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Fabrication and preliminary in vitro evaluation of ultraviolet-crosslinked electrospun fish scale gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds

Beishenaliev A, Lim SS, Tshai KY, Khiew PS, Moh'd Sghayyar HN, Loh HS

J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2019 May 24;30(6):62.
PMID: 31127374 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6264-4

This study aimed to explore a potential use of fish scale-derived gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds (GNS) in tissue engineering due to their biological and economical merits. Extraction of gelatin was achieved via decalcification, sonication and lyophilization of mixed fish scales. To fabricate nano-scale architecture of scaffolds analogous to natural extracellular matrix, gelatin was rendered into nanofibrous matrices through 6-h electrospinning, resulting in the average diameter of 48 ± 12 nm. In order to improve the water-resistant ability while retaining their biocompatibility, GNS were physically crosslinked with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 5 min (UGN5), 10 min (UGN10) and 20 min (UGN20). On average, the diameter of nanofibers increased by 3 folds after crosslinking, however, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that no major alterations occurred in the functional groups of gelatin. A degradation assay showed that UGN5 and UGN10 scaffolds remained in minimum essential medium for 14 days, while UGN20 scaffolds degraded completely after 10 days. All UGN scaffolds promoted adhesion and proliferation of human keratinocytes, HaCaT, without causing an apparent cytotoxicity. UGN5 scaffolds were shown to stimulate a better growth of HaCaT cells compared to other scaffolds upon 1 day of incubation, whereas UGN20 had a long-term effect on cells exhibiting 25% higher cell proliferation than positive control after 7 days. In the wound scratch assay, UGN5 scaffolds induced a rapid cell migration closing up to 79% of an artificial wound within 24 h. The current findings provide a new insight of UGN scaffolds to serve as wound dressings in the future. In the wound scratch assay, UGN5 induced a rapid cell migration closing up to 79% of an artificial wound within 24 h.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering/methods*
Mineral and physiochemical evaluation of cockle shell (Anadara granosa) and other selected molluscan shell as potential biomaterials

Bharatham H, Md Zuki Abu Bakar Zakaria, Perimal EK, Loqman Mohamad Yusof, Muhajir Hamid

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1023-1029.

Molluscan shells are attracting research interest due to the diverse application properties possessed. As shells are very similar to bones, this study was conducted to analyze the mineral and physiochemical composition of Cockle (Anadara granosa) shell and three other types of molluscan shell, namely Strombus canarium, Oliva sayana and Terebra dislocata as potential biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications. Approximately 200 g of shells from each species were processed and powdered for the purpose of this study. Carbon was analyzed using the carbon analyzer while minerals and heavy metals through ICP-MS. The phase purity and crystallographic structures of the powders were identified using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) while the chemical functionality was determined using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The analysis showed that Cockle shells contained higher content of calcium and carbon including varying amount of other minor elements comparatively. However, all four types of shell powders were found to contain below detectable levels of toxic elements. Physiochemical analysis on phase purity and crystallographic structures showed similar characteristics of carbonate group present in all four shell types. A predominantly aragonite form of calcium carbonate was detected in both XRD diffractogram and FTIR spectra for all samples. Our findings demonstrated that different types of molluscan shells have almost similar mineral and physiochemical characteristics and a predominantly aragonite form of calcium carbonate that provides a strong basis for their use as a potential bone tissues engineering material.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering
Fulltext A Preliminary Study of Human Amniotic Membrane as a Potential Chondrocyte Carrier

Boo, L., Sofiah, S., Selvaratnam, L., Tai, C.C., Pingguan-Murphy, B., Kamarul, T.

Malays Orthop J, 2009;3(2):16-23.
MyJurnal

Purpose:To investigate the feasibilty of using processed human amniotic membrane (HAM) to support the attachment and proliferation of chondrocytes in vitro which it turn can be utilised as a cell delivery vehicle in tissue engineering applications. Methods: Fresh HAM obtained from patients undergoing routine elective ceasarean sections was harvested., processed and dried using either freez drying (FD) or air drying (AD) methods prior to sterilisation by gamma irradiation. Isolated, processed and characterised rabbit autologous chondrolytes were seeded on processsed HAM and cultured for up to three weeks. Cell attachment and proliferation were examined qualitatively using inverted brightfield microcospy. Results: Processed HAM appeared to allow cell attachment when implanted with chrondocytes. Although cells seeded on AD and FD HAM did not appear to attach as strongly as those seeded on glycerol preserved intact human amniotic membrane, these cells to be proliferated in cell culture conditions. Conclusion: Prelimanary results show that processed HAM chondrocyte attachment and proliferation.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering
Physicomechanical properties of sintered scaffolds formed from porous and protein-loaded poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for potential use in bone tissue engineering

Boukari Y, Scurr DJ, Qutachi O, Morris AP, Doughty SW, Rahman CV, et al.

J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2015;26(12):796-811.
PMID: 26065672 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1058696

An injectable poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) system comprising both porous and protein-loaded microspheres capable of forming porous scaffolds at body temperature was developed for tissue regeneration purposes. Porous and non-porous (lysozyme loaded) PLGA microspheres were formulated to represent 'low molecular weight' 22-34 kDa, 'intermediate molecular weight' (IMW) 53 kDa and 'high molecular weight' 84-109 kDa PLGA microspheres. The respective average size of the microspheres was directly related to the polymer molecular weight. An initial burst release of lysozyme was observed from both microspheres and scaffolds on day 1. In the case of the lysozyme-loaded microspheres, this burst release was inversely related to the polymer molecular weight. Similarly, scaffolds loaded with 1 mg lysozyme/g of scaffold exhibited an inverse release relationship with polymer molecular weight. The burst release was highest amongst IMW scaffolds loaded with 2 and 3 mg/g. Sustained lysozyme release was observed after day 1 over 50 days (microspheres) and 30 days (scaffolds). The compressive strengths of the scaffolds were found to be inversely proportional to PLGA molecular weight at each lysozyme loading. Surface analysis indicated that some of the loaded lysozyme was distributed on the surfaces of the microspheres and thus responsible for the burst release observed. Overall the data demonstrates the potential of the scaffolds for use in tissue regeneration.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering/methods*
A dual-application poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-chitosan composite scaffold for potential use in bone tissue engineering

Boukari Y, Qutachi O, Scurr DJ, Morris AP, Doughty SW, Billa N

J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2017 Nov;28(16):1966-1983.
PMID: 28777694 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1364100

The development of patient-friendly alternatives to bone-graft procedures is the driving force for new frontiers in bone tissue engineering. Poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan are well-studied and easy-to-process polymers from which scaffolds can be fabricated. In this study, a novel dual-application scaffold system was formulated from porous PLGA and protein-loaded PLGA/chitosan microspheres. Physicochemical and in vitro protein release attributes were established. The therapeutic relevance, cytocompatibility with primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteogenic properties were tested. There was a significant reduction in burst release from the composite PLGA/chitosan microspheres compared with PLGA alone. Scaffolds sintered from porous microspheres at 37 °C were significantly stronger than the PLGA control, with compressive strengths of 0.846 ± 0.272 MPa and 0.406 ± 0.265 MPa, respectively (p

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering*
Fulltext Attachment, Proliferation, and Morphological Properties of Human Dermal Fibroblasts on Ovine Tendon Collagen Scaffolds: A Comparative Study

Busra FM, Lokanathan Y, Nadzir MM, Saim A, Idrus RBH, Chowdhury SR

Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Mar;24(2):33-43.
PMID: 28894402 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.2.5

INTRODUCTION: Collagen type I is widely used as a biomaterial for tissue-engineered substitutes. This study aimed to fabricate different three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds using ovine tendon collagen type I (OTC-I), and compare the attachment, proliferation and morphological features of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) on the scaffolds.
METHODS: This study was conducted between the years 2014 to 2016 at the Tissue Engineering Centre, UKM Medical Centre. OTC-I was extracted from ovine tendon, and fabricated into 3D scaffolds in the form of sponge, hydrogel and film. A polystyrene surface coated with OTC-I was used as the 2D culture condition. Genipin was used to crosslink the OTC-I. A non-coated polystyrene surface was used as a control. The mechanical strength of OTC-I scaffolds was evaluated. Attachment, proliferation and morphological features of HDF were assessed and compared between conditions.
RESULTS: The mechanical strength of OTC-I sponge was significantly higher than that of the other scaffolds. OTC-I scaffolds and the coated surface significantly enhanced HDF attachment and proliferation compared to the control, but no differences were observed between the scaffolds and coated surface. In contrast, the morphological features of HDF including spreading, filopodia, lamellipodia and actin cytoskeletal formation differed between conditions.
CONCLUSION: OTC-I can be moulded into various scaffolds that are biocompatible and thus could be suitable as scaffolds for developing tissue substitutes for clinical applications and in vitro tissue models. However, further study is required to determine the effect of morphological properties on the functional and molecular properties of HDF.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering
Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitute Enhances Wound Healing after Radiation Therapy

Busra MF, Chowdhury SR, bin Ismail F, bin Saim A, Idrus RB

Adv Skin Wound Care, 2016 Mar;29(3):120-9.
PMID: 26866868 DOI: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000480556.78111.e4

OBJECTIVE: When given in conjunction with surgery for treating cancer, radiation therapy may result in impaired wound healing, which, in turn, could cause skin ulcers. In this study, bilayer and monolayer autologous skin substitutes were used to treat an irradiated wound.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single dose of 30 Gy of linear electron beam radiation was applied to the hind limb of nude mice before creating the skin lesion (area of 78.6 mm). Monolayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (MTESSs) were prepared by entrapping cultured keratinocytes in fibrin matrix, and bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitutes (BTESSs) were prepared by entrapping keratinocytes and fibroblasts in separate layers. Bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitute and MTESS were implanted to the wound area. Gross appearance and wound area were analyzed to evaluate wound healing efficiency. Skin regeneration and morphological appearance were observed via histological and electron microscopy. Protein expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in skin regeneration were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS: Macroscopic observation revealed that at day 13, treatments with BTESS completely healed the irradiated wound, whereas wound sizes of 1.1 ± 0.05 and 6.8 ± 0.14 mm were measured in the MTESS-treated and untreated control groups, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) analysis showed formation of compact and organized epidermal and dermal layers in the BTESS-treated group, as compared with MTESS-treated and untreated control groups. Ultrastructural analysis indicates maturation of skin in BTESS-treated wound evidenced by formation of intermediate filament bundles in the dermal layer and low intercellular space in the epidermal layer. Expressions of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and VEGF were also higher in BTESS-treated wounds, compared with MTESS-treated wounds.
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that BTESS is the preferred treatment for irradiated wound ulcers.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering/methods*
Recent Development in the Fabrication of Collagen Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review

Busra MFM, Lokanathan Y

Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2019;20(12):992-1003.
PMID: 31364511 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190731121016

Tissue engineering focuses on developing biological substitutes to restore, maintain or improve tissue functions. The three main components of its application are scaffold, cell and growthstimulating signals. Scaffolds composed of biomaterials mainly function as the structural support for ex vivo cells to attach and proliferate. They also provide physical, mechanical and biochemical cues for the differentiation of cells before transferring to the in vivo site. Collagen has been long used in various clinical applications, including drug delivery. The wide usage of collagen in the clinical field can be attributed to its abundance in nature, biocompatibility, low antigenicity and biodegradability. In addition, the high tensile strength and fibril-forming ability of collagen enable its fabrication into various forms, such as sheet/membrane, sponge, hydrogel, beads, nanofibre and nanoparticle, and as a coating material. The wide option of fabrication technology together with the excellent biological and physicochemical characteristics of collagen has stimulated the use of collagen scaffolds in various tissue engineering applications. This review describes the fabrication methods used to produce various forms of scaffolds used in tissue engineering applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering/methods*
Fulltext Systematic mechanical evaluation of electrospun gelatin meshes

Butcher AL, Koh CT, Oyen ML

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2017 May;69:412-419.
PMID: 28208112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.02.007

Electrospinning is a simple and efficient process for producing sub-micron fibres. However, the process has many variables, and their effects on the non-woven mesh of fibres is complex. In particular, the effects on the mechanical properties of the fibre meshes are poorly understood. This paper conducts a parametric study, where the concentration and bloom strength of the gelatin solutions are varied, while all electrospinning process parameters are held constant. The effects on the fibrous meshes are monitored using scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing under uniaxial tension. Mesh mechanical properties are relatively consistent, despite changes to the solutions, demonstrating the robustness of electrospinning. The gel strength of the solution is shown to have a statistically significant effect on the morphology, stiffness and strength of the meshes, while the fibre diameter has surprisingly little influence on the stiffness of the meshes. This experimental finding is supported by finite element analysis, demonstrating that the stiffness of the meshes is controlled by the volume fraction, rather than fibre diameter. Our results demonstrate the importance of understanding how electrospinning parameters influence the pore size of the meshes, as controlling fibre diameter alone is insufficient for consistent mechanical properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering
Recent progress in the utilization of biosynthesized polyhydroxyalkanoates for biomedical applications - Review

Butt FI, Muhammad N, Hamid A, Moniruzzaman M, Sharif F

Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Dec;120(Pt A):1294-1305.
PMID: 30189278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.002

PHAs (polyhydroxyalkanoates) have emerged as biodegradable plastics more strongly in the 20th century. A wide range of bacterial species along with fungi, plants, oilseed crops and carbon sources have been used extensively to synthesize PHA on large scales. Alteration of PHA monomers in their structures and composition has led to the development of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers with highly specific mechanical properties. This leads to the incorporation of PHA in numerous biomedical applications within the previous decade. PHAs have been fabricated in various forms to perform tissue engineering to repair liver, bone, cartilage, heart tissues, cardiovascular tissues, bone marrow, and to act as drug delivery system and nerve conduits. A large number of animal trials have been carried out to assess the biomedical properties of PHA monomers, which also confirms the high compatibility of PHA family for this field. This review summarizes the synthesis of PHA from different sources, and biosynthetic pathways and biomedical applications of biosynthesized polyhydroxyalkanoates.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering*
Engineering of various types of tissues in immunocompetent animals and its potential for clinical application

Cao Y

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:2.
PMID: 15468789
Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering/methods*
Biomimetic growth of bone-like apatite via simulated body fluid on hydroxyethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol electrospun nanofibers

Chahal S, Chalal S, Fathima SJ, Yusoff MB

Biomed Mater Eng, 2014;24(1):799-806.
PMID: 24211966 DOI: 10.3233/BME-130871

In this study, randomly oriented hydroxyethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (HEC/PVA) nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning. The blend solutions of HEC/PVA with different weight ratio of HEC to PVA were prepared using water as solvent to fabricate nanofibers. These nanofibrous scaffolds were coated with bone-like apatite by immersing into 10x simulated body fluid (SBF) for different time periods. The morphology and structure of the nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FTIR and DSC. FESEM-EDS and FTIR analysis were used to confirm the deposition of apatite on the surface of nanofibers. The results of this study suggest that this apatite coated nanofibrous scaffolds could be a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering
Development of biomimetic electrospun polymeric biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. A review

Chahal S, Kumar A, Hussian FSJ

J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2019 10;30(14):1308-1355.
PMID: 31181982 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1630699

Electrospinning is a promising and versatile technique that is used to fabricate polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Ideal scaffolds should be biocompatible and bioactive with appropriate surface chemistry, good mechanical properties and should mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. Selection of the most appropriate material to produce a scaffold is an important step towards the construction of a tissue engineered product. Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field, where the principles of engineering are applied on bone-related biochemical reactions. Scaffolds, cells, growth factors, and their interrelation in microenvironment are the major concerns in bone tissue engineering. This review covers the latest development of biomimetic electrospun polymeric biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. It includes the brief details to bone tissue engineering along with bone structure and ideal bone scaffolds requirements. Details about various engineered materials and methodologies used for bone scaffolds development were discussed. Description of electrospinning technique and its parameters relating their fabrication, advantages, and applications in bone tissue engineering were also presented. The use of synthetic and natural polymers based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and their biomineralization processes were discussed and reviewed comprehensively. Finally, we give conclusion along with perspectives and challenges of biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering based on electrospun nanofibers.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering/methods*
Fulltext The biological seal of the implant-soft tissue interface evaluated in a tissue-engineered oral mucosal model

Chai WL, Brook IM, Palmquist A, van Noort R, Moharamzadeh K

J R Soc Interface, 2012 Dec 7;9(77):3528-38.
PMID: 22915635 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0507

For dental implants, it is vital that an initial soft tissue seal is achieved as this helps to stabilize and preserve the peri-implant tissues during the restorative stages following placement. The study of the implant-soft tissue interface is usually undertaken in animal models. We have developed an in vitro three-dimensional tissue-engineered oral mucosal model (3D OMM), which lends itself to the study of the implant-soft tissue interface as it has been shown that cells from the three-dimensional OMM attach onto titanium (Ti) surfaces forming a biological seal (BS). This study compares the quality of the BS achieved using the three-dimensional OMM for four types of Ti surfaces: polished, machined, sandblasted and anodized (TiUnite). The BS was evaluated quantitatively by permeability and cell attachment tests. Tritiated water (HTO) was used as the tracing agent for the permeability test. At the end of the permeability test, the Ti discs were removed from the three-dimensional OMM and an Alamar Blue assay was used for the measurement of residual cells attached to the Ti discs. The penetration of the HTO through the BS for the four types of Ti surfaces was not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in the viability of residual cells that attached to the Ti surfaces. The BS of the tissue-engineered oral mucosa around the four types of Ti surface topographies was not significantly different.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering
Ultrastructural analysis of implant-soft tissue interface on a three dimensional tissue-engineered oral mucosal model

Chai WL, Brook IM, Emanuelsson L, Palmquist A, van Noort R, Moharamzadeh K

J Biomed Mater Res A, 2012 Feb;100(2):269-77.
PMID: 22045611 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33245

A three dimensional tissue-engineered human oral mucosal model (3D OMM) used in the investigation of implant-soft tissue interface was recently reported. The aim of this study was to examine the ultrastructural features of soft tissue attachment to various titanium (Ti) implant surfaces based on the 3D OMM. Two techniques, that is, focus ion beam (FIB) and electropolishing techniques were used to prepare specimens for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis of the interface. The 3D OM consisting of both epithelial and connective tissue layers was constructed by co-culturing human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts onto an acellular dermis scaffold. Four types of Ti surface topographies were tested: polished, machined (turned), sandblasted, and TiUnite. The specimens were then processed for TEM examination using FIB (Ti remained) and electropolishing (Ti removed) techniques. The FIB sections showed some artifact and lack of details of ultrastructural features. In contrast, the ultrathin sections prepared from the electropolishing technique showed a residual Ti oxide layer, which preserved the details for intact ultrastructural interface analysis. There was evidence of hemidesmosome-like structures at the interface on the four types of Ti surfaces, which suggests that the tissue-engineered oral mucosa formed epithelial attachments on the Ti surfaces.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering*
Development of a novel model for the investigation of implant-soft tissue interface

Chai WL, Moharamzadeh K, Brook IM, Emanuelsson L, Palmquist A, van Noort R

J. Periodontol., 2010 Aug;81(8):1187-95.
PMID: 20450401 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.090648

In dental implant treatment, the long-term prognosis is dependent on the biologic seal formed by the soft tissue around the implant. The in vitro investigation of the implant-soft tissue interface is usually carried out using a monolayer cell-culture model that lacks a polarized-cell phenotype. This study developed a tissue-engineered three-dimensional oral mucosal model (3D OMM) to investigate the implant-soft tissue interface.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering
Contour analysis of an implant--soft tissue interface

Chai WL, Moharamzadeh K, van Noort R, Emanuelsson L, Palmquist A, Brook IM

J Periodontal Res, 2013 Oct;48(5):663-70.
PMID: 23442017 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12062

Studies of peri-implant soft tissue on in vivo models are commonly based on histological sections prepared using undecalcified or 'fracture' techniques. These techniques require the cutting or removal of implant during the specimen preparation process. The aim of this study is to explore a new impression technique that does not require any cutting or removal of implant for contour analysis of soft tissue around four types of titanium (Ti) surface roughness using an in vitro three-dimensional oral mucosal model (3D OMM).

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering/methods
Bioengineering of microbial transglutaminase for biomedical applications

Chan SK, Lim TS

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2019 Apr;103(7):2973-2984.
PMID: 30805670 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09669-3

Microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) is commonly known in the food industry as meat glue due to its incredible ability to "glue" meat proteins together. Aside from being widely exploited in the meat processing industries, mTGase is also widely applied in other food and textile industries by catalysing the formation of isopeptide bonds between peptides or protein substrates. The advancement of technology has opened up new avenues for mTGase in the field of biomedical engineering. Efforts have been made to study the structural properties of mTGase in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the structure-function relationship. This review highlights the developments in mTGase engineering together with its role in biomedical applications including biomaterial fabrication for tissue engineering and biotherapeutics.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering*
Fulltext Electrospun Pectin-Polyhydroxybutyrate Nanofibers for Retinal Tissue Engineering

Chan SY, Chan BQY, Liu Z, Parikh BH, Zhang K, Lin Q, et al.

ACS Omega, 2017 Dec 31;2(12):8959-8968.
PMID: 30023596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01604

Natural polysaccharide pectin has for the first time been grafted with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) via ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone. This copolymer, pectin-polyhydroxybutyrate (pec-PHB), was blended with PHB in various proportions and electrospun to produce nanofibers that exhibited uniform and bead-free nanostructures, suggesting the miscibility of PHB and pec-PHB. These nanofiber blends exhibited reduced fiber diameters from 499 to 336-426 nm and water contact angles from 123.8 to 88.2° on incorporation of pec-PHB. They also displayed 39-335% enhancement of elongation at break relative to pristine PHB nanofibers. pec-PHB nanofibers were found to be noncytotoxic and biocompatible. Human retinal pigmented epithelium (ARPE-19) cells were seeded onto pristine PHB and pec-PHB nanofibers as scaffold and showed good proliferation. Higher proportions of pec-PHB (pec-PHB10 and pec-PHB20) yielded higher densities of cells with similar characteristics to normal RPE cells. We propose, therefore, that nanofibers of pec-PHB have significant potential as retinal tissue engineering scaffold materials.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering
Fulltext Engineering electrospun multicomponent polyurethane scaffolding platform comprising grapeseed oil and honey/propolis for bone tissue regeneration

Chao CY, Mani MP, Jaganathan SK

PLoS One, 2018;13(10):e0205699.
PMID: 30372449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205699

Essential oils play an important role in reducing the pain and inflammation caused by bone fracture.In this study, a scaffold was electrospun based on polyurethane (PU), grape seed oil, honey and propolis for bone tissue-engineering applications. The fiber diameter of the electrospun PU/grape seed oil scaffold and PU/grape seed oil/honey/propolis scaffold were observed to be reduced compared to the pristine PU control. FTIR analysis revealed the existence of grape seed oil, honey and propolis in PU identified by CH band peak shift and also hydrogen bond formation. The contact angle of PU/grape seed oil scaffold was found to increase owing to hydrophobic nature and the contact angle for the PU/grape seed/honey oil/propolis scaffold were decreased because of hydrophilic nature. Further, the prepared PU/grape seed oil and PU/grape seed oil/honey/propolis scaffold showed enhanced thermal stability and reduction in surface roughness than the control as revealed in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. Further, the developed nanocomposite scaffold displayed delayed blood clotting time than the pristine PU in the activated prothrombin time (APTT) and partial thromboplastin time (PT) assay. The hemolytic assay and cytocompatibility studies revealed that the electrospun PU/grape seed oil and PU/grape seed oil/honey/propolis scaffold possess non-toxic behaviour to red blood cells (RBC) and human fibroblast cells (HDF) cells indicating better blood compatibility and cell viability rates. Hence, the newly developed electrospun nanofibrous composite scaffold with desirable characteristics might be used as an alternative candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering/methods*

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