Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 700 in total

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  1. Marinitenerispora sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Nocardiopsaceae isolated from marine sediment
    Ng ZY, Fang BZ, Li WJ, Tan GYA
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2019 Oct;69(10):3031-3040.
    PMID: 31310190 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003587
    Three novel actinobacterial strains, designated as TPS16T, TPS81 and TPS83, were isolated from a sample of marine sediment collected from Tioman Island, Malaysia. The strains formed abundant branched substrate mycelia without fragmentation along with production of blue spores and blue diffusible pigment on soybean meal agar. The strains could grow at pH ranging from pH 6 to 12 and in 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl. Cell-wall hydrolysis showed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid. The strains were closely related to Marinactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO 00652T (97.60 %) and Marinactinospora endophytica YIM 690053T (96.87 %) based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Multilocus sequence analysis including gyrB, recA and rpoB genes further confirmed that strain TPS16T represented a distinct branch within the family Nocardiopsaceae. The predominant menaquinones were MK-11(H2), MK-10(H2), MK-11(H4) and MK-10(H4), while the major fatty acids were found to be iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. Genome sequencing revealed genome sizes of approximately 6 Mb and G+C contents of 73.8 mol%. A new genus, Marinitenerispora gen. nov., is proposed within the family Nocardiopsaceae based on polyphasic data and the type species is Marinitenerispora sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is TPS16T (=DSM 46825T=TBRC 5138T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  2. Dietary assessment of pre-diabetic patients by using food frequency questionnaire. A systematic review of study quality, study outcome, study questionnaire and their relative validity and reliability
    Siddiqui S, Zainal H, Harun SN, Sheikh Ghadzi SM
    Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2019 02;29:213-223.
    PMID: 30661689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.10.002
    BACKGROUND: The contribution of dietary factors in the development and progression of pre-diabetes has been increasingly recognized. However, due to high variability in dietary habits measurement of dietary intake remains one of the most challenging tasks in this population. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which investigates usual dietary intake can be used to identify frequent consumption of foods such as dietary fat, fiber, grains that are linked to the risk of pre-diabetes.

    METHOD: This systematic review was conducted to identify and describe FFQs that measure dietary intake of pre-diabetic patients and to examine their relative validity and reliability. The systematic search was done through electronic databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Scopus. Methodological quality of included studies and results of study outcome was also summarized in this review.

    RESULT: The search identified 445 papers, of which 18 studies reported 15 FFQs, met inclusion criteria. Most of the FFQs (n = 12) were semi-quantitative while three were frequency measures with portion size estimation of selected food items. Test-retest reliability of FFQ was reported in 7 (38.3%) studies with the correlation coefficient of 0.33-0.92. Relative validity of FFQ was reported in 16 (88.8%) studies with the range of correlation coefficient of 0.08-0.83. Dietary patterns rich in carbohydrate, fat, animal protein and n-3 fatty acids were associated with increased risk of pre-diabetes.

    CONCLUSION: No well-established disease-specific FFQ identified in the literature. Development of a valid, practical and reliable tool is needed for better understanding of the impact of diet in pre-diabetic population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Omega-3
  3. Fulltext Quality of Dabai Pulp Oil Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Supplementation in Hypercholesterolemic Rat-A New Alternative Fat
    Kadir NAAA, Azlan A, Abas F, Ismail IS
    Foods, 2021 Jan 27;10(2).
    PMID: 33513823 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020262
    Dabai pulp oil (DPO) is new oil extracted from the pulp of Canarium odontophyllum. The quality and efficacy of DPO are needed to promote its potential as a new alternative fat. Therefore, we investigate the quality of DPO, which includes moisture and volatile content (MVC), free fatty acid content (FFA), iodine value (IV), and peroxide value (PV). Furthermore, we evaluate the efficacy of DPO against hypercholesterolemia elicited by a high-cholesterol diet in rats. The MVC of DPO was <0.001 ± 0.00%. Next, the FFA in DPO was 2.57 ± 0.03%, and the IV of DPO was 53.74 ± 0.08 g iodine/100 g oil. Meanwhile, the PV of DPO was 4.97 ± 0.00 mEq/kg. Supplementation of DPO in hypercholesterolemic rats for 30 days revealed the hypocholesterolemic effect (significant reduction of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) accompanied by a significant reduction of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and lipid peroxidation (MDA). We also observed a significant improvement of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and antioxidant capacities (total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) of the rats. The results on the quality and efficacy of locally made DPO suggest its potential use as a healthy alternative fat in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  4. Fulltext The Therapeutic Effect and In Vivo Assessment of Palmitoyl-GDPH on the Wound Healing Process
    Fadilah NIM, Rahman MBA, Yusof LM, Mustapha NM, Ahmad H
    Pharmaceutics, 2021 Feb 01;13(2).
    PMID: 33535623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020193
    The standard treatment of open wounds via the direct usage of therapeutic agents is not without limitations with respect to healing. Small peptides can create a favorable milieu for accelerating the healing of wounds. This study presents the potential of a novel fatty acid conjugated tetrapeptide (palmitic acid-glycine-aspartic acid-proline-histidine; Palmitoyl-GDPH) in alleviating wound healing. Tetracycline was employed as a standard control drug following its significance in wound healing including biologically active and antimicrobial effects. The peptide in liquid form was applied on to a 4 cm2 full thickness wound surgically induced at the dorsum of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The in vivo wound treatment with Palmitoyl-GDPH for eighteen days, histologically demonstrated an almost perfect healing exhibited by increased re-epithelialization, enhanced collagen deposition, and diminished scar formation compared to the controls. In addition, the well-developed epidermal-dermal junction and ultimate stimulation of hair follicle-growth in the Palmitoyl-GDPH treated group indicated the wound to have healed as functionally viable tissues. In general, the much lower hemogram values in the Palmitoyl-GDPH group indicated that the ongoing healing is en route to an earlier recovery. Additionally, the liver, kidney, and pancreas function biomarkers being within normal limits indicated the relatively non-toxic nature of Palmitoyl-GDPH at the used dosage. These results indisputably supported the great potential of this newly synthesized Palmitoyl-GDPH to be used as an effective therapeutic agent for wound healing (this actually means creating a new wound).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  5. Fulltext Comparison of neurotoxic effects of ethanol and endosulfan on biochemical changes of brain tissues in Javanese medaka (Oryzias Javanicus) and zebrafish (Danio Reri
    Nurul Farhana Ramlan, Noraini Abu Bakar, Albert, Emmellie Laura, Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli, Syahida Ahmad, Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai, et al.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(2):689-701.
    MyJurnal
    An ideal model organism for neurotoxicology research should meet several characteristics, such as low cost and amenable for high throughput testing. Javanese medaka (JM) has been widely used in the ecotoxicological studies related to the marine and freshwater environment, but rarely utilized for biomedical research. Therefore, in this study, the applicability of using JM in the neurotoxicology research was assessed using biochemical comparison with an established model organism, the zebrafish. Identification of biochemical changes due to the neurotoxic effects of ethanol and endosulfan was assessed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Treatment with ethanol affected the level of lipids, proteins, glycogens and nucleic acids in the brain of JM. Meanwhile, treatment with endosulfan showed alteration in the level of lipids and nucleic acids. For the zebrafish, exposure to ethanol affected the level of protein, fatty acid and amino acid, and exposure to endosulfan induced alteration in the fatty acids, amino acids, nucleic acids and protein in the brain of zebrafish. The sensitive response of the JM toward chemicals exposure proved that it was a valuable model for neurotoxicology research. More studies need to be conducted to further develop JM as an ideal model organism for neurotoxicology research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  6. Fulltext Reduction of the acidity and peroxide numbers of tengkawang butter (Shorea stenoptera) using thermal and acid activated bentonites
    Darmawan MA, Muhammad BZ, Harahap AFP, Ramadhan MYA, Sahlan M, Haryuni, et al.
    Heliyon, 2020 Dec;6(12):e05742.
    PMID: 33364505 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05742
    Tengkawang fat (Shorea stenoptera), from an indigenous plant of the Kalimantan forest, has excellent potential as an alternative source of vegetable fat because it has a high level of fatty acids composition. Activated natural bentonite can be used as a bleaching agent to improve the quality of tengkawang fat. This research aims to reduce the acidity, peroxide number values and identify the physicochemical properties (fatty acid composition, nutrients, and thermal) of tengkawang butter. Initially, tengkawang samples from Nanga Yen and Sintang were pre-treated using the degumming process with 1% phosphoric acid and the neutralization process with a 1 M NaOH 10% w/w solution. The results show that the acidity (mg NaOH/g) of the tengkawang fat samples was reduced from 11.00 to 3.36 when using bentonite activated at 200 °C. The bentonite activated with 0.5 M HCl reduced the acidity to 3.61. The peroxide number (meq O2/kg) of the tengkawang fat samples was reduced from 9.45 to 4.84 and 3.47 by bleaching with thermal-activated and acid-activated bentonites, respectively. Peroxide value correlates with β-carotene content. The smaller of the β-carotene content, the smaller the peroxide value. The acidity, peroxide number, and iodine number values from tengkawang fat after treatment adhere to the SNI 2903: 2016 standard. The main content of fatty acids in tengkawang fat is palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. These results show that both products are suitable for the food industry in terms of the acid and peroxide numbers. The application of this research results will assist local people in increasing the economic value of the product from tengkawang plant, which is an indigenous plant from Kalimantan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  7. Nutritional interventions for the prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia in developing economies in East-Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    McGrattan A, van Aller C, Narytnyk A, Reidpath D, Keage H, Mohan D, et al.
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2020 Dec 18.
    PMID: 33337250 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1848785
    Dementia represents a key impending global health challenge. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence on nutritional interventions for the prevention of dementia in developing economies in East-Asia. Four comprehensive databases were searched from inception until January 2020: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus. The search was restricted to randomized controlled trials [RCTs] in adult humans, assessing the effect of nutritional interventions on global and domain specific cognitive performance and dementia risk. Meta-analysis of data was conducted for each domain and sub-categorized according to the type of nutritional intervention. Twenty-four RCTs were included, of which, fifteen studies showed significant beneficial effects on cognition. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant beneficial effects were found for essential fatty acids (EPA/DHA) and micronutrient supplementation on specific cognitive domains including attention and orientation, perception, verbal functions and language skills. The effect size of the interventions appeared to be greater in older subjects with cognitive impairment. Supplementation with B-vitamins and essential fatty acids may represent promising strategies to minimize age-related cognitive decline in Asian populations. Large, high-quality, long-term trials are needed to confirm these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Essential
  8. Fulltext Effectiveness of flaxseed oil on peripheral nerve regeneration following crush injury of sciatic nerve in rat: behavioural analysis and an electron microscopic study
    Muhammad Danial Che Ramli, Nur Amira Sumari, Neni Widiasmoro Selamat, Hussin Muhammad, Junedah Sanusi
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(101):106-111.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are a disabling injury as it often results in motor and sensory deficit with cognitive impairment. Flaxseed oil provides a good source of omega-3 fatty acid and it is believed to be able to protect the damaged nerve cell for successful nerve recovery. This study aimed to investigate a potential neuro-re- generation properties of flaxseed oil in treating the PNI. Methods: A total of 65 rats were separated into 4 groups: Group 1: Normal group (n=5), Group 2: Negative group (n=20), Group 3: Experimental group (n=20) and Group 4: Positive control (n=20), all the group were further divided into 4 groups (post-operative 7, 14, 21, 28 days, n=5 for each days). The functional restoration was assessed by walking track analysis (Sciatic Functional Index analysis-SFI) and toe spreading reflex (grading score). Electron microscope studies were performed on sciatic nerve to evaluate the regenerative process through morphologic and morphometric changes. Results: Oral administration of flaxseed oil (experimental group) at 1000 mg/kg body weight/day showed better recovery compared to negative control value. However, there was no significant difference in SFI and toe spreading reflex between positive (mecobalamin) and experimental group (flaxseed oil). Morphological and morphometrical findings indicated increases in the myelin thickness and myelin sheath layer after administration of flaxseed oil. Conclusion: The flaxseed oil supplementation could enhance the neurorestorative capacities of injured sciatic nerve.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Omega-3
  9. Fulltext Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children-An Update and Novel Insights
    Cohen Kadosh K, Muhardi L, Parikh P, Basso M, Jan Mohamed HJ, Prawitasari T, et al.
    Nutrients, 2021 Jan 10;13(1).
    PMID: 33435231 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010199
    Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  10. Probiotic consumption relieved human stress and anxiety symptoms possibly via modulating the neuroactive potential of the gut microbiota
    Ma T, Jin H, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Liong MT, Zhang H
    Neurobiol Stress, 2021 May;14:100294.
    PMID: 33511258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100294
    Stress has been shown to disturb the balance of human intestinal microbiota and subsequently causes mental health problems like anxiety and depression. Our previous study showed that ingesting the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum P-8, for 12 weeks could alleviate stress and anxiety of stressed adults. The current study was a follow-up work aiming to investigate the functional role of the gut metagenomes in the observed beneficial effects. The fecal metagenomes of the probiotic (n = 43) and placebo (n = 36) receivers were analyzed in depth. The gut microbiomes of the placebo group at weeks 0 and 12 showed a significantly greater Aitchison distance (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile
  11. Fulltext Omega-3 fatty acids: potential sources in the Malaysian diet with the goal towards achieving recommended nutrient intakes
    Ng, T.K.W.
    Malays J Nutr, 2006;12(2):181-188.
    MyJurnal
    Omega-3 fatty acid nutrition is widely recognised as essential to health and general well-being. However, health professionals and the general public in Malaysia may lack knowledge on the sources or the amounts of these essential fat components in foods. This paper attempts to correct this scenario by identifying the potential sources of omega-3 fatty acids [a-linolenic acid (ALA), or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] in the Malaysian diet and calculating the amounts of these “nutrients” provided per serving of a wide variety of foods. The information generated provides Malaysian health professionals and consumers with options in food choices or meal planning with the goal towards achieving the recommended nutrient intakes for omega-3 fatty acids. The findings in the present study revealed that the potential sources of omega-3 fatty acids in the Malaysian diet in decreasing order are: edible oils (ALA), fish and fish products (EPA+DHA), vegetables (ALA), meat and eggs (EPA+DHA), and milk/milk products (EPA+DHA). Edible oils which are exceptionally high in ALA such as flaxseed oil and perilla oil are presently unavailable at local retail outlets and supermarkets. However, consumers can still meet the recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) for omega-3 fatty acids of 0.3 to 1.2% energy (equivalent to 0.67g-2.67g) by choosing a wellbalanced diet prepared preferably with a cooking oil blend containing ALA, and one or more servings daily from at least three of the following food groups: (i) fish (“jelawat”, “siakap”, sardines, tuna, mackerel, salmon)/seafoods (shrimps, crab)/meat, (ii) vegetables/soybean/ soybean-based products/beans and peas, (iii) omega-3 enriched/fortified foods (eg. “omega-3 eggs”), and (iv) ready-to-drink omega-3 milk preparations/soybean milk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Omega-3
  12. Fulltext Dose-dependent cholesterolemic activity of tocotrienols and α-tocopherol
    Khor, Hun Teik, Ng, Theng Theng, Rajendran, Raajeswari
    Malays J Nutr, 2002;8(2):157-166.
    MyJurnal
    Tocotrienols and tocopherols are isoforms of vitamin E. Vitamin E may exhibit antioxidant, prooxidant and non-antioxidant activities depending upon circumstances. In this study, the effect of tocotrienols and α-tocopherol on the activities of HMG CoA reductase and cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase was investigated. Pure tocotrienols were isolated from palm fatty acid distillate and pure α-tocopherol was obtained commercially. Guinea pigs were treated with different dosages of tocotrienols and α-tocopherol. After the treatment period, animals were sacrificed and liver microsomes were prepared. HMG CoA reductase and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase were assayed using tracer techniques. Our results showed that the effects of tocotrienols and α-tocopherol on the activities of both the enzymes were dose-dependent. At low dosages, both tocotrienols and α-tocopherol exhibited an inhibitory effect on both the enzymes. Moreover, tocotrienols were a much stronger inhibitors than α-tocopherol. At high dosages, on the other hand, tocotrienols and α-tocopherol showed opposite effects on the enzymes. While tocotrienols continued to exhibit an inhibitory effect, α-tocopherol actually exhibited a stimulatory effect on both the enzymes. A possible explanation for this observation is suggested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  13. Fulltext Dietary Fat and Fibre Intakes of Malaysian Adults: Issues and Implications when ‘Western Targets’ Are Set as Dietary Goals
    Malays J Nutr, 1997;3(2):-.
    MyJurnal
    This article examines the fat and fibre intakes of Malaysian adults and highlights discrepancies and practical limitations if these intakes are to match the levels for these nutrients advocated in the World Health Organisation (WHO) and American Heart Association (AHA) ‘diet models’. Local data on food consumption showed that the total fat intakes amongst Malaysian adults, contrary to common perception, were not high and the mean values obtained fell within the range of 40-66g or 22-26% kcal. As such, the dietary target of 30% kcal total fat or its intermediate target of 30-35% kcal, advocated by WHO and AHA mainly to address the problem of a high consumption of dietary fats in western populations, should not be adopted indiscriminately by Malaysians. Dietary fatty acid (FA) analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with the use of food composition tables, showed that the typical Malaysian diet prepared with palm olein or palm olein-groundnut oil blends as cooking oil contained 3.2-4.0% kcal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly as the w-6 linoleic acid, which is also the predominant essential fatty acid (EFA) in humans. This level of linoleic acid, with an ω-6/ ω--3 FA ratio approximating 10, is adequate for basal PUPA and EFA needs but fell short of the 4-10% kcal linoleic acid recommended by WHO (1993) to counter the effects of the cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids (SFA). This raised upper limit of 10% kcal linoleic acid (previously 7% kcal), which equals the level of PUFA implied in the AHA diet model, appears unnecessarily high considering that the cholesterol-lowering potential of linoleic acid is maximum at about 6% kcal, while the health hazards associated with long-term high intakes of PUPA have never been completely dismissed. The new WHO lower limit for dietary linoleic acid (4% kcal) would have a controversial impact of raising the previous minimal 3% kcal EFA to above 4% kcal (linoleic + alpha-linolenic acids). Similarly, the WHO recommendation for total dietary fibre of 27-40g (equivalent to a daily combined intake of 400g of vegetables and fruits, 30g of which should come from pulses) appears at present, too high a dietary target for the average Malaysian adult whose habitual daily diet was estimated to contain about 180g of vegetables plus fruits, providing only about 13-16g total dietary fibre. Appropriately, an expert panel on Malaysian Dietary Guidelines has recommended instead, 20-30% kcal total fat containing 3-7% kcal PUFA, and 20-30g total dietary fibre for the local population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  14. Fulltext Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation and exercise on body fat mass and blood lipid profiles among overweight Iranians
    Loh, Su Peng, Abas Mohaghehgi, Hanieh Fouladi
    Malays J Nutr, 2018;24(2):203-213.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been studied for its fat mass
    reduction effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of CLA supplementation
    on body fat mass (BFM) and selected blood lipid profiles among overweight Iranian.

    Methods: A total of 180 adults with BMI = 26-29 kg/m2 and BFM exceeding 21%
    and 28% for men and women, respectively were recruited through voluntary
    participation from weight management clinics in Tehran. They were assigned
    randomly to three groups as follows: Group (1) (control group) receives weight loss
    diet only; Group (2) receives weight loss diet +3 gr/day CLA supplement (mixture
    of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) twice a day and Group (3) weight loss diet
    +3 gr/day CLA supplement as Group (2) twice a day + regular exercise (walking at
    5.5-6 km/h for at least 160 minutes/week). The trial was conducted for 12 weeks.
    Anthropometric measurements and blood lipid profiles were determined at weeks 0,
    6 and 12.

    Results: Both Group 2 and Group 3 showed a significant between-group
    difference in reduction of BFM (1.3% and 2.6% respectively) compared to Group 1.
    Group 2 supplementation showed increased free fatty acid (FFA) (0.44 mM to 0.55
    mM) and decreased HDL-chol (47.5 mg/dL to 42.0 mg/dL) between weeks 0 and
    12. These results were not observed for Group 3.

    Conclusion: Combination of CLA
    supplementation with exercise showed BFM reduction in overweight Iranian adults.
    Further research is suggested to verify the findings of this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  15. Fulltext Cloning and Characterisation of (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-acyl Carrier Protein-coenzyme A Transferase Gene (phaG) from Pseudomonas sp. USM 4-55
    Arsad H, Sudesh K, Nazalan N, Muhammad TS, Wahab H, Razip Samian M
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2009 Dec;20(2):1-14.
    PMID: 24575175 MyJurnal
    The (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-ACP-CoA transferase catalyses the conversion of (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-ACP to (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA derivatives, which serves as the ultimate precursor for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymerisation from unrelated substrates in pseudomonads. PhaG was found to be responsible for channelling precursors for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase from a de novo fatty acid biosynthesis pathway when cultured on carbohydrates, such as glucose or gluconate. The phaG gene was cloned from Pseudomonas sp. USM 4-55 using a homologous probe. The gene was located in a 3660 bp Sal I fragment (GenBank accession number EU305558). The open reading frame (ORF) was 885 bp long and encoded a 295 amino acid protein. The predicted molecular weight was 33251 Da, and it showed a 62% identity to the PhaG of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The function of the cloned phaG of Pseudomonas sp. USM 4-55 was confirmed by complementation studies. Plasmid pBCS39, which harboured the 3660 bp Sal I fragment, was found to complement the PhaG-mutant heterologous host cell, Pseudomonas putida PhaGN-21. P. putida PhaGN-21, which harboured pBCS39, accumulated PHA that accounted for up to 18% of its cellular dry weight (CDW). P. putida PhaGN-21, which harboured the vector alone (PBBR1MCS-2), accumulated only 0.6% CDW of PHA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  16. Fulltext Discrimination of plant and animal derived MAG and DAG by principal component analysis of fatty acid composition and thermal profile data
    Nasyrah, A.R., Marikkar, J.M.N., Dzulkifly, M.H.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1497-1501.
    MyJurnal
    A study was carried out to distinguish mono- (MAG) and di-acylglycerol (DAG) from plant lipids such as sunflower, rapeseed and soybean oil, from those derived from animal fats such as lard, goat fat and beef fat using fatty acid and thermal profile data. MAG and DAG of both plant and animal lipids were synthesized according to a chemical glycerolysis method catalyzed by sodium hydroxide. MAG and DAG of individual lipid were isolated and purified using the standard column chromatography method and subjected to fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The application of principal component analysis (PCA) to the data collected from the individual instrumental technique showed that it was possible to distinctly classify MAG and DAG of plant lipids from those derived from animal fats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  17. Dense populations of the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in feces of Penaeus vannamei exhibiting white feces syndrome and pathways of their transmission to healthy shrimp
    Tang KFJ, Han JE, Aranguren LF, White-Noble B, Schmidt MM, Piamsomboon P, et al.
    J Invertebr Pathol, 2016 Oct;140:1-7.
    PMID: 27530403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.08.004
    White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging problem for penaeid shrimp farming industries in SE Asia countries, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, China, and in India. This occurrence of this syndrome is usually first evidenced by the appearance of white fecal strings floating on surface of the shrimp ponds. The gross signs of affected shrimp include the appearance of a whitish hindgut and loose carapace, and it is associated with reduced feeding and growth retardation. To investigate the nature of the white feces syndrome, samples of white feces and shrimp hepatopancreas tissue were collected from Penaeus vannamei in affected farms in Indonesia, and these were examined histologically. Within the white feces, we found densely packed spores of the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (abbreviated as EHP) and relatively fewer numbers of rod-shaped bacteria. From WFS ponds, hepatopancreas samples form 30 individual shrimp were analyzed by histology and in situ hybridization. The results showed that all of the shrimp examined were infected with EHP accompanied by septic hepatopancreatic necrosis (SHPN). Midgut epithelial cells were also infected and this increased the number of tissue types being affected by EHP. By PCR, EHP was detected in all the samples analyzed from WFS-affected ponds, but not in those sampled from healthy shrimp ponds. To determine the modes of transmission for this parasite, we performed feeding and cohabitation bioassays, the results showed that EHP can be transmitted through per os feeding of EHP-infected hepatopancreas tissue to healthy shrimp and through cohabitation ofinfected and healthy shrimp. In addition, we found the use of Fumagillin-B, an antimicrobial agent, was ineffective in either reducing or eliminating EHP in infected shrimp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
  18. Fulltext Composition of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and Chinese apple flower (Malus spp.) buds
    Voon, H.C., Bhat, Rajeev, Karim, A.A., Rosma, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(3):1173-1179.
    MyJurnal
    Traditionally, in Chinese medicine, tree peony and apple flower buds are used to prepare herbal decoctions to cure various ailments. As both of these flowers are popular and used regularly, providing scientific evidence on their basic composition is a necessity. Hence, in the present study, we report the chemical composition of these two flower buds. Results revealed tree peony and apple flower buds to have high crude protein (15.73 and 26.30%), fibre (13.11 and 16.51%), and carbohydrate (57.84 and 40.63%) contents. Both the flowers had significant amounts of essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential minerals present in tree peony and apple flowers were potassium (1540.37 and 1125.60 mg/100 g), calcium (462.46 and 449.98 mg/100 g), magnesium (241.51 and 164.23 mg/100 g), sodium (12.75 and 20.06 mg/100 g), and phosphorus (420.00 and 590.00 mg/100 g), respectively. Heavy metals (cadmium, nickel, mercury, lead, and arsenic) were detected in trace amounts (< 0.50 mg/100 g) in both the flower buds. Results obtained indicate that both flowers could be exploited as an additional source of nutraceutical for the development of new functional foods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
  19. Fulltext Effect of lipase hydrolysis on the antibacterial activity of coconut oil, palm mesocarp oil and selected seed oils against several pathogenic bacteria
    Lee, S.T., Ariffin, A., Son R., Ghazali, H.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(1):46-54.
    MyJurnal
    The antibacterial activity of solvent-extracted oil of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn.), and mustard (Brassica nigra L.) seed oils, and coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) oil, palm (Elaeis guineensis L.) mesocarp in hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed form were determined in order to explore their potential usage as antibacterial agent. The hydrolysis process that was catalyzed by immobilized lipase of Rhizomucor miehei (RMIM) showed highest hydrolytic activity with 1.0 ml of added water volume except bitter gourd seed oil and palm mesocarp oil which has maximum hydrolytic activity with added water volume of 5 ml and 2.5 ml respectively. Before hydrolysis, all oil samples did not show inhibition ring zones (IRZ) on any of the tested bacteria strains (Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7). Hydrolyzed lady’s finger and bitter gourd seed oil showed IRZ on all tested bacteria strains; hydrolyzed mustard seed oil on S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes; hydrolyzed spinach seed oil and coconut oil on L. monocytogenes; hydrolyzed noni seed oil and palm mesocarp oil did not exhibit IRZ on any of the tested bacteria strains. Most of the hydrolyzed oil exhibit an inhibition activity that was different from their respective dominant fatty acids except noni seed oil and palm mesocarp oil.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids
  20. Prebiotic evaluation of red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) using in vitro colon model
    Bajury DM, Rawi MH, Sazali IH, Abdullah A, Sarbini SR
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2017 Nov;68(7):821-828.
    PMID: 28393631 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1309522
    Red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) cultivated from Sabah (RSS) and Langkawi (RSL) were digested using in vitro mouth, gastric and duodenal model. The digested seaweed then fermented in a pH-controlled batch culture system inoculated with human faeces to mimic the distal colon. Bacterial enumeration were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation, and the fermentation end products, the short chain fatty acids (SCFA), were analysed using HPLC. Both RSS and RSL showed significant increase of Bifidobacterium sp.; from log10 7.96 at 0 h to log10 8.72 at 24 h, and from log10 7.96 at 0 h to log10 8.60 at 24 h, respectively, and shows no significant difference when compared to the Bifidobacterium sp. count at 24 h of inulin fermentation. Both seaweeds also showed significant increase in total SCFA production, particularly acetate and propionate. Overall, this data suggested that K. alvarezii might have the potential as a prebiotic ingredient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Volatile
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