MyMedR

Fulltext Food Allergy and Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review

Ma ZF, Majid NA, Yamaoka Y, Lee YY

Front Microbiol, 2016;7:368.

PMID: 27047479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00368

Based on the hygiene hypothesis, a low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may explain the recent high prevalence of allergic diseases including food allergy. However, there are very few studies that investigate the relationship between H. pylori and food allergy.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Distribution of Angiostrongylus vasorum and its gastropod intermediate hosts along the rural-urban gradient in two cities in the United Kingdom, using real time PCR

Aziz NA, Daly E, Allen S, Rowson B, Greig C, Forman D, et al.

Parasit Vectors, 2016;9:56.

PMID: 26830203 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1338-3

Angiostrongylus vasorum is a highly pathogenic metastrongylid nematode affecting dogs, which uses gastropod molluscs as intermediate hosts. The geographical distribution of the parasite appears to be heterogeneous or patchy and understanding of the factors underlying this heterogeneity is limited. In this study, we compared the species of gastropod present and the prevalence of A. vasorum along a rural-urban gradient in two cities in the south-west United Kingdom.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext The use of psychotropic substances among students: The prevalence, factor association, and abuse

Mamat CF, Jamshed SQ, El Syed T, Khan TM, Othman N, Al-Shami AK, et al.

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2015 Jul-Sep;7(3):181-7.

PMID: 26229351 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.160011

This detailed review analyzed the previously published studies related to the prevalence of psychotropic substances use, associated factors, and the misuse of the psychotropics among students. A comprehensive literature search covering six databases was performed. References from published articles and reports were extracted. This helped in identifying the available information on the use of psychotropic drugs. A total of 16 articles were included in this review. There is an upsurge of using psychotropics with the preceding years. More students are exposed to the risk of using psychotropic substances due to the multiple factors like stress, increased academic workload, etc. The misuse is found to be common with prescribed psychotropic substances. Students need to be aware of the bad outcomes of using psychotropic substances. Participation of every stakeholder to curb this menace needs to be emphasized. More extensive studies are required to know about the increasing prevalence, factors, and misuse of psychotropics.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Diabetes Mellitus in a Malaysian Teaching Hospital: Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Frequency of Testing for Hypercholesterolaemia, Proteinuria and HbAlc

Ooi CG, Haizee HN, Kando OV, Lua GW, Philip H, Chan SP, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Jun;57(2):195-200.

PMID: 24326650

We examined the prevalence of diabetes among inpatients in our hospital, the relationship of the diagnoses on admission to diabetes, and the frequency of testing for HbA1c as a marker of long-term glycaemic control, proteinuria, and hypercholesterolaemia. In addition, patients with raised laboratory plasma glucose without a know history of diabetes mellitus, were studied to see if these had been further evaluation. The overall prevalence of diabetes in our hospital was 25.% with the highest prevalence found (37.8%) on medical wards. 10.5% of admissions were due directly to diabetes and a further 58.9% of patients were admitted with illness which were significant related to diabetes. Overall testing rates for HbA31c, proteinuria, and hypercholesterolaemia were less than ideal (51.6, 73.4 and 45.% respectively). Less than 50% of patients without previously diagnosed diabetes but with high plasma glucose values had further evaluation for diabetes. In conclusion, this study has detected a high overall prevalence of diabetes among inpatients in an urban Malaysian hospital. Rates of testing for HbA51c, proteinuria, and hypercholesterolaemia, are disappointingly low, as is further evaluation of patients without known diabetes, but with elevated glucose values. More effective measures to improve the delivery of inpatient diabetes care are needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Prevalence and awareness of halitosis in a sample of Jordanian population

Hammad MM, Darwazeh AM, Al-Waeli H, Tarakji B, Alhadithy TT

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2014 Dec;4(Suppl 3):S178-86.

PMID: 25625076 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.149033

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and awareness of halitosis among the subjects of a population, and also to compare the results of Halimeter(®) readings to self-estimation of halitosis and to assess the relationship between halitosis and oral health.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext A review on the prevalence of depression in Malaysia

Mukhtar F, Oei TPS

Current Psychiatry Reviews, 2011;7:234-238.

DOI: 10.2174/157340011797183201

Transforming western technology to Eastern populations, including Malaysia, presents important implications in understanding the development, maintenance, and treatment of depression. The present paper aims to review the literature on the prevalence of depression studies in Malaysia. PsycINFO, Medline databases, local journals, and 13 published articles, were included in the current review. Findings were presented in three categories i.e., 'prevalence of depression in primary care', 'general community', and 'among clinical population'. Major limitations of previous studies were noted, and thus, problems associated with the implementation and future direction of clinical and research on depression in Malaysia, was provided. In short, the contribution of empirical research on the prevalence of depression has remained inconsistent and fragmented and it is therefore, a time to venture modification. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

The relationship between post-natal depression, somatization and behaviour in Malaysian women

Grace J, Lee KK, Ballard C, Herbert M

Transcult Psychiatry, 2001;38:27-34.

DOI: 10.1177/136346150103800103

This study evaluated the rate of post-natal depression (PND) in a Malaysian population, investigated the relationship between belief systems and PND, and examined the relationship between PND and somatization. The sample included 154 consecutive attendees for a 6-week post-natal check at a general hospital well-baby clinic in Kuala Lumpur. Patients were assessed using the Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Score (EPNDS), the Bradford Somatisation Inventory (BSI), and a questionnaire to assess beliefs about pregnancy and childbirth. The rate of PND was 3.9%. EPNDS and BSI were moderately correlated. Women who practised specific post-natal practices had a higher EPNDS and BSI than those who did not. The rate of PND is lower than in Western studies but similar to that seen in other Asian countries. The correlation between BSI and EPNDS suggest that the BSI will not detect cases missed by the EPNDS. © 2001, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

High prevalence of poor sleep quality among secondary school students in Malaysia

Vignesh R, Ganesh SS, Vengata Subramani M, Ravindran M, Abdul Karim RH

Med J Malaysia, 2018 12;73(6):444.

PMID: 30647230

No abstract provided.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

True Median Cleft Lip-15 Years of Review and Prevalence

Hamzan MI, Sulaiman WAW

Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2020 08;57(8):1051-1054.

PMID: 32476501 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620926346

OBJECTIVES: The author presents 4 cases and attempts to analyze the prevalence of true median cleft lip (MCL) in one center. Embryology, associated anomalies, and surgical treatment are discussed.

DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study.

SETTING: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.

PARTICIPANTS: All patients with congenital facial cleft deformities from 2005 to 2019 were retrieved from the Plastic Surgery OR Registry. All characteristics in interest were individually tabulated and evaluated. Four cases were reviewed and discussed.

OUTCOME: Prevalence of true MCL.

RESULTS: Out of the 494 patients included in the study, only 4 (0.81%) were affected with a median cleft, and the prevalence of true median cleft was hence determined to be 3 (0.61%) among the cleft population.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of the true MCL is rare which makes it hard to categorize these clefts, and the surgical protocol needs to be established for the definitive treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

The clinical significance of the retromolar canal and foramen in dentistry

Ngeow WC, Chai WL

Clin Anat, 2021 May;34(4):512-521.

PMID: 32020669 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23577

The mandibular canal is nowadays acknowledged as a major trunk with multiple smaller branches running roughly parallel to it. Most of these accessory canals contain branches of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle that supplies the dentition, jawbone, and soft tissue around the gingiva and lower lip. This article reviews the prevalence, classification and morphometric measurements of the retromolar canal and its aperture. A retromolar canal is a bifid variation of the mandibular canal that divides from above this main canal, and travels anterosuperiorly within the bone to exit via a single foramen or multiple foramina into the retromolar fossa. This foramen, termed the retromolar foramen, allows accessory branches of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundles to supply tissues at the retromolar trigone. Clinically, it is of the utmost importance to determine the exact location of the mandibular canal and to identify its retromolar accessory branches when surgery in the posterior mandible is to be performed.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Thalassaemia Care in Terengganu – A Local Report

Nazzlin Dizana Din

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020;26(2):1-5.

MyJurnal

Inherited thalassaemia disease is commonly found in many countries of the world. Care of the disease requires comprehensive management strategies comprising of clinical management of both transfusion dependant thalassaemia (TDT) and non-transfusion dependant thalassaemia (NTDT). It also includes preventive measures such as screening programmes and genetic counseling in order to contain the genetic transmission. At the moment, the only cure is through haematopoeitic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This report illustrates thalassaemia disease prevalence in the Terengganu state and the evolution of care since National Thalassaemia Programme was launched in 2009.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Malnutrition among children in a traditional village, vegetable farm and urban flats dwellers. [Malpemakanan di kalangan kanak-kanak perkampongan tradisional kebun sayur dan rumah pangsa di bandar.]

Osman A, Johari M, Abalos M, Banjong O, Dheerasawad C, Sanchez I, et al.

Family Physician, 1993;5(2):26-30.

Analysis of the nutritional status and its related factors of three different geographic areas was conducted. The areas were Kampong Sungai Gulang-Gulang, a traditional village in Kuala Selangor, vegetable farming area in Kuala Terla, Cameron Highland and housing flats in Kuala Lumpur. Assessment of nutritional status was done using anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, dietary and stool examination. The results show that 13% of the children in traditional village were stunted, 8% were wasted and 17% were underweight. In vegetable farming area the prevalence were 16.5%, 10.2% and 20.2% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia among toddler was 81.0% in traditional village, 77.2% in vegetable farming area and 55.3% in urban flats. Anaemia in the three areas was strongly associated with inadequate intake of iron.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

A recent global review of hazardous chlorpyrifos pesticide in fruit and vegetables: Prevalence, remediation and actions needed

Foong SY, Ma NL, Lam SS, Peng W, Low F, Lee BHK, et al.

J Hazard Mater, 2020 Dec 05;400:123006.

PMID: 32947729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123006

Pollution with pesticides is a widespread global problem and biomonitoring of the environment and human populations is necessary to assess potential harmful biological effects. One of the pesticides that are showing up in vegetables and fruit is chlorpyrifos (CPS). CPS is a nerve-poisoning organophosphorus insecticide, which is in up to 1/3 of all conventionally produced citrus fruits. Our review shows that CPS is a hazardous material that poses risks to human health and also pollutes the environment. There is numerous risk assessment of CPS reported, however, the assessment is easily affected by factors such as climate change, exposure period and CPS concentration. Therefore, rigorous update of the hazardous level of CPS is needed to determine the threshold level safe for humans and animals. There is a need for remediation using for example photoreactive nanoparticle methods and microbial degeneration possessing high degradation efficiency (73-97%). In addition, stringent biomonitoring of food, environment and human exposure should occur to avoid exposure to chemicals via citrus fruits and vegetables. This is necessary to assess health risks and socioeconomic impacts which also require collaboration between private and public sectors to facilitate the growth, sale and manufacturing of biopesticides.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Prevalence of Alpha(α)-Thalassemia in Southeast Asia (2010-2020): A Meta-Analysis Involving 83,674 Subjects

Goh LPW, Chong ETJ, Lee PC

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 10 09;17(20).

PMID: 33050119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207354

Alpha(α)-thalassemia is a blood disorder caused by many types of inheritable α-globin gene mutations which causes no-to-severe clinical symptoms, such as Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis that leads to early foetal death. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an update from year 2010 to 2020 on the prevalence of α-thalassemia in Southeast Asia. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and SCOPUS databases for related studies published from 2010 to 2020, based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Heterogeneity of included studies was examined with the I2 index and Q-test. Funnel plots and Egger's tests were performed in order to determine publication bias in this meta-analysis. Twenty-nine studies with 83,674 subjects were included and pooled prevalence rates in this meta-analysis were calculated using random effect models based on high observed heterogeneity (I2 > 99.5, p-value < 0.1). Overall, the prevalence of α-thalassemia is 22.6%. The highest α-thalassemia prevalence was observed in Vietnam (51.5%) followed by Cambodia (39.5%), Laos (26.8%), Thailand (20.1%), and Malaysia (17.3%). No publication bias was detected. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that a high prevalence of α-thalassemia occurred in selected Southeast Asia countries. This meta-analysis data are useful for designing thalassemia screening programs and improve the disease management.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

A South Indian Cadaveric Study on the Prevalence of Gallstones

Satheesha NB, Soumya KV

Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ), 2021 6 25;18(72):340-343.

PMID: 34165088

Background Gallstone disease (GSD) is one among the most prevalent diseases that affects approximately 10-15% of the population. It is associated with many other diseases like gallbladder cancer, renal stones, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and stroke. Objective Objective of this study is to document the prevalence of gallstones among south Indian cadavers. Method One hundred and twenty three South Indian cadaveric livers/gallbladders were observed for the presence of gallstones. The age range was 40 to 70 years. The gallbladders were palpated to know the presence of stones. They were then dissected and the stones were classified based on appearance. Gall bladder walls were also observed to know the associated fibrosis. Result Among the cadavers studied, 0.81% possessed cholesterol stones and 4.06% had pigment stones. Among the stones, 83.33% were pigment stones and 16.66% were cholesterol stones. Conclusion Compared to the western countries and north Indian studies, the prevalence of gallstone diseaseis low in the south Indian population (4.87%). The low prevalence was probably due to the low socioeconomic status and the diet and lifestyle.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Practical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies

Naing, L., Winn, T., Rusli, B.N.

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):9-14.

MyJurnal

The sample size calculation for a prevalence only needs a simple formula. However, there are a number of practical issues in selecting values for the parameters required in the formula. Several practical issues are addressed and appropriate recommendations are given. The paper also suggests the application of a software calculator that checks the normal approximation assumption and incorporates finite population correction in the sample size calculation.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Serotype prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malaysia - the need for carriage studies

McNeil HC, Clarke SC

Med J Malaysia, 2016 Jun;71(3):134-8.

PMID: 27495888

Pneumococcal disease, caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major burden to global health. Although the World Health Organisation (WHO) strongly recommends the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in national immunisation programmes (NIP's) worldwide, this has not occurred in many countries in the WHO South East Asia and Western Pacific regions - particularly longstanding middle-income countries. It is widely accepted that carriage of S. pneumoniae is a precursor to developing any pneumococcal disease. The reduction in pneumococcal disease from vaccine serotypes (VT) following widespread implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is believed to be through the direct immunogenic protective effect of immunised individuals as well as indirectly through herd immunity diminishing the incidence of disease in nonimmunised individuals. In Malaysia, pneumococcal disease is not included in national surveillance programmes and although PCVs have been licensed, they have not been included in the NIP. Hence, the vaccine is only available privately and the majority of the population is not able to afford it. There is an urgent need to develop surveillance programmes in Malaysia to include pneumococcal serotype data from carriage and invasive disease so that it may help guide national vaccine policy prior to a decision being taken on the inclusion of PCVs in the NIP.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Does the definition of multisite musculoskeletal pain influence its occurrence and the assessement of physical work exposures?

Hanizah M.Y., Nor Hassim I

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(2):40-48.

MyJurnal

Most people with musculoskeletal problem suffer pain at multiple body sites. The most frequent form of multisite pain studied is chronic widespread pain (CWP). Focusing solely on CWP may exclude the commoner form of multisite pain which is less wide spread. Therefore, studies on multisite pain which do not consider the spatial distribution of pain can be beneficial to tackle the overall problem of musculoskeletal pain. Nevertheless, multisite pain has been defined differently in the studies among workers. The absence of uniformed definition will jeopardize the understanding of this musculoskeletal problem. A review was thus carried out to identify how multisite pain were defined, how they influenced the reported occurrence of multisite pain and whether the definition determined the physical work exposures assessed in previous studies among worker. A systematic review was initiated by the search of electronic databases for multisite pain. Articles were included and excluded based on the selection criteria. A final of nine full text articles were reviewed. It was found that the difference in the definitions lies mainly in the body sites considered and the pain characteristics. The characteristics of pain influenced the multisite pain prevalence more than the sites.It wasdifficult to conclude whether the definition used determined the physical work exposures since only five studies were involved and three of them had similar research team which may explained the usage of similar exposures. The findings from this review, however, could not be inferred due to the small number of studies involved.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Fulltext Self-medication practices among female students of higher educational institutions in Selangor, Malaysia: A quantitative insight

Jamshed SQ, Wong PS, Yi HC, Yun GS, Khan MU, Ahmad A

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Jul-Sep;8(3):217-22.

PMID: 27413350 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.172662

World Health Organization has defined self-medication as the selection and use of medications (including herbal and traditional product) by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. The prevalence of self-medication is reported to be higher among female students.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

Circular RNAs as Promising Biomarkers: A Mini-Review

Abu N, Jamal R

Front Physiol, 2016;7:355.

PMID: 27588005 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00355

The interest in circular RNAs has resurfaced in the past few years. What was considered as "junk" for nearly two decades is now one of the most interesting molecules. Circular RNAs are non-coding RNAs that are formed by back-splicing events and have covalently closed loops with no poly-adenylated tails. The regulation of circular RNAs is distinctive and they are selectively abundant in different types of tissues. Based on the current knowledge of circular RNAs, these molecules have the potential to be the "next big thing" especially as biomarkers for different diseases. This mini-review attempts to concisely look at the biology of circular RNAs, the putative functional activities, the prevalence of circular RNAs, and the possible role of circular RNA as biomarkers for diagnosis or measuring drug response.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

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