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Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies

Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, Dagenais G, Lear S, McQueen M, et al.

Lancet, 2016 Jul 30;388(10043):465-75.
PMID: 27216139 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30467-6

BACKGROUND: Several studies reported a U-shaped association between urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular disease events and mortality. Whether these associations vary between those individuals with and without hypertension is uncertain. We aimed to explore whether the association between sodium intake and cardiovascular disease events and all-cause mortality is modified by hypertension status.
METHODS: In this pooled analysis, we studied 133,118 individuals (63,559 with hypertension and 69,559 without hypertension), median age of 55 years (IQR 45-63), from 49 countries in four large prospective studies and estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion (as group-level measure of intake). We related this to the composite outcome of death and major cardiovascular disease events over a median of 4.2 years (IQR 3.0-5.0) and blood pressure.
FINDINGS: Increased sodium intake was associated with greater increases in systolic blood pressure in individuals with hypertension (2.08 mm Hg change per g sodium increase) compared with individuals without hypertension (1.22 mm Hg change per g; pinteraction<0.0001). In those individuals with hypertension (6835 events), sodium excretion of 7 g/day or more (7060 [11%] of population with hypertension: hazard ratio [HR] 1.23 [95% CI 1.11-1.37]; p<0.0001) and less than 3 g/day (7006 [11%] of population with hypertension: 1.34 [1.23-1.47]; p<0.0001) were both associated with increased risk compared with sodium excretion of 4-5 g/day (reference 25% of the population with hypertension). In those individuals without hypertension (3021 events), compared with 4-5 g/day (18,508 [27%] of the population without hypertension), higher sodium excretion was not associated with risk of the primary composite outcome (≥ 7 g/day in 6271 [9%] of the population without hypertension; HR 0.90 [95% CI 0.76-1.08]; p=0.2547), whereas an excretion of less than 3 g/day was associated with a significantly increased risk (7547 [11%] of the population without hypertension; HR 1.26 [95% CI 1.10-1.45]; p=0.0009).
INTERPRETATION: Compared with moderate sodium intake, high sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death in hypertensive populations (no association in normotensive population), while the association of low sodium intake with increased risk of cardiovascular events and death is observed in those with or without hypertension. These data suggest that lowering sodium intake is best targeted at populations with hypertension who consume high sodium diets.
FUNDING: Full funding sources listed at end of paper (see Acknowledgments).
Fulltext Attendance and institutional facilities of long-term kidney donors follow-up

Makmor, T, Raja Noriza, RA, NurulHuda, MS, Sook-Lu, Y, Soo-Kun, L, Kok-Peng, N, et al.

JUMMEC, 2016;19(1):1-6.
MyJurnal

Introduction:
Living donation is an important source for organs transplantation in Malaysia. This study aims to investigate
the Malaysian living donors’ follow-up attendance, their preferences on medical-institutional facilities, and
the financial circumstances pertaining to the follow-up costs
Materials and Methods:
Primary data were collected through a survey of 80 living donors who made their donation at the University
of Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) between 1991 and 2012.
Results:
Out total of 178 donors, only 111 were reachable and 80 of them participated in the survey (72%). The findings
revealed that most of the donors (71.2%) attend the follow-up regularly. Nevertheless, donors seem to neglect
the importance of follow-up as they consider themselves healthy (28.9%) or consider the follow-up as being
troublesome (28.9%). Most donors (67.5%) are not in favour of being treated as patients, but prefer to be
monitored under donor registry (88.8%) and getting their health service in special clinics for donors (80%).
The majority of the donors fund the follow-up costs themselves (32.4%), while 25% of the donors’ follow-up
costs were funded by family members. Among those donors without income and those of low-income (84.8%
of respondents), 60.3% believe that the follow-up costs should be borne by the government.
Conclusions:
Based on the findings, it is therefore suggested that the government provides all living donors with proper
free health service through donor registry and donor clinics. Adequate care has to be given to the donors to
pre-empt any unforeseen health complications due to the organ donation surgical procedures.
Fulltext Low organ donation rate in Malaysia: a survey

Makmor T, Abdillah N, Raja Noriza RA, Nurulhuda MS, Sook-Lu Y, Soo-Kun L, et al.

JUMMEC, 2014;17(1):14-17.
MyJurnal

Organ shortage is a major concern in many countries. The objective of this paper was to investigate the factors that contribute to the low quantity of organ donation in Malaysia. The 1311 respondents in this survey came from the three main ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malay, Chinese and Indian). The survey was based on these components: The reason for not pledging to become a donor; the reason of refusing to become a donor; and whether non-fungible incentive would influence decision. The lack of information and trust were the factors that influenced the respondents to remain apathetic to organ donation. The results denote that people are unlikely to become a donor even if non-fungible incentive were provided to them. Thus, it is important for the government bodies to evaluate the programme and strategies of public education in relation to organ donation.
Fulltext Anxiety and its risk factors among non-Japanese residents living in Japan undergoing COVID-19 situation: A cross-sectional survey

Luu MN, Imoto A, Matsuo Y, Huy NT, Qarawi A, Alhady STM, et al.

PLoS One, 2024;19(3):e0280144.
PMID: 38489310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280144

INTRODUCTION: In the context of collective efforts taken in Japan to control the spread of COVID-19, the state of emergency and social distancing have caused a negative impact on the mental health of all residents, including foreign communities in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the level of anxiety and its associated factors among non-Japanese residents residing in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: A web-based survey in 13 languages was conducted among non-Japanese residents living in Japan during the COVID-19 situation. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory assessed the level of anxiety-State (STAI-S) scores prorated from its six-item version. The multivariable logistic regression using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) method was performed to identify the associated factors of anxiety among participants.
RESULTS: From January to March 2021, we collected 392 responses. A total of 357 valid responses were analyzed. 54.6% of participants suffered from clinically significant anxiety (CSA). In multivariable logistic model analysis, the CSA status or the high level of anxiety was associated with three factors, including having troubles/difficulties in learning or working, decreased sleep duration, and decreased overall physical health (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests several possible risk factors of anxiety among non-Japanese residents living in Japan undergoing the COVID-19 pandemic, including the troubles or difficulties in learning or working, the decrease in sleep duration, and the decrease in overall physical health.
Fulltext Host genetic variants of ABCB1 and IL15 influence treatment outcome in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Lu Y, Kham SK, Ariffin H, Oei AM, Lin HP, Tan AM, et al.

Br. J. Cancer, 2014 Mar 18;110(6):1673-80.
PMID: 24434428 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.7

Host germline variations and their potential prognostic importance is an emerging area of interest in paediatric ALL.
Fulltext Comparison of abdominal adiposity and overall obesity in relation to risk of small intestinal cancer in a European Prospective Cohort

Lu Y, Cross AJ, Murphy N, Freisling H, Travis RC, Ferrari P, et al.

Cancer Causes Control, 2016 07;27(7):919-27.
PMID: 27294726 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0772-z

BACKGROUND: The etiology of small intestinal cancer (SIC) is largely unknown, and there are very few epidemiological studies published to date. No studies have investigated abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC.
METHODS: We investigated overall obesity and abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a large prospective cohort of approximately half a million men and women from ten European countries. Overall obesity and abdominal obesity were assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, BMI, and smoking status.
RESULTS: During an average of 13.9 years of follow-up, 131 incident cases of SIC (including 41 adenocarcinomas, 44 malignant carcinoid tumors, 15 sarcomas and 10 lymphomas, and 21 unknown histology) were identified. WC was positively associated with SIC in a crude model that also included BMI (HR per 5-cm increase = 1.20, 95 % CI 1.04, 1.39), but this association attenuated in the multivariable model (HR 1.18, 95 % CI 0.98, 1.42). However, the association between WC and SIC was strengthened when the analysis was restricted to adenocarcinoma of the small intestine (multivariable HR adjusted for BMI = 1.56, 95 % CI 1.11, 2.17). There were no other significant associations.
CONCLUSION: WC, rather than BMI, may be positively associated with adenocarcinomas but not carcinoid tumors of the small intestine.
IMPACT: Abdominal obesity is a potential risk factor for adenocarcinoma in the small intestine.
Fulltext In Situ SEM Nanomanipulation and Nanomechanical/Electrical Characterization

Lu Y, Shen Y, Liu X, Ahmad MRB, Chen Y

Scanning, 2017;2017:8016571.
PMID: 29238439 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8016571
Fulltext Immune response to influenza vaccine in children with inflammatory bowel disease

Lu Y, Jacobson DL, Ashworth LA, Grand RJ, Meyer AL, McNeal MM, et al.

Am J Gastroenterol, 2009 Feb;104(2):444-53.
PMID: 19174786 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2008.120

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently receive immunosuppressive therapy. The immune response in these patients to vaccines has not been well studied. We conducted a prospective, open label study to evaluate the serologic response to influenza vaccine in children with IBD.
Fulltext A Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Among 97,898 Women to Identify Candidate Susceptibility Genes for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk

Lu Y, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Wu L, Guo X, Li B, Schildkraut JM, et al.

Cancer Res, 2018 Sep 15;78(18):5419-5430.
PMID: 30054336 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0951

Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified approximately 35 loci associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. The majority of GWAS-identified disease susceptibility variants are located in noncoding regions, and causal genes underlying these associations remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a transcriptome-wide association study to search for novel genetic loci and plausible causal genes at known GWAS loci. We used RNA sequencing data (68 normal ovarian tissue samples from 68 individuals and 6,124 cross-tissue samples from 369 individuals) and high-density genotyping data from European descendants of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx V6) project to build ovarian and cross-tissue models of genetically regulated expression using elastic net methods. We evaluated 17,121 genes for their cis-predicted gene expression in relation to EOC risk using summary statistics data from GWAS of 97,898 women, including 29,396 EOC cases. With a Bonferroni-corrected significance level of P < 2.2 × 10-6, we identified 35 genes, including FZD4 at 11q14.2 (Z = 5.08, P = 3.83 × 10-7, the cross-tissue model; 1 Mb away from any GWAS-identified EOC risk variant), a potential novel locus for EOC risk. All other 34 significantly associated genes were located within 1 Mb of known GWAS-identified loci, including 23 genes at 6 loci not previously linked to EOC risk. Upon conditioning on nearby known EOC GWAS-identified variants, the associations for 31 genes disappeared and three genes remained (P < 1.47 × 10-3). These data identify one novel locus (FZD4) and 34 genes at 13 known EOC risk loci associated with EOC risk, providing new insights into EOC carcinogenesis.Significance: Transcriptomic analysis of a large cohort confirms earlier GWAS loci and reveals FZD4 as a novel locus associated with EOC risk. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5419-30. ©2018 AACR.
Fulltext A 3.4-kb Copy-Number Deletion near EPAS1 Is Significantly Enriched in High-Altitude Tibetans but Absent from the Denisovan Sequence

Lou H, Lu Y, Lu D, Fu R, Wang X, Feng Q, et al.

Am J Hum Genet, 2015 Jul 02;97(1):54-66.
PMID: 26073780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.05.005

Tibetan high-altitude adaptation (HAA) has been studied extensively, and many candidate genes have been reported. Subsequent efforts targeting HAA functional variants, however, have not been that successful (e.g., no functional variant has been suggested for the top candidate HAA gene, EPAS1). With WinXPCNVer, a method developed in this study, we detected in microarray data a Tibetan-enriched deletion (TED) carried by 90% of Tibetans; 50% were homozygous for the deletion, whereas only 3% carried the TED and 0% carried the homozygous deletion in 2,792 worldwide samples (p < 10(-15)). We employed long PCR and Sanger sequencing technologies to determine the exact copy number and breakpoints of the TED in 70 additional Tibetan and 182 diverse samples. The TED had identical boundaries (chr2: 46,694,276-46,697,683; hg19) and was 80 kb downstream of EPAS1. Notably, the TED was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD; r(2) = 0.8) with EPAS1 variants associated with reduced blood concentrations of hemoglobin. It was also in complete LD with the 5-SNP motif, which was suspected to be introgressed from Denisovans, but the deletion itself was absent from the Denisovan sequence. Correspondingly, we detected that footprints of positive selection for the TED occurred 12,803 (95% confidence interval = 12,075-14,725) years ago. We further whole-genome deep sequenced (>60×) seven Tibetans and verified the TED but failed to identify any other copy-number variations with comparable patterns, giving this TED top priority for further study. We speculate that the specific patterns of the TED resulted from its own functionality in HAA of Tibetans or LD with a functional variant of EPAS1.
Structural Basis for the Effects of Phenylalanine on Tuning the Reduction Potential of Type 1 Copper in Azurin

Liu Y, Marshall NM, Yu SS, Kim W, Gao YG, Robinson H, et al.

Inorg Chem, 2023 Jul 24;62(29):11618-11625.
PMID: 37424080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01365

In order to investigate the effects of the secondary coordination sphere in fine-tuning redox potentials (E°') of type 1 blue copper (T1Cu) in cupredoxins, we have introduced M13F, M44F, and G116F mutations both individually and in combination in the secondary coordination sphere of the T1Cu center of azurin (Az) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These variants were found to differentially influence the E°' of T1Cu, with M13F Az decreasing E°', M44F Az increasing E°', and G116F Az showing a negligible effect. In addition, combining the M13F and M44F mutations increases E°' by 26 mV relative to WT-Az, which is very close to the combined effect of E°' by each mutation. Furthermore, combining G116F with either M13F or M44F mutation resulted in negative and positive cooperative effects, respectively. Crystal structures of M13F/M44F-Az, M13F/G116F-Az, and M44F/G116F-Az combined with that of G116F-Az reveal these changes arise from steric effects and fine-tuning of hydrogen bond networks around the copper-binding His117 residue. The insights gained from this study would provide another step toward the development of redox-active proteins with tunable redox properties for many biological and biotechnological applications.
Occurrence of microplastics in the seawater and atmosphere of the South China Sea: Pollution patterns and interrelationship

Liu B, Lu Y, Deng H, Huang H, Wei N, Jiang Y, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2023 Sep 01;889:164173.
PMID: 37201824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164173

Microplastic (MP) pollution is a serious global environmental problem, particularly in marine ecosystems. However, the pollution patterns of MPs in the ocean and atmosphere, particularly the sea-air interrelationship, remain unclear. Therefore, the abundance, distribution patterns, and sources of MPs in the seawater and atmosphere of the South China Sea (SCS) were comparatively investigated. The results showed that MPs were prevalent in the SCS with an average abundance of 103.4 ± 98.3 items/m3 in the seawater and 4.62 ± 3.60 items/100 m3 in the atmosphere. The spatial analysis indicated that the pollution patterns of seawater MPs were mainly determined by land-based discharge and sea surface currents, whereas atmospheric MPs were predominantly determined by air parcel trajectory and wind conditions. The highest MP abundance of 490 items/m3 in seawater was found at a station near Vietnam with current vortices. However, the highest MP abundance of 14.6 items/100 m3 in the atmosphere was found in air parcels with low-speed southerly winds from Malaysia. Similar MP compositions (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polyethylene) were observed in the two environmental compartments. Furthermore, similar MP characteristics (e.g., shape, color, and size) in the seawater and atmosphere of the same region suggested a close relationship between the MPs in the two compartments. For this purpose, cluster analysis and calculation of the MP diversity integrated index were performed. The results showed an obvious dispersion between the two compartment clusters and a higher diversity integrated index of MPs in seawater than in the atmosphere, thus implying higher compositional diversity and more complex sources of MPs in seawater relative to the atmosphere. These findings deepen our understanding of MP fate and patterns in the semi-enclosed marginal sea environment and highlight the potential interrelationship of MPs in the air-sea system.
Identifying IGH disease clones for MRD monitoring in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia using RNA-Seq

Li Z, Jiang N, Lim EH, Chin WHN, Lu Y, Chiew KH, et al.

Leukemia, 2020 09;34(9):2418-2429.
PMID: 32099036 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0774-4

Identifying patient-specific clonal IGH/TCR junctional sequences is critical for minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring. Conventionally these junctional sequences are identified using laborious Sanger sequencing of excised heteroduplex bands. We found that the IGH is highly expressed in our diagnostic B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) samples using RNA-Seq. Therefore, we used RNA-Seq to identify IGH disease clone sequences in 258 childhood B-ALL samples for MRD monitoring. The amount of background IGH rearrangements uncovered by RNA-Seq followed the Zipf's law with IGH disease clones easily identified as outliers. Four hundred and ninety-seven IGH disease clones (median 2, range 0-7 clones/patient) are identified in 90.3% of patients. High hyperdiploid patients have the most IGH disease clones (median 3) while DUX4 subtype has the least (median 1) due to the rearrangements involving the IGH locus. In all, 90.8% of IGH disease clones found by Sanger sequencing are also identified by RNA-Seq. In addition, RNA-Seq identified 43% more IGH disease clones. In 69 patients lacking sensitive IGH targets, targeted NGS IGH MRD showed high correlation (R = 0.93; P = 1.3 × 10-14), better relapse prediction than conventional RQ-PCR MRD using non-IGH targets. In conclusion, RNA-Seq can identify patient-specific clonal IGH junctional sequences for MRD monitoring, adding to its usefulness for molecular diagnosis in childhood B-ALL.
Fulltext Distinct clinical characteristics of DUX4- and PAX5-altered childhood B-lymphoblastic leukemia

Li Z, Lee SHR, Chin WHN, Lu Y, Jiang N, Lim EH, et al.

Blood Adv, 2021 12 14;5(23):5226-5238.
PMID: 34547766 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004895

Among the recently described subtypes in childhood B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) were DUX4- and PAX5-altered (PAX5alt). By using whole transcriptome RNA sequencing in 377 children with B-ALL from the Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2003 (MS2003) and Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2010 (MS2010) studies, we found that, after hyperdiploid and ETV6-RUNX1, the third and fourth most common subtypes were DUX4 (n = 51; 14%) and PAX5alt (n = 36; 10%). DUX4 also formed the largest genetic subtype among patients with poor day-33 minimal residual disease (MRD; n = 12 of 44). But despite the poor MRD, outcome of DUX4 B-ALL was excellent (5-year cumulative risk of relapse [CIR], 8.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8%-19.5% and 5-year overall survival, 97.8%; 95% CI, 85.3%-99.7%). In MS2003, 21% of patients with DUX4 B-ALL had poor peripheral blood response to prednisolone at day 8, higher than other subtypes (8%; P = .03). In MS2010, with vincristine at day 1, no day-8 poor peripheral blood response was observed in the DUX4 subtype (P = .03). The PAX5alt group had an intermediate risk of relapse (5-year CIR, 18.1%) but when IKZF1 was not deleted, outcome was excellent with no relapse among 23 patients. Compared with MS2003, outcome of PAX5alt B-ALL with IKZF1 codeletion was improved by treatment intensification in MS2010 (5-year CIR, 80.0% vs 0%; P = .05). In conclusion, despite its poor initial response, DUX4 B-ALL had a favorable overall outcome, and the prognosis of PAX5alt was strongly dependent on IKZF1 codeletion.
The discovery of 1, 3-diamino-7H-pyrrol[3, 2-f]quinazoline compounds as potent antimicrobial antifolates

Li Y, Ouyang Y, Wu H, Wang P, Huang Y, Li X, et al.

Eur J Med Chem, 2022 Jan 15;228:113979.
PMID: 34802838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113979

The shortage of new antibiotics makes infections caused by gram-negative (G-) bacteria a significant clinical problem. The key enzymes involved in folate biosynthesis represent important targets for drug discovery, and new antifolates with novel mechanisms are urgently needed. By targeting to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a series of 1,3-diamino-7H-pyrrol[3,2-f]quinazoline (PQZ) compounds were designed, and exhibited potent antibacterial activities in vitro, especially against multi-drug resistant G- strains. Multiple experiments indicated that PQZ compounds contain a different molecular mechanism against the typical DHFR inhibitor, trimethoprim (TMP), and the thymidylate synthase (TS) was identified as another potential but a relatively weak target. A significant synergism between the representative compound, OYYF-175, and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was observed with a strong cumulative and significantly bactericidal effect at extremely low concentrations (2 μg/mL for SMZ and 0.03 pg/mL for OYYF-175), which could be resulted from the simultaneous inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), DHFR and TS. PQZ compounds exhibited therapeutic effects in a mouse model of intraperitoneal infections caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). The co-crystal structure of OYYF-175-DHFR was solved and the detailed interactions were provided. The inhibitors reported represent innovative chemical structures with novel molecular mechanism of action, which will benefit the generation of new, efficacious bactericidal compounds.
Monkeypox virus 2022, gene heterogeneity and protein polymorphism

Li Y, Hou J, Sun Z, Hu J, Thilakavathy K, Wang Y, et al.

Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023 Jul 17;8(1):278.
PMID: 37460567 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01540-2
Fulltext Elements of the complete blood count associated with cardiovascular disease incidence: Findings from the EPIC-NL cohort study

Lassale C, Curtis A, Abete I, van der Schouw YT, Verschuren WMM, Lu Y, et al.

Sci Rep, 2018 02 19;8(1):3290.
PMID: 29459661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21661-x

All blood cells (white blood cells [WBC], red blood cells [RBC] and platelets) can play a role in atherosclerosis. Complete blood count (CBC) is widely available in clinical practice but utility as potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is uncertain. Our aim was to assess the associations of pre-diagnostic CBC with incidence of CVD in 14,362 adults free of CVD and aged 47.8 (±11.7) years at baseline, followed-up for 11.4 years (992 incident cases). Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate HRs and 95%CI. Comparing the top (T3) to bottom (T1) tertile, increased total WBC, lymphocyte, monocyte and neutrophil counts were associated with higher CVD risk: 1.31 (1.10; 1.55), 1.20 (1.02; 1.41), 1.21 (1.03; 1.41) and 1.24 (1.05; 1.47), as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV: 1.23 [1.04; 1.46]) and red cell distribution width (RDW: 1.22 [1.03; 1.44]). Platelets displayed an association for count values above the clinically normal range: 1.49 (1.00; 2.22). To conclude, total and differential WBC count, MCV, RDW and platelet count likely play a role in the aetiology of CVD but only WBC provide a modest improvement for the prediction of 10-year CVD risk over traditional CVD risk factors in a general population.
Airapus rakovici (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Eupariini), a new species from Fujian, China

Král D, Lu Y, Bai M

Zootaxa, 2021 Jan 27;4920(1):zootaxa.4920.1.8.
PMID: 33756680 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.1.8

The genus Airapus Stebnicka Howden, 1996 currently comprises 26 extant species distributed in the Australian and Oriental zoogeographical regions (Stebnicka Howden 1996; Stebnicka 1998, 2009; Rakovič et al. 2019; Král et al. 2019; Minkina 2020) and one fossil species from the Eocene Baltic amber (Tamutis et al. 2017). Of the continental Southeast Asia, only three species have been known so far: Airapus cechovskyi Král, Mencl Rakovič, 2019 (mainland Malaysia: Kelantan), A. tyri Král, Mencl Rakovič, 2019 (Central Thailand: Phetchaburi Province) and A. sicardi ( Paulian, 1945) (Laos: "Cochinchine: Long Xuyen" and South Vietnam: "Annam: Tanh Hoa") (Paulian 1945; Balthasar 1964; Král et al. 2019). Examination of the material housed in the collections of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, revealed Airapus material belonging to an undescribed species. Its formal description is presented in this paper. This new species is another, fourth species occurring in mainland Southeast Asia. It is also the first country record from China. The geographical distribution of the genus is now known to the north as far as Fujian Province.
Fulltext Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Klionsky DJ, Abdelmohsen K, Abe A, Abedin MJ, Abeliovich H, Acevedo Arozena A, et al.

Autophagy, 2016;12(1):1-222.
PMID: 26799652 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
Search for displaced supersymmetry in events with an electron and a muon with large impact parameters

Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Bergauer T, Dragicevic M, et al.

Phys Rev Lett, 2015 Feb 13;114(6):061801.
PMID: 25723204

A search for new long-lived particles decaying to leptons is presented using proton-proton collisions produced by the LHC at √[s]=8 TeV. Data used for the analysis were collected by the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). Events are selected with an electron and muon with opposite charges that both have transverse impact parameter values between 0.02 and 2 cm. The search has been designed to be sensitive to a wide range of models with nonprompt e-μ final states. Limits are set on the "displaced supersymmetry" model, with pair production of top squarks decaying into an e-μ final state via R-parity-violating interactions. The results are the most restrictive to date on this model, with the most stringent limit being obtained for a top squark lifetime corresponding to cτ=2 cm, excluding masses below 790 GeV at 95% confidence level.

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