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Organic and inorganic antibacterial approaches in combating bacterial infection for biomedical application

Saidin S, Jumat MA, Mohd Amin NAA, Saleh Al-Hammadi AS

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2021 Jan;118:111382.
PMID: 33254989 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111382

In spite of antibiotics, antibacterial agents or specifically known as antiseptics are actively explored for the prevention of infection-associated medical devices. Antibacterial agents are introduced to overcome the complication of bacterial resistance which devoted by antibiotics. It can be classified into inorganic and organic, that prominently have impacted bacterial retardation in their own killing mechanism patterns. Therefore, this review paper aimed to provide information on most common used inorganic and organic antibacterial agents which have potential to be utilized in biomedical applications, thus, classifying the trends of antibacterial mechanism on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In the beginning, infectious diseases and associated biomedical infections were stated to expose current infection scenarios on medical devices. The general view, application, susceptible bacteria and activation mechanism of inorganic (silver, copper, gold and zinc) and organic (chlorhexidine, triclosan, polyaniline and polyethylenimine) antibacterial agents that are widely proposed for biomedical area, were then gathered and reviewed. In the latter part of the study, the intact mechanisms of inorganic and organic antibacterial agents in retarding bacterial growth were classified and summarized based on its susceptibility on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Most of inorganic antibacterial agents are in the form of metal, which release its ions to retard prominently Gram-negative bacteria. While organic antibacterial agents are susceptible to Gram-positive bacteria through organelle modification and disturbance of bio-chemical pathway. However, the antibacterial effects of each antibacterial agent are also depending on its effective mechanism and the species of bacterial strain. These compilation reviews and classification mechanisms are beneficial to assist the selection of antibacterial agents to be incorporated on/within biomaterials, based on its susceptible bacteria. Besides, the combination of several antibacterial agents with different susceptibilities will cover a wide range of antibacterial spectrum.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria
Ocular surface infections in northeastern state of malaysia: a 10-year review of bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility

Rahman ZA, Harun A, Hasan H, Mohamed Z, Noor SS, Deris ZZ, et al.

Eye Contact Lens, 2013 Sep;39(5):355-60.
PMID: 23982472 DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e3182a3026b

Ocular surface infections that include infections of conjunctiva, adnexa, and cornea have the potential risk of causing blindness within a given population. Empirical antibiotic therapy is usually initiated based on epidemiological data of common causative agents. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the bacterial agents and their susceptibility patterns of isolates from ocular surface specimens in our hospital.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*; Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification
Novel antimicrobial development using genome-scale metabolic model of Gram-negative pathogens: a review

Chung WY, Zhu Y, Mahamad Maifiah MH, Shivashekaregowda NKH, Wong EH, Abdul Rahim N

J Antibiot (Tokyo), 2021 02;74(2):95-104.
PMID: 32901119 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-00366-2

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of a wide range of infections. Governments around the world are beginning to devote effort for innovative treatment development to treat these resistant bacteria. Systems biology methods have been applied extensively to provide valuable insights into metabolic processes at system level. Genome-scale metabolic models serve as platforms for constraint-based computational techniques which aid in novel drug discovery. Tools for automated reconstruction of metabolic models have been developed to support system level metabolic analysis. We discuss features of such software platforms for potential users to best fit their purpose of research. In this work, we focus to review the development of genome-scale metabolic models of Gram-negative pathogens and also metabolic network approach for identification of antimicrobial drugs targets.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*; Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics*; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology*
Multifunctional and theranostic hydrogels for wound healing acceleration: An emphasis on diabetic-related chronic wounds

Tehrany PM, Rahmanian P, Rezaee A, Ranjbarpazuki G, Sohrabi Fard F, Asadollah Salmanpour Y, et al.

Environ Res, 2023 Dec 01;238(Pt 1):117087.
PMID: 37716390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117087

Hydrogels represent intricate three-dimensional polymeric structures, renowned for their compatibility with living systems and their ability to naturally degrade. These networks stand as promising and viable foundations for a range of biomedical uses. The practical feasibility of employing hydrogels in clinical trials has been well-demonstrated. Among the prevalent biomedical uses of hydrogels, a significant application arises in the context of wound healing. This intricate progression involves distinct phases of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, often triggered by trauma, skin injuries, and various diseases. Metabolic conditions like diabetes have the potential to give rise to persistent wounds, leading to delayed healing processes. This current review consolidates a collection of experiments focused on the utilization of hydrogels to expedite the recovery of wounds. Hydrogels have the capacity to improve the inflammatory conditions at the wound site, and they achieve this by diminishing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exhibiting antioxidant effects. Hydrogels have the potential to enhance the growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes at the wound site. They also possess the capability to inhibit both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, effectively managing wounds infected by drug-resistant bacteria. Hydrogels can trigger angiogenesis and neovascularization processes, while also promoting the M2 polarization of macrophages, which in turn mitigates inflammation at the wound site. Intelligent and versatile hydrogels, encompassing features such as pH sensitivity, reactivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and responsiveness to light and temperature, have proven advantageous in expediting wound healing. Furthermore, hydrogels synthesized using environmentally friendly methods, characterized by high levels of biocompatibility and biodegradability, hold the potential for enhancing the wound healing process. Hydrogels can facilitate the controlled discharge of bioactive substances. More recently, there has been progress in the creation of conductive hydrogels, which, when subjected to electrical stimulation, contribute to the enhancement of wound healing. Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, leads to a slowdown in the wound healing process, often resulting in the formation of persistent wounds. Hydrogels have the capability to expedite the healing of diabetic wounds, facilitating the transition from the inflammatory phase to the proliferative stage. The current review sheds light on the biological functionalities of hydrogels, encompassing their role in modulating diverse mechanisms and cell types, including inflammation, oxidative stress, macrophages, and bacteriology. Additionally, this review emphasizes the significance of smart hydrogels with responsiveness to external stimuli, as well as conductive hydrogels for promoting wound healing. Lastly, the discussion delves into the advancement of environmentally friendly hydrogels with high biocompatibility, aimed at accelerating the wound healing process.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria
Fulltext Microbiology of diabetic foot infections in a teaching hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective study of 194 cases

Raja NS

J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2007 Feb;40(1):39-44.
PMID: 17332905

Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease with chronic complications. Foot infections are a major complication of diabetes and eventually lead to development of gangrene and lower extremity amputation. The microbiological characteristics of diabetic foot infections have not been extensively studied in Malaysia. This study investigated the microbiology of diabetic foot infections and their resistance to antibiotics in patients with diabetic foot infections treated at University of Malaya Medical Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification*
Fulltext Melioidosis: Cases Notified to Kota Kinabalu District Health Office Year 2017

Rosfina Ghazali

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):29-0.
MyJurnal

Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease cause by gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is predominantly in tropical climate especially Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. This disease is associated with significant mortality due to early onset of sepsis.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria
Fulltext Medicinal properties screening of Mallotus paniculatus extract

NA Bahaman, Raha Ahmad Raus, Yusilawati Ahmad Nor, Al Mamun, Abdullah, Noor Suhana Adzahar, Dayang Fredalina Basri

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(1):5-12.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Traditionally, Mallotus paniculatus (Balik Angin) plant is used in the treatment of various
diseases in rural areas such as remedy after childbirth, wound healing and fever. In this present study, four
medicinal properties of the plant were investigated which included antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and
antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: Potential medicinal compounds were extracted from the plant
leaves by sonication with 3 different solvents namely ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane respectively. The
antibacterial and antifungal properties were determined using disc diffusion agar and broth dilution assay,
the antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging assay and the anticancer effect by MTT assay. Results: From the
screening of the medicinal properties, M. paniculatus leave extracts were shown to possess antibacterial,
antioxidant and anticancer properties but not antifungal properties. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of
the leave were active against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) but not
gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). The antioxidant activity of the
ethanolic crude extract was high; with IC50 of 30 μg/ml comparable with the positive controls; ascorbic acid
and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Both ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were cytotoxic against breast
cancer (MCF7), colon cancer (HT-29), cervix cancer (Hela) cell lines. Conclusion: M. paniculatus leave
extract has many potential medicinal values for further studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria
Fulltext Management and Mitigation of Vibriosis in Aquaculture: Nanoparticles as Promising Alternatives

Kah Sem NAD, Abd Gani S, Chong CM, Natrah I, Shamsi S

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Aug 08;24(16).
PMID: 37628723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612542

Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture, caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio, that has been affecting many species of economically significant aquatic organisms around the world. The prevention of vibriosis in aquaculture is difficult, and the various treatments for vibriosis have their limitations. Therefore, there is an imperative need to find new alternatives. This review is based on the studies on vibriosis, specifically on the various treatments and their limitations, as well as the application of nanoparticles in aquaculture. One of the promising nanoparticles is graphene oxide (GO), which has been used in various applications, particularly in biological applications such as biosensors, drug delivery, and potential treatment for infectious diseases. GO has been shown to have anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but no research has been published that emphasizes its impact on Vibrio spp. The review aims to explore the potential use of GO for treatment against vibriosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria
Fulltext Long-term impact of oral surgery with or without amoxicillin on the oral microbiome-A prospective cohort study

Menon RK, Gomez A, Brandt BW, Leung YY, Gopinath D, Watt RM, et al.

Sci Rep, 2019 12 10;9(1):18761.
PMID: 31822712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55056-3

Routine postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for third molar extractions. However, amoxicillin still continues to be used customarily in several clinical practices worldwide to prevent infections. A prospective cohort study was conducted in cohorts who underwent third molar extractions with (group EA, n = 20) or without (group E, n = 20) amoxicillin (250 mg three times daily for 5 days). Further, a control group without amoxicillin and extractions (group C, n = 17) was included. Salivary samples were collected at baseline, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-weeks and 3 months to assess the bacterial shift and antibiotic resistance gene changes employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina-Miseq) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A further 6-month follow-up was performed for groups E and EA. Seven operational taxonomic units reported a significant change from baseline to 3 months for group EA (adjusted p bacteria and β-lactamase resistance genes (TEM-1) was observed over 6 months for any group (adjusted p > 0.05). In conclusion, the salivary microbiome is resilient to an antibiotic challenge by a low-dose regimen of amoxicillin. Further studies evaluating the effect of routinely used higher dose regimens of amoxicillin on gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes are warranted.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics; Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification
Fulltext L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase (DapL): a putative target for the development of narrow-spectrum antibacterial compounds

Triassi AJ, Wheatley MS, Savka MA, Gan HM, Dobson RC, Hudson AO

Front Microbiol, 2014;5:509.
PMID: 25309529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00509

Despite the urgent need for sustained development of novel antibacterial compounds to combat the drastic rise in antibiotic resistant and emerging bacterial infections, only a few clinically relevant antibacterial drugs have been recently developed. One of the bottlenecks impeding the development of novel antibacterial compounds is the identification of new enzymatic targets. The nutritionally essential amino acid anabolic pathways, for example lysine biosynthesis, provide an opportunity to explore the development of antibacterial compounds, since human genomes do not possess the genes necessary to synthesize these amino acids de novo. The diaminopimelate (DAP)/lysine (lys) anabolic pathways are attractive targets for antibacterial development since the penultimate lys precursor meso-DAP (m-DAP) is a cross-linking amino acid in the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of most Gram-negative bacteria and lys plays a similar role in the PG of most Gram-positive bacteria, in addition to its role as one of the 20 proteogenic amino acids. The L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase (DapL) pathway was recently identified as a novel variant of the DAP/lys anabolic pathways. The DapL pathway has been identified in the pathogenic bacteria belonging to the genus; Chlamydia, Leptospira, and Treponema. The dapL gene has been identified in the genomes of 381 or approximately 13% of the 2771 bacteria that have been sequenced, annotated and reposited in the NCBI database, as of May 23, 2014. The narrow distribution of the DapL pathway in the bacterial domain provides an opportunity for the development and or discovery of narrow spectrum antibacterial compounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria
Isolation and identification of antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the leaves of Muntingia calabura L

Sufian AS, Ramasamy K, Ahmat N, Zakaria ZA, Yusof MI

J Ethnopharmacol, 2013 Mar 7;146(1):198-204.
PMID: 23276785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.032

Muntingia calabura (Elaeocarpaceae) is one of the most common roadside trees in Malaysia. Its leaves, barks, flowers and roots have been used as a folk remedy for the treatment of fever, incipient cold, liver disease, as well as an antiseptic agent in Southeast Asia. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the leaves of Muntingia calabura L.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects
Isolation and identification of a new intracellular antimicrobial peptide produced by Paenibacillus alvei AN5

Alkotaini B, Anuar N, Kadhum AA, Sani AA

World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2014 Apr;30(4):1377-85.
PMID: 24272828 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1558-z

A wild-type, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and motile bacteria has been isolated from palm oil mill sludge in Malaysia. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the bacteria belonged to genus Paenibacillus. With 97 % similarity to P. alvei (AUG6), the isolate was designated as P. alvei AN5. An antimicrobial compound was extracted from P. alvei AN5-pelleted cells using 95 % methanol and was then lyophilized. Precipitates were re-suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), producing an antimicrobial crude extract (ACE). The ACE showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Escherichia coli ATCC 29522, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014. By using SP-Sepharose cation exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and Tricine SDS-PAGE, the ACE was purified, which produced a ~2-kDa active band. SDS-PAGE and infrared (IR) spectroscopy indicated the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound in the ACE, and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and de novo sequencing using an automatic, Q-TOF premier system detected a peptide with the amino acid sequence F-C-K-S-L-P-L-P-L-S-V-K (1,330.7789 Da). This novel peptide was designated as AN5-2. The antimicrobial peptide exhibited stability from pH 3 to 12 and maintained its activity after being heated to 90 °C. It also remained active after incubation with denaturants (urea, SDS and EDTA).

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects
Intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in preterm-infants during hospitalization in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)

Yap PS, Ahmad Kamar A, Chong CW, Yap IK, Thong KL, Choo YM, et al.

Pathog Glob Health, 2016 Sep;110(6):238-246.
PMID: 27650884

The prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of intestinal carriage of Gram-negative bacteria among preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia were determined. A total of 34 stool specimens were obtained from preterm infants upon admission and once weekly up to two weeks during hospitalization. The presumptive colonies of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were selected for identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and subtyping by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Out of 76 Gram-negative isolates, highest resistance was detected for amoxicillin/clavulanate (30.8%, n = 16), ceftriaxone (42.3%, n = 22), ceftazidime (28.8%, n = 15), cefoxitin (28.8%, n = 15), aztreonam (36.5%, n = 19), and polymyxin B (23.1%, n = 12). Three colistin resistant K. pneumoniae have also been detected based on E-test analysis. Thirty-nine isolates of K. pneumoniae and 20 isolates of E. coli were resistant to more than three antimicrobial classes and were categorized as multidrug resistant (MDR). PFGE analysis revealed a higher diversity in pulsotypes for K. pneumoniae (18 pulsotypes) in comparison to E. coli (four pulsotypes). In addition, a total of fifteen pulsotypes was observed from 39 MDR K. pneumoniae. The risk factors for antibiotic resistance were assessed using random forest analysis. Gender was found to be the most important predictor for colistin resistant while length, OFC, and delivery mode were showing greater predictive power in the polymyxin B resistance. This study revealed worrying prevalence rates of intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae and E. coli of hospitalized preterm infants in Malaysia, particularly high resistance to polymyxins.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification*
Fulltext Interplay of the Quality of Ciprofloxacin and Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries

Sharma D, Patel RP, Zaidi STR, Sarker MMR, Lean QY, Ming LC

Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:546.
PMID: 28871228 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00546

Ciprofloxacin, a second generation broad spectrum fluoroquinolone, is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ciprofloxacin has a high oral bioavailability and a large volume of distribution. It is used for the treatment of a wide range of infections including urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria. However, the availability and use of substandard and spurious quality of oral ciprofloxacin formulations in the developing countries has been thought to have contributed toward increased risk of treatment failure and bacterial resistance. Therefore, quality control and bioequivalence studies of the commercially available oral ciprofloxacin formulations should be monitored. Appropriate actions should be taken against offending manufacturers in order to prevent the sale of substandard and spurious quality of ciprofloxacin formulations.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria
Fulltext Ingestion of bacteria overproducing DnaK attenuates Vibrio infection of Artemia franciscana larvae

Sung YY, Dhaene T, Defoirdt T, Boon N, MacRae TH, Sorgeloos P, et al.

Cell Stress Chaperones, 2009 Nov;14(6):603-9.
PMID: 19373565 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0112-2

Feeding of bacterially encapsulated heat shock proteins (Hsps) to invertebrates is a novel way to limit Vibrio infection. As an example, ingestion of Escherichia coli overproducing prokaryotic Hsps significantly improves survival of gnotobiotically cultured Artemia larvae upon challenge with pathogenic Vibrio campbellii. The relationship between Hsp accumulation and enhanced resistance to infection may involve DnaK, the prokaryotic equivalent to Hsp70, a major molecular chaperone in eukaryotic cells. In support of this proposal, heat-stressed bacterial strains LVS 2 (Bacillus sp.), LVS 3 (Aeromonas hydrophila), LVS 8 (Vibrio sp.), GR 8 (Cytophaga sp.), and GR 10 (Roseobacter sp.) were shown in this work to be more effective than nonheated bacteria in protecting gnotobiotic Artemia larvae against V. campbellii challenge. Immunoprobing of Western blots and quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the amount of DnaK in bacteria and their ability to enhance larval resistance to infection by V. campbellii are correlated. Although the function of DnaK is uncertain, it may improve tolerance to V. campbellii via immune stimulation, a possibility of significance from a fundamental perspective and also because it could be applied in aquaculture, a major method of food production.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism
Infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria: What's new in our arsenal and what's in the pipeline?

Koulenti D, Song A, Ellingboe A, Abdul-Aziz MH, Harris P, Gavey E, et al.

Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2019 Mar;53(3):211-224.
PMID: 30394301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.10.011

The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria is an ever-growing concern, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria because of their intrinsic resistance and how quickly they acquire and spread new resistance mechanisms. Treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria is a challenge for medical practitioners and increases patient mortality and cost of care globally. This vulnerability, along with strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance development, prompts the development of new antibiotic agents and exploration of alternative treatment options. This article summarises the new antibiotics that have recently been approved for Gram-negative bacterial infections, looks down the pipeline at promising agents currently in phase I, II, or III clinical trials, and introduces new alternative avenues that show potential in combating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*; Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology*; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology*
Fulltext In vitro screening of five local medicinal plants for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method

Zaidan MR, Noor Rain A, Badrul AR, Adlin A, Norazah A, Zakiah I

Trop Biomed, 2005 Dec;22(2):165-70.
PMID: 16883283 MyJurnal

Medicinal plants have many traditional claims including the treatment of ailments of infectious origin. In the evaluation of traditional claims, scientific research is important. The objective of the study was to determine the presence of antibacterial activity in the crude extracts of some of the commonly used medicinal plants in Malaysia, Andrographis paniculata, Vitex negundo, Morinda citrifolia, Piper sarmentosum, and Centella asiatica. In this preliminary investigation, the leaves were used and the crude extracts were subjected to screening against five strains of bacteria species, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, using standard protocol of Disc Diffusion Method (DDM). The antibacterial activities were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones and MIC values. M. citrifolia, P. sarmentosum and C. asiatica methanol extract and A. paniculata (water extract) have potential antibacterial activities to both gram positive S. aureus and Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). None of the five plant extracts tested showed antibacterial activities to gram negative E. coli and K. pneumoniae, except for A. paniculata and P. sarmentosum which showed activity towards P. aeruginosa. A. paniculata being the most potent at MIC of 2 g/disc. This finding forms a basis for further studies on screening of local medicinal plant extracts for antibacteria properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*
Fulltext In vitro assessment of Pediococcus acidilactici Kp10 for its potential use in the food industry

Abbasiliasi S, Tan JS, Bashokouh F, Ibrahim TAT, Mustafa S, Vakhshiteh F, et al.

BMC Microbiol, 2017 May 23;17(1):121.
PMID: 28535747 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1000-z

BACKGROUND: Selection of a microbial strain for the incorporation into food products requires in vitro and in vivo evaluations. A bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacterium (LAB), Pediococcus acidilactici Kp10, isolated from a traditional dried curd was assessed in vitro for its beneficial properties as a potential probiotic and starter culture. The inhibitory spectra of the bacterial strain against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, its cell surface hydrophobicity and resistance to phenol, its haemolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic activities, ability to produce acid and coagulate milk together with its enzymatic characteristics and adhesion property were all evaluated in vitro.
RESULTS: P. acidilactici Kp10 was moderately tolerant to phenol and adhere to mammalian epithelial cells (Vero cells and ileal mucosal epithelium). The bacterium also exhibited antimicrobial activity against several gram-positive and gram-negative food-spoilage and food-borne pathogens such as Listeria monocytgenes ATCC 15313, Salmonella enterica ATCC 13311, Shigella sonnei ATCC 9290, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182, Enterobacter cloaca ATCC 35030 and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 12378. The absence of haemolytic activity and proteinase (trypsin) and the presence of a strong peptidase (leucine-arylamidase) and esterase-lipase (C4 and C8) were observed in this LAB strain. P. acidilactici Kp10 also produced acid, coagulated milk and has demonstrated proteolytic and amylolactic activities.
CONCLUSION: The properties exhibited by P. acidilactici Kp10 suggested its potential application as probiotic and starter culture in the food industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects
In vitro antimicrobial activity of narasin and monensin in combination with adjuvants against pathogens associated with canine otitis externa

Chan WY, Hickey EE, Khazandi M, Page SW, Trott DJ, Hill PB

Vet Dermatol, 2020 Apr;31(2):138-145.
PMID: 31710159 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12803

BACKGROUND: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a serious human and animal health risk. Good antimicrobial stewardship is essential to prolong the lifespan of existing antibiotics, and new strategies are required to combat infections in man and animals.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine the in vitro interaction of ionophores (narasin or monensin) with antimicrobial adjuvants (N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Tris-EDTA or disodium EDTA) against bacterial strains representing pathogens associated with canine otitis externa (OE).
ANIMAL/ISOLATES: American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains Staphylococcus aureus 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 and P. aeruginosa biofilm producer PAO1, and a clinical isolate of Proteus mirabilis from a case of canine OE were tested.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 2D microdilution checkerboard method was used, allowing calculation of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), dose reduction index (DRI) and plotting of isobolograms.
RESULTS: The combination of narasin with either Tris-EDTA or disodium EDTA produced additive effects (FICI = 0.75) against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and P. aeruginosa biofilm producer ATCC PAO1. An additive effect (FICI = 0.53-0.75) was found against S. aureus ATCC 29213 when narasin or monensin were combined with NAC. The highest DRI (32-fold) was found with monensin/NAC where the MIC of monensin was reduced from 4 to 0.125 μg/mL.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The combination of narasin with Tris-EDTA or disodium EDTA is a promising strategy to inhibit the intrinsic resistance elements of Gram-negative bacteria. These novel combinations potentially could be useful as a multimodal approach to treat mixed infections in canine OE.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria
Fulltext In vitro antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant Sonneratia alba

Saad S, Taher M, Susanti D, Qaralleh H, Awang AF

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Jun;2(6):427-9.
PMID: 23569943 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60069-0

To investigate the antimicrobial property of mangrove plant Sonneratia alba (S. alba).

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

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