Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 1366 in total

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  1. Peng S, Ying AF, Tai BC, Soo RA
    Transl Lung Cancer Res, 2020 Aug;9(4):1124-1137.
    PMID: 32953491 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-246
    Background: We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (PD-1/L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors) in first and subsequent lines in East Asians and non-East Asians.

    Methods: We searched PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus, from inception to 20 Sep 2019, and reviewed major conferences' abstracts, for randomised controlled trials of ICI in advanced-stage NSCLC (Stage IIIB or IV) without EGFR mutation that reported hazard ratios (HRs) stratified by geographical region including the region "Asia" or "East Asia". The primary outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The pooled HR and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for OS and PFS in East Asians and non-East Asians were calculated using a random effect model and the difference compared using an interaction test.

    Results: A total of 5,465 patients from 7 randomised controlled trials involving CTLA-4 and/or PD-1/L1 inhibitors were included, with 1,740 (32%) East Asians and 3,725 (68%) non-East Asians. ICI was associated with an improvement in OS and PFS for both East Asian (OS HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65-0.85; PFS HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.40-0.79) and non-East Asian patients (OS HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72-0.85; PFS HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.85), with no significant difference between the two groups (Pinteraction=0.55 for OS; Pinteraction=0.33 for PFS). Subgroup analyses showed a statistically significant superior PFS (but not OS) for East Asians than non-East Asians in trials that used immune checkpoint inhibitor in the first-line treatment (Pinteraction=0.02). No significant regional difference was found in further subgroups of pure ICI and combination of ICI with chemotherapy.

    Conclusions: There is no significant difference in response to ICI between East Asians and non-East Asians with advanced stage NSCLC, and the statistically significant subgroup difference in PFS in the first line use of ICI may not be clinically significant.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  2. Viswanathan S, Wah LM
    Mult Scler, 2019 10;25(11):1452-1461.
    PMID: 30113245 DOI: 10.1177/1352458518792430
    OBJECTIVES: This study looked at observed crude prevalence/incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in Malaysia and identified any inter-ethnic differences for MS/NMOSD.

    METHODS: This was a nationwide tertiary hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study using the capture-recapture method. It looked at the estimated crude prevalence of confirmed MS and NMOSD and annual incidence on 29 December 2017. Recapture of data was done between February and March 2018 on 1 March 2018. Public and referring private institutions were accessed.

    RESULTS: The survey identified 767 MS and 545 NMOSD subjects, with crude prevalence rates of 2.73 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.53; 2.92 per 100,000 population) and 1.94 per 100,000 (95% CI: 1.77; 2.10 per 100,000 population) with observed crude annual incidence of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.43; 0.58) for MS and 0.39 per 100,000 (95% CI: 0.35; 0.47) for NMOSD. The MS:NMOSD ratios were 1.4:1.0. The capture-recapture method revealed 913 MS (95% CI: 910; 915.9) and 580 (95% CI: 578.8; 581.2) NMOSD with prevalence per 100,000 of 3.26 (95% CI: 3.05; 3.47) and 2.07 (95% CI: 1.90; 2.24), respectively. In the MS group, 59.4% were Malay, 16.6% Chinese, 20.5% Indian, and 3.5% were from indigenous groups. In the NMOSD group, 47.3% were Malay, 46.9% Chinese, 3.5% Indian, and 2.3% were from other indigenous groups. The ratio of NMOSD to MS among the Chinese was 2:1, but the ratio of MS to NMOSD among the Malays was 1.8:1, and that in Indians was 8.3:1.

    CONCLUSION: There is a modest increase in the prevalence of MS and NMOSD in Malaysia with inter-ethnic differences for MS/NMOSD.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
  3. Khoo AS, Balraj P, Volpi L, Nair S
    Hum Mutat, 2000 May;15(5):485.
    PMID: 10790221
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  4. Phipps M, Jinam T
    Tissue Antigens, 2009 Mar;73(3):279-80.
    PMID: 19144089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01195.x
    A novel human leukocyte antigen-B allele officially named B*3589, was found in an indigenous individual of Jehai ethnicity when sequencing was performed to investigate human genome variation in a research project. B*3589 differs form B*3505 in a point mutation at codon 169 (CGC to TGC) resulting in an amino acid change from Arg to Cys.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  5. Al-Siweedi SYA, Ngeow WC, Nambiar P, Abu-Hassan MI, Ahmad R, Asif MK, et al.
    Folia Morphol (Warsz), 2023;82(2):315-324.
    PMID: 35285511 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0024
    BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify and classify the anatomic variation of mandibular canal among Malaysians of three ethnicities.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The courses of the mandibular canal in 202 cone-beam computed tomography scanned images of healthy Malaysians were evaluated, and trifid mandibular canal (TMC) when present, were recorded and studied in detail by categorizing them to a new classification (comprising of 12 types). The diameter and length of canals were also measured, and their shape determined.

    RESULTS: Trifid mandibular canals were observed in 12 (5.9%) subjects or 16 (4.0%) hemi-mandibles. There were 10 obvious categories out the 12 types of TMCs listed. All TMCs (except one) were observed in patients older than 30 years. The prevalence according to ethnicity was 6 in Malays, 5 in Chinese and 1 in Indian. Four (33.3%) patients had bilateral TMCs, which was not seen in the Indian subject. More than half (56.3%) of the accessory canals were located above the main mandibular canal. Their mean diameter was 1.32 mm and 1.26 mm for the first and second accessory canal, and the corresponding lengths were 20.42 mm and 21.60 mm, respectively. Most (62.5%) canals had irregularly shaped lumen; there were more irregularly shaped canals in the second accessory canal than the first branch. None of the second accessory canal was oval (in shape).

    CONCLUSIONS: This new classification can be applied for the variations in the branching pattern, length and shape of TMCs for better clinical description.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  6. Huang Q, Zheng F, Wang H, Yang Y, Ma C, Zhu L
    J Med Case Rep, 2024 Mar 06;18(1):89.
    PMID: 38444013 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04407-4
    BACKGROUND: Fecal impaction is a digestive system disease, that is most common in the elderly population and becomes more prevalent with increasing age. Manual removal can successfully remove the impaction in 80% of fecal impaction cases. In severe cases, endoscopy and surgery may be necessary.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old Han Chinese man living in a nursing home was diagnosed with fecal impaction; his initial symptom was overflow diarrhea, which is a rare occurrence with regard to fecal impaction. Nevertheless, we were able to effectively treat this situation by employing a new medical device that presents a novel method for addressing fecal impaction.

    CONCLUSION: Early identification of fecal impaction with atypical symptoms is crucial to provide proper emergency management. A safe and noninvasive treatment method, especially for elderly patients with fecal impaction, should be chosen.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  7. Mohamed Z, Ahmad R, Yoke NS, Zakaria Z, Ahmad H, Yew TH
    Cancer Sci, 2003 Aug;94(8):725-8.
    PMID: 12901799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01509.x
    The present study was carried out to characterize the causative genetic mutation in a medium-sized Malaysian Chinese pedigree of three generations affected with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Clinical data and genetic studies revealed considerable phenotypic variability in affected individuals in this family. Blood was obtained from members of the FAP-01 family and genomic DNA was extracted. Mutation screening of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene was carried out using the single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique. The possibility of exon skipping was predicted by splicing motif recognition software (ESEfinder release2.0). SSCP results showed mobility shifts in exon 8 of the APC gene which segregated with affected members of the family. Sequence analysis revealed that the affected individuals are heterozygous for a C847T transition, whilst all the unaffected family members and control individuals are homozygous C at the same position. This nucleotide substitution generates a stop codon at amino acid position 283, in place of the usual arginine (Arg283Ter). We conclude that an Arg283Ter mutation in the APC gene is causative of the FAP phenotype in this family, although there is considerable variation in the presentation of this disease among affected individuals. Computational analysis predicts that this mutation occurs within sequences that may function as splicing signals, so that the sequence change may affect normal splicing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  8. Tan M, Mariapun S, Yip CH, Ng KH, Teo SH
    Phys Med Biol, 2019 01 31;64(3):035016.
    PMID: 30577031 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aafabd
    Historically, breast cancer risk prediction models are based on mammographic density measures, which are dichotomous in nature and generally categorize each voxel or area of the breast parenchyma as 'dense' or 'not dense'. Using these conventional methods, the structural patterns or textural components of the breast tissue elements are not considered or ignored entirely. This study presents a novel method to predict breast cancer risk that combines new texture and mammographic density based image features. We performed a comprehensive study of the correlation of 944 new and conventional texture and mammographic density features with breast cancer risk on a cohort of Asian women. We studied 250 breast cancer cases and 250 controls matched at full-field digital mammography (FFDM) status for age, BMI and ethnicity. Stepwise regression analysis identified relevant features to be included in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier model, trained and tested using a leave-one-out based cross-validation method. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used as the two performance assessment indices in our study. For the LDA trained classifier, the adjusted OR was 6.15 (95% confidence interval: 3.55-10.64) and for Volpara volumetric breast density, 1.10 (0.67-1.81). The AUC for the LDA trained classifier was 0.68 (0.64-0.73), compared to 0.52 (0.47-0.57) for Volpara volumetric breast density (p   
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  9. Chahil JK, Lye SH, Bagali PG, Alex L
    Mol Biol Rep, 2012 Jul;39(7):7831-8.
    PMID: 22544571 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1626-8
    Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a disease implicated with defects in either, Low density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR), Apolipoprotein B-100 gene (APOB), the Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 gene (PCSK9) or other related genes of the lipid metabolism pathway. The general characterization of heterozygous FH is by elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and early-onset cardiovascular diseases, while the more severe type, the homozygous FH results in extreme elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and usually death of an affected individual by early twenties. We present here a novel non-synonymous, missense mutation in exon 14 of the LDLR gene in two siblings of the Malay ethnicity discovered during an in-house genetic test. We postulate that their elevated cholesterol is due to this novel mutation and they are positive for homozygous FH. This is the first report of a C711Y mutation in patients with elevated cholesterol in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  10. Shahar S, Adznam SN, Lee LK, Yusof NA, Salleh M, Mohamed Sakian NI
    Public Health Nurs, 2013 Mar;30(2):140-9.
    PMID: 23452108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2012.01051.x
    This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention package in improving anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of rural older Malays with metabolic syndrome (MS).
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  11. Narimah, A.H.H., Adlina, S., Ambigga Devi, S.K., Mazlin, M.M., Hakimi, Z.A., Nuraliza, A.S.
    MyJurnal
    A cross sectional study to determine general health and body composition was conducted for comparison between rural samples (Teluk Intan, Perak) and urban samples (Klang Valley, Selangor). Systematic random sampling was used in Z health clinics in Klang Valky and 4 health clinics in Telult Intan, Perak The results showed that urban population was more heterogeneous (Malay 63.7%, Indian 19.8%, Chinese 14.9%) compared with the rural population (Malay 75%, Indian 22.1%, Chinese 2.9%). Mean age for urban population was 44 2 1.6 years and for rural was 50 i 14.4 years. There was significant difference in the BMI (p < 0.05) between urban and rural populations where more people in the urban areas had higher BMI. There was a significant difference in the waist hip ratio (p < 0.05) between urban and rural areas where more people in the urban areas had above normal waist hip ratio. There was no significant difference in chronic diseases suffered and family medical history of the rural and urban samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  12. Inoue Y, Kaneko S, Hsieh PF, Meshram C, Lee SA, Aziz ZA, et al.
    Epilepsia, 2019 03;60 Suppl 1:60-67.
    PMID: 30869167 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14645
    This post hoc analysis assessed the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of perampanel in Asian patients with refractory focal seizures; an additional analysis assessed the effect of perampanel on focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic (FBTC) seizures. In this subanalysis, data from Asian patients ≥12 years of age who had focal seizures with FBTC seizures despite taking one to 3 concomitant antiepileptic drugs at baseline, and who had entered either the long-term extension phase of 3 phase-3 perampanel trials (study 307) or the 10-week extension phase of study 335, were analyzed for the effect of perampanel on duration of exposure, safety, and seizure outcomes. Of 874 Asian patients included in the analysis, 205 had previously received placebo during the double-blind phase-3 trials and 669 had previously received perampanel 2-12 mg/day; 313 had FIAS with FBTC seizures at core study baseline. The median duration of exposure to perampanel was 385.0 days, and the retention rate at one year was 62.6%. Overall, during the first 52 weeks of perampanel treatment, 777 patients (88.9%) had treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), most of which were mild to moderate in severity. The most frequent TEAEs were dizziness (47.1%), somnolence (22.3%), and nasopharyngitis (17.4%). During the first 52 weeks of perampanel treatment, median percent change in seizure frequency per 28 days from pre-perampanel baseline for all focal seizures was -28.1%, and -51.7% for FIAS with FBTC seizures. The 50% responder rate relative to pre-perampanel baseline for all focal seizures was 33.8%, and 51.1% for FIAS with FBTC seizures. Long-term treatment with perampanel in Asian patients had safety, tolerability, and efficacy similar to that of the global population in the phase-3 trials and extension study 307. The safety profile and response rate suggest benefit for an Asian population of patients with refractory epilepsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  13. Thambyrajah V, Yusof K, Kin FC
    Med J Malaysia, 1978 Jun;32(4):308-12.
    PMID: 732629
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  14. Doughty MJ
    Clin Exp Optom, 2014 May;97(3):256-63.
    PMID: 24405014 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12127
    PURPOSE: The aim was to assess the morphology of the Asian corneal endothelium, particularly the index of polymegethism and its relationship to endothelial cell density assessments.
    METHODS: The central regions of the corneal endothelium of 72 healthy, normal weight, non-contact lens wearers were assessed by non-contact specular microscopy. There were six groups of persons, aged between 18 and 27 years, whose ethnic origins were self-reported as Asian (Mainland China, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Pakistan or other Asian groups). Single images including at least 100 contiguous cells were obtained from each subject and were processed by planimetry after manual border marking to minimise errors. Calculations were made of the coefficient of variation of cell area (COV; polymegethism) as well as the endothelial cell density and percentage of six-sided cells.
    RESULTS: The COV values ranged from 18 to 30.4 per cent (group mean 24.5 ± 2.8 per cent). The corneas had essentially normal thickness (0.530 ± 0.026 mm), with the endothelia showing a high percentage of six-sided cells (66.3 ± 7.1 per cent) and none showing even mild signs of polymegethism. Endothelial cell density estimates based on average cell areas ranged from 2,020 to 3,623 cells per mm(2) and from 2,157 to 3,835 with calculations based on individual cell areas. The difference between the two estimates of endothelial cell density was strongly related to the coefficient of variation (r = 0.765).
    CONCLUSIONS: This result is consistent with several older reports indicating that it is uncommon to find polymegethism in healthy young adult Asian individuals. Nonetheless, even low coefficient of variation values can substantially affect the estimations of the cell density.
    KEYWORDS: Asian; cornea; endothelium; human; polymegathism
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  15. Ngeow WC, Dionysius DD, Ishak H, Nambiar P
    J Oral Sci, 2009 Jun;51(2):231-7.
    PMID: 19550091
    The anterior loop is defined as where the mental neurovascular bundle crosses anterior to the mental foramen then doubles back to exit the mental foramen. It cannot be seen clinically but can be detected in 11-60% of panoramic radiographs. As this anatomical structure is important in determining the placement position of endosseous implants in the mandibular premolar region, a pilot study was undertaken to determine its visibility on dental panoramic radiographs in dentate subjects of various age groups. One or more anterior loops were visible in 39 (40.2%) radiographs encompassing 66 sites (34.4%). Interestingly, anterior loops were most commonly observed bilaterally, followed by on the right side of the mandible only. An anterior loop on the left side only was observed in just 1 radiograph. Visibility of anterior loops reduced as the age of subjects increased. More than half (58.1%) of subjects aged 20-29 years exhibited at least one anterior loop; this gradually reduced to only 15 percent of subjects aged 50 and older. There was no association between visualization of the anterior loop and subject gender.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  16. Kwan MK, Jeffry A, Chan CY, Saw LB
    Surg Radiol Anat, 2012 Apr;34(3):217-27.
    PMID: 22194086 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-011-0919-2
    Studies of sacral pedicle anatomy have been reported in the European population. However, the feasibility for the use of S1, S2 and S2-ilium screws has not been fully investigated in the Asian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  17. Lim KG
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 06;71(Suppl 1):1-19.
    PMID: 27801384 MyJurnal
    A literature search of articles as detailed in the paper Bibliography of clinical research in Malaysia: methods and brief results, using the MESH terms Obesity; Obesity, Abdominal; and Overweight; covering the years 2000 till 2015 was undertaken and 265 articles were identified. Serial population studies showed that the prevalence of obesity increased rapidly in Malaysia in the last decade of the twentieth century. This follows the rising availability of food per capita which had been begun two to three decades previously. Almost every birth cohort, even up to those in their seventh decade increased in prevalence of overweight and obesity between 1996 and 2006. However, the rise in prevalence in obesity appears to have plateaued after the first decade of the twentieth century. Women are more obese than men and Malays and Indians are more obese than Chinese. The Orang Asli (Aborigines) are the least obese ethnic group in Malaysia but that may change with socioeconomic development. Neither living in rural areas nor having low income protects against obesity. On the contrary, a tertiary education and an income over RM4,000/month is associated with less obesity. Malaysians are generally not physically active enough, in the modes of transportation they use and how they use their leisure time. Other criteria and measures of obesity have been investigated, such as the relevance of abdominal obesity, and the Asian criteria or Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-offs value of 23.0 kg/m2 for overweight and 27.0 kg/m2 for obesity, with the view that the risk of diabetes and other chronic diseases start to increase at lower values in Asians compared to Europeans. Nevertheless the standard World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for obesity are still most widely used and hence is the best common reference. Guidelines for the management of obesity have been published and projects to combat obesity are being run. However, more effort needs to be invested. Studies on intervention programmes showed that weight loss is not easy to achieve nor maintain. Laboratory research worldwide has uncovered several genetic and biochemical markers associated with obesity. Similar studies in Malaysia have found some biomarkers with an association to obesity in the local population but none of great significance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  18. Chin KY
    Postgrad Med, 2017 Sep;129(7):734-746.
    PMID: 28695762 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2017.1353394
    The prevalence of osteoporosis in Asian countries is growing. An effective screening method will enable patients at risk for osteoporosis to receive early diagnosis and treatment, and avoid overcrowding the limited dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machines available in Asian countries. Many simple osteoporosis screening algorithms have been developed but they are not validated for use in Asian populations. osteoporosis self-assessment tools for Asians (OSTA), established using a multinational Asian cohort, is the first screening algorithm that caters for the Asian populations. It considers only body weight and age in the algorithm. It shows consistently high performance and sensitivity in identifying postmenopausal women at risk for osteoporosis in many Asian countries. Its usage has been expanded for identifying osteoporosis in men, as well as determining fracture risk for both sexes. However, the performance of OSTA is influenced by age, sex, ethnicity and site of BMD measurement to define osteoporosis. Its usage is also limited in individuals without apparent risk factors. These limitations should be noted by physicians considering the use of OSTA in clinical setting. As a conclusion, OSTA is a cost-effective measure for osteoporosis screening in primary healthcare setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  19. Seow CC, Chow PK, Khong KS
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1999 Mar;28(2):231-6.
    PMID: 10497673
    Joint hypermobility is a clinical entity that has been little studied in Southeast Asia in contrast to the many studies that have been conducted in the West. A pioneer study was conducted in Singapore involving 306 subjects from the three major races i.e. Chinese, Malays and Indians. Their ages ranged from 15 to 39 years. The objective was to ascertain the joint mobility profile in a study sample representative of the Singapore population and the prevalence of joint hypermobility amongst normal individuals. Joint mobility was assessed using criteria according to Carter and Wilkinson modified by Beighton et al. The distribution of the three major races in the study sample was based on the 1990 census of the Singapore population. The prevalence of joint hypermobility was found to be 17%. The results showed that joint mobility decreases with age and that females had consistently higher degree of joint mobility compared to males throughout the age group. Among the racial groups, Malays had the highest degree of joint mobility followed by Indians and Chinese.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
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