stress symptoms among trainee nurses? A parallel, open-label study

Lua PL, Wong SY

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;12(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

Objective: This interventional study was aimed to investigate the effects of dark chocolate
consumption on anxiety, depression, and stress (ADS) among trainee nurses. Methods: A
parallel and open-label experimental study was conducted. Of the 128 nurses enrolled, only 47 participated in the intervention study (mean age = 20.32 years; ranging from 19 to 22 years old). They were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG, n = 25) or a control group (CG, n = 22). The IG consumed dark chocolate and CG ingested mineral water for 3 consecutive days. The validated Malay Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were utilised for measuring ADS levels. Data were analysed descriptively and score comparisons were conducted using non-parametric tests. Results: No significant differences between IG and CG in ADS scores were detected at baseline (all p > 0.05). At post-consumption, ADS score were significantly reduced in IG (all p < 0.01) compared with CG (all p < 0.05). Larger effect sizes among these respondents had also revealed that there were mood-elevating effects of dark chocolate consumption. Conclusion: This study has discovered that 3-day consumption of dark chocolate may alleviate ADS status among trainee nurses suggesting that dark chocolate may have a more prominent role in improving emotional and mood generally. Further investigations are however warranted to confirm this finding.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Prevalence and determinants of smoking behaviour among the secondary school teachers in Bangladesh

Md Mizanur Rahman, Md Jahirul Karim, Sk Akhtar Ahmad, Mohd. Raili Suhaili, Sharifah Norashikin Wan Ahmad

Int J Public Health Res, 2011;1(2):25-32.
MyJurnal

Background Despite country’s tobacco control law, cigarette smoking by the young people and the magnitude of nicotine dependence among the school personnel is alarming.
Objective To determine the prevalence of smoking and to examine the determinants of smoking behaviour among the secondary school teachers in Bangladesh.
Methods A two-stage cluster sampling was used with a selection of schools on Probability Proportional to Enrolment (PPE) size followed by stratified random sampling of government and private schools and then all the teachers present on the day of the survey were selected for the study. The 66-item questionnaire included smoking behaviour, knowledge, attitude, second-hand smoking, tobacco free school policy, cessation, media advertisement and curriculum related topics. Seven additional questions were included to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of the teachers. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 17 software. A total of 60 schools were selected with school response rate of 98.3%. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was filled in by all teachers present at the day of the survey. The sample consisted of 559 teachers with response rate of 99.5%.
Results The prevalence of smoking was 17% (95% CI: 14%, 20.4). About half of the teachers (48.4%) smoke daily followed by 25.3% smoke 1-2 days in last 30 days. The mean duration smoking of was 13.7(95% CI: 11.6, 15.9) years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male teachers smoke 37.46(95% CI: 5.078, 276.432) times higher than their female counterparts. The graduate teachers were 2.179(95% 1.209, 3.926) times more likely to be smoke than master’s degree holder teachers. Smoking by friends appeared to be the strongest predictor for teachers smoking behaviour (OR 4.789, 95% CI: 1.757, 13.050). However, no statistically significant association was found between type of school, second-hand smoking and curriculum related factors and smoking behaviour of the teachers (p>0.05).
Conclusions Prevalence of smoking among the teachers is high in Bangladesh. Effective smoking prevention program should take into account within the dominant of socio-environmental influence to reduce smoking behaviour. The school curriculum items had less impact in preventing smoking behaviour.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Study the properties of dense hydroxyapatite-extract from cow bone

Sri Asliza, M.A., Zaheruddin, K., Shahrizal, H.

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(1):175-182.
MyJurnal

In this study, natural Hydroxyapatite (HA) was extracted from clean cow bone by treatment with NaOH and heating at high temperature before ground into fine powder. The HA powder were than mixed together with binder for several hours. Dense HA were formed in die steel mould by using uniaxially pressing method. Sample was sintered at different temperature 1150, 1200, 1250 and 1300°C for several hours. The phases of specimen were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties were analyzed using three-point bending testing and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. From XRD results, natural HA shows phase of pure HA up to 1250 o C and fracture strength results indicated that the mechanical properties of specimen increase as temperature increase. From microstructure observation using SEM, HA specimen shows initial stages of sintering process at temperature 1150°C and show changes in microstructure evolution as temperature increase up to 1300°C.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Impak kesihatan mental terhadap anggota kesihatan yang juga mangsa banjir di daerah Segamat, Johor

Zaharah, M.S., Hussin, N., Roshelmi, D., Jamsiah, M.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(3):35-40.
MyJurnal

Introduction : Major flooding that occurred in Segamat District at the end of 2006 and early 2007 was a natural disaster that has left impact on physical and mental well-being of the victims. The aim of this study is to see the impact of the major flooding to the mental health of the health staff in Segamat District.
Methodology : Cross sectional study was conducted among Segamat health staffs who were involved in the major floods. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the mental health status of the victims. Result : There were 119 health staffs from the district health office, Hospital Segamat, dental clinic and Community Nursing School were interviewed in this study. A total of 6.7% respondents claimed to have stress related symptoms with women were more effected than men. Nurses and married respondents were found to be more stressful in this study.
Conclusion : Based on findings, therefore, top management has to pay more attention to the welfare of the health staff, directly or indirectly, in particular on the psychological aspect. By giving emphasis on continuous in-service training and counseling as well as other relevant support, stress-related symptoms could be minimized which in turn lead to higher individual productivity.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Malaysian children and adolescents

Hong JYH, Jalaludin MY, Mohamad Adam B, Fuziah MZ, Wu LL, Rasat R, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(3):11-18.
PMID: 27570603 MyJurnal

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a late presentation of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of type 1 DM at presentation so that appropriate actions can be taken to promote early diagnosis.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort review from a patient registry database. Data on all patients younger than 20 years old diagnosed with type 1 DM who had been registered with the Malaysian Diabetes in Children and Adolescents Registry (DiCARE) from its inception in 2006 until 2009 were analysed.
Results: The study included 490 children and adolescents, out of which 57.1% were female. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 7.5 (3.7) years, which increased from year 2000 to 2009 [6.6 (3.3) years to 9.6 (3.5) years; p = 0.001]. An increasing percentage of DKA at diagnosis was observed from year 2000 (54.5%) to year 2009 (66.7%), which remained high and leveled between 54.5% and 75.0%. DKA was more common in patients with normal weight (p = 0.002) with no significant association with age, gender, ethnicity and status of family history of diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: An increasing trend of age at diagnosis of patients with type 1 DM was observed. Besides that, proportion of DKA at diagnosis had remained high over the past decade. This study found that normal weight was associated with status of DKA, thus more detailed investigations are required to determine the risk factors for DKA.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Psychometric assessment of the short-form Child Perceptions Questionnaire: an international collaborative study

Thomson WM, Foster Page LA, Robinson PG, Do LG, Traebert J, Mohamed AR, et al.

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2016 12;44(6):549-556.
PMID: 27477903 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12248

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factor structure and other psychometric characteristics of the most commonly used child oral-health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) measure (the 16-item short-form CPQ11-14 ) in a large number of children (N = 5804) from different settings and who had a range of caries experience and associated impacts.
METHODS: Secondary data analyses used subnational epidemiological samples of 11- to 14-year-olds in Australia (N = 372), New Zealand (three samples: 352, 202, 429), Brunei (423), Cambodia (244), Hong Kong (542), Malaysia (439), Thailand (220, 325), England (88, 374), Germany (1055), Mexico (335) and Brazil (404). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the CPQ11-14 across the combined sample and within four regions (Australia/NZ, Asia, UK/Europe and Latin America). Item impact and internal reliability analysis were also conducted.
RESULTS: Caries experience varied, with mean DMFT scores ranging from 0.5 in the Malaysian sample to 3.4 in one New Zealand sample. Even more variation was noted in the proportion reporting only fair or poor oral health; this was highest in the Cambodian and Mexican samples and lowest in the German sample and one New Zealand sample. One in 10 reported that their oral health had a marked impact on their life overall. The CFA across all samples revealed two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1. The first involved all items in the oral symptoms and functional limitations subscales; the second involved all emotional well-being and social well-being items. The first was designated the 'symptoms/function' subscale, and the second was designated the 'well-being' subscale. Cronbach's alpha scores were 0.72 and 0.84, respectively. The symptoms/function subscale contained more of the items with greater impact, with the item 'Food stuck in between your teeth' having greatest impact; in the well-being subscale, the 'Felt shy or embarrassed' item had the greatest impact. Repeating the analyses by world region gave similar findings.
CONCLUSION: The CPQ11-14 performed well cross-sectionally in the largest analysis of the scale in the literature to date, with robust and mostly consistent psychometric characteristics, albeit with two underlying factors (rather than the originally hypothesized four-factor structure). It appears to be a sound, robust measure which should be useful for research, practice and policy.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Parental pre-pregnancy BMI influences on offspring BMI and waist circumference at 21 years

Zalbahar N, Najman J, McIntrye HD, Mamun A

Aust N Z J Public Health, 2016 Dec;40(6):572-578.
PMID: 27624991 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12574

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prospective association between parental pre-pregnancy BMI and adult male and female offspring BMI and waist circumference (WC).
METHODS: Sub-sample of 2,229 parent-offspring pairs with parental pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring BMI and WC at 21 years were used from the MUSP (Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy cohort). Multivariable results were adjusted for maternal factors around pregnancy (e.g. gestational weight and smoking during pregnancy) and offspring factors in early life (e.g. birth weight) and at 14 years (e.g. sports participation and mealtime with family).
RESULTS: After adjustments for confounders, each unit increase in paternal and maternal BMI, the BMI of young adult offspring increased by 0.33kg/m(2) and 0.35kg/m(2) , and the WC increased by 0.76 cm and 0.62 cm, respectively. In the combination of parents' weight status, offspring at 21 years were six times the risk being overweight/obese (OW/OB) when both parents were OW/OB, compared to offspring of healthy weight parents.
CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal parental BMI are independently related to adult offspring BMI and WC.
IMPLICATIONS: Both prenatal paternal-maternal weight status are important determinants of offspring weight status in long-term. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Acute mastoid abscess secondary to partially treated upper respiratory tract infection: a case report

Halimuddin, S., Asma, A.

Medicine & Health, 2010;5(1):41-44.
MyJurnal

Acute mastoid abscess is common in daily practice. In children, it is usually caused by unsuccessful treatment or partially treated acute otitis media (AOM). Some authors had reported that chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) can be the source of infection but it is usually associated with the presence of cholesteatoma. A case of an acute mastoid abscess in a 7 year old girl is presented. She had a history of severe otalgia with left post auricular swelling for 3 days. Clinically she was febrile, the left otoscopy showed diffuse post auricular swelling and sagging of the posterior wall of the external canal. She underwent an emergency cortical mastoidectomy for the left mastoid abscess and had an uneventful recovery. In conclusion, this patient was partially treated with antibiotics which increased the risk for ‘masked mastoiditis’, and she later developed a mastoid abscess. Therefore we advocate that all AOM patients should be treated with antibiotics at least for a duration of one week.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Post-stroke survivors: the relationship between clinical characteristics and the levels of depression

Bala Krishnian, M., Johar, M.J., Ismail, M.S., Leong, J.W.S., Lye, M.S.

Medicine & Health, 2015;10(2):98-102.
MyJurnal

Stroke is frequently associated with long-term disability. Stroke leads to high risk of physical and neuropsychological consequences. Residual disabilities among post-stroke survivors can lead them to depression. This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical characteristics and the levels of depression among post-stroke survivors at a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study recruited 195 post-stroke survivors who attended follow-up Rehabilitation Clinic of a teaching hospital over a study period of 4 months. Information collected included socio-demographic, clinical characteristics (post stroke duration, stroke types and stroke severities) and level of depression. Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the level of depression. The mean age of participants was 61 years (SD=13.86, range: 22-87 years), with 118 male and 81 female survivors having a median duration of post-stroke of 12 months (range: 1-79 months). This study showed post stroke survivors 116 (59.5%) with depression. A Chi-square test for level of stroke severity was significantly associated with depression, χ2 (2,n=195) = 28.724, p

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block versus intrathecal morphine for analgesia post caesarean section: which is better?

Aizatul Isla, A.L., Wan Rahiza, W.M., Azrin, M.A., Thohiroh, A.R., Nurlia, Y., Nadia, M.N.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2013;3(2):39-45.
MyJurnal

The tranversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative analgesia after caesarean section may confer potential benefits comparable to that of intrathecal opioids. We compared postoperative analgesia, and the incidence of nausea, vomiting, pruritus and sedation between the TAP block and intrathecal morphine (ITM) in patients undergoing Caesarean section. This was a prospective, randomised clinical study. Fifty American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I or II patients, planned for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, were randomly allocated to the TAP group (patients receiving spinal anaesthesia with bilateral TAP block without ITM) or ITM group (patients receiving spinal anaesthesia with ITM without a TAP block). Assessment for pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, pruritus and sedation was done upon arrival and discharge from recovery, and at 6, 12 and 24 hours, postoperatively in the post natal ward. Results were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no pain at rest in either groups. Both groups experienced pain on movement at the 12th (p = 0.6) and 24th hour (p = 0.4). None of the patients in the TAP group experienced nausea, vomiting, pruritus or sedation. However, these incidences were found to be significantly higher in the ITM group. Ultrasound guided TAP block provided comparable postoperative analgesia to ITM without the side effects of the latter.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Primary malignant melanoma of vagina: the options of management

Ng, B.K., Lim, P.S., Ng, Y.L., Kew, T.Y., Abdul Kadir, A.K., Hatta, M.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2014;4(1):63-66.
MyJurnal

Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is rare but aggressive. Various treatment options include surgery and adjuvant therapy has been advocated but the outcome remained unpredictable. Standard treatment protocol is yet to be established. We report a case of 54-year-old, Para 4+1, with malignant melanoma of the vagina. She underwent wide local excision but the surgical margin was not clear of malignant cells, hence adjuvant radiotherapy was given. Combination chemotherapy was initiated subsequently as her disease disseminated. She succumbed later due to septicaemic shock. The treatment options for vaginal melanoma were reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Asian men’s health: gender disparity and life expectancy

Ho, Christopher C.K., Teo, C.H., Ng, C.J., Zulkifli, M.Z., Tan, M.H.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2014;4(2):5-8.
MyJurnal

The aim of this review was to analyze the gender disparities found as well as the life expectancies in Asia. An analysis of the data on gender disparities as well as life expectancies of the different Asian countries was done based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory Data Repository as well as the regional government databases. Middle Eastern countries have the highest male to female population ratio. The results show that in terms of population pyramid, Asia is moving towards a more geriatric population. Qatar has the highest life expectancy for men and is the only country in Asia where men live longer than women (difference of 2 years). In general, women in Asia live longer than men. High income countries like Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore have higher life expectancies as compared to those on the lower income nations. The life expectancy of Asian men still lags women. Men’s health care needs to be addressed urgently. The disparity in income-status reflecting the lifespan of men is an impetus for us to narrow the gap of health in Asian countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Intraperitoneal chemotherapy following refractory intravenous route in advanced ovarian cancer

Shafiee, M.N., Omar, M.H., Suraya, A., Hatta, M.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2013;3(1):28-31.
MyJurnal

Platinum based adjuvant chemotherapy is generally recommended for ovarian cancer to improve the survival rate. Intravenous route is commonly used, easily administered and less associated complications. However, intraperitoneal route is gaining its popularity as a single procedure or adjunctive to the intravenous route. Numerous questions on its eligibility and safety are still perplexed. A case review on a patient with non optimal debulking surgery of advanced ovarian cancer was studied. Intravenous platinum based chemotherapy combined with paclitaxel failed to bring her to clinical remission. Second line chemotherapy, gemcitabin rendered her to poor response with unresolved debilitating ascites needing recurrent drainage. Surprisingly, a trial of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin revealed a great response with a complete clinical remission.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Tube-cornea touch following an ahmed valve implantation in a patient with congenital rubella syndrome: a case report

Ooi, Edwin I.L., Safinaz, M.K., Ropilah, A.R

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2014;4(2):53-55.
MyJurnal

This was a 28-year-old mentally-challenged girl with underlying congenital Rubella syndrome. She was bilaterally aphakic after congenital cataract surgery. She then developed bilateral aphakic glaucoma and had to undergo multiple glaucoma filtering surgeries. The most recent procedure she had undergone for her left eye was a second Ahmed valve implantation with an overlying sclera patch. Postoperatively, intraocular pressure was well controlled. However, nine months later, slit lamp examination revealed the tube was adherent to the overlying cornea with surrounding deep and superficial cornea vascularization. Siedel test was negative and intraocular pressure was normal. Subsequently the tube was removed but the plate was left in situ.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext The effect of lead exposure of mice during pregnancy on the concentration and motility of epididymal and testicular spermatozoa in offspring mature male mice

al-Khfaji, I.N., Fakhrildin, M.B., Al-Ani, I.M., Mangalo, H.H., Al-Obaidi, S.R.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(1):37-42.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of lead on concentration and motility of spermatozoa recovered from epididymis and testes in mature male offspring whose mothers were exposed to different doses and concentrations of lead acetate during gestation period. Materials and Methods: Seventy two healthy mature female mice were divided into three major groups according to the number of injections involving 1, 2 and 3 injections. Each major group was subdivided into four minor groups according to the concentration dose of (0, 25, 50 and 100) mg/Kg of lead acetate. Sperm concentration, percentage of motility and grade of activity were microscopically examined and statistically analyzed. Results: A significant reduction in the sperm functions were seen in relation to an increased in the number of injections and/or concentration of lead acetate dose as compared with the control groups. Conclusion: The toxic effects of lead acetate may interfere with spermatogenesis and metabolism of spermatozoa.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Coronary artery spasm: A quandary

Ngow, H.A., Wan Khairina, W.M.N.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(1):53-55.
MyJurnal

Coronary artery spasm can result in acute coronary syndrome. This vasospastic syndrome can cause profound morbidity and mortality as a significant proportion of patients continue to have angina despite optimal medical therapy. We illustrate the dilemma in managing a young woman who presented with non ST-segment myocardial infarction as a result of it. She did not have the conventional risks for coronary artery disease except the family history of myocardial infarction. Vasospasm was demonstrated at the mid right coronary artery which resolved with intracoronary nitroglycerine during angiogram. Most women with no significant heart disease following demonstration of normal or “near normal” coronary arteries after angiography are offered no treatment beyond reassurance each year. New data suggest that this approach may no longer be appropriate and the prognosis in such patient is not as benign as previously thought. We discuss the management dilemma of such patient with associated mild atherosclerotic plaque.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext An Undiagnosed Non Functioning Retroperitoneum Paraganglioma, Complicating A Gynaecological Surgery; A Case Report

Noraziana, A.W., Hakim, B., Mokhtar, A., Alik, R.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2010;9(1):59-61.
MyJurnal

Paragangliomas are uncommon tumors arising from the neuroendocrine elements (chief cells) of the paraganglia and symmetrically distributed along the aorta in close association with the sympathetic chain. Although functional tumors are easier to diagnose due to the clinical fi ndings caused by excess secretion of catecholamines and an elevation of the urinary catecholamine levels, however the diagnosis of nonfunctioning paraganglioma of the retroperitoneum is diffi cult and only few cases have been made before exploratory laparotomy. Although our patient was initially planned and operated by our gynaecological team, the incidental findings had to involve the general surgeons. She is fortunate that the tumour did not show any features of malignancy nor metastasis, however a long time follow up is needed in case of any possible recurrence.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Stress and Its association with the academic performance of undergraduate fourth year medical students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Harlina H Siraj, Salam A, Roslan R, Hasan NA, Jin TH, Othman MN

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(1):19-24.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Student can be stressed due to different stressors such as academic, financial, health related or loss of close family member or friend, etc. Stress is the bodies’ reaction both neurologically and physiologically to adapt to the new condition. Stress has a negative effect on the academic performance of the students. This study was aimed to explore the stress and stressors and also to determine the association between stress levels and the academic performances in terms of cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of undergraduate medical students. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among all 234 year-4 medical students of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), session 2011-2012. Sample size comprised of 179 students after fulfilling all inclusion and exclusion criteria. A validated Medical Students’ Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) was used to collect the data. Stress level and its association with CGPA of semester-1 examination were analysed. Results: Response rate was 76.49%, where 72% were female and 69% resided in the hostel. Academic Related and Social-related Stressors caused for severe and high stress in 84% and 49% respondents respectively, with insignificant differences between gender and residency. Respondents with a high and severe stress level were observed to have higher CGPA. Conclusion: UKM medical students are highly resourceful to manage their stress well and thus denying the negative effect of stress towards their academic performance. Medical schools should train students exposing various personal and professional developmental activities that able to face the everyday challenges and manage stress well and thereby achieve better academic performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Diagnostic dilemma in metaplastic chondroid breast carcinoma

Farina, M.Y., Shahrun Niza, A.S., Saladina, J.J., Nani Harlina, M.L., Zaireen, M.N., Nurismah, M.I., et al.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(1):65-68.
MyJurnal

Metaplastic breast cancer is a rare form of primary breast cancer. It contains a mixture of adenocarcinoma with metaplastic elements. It is important to differentiate with primary sarcoma of the breast which carries different treatment strategies and prognosis. A 55-year-old lady previously diagnosed to have a left breast cancer in the year 2000 and carcinoma of the endometrium in 2009, presented with a right breast lump. A trucut biopsy reported as an infiltrating ductal carcinoma with background of chondromyxoid and cartilagenous matrix,
most probably metaplastic carcinoma. A wide local excision with sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed, and the final histology was consistent with metaplastic chondroid carcinoma of the breast with no evidence of metastsis. The surgery was followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and currently free from any recurrence. The diagnostic dilemma on this very rare condition is reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

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