MyMedR

Fulltext Seropositivity of dengue antibodies during pregnancy

Mohamed Ismail NA, Wan Abd Rahim WE, Salleh SA, Neoh HM, Jamal R, Jamil MA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:436975.

PMID: 25587564 DOI: 10.1155/2014/436975

Malaysia a dengue endemic country with dengue infections in pregnancy on the rise. The present study was aimed at determining dengue seroprevalence (IgG or IgM) during pregnancy and its neonatal transmission in dengue seropositive women.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Community knowledge, health beliefs, practices and experiences related to dengue fever and its association with IgG seropositivity

Wong LP, AbuBakar S, Chinna K

PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014 May;8(5):e2789.

PMID: 24853259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002789

Demographic, economic and behavioural factors are central features underpinning the successful management and biological control of dengue. This study aimed to examine these factors and their association with the seroprevalence of this disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*

Fulltext Rapid immunoglobulin M-based dengue diagnostic test using surface plasmon resonance biosensor

Jahanshahi P, Zalnezhad E, Sekaran SD, Adikan FR

Sci Rep, 2014 Jan 24;4:3851.

PMID: 24458089 DOI: 10.1038/srep03851

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a medical diagnosis technique with high sensitivity and specificity. In this research, a new method based on SPR is proposed for rapid, 10-minute detection of the anti-dengue virus in human serum samples. This novel technique, known as rapid immunoglobulin M (IgM)-based dengue diagnostic test, can be utilized quickly and easily at the point of care. Four dengue virus serotypes were used as ligands on a biochip. According to the results, a serum volume of only 1 μl from a dengue patient (as a minimized volume) is required to indicate SPR angle variation to determine the ratio of each dengue serotype in samples with 83-93% sensitivity and 100% specificity.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*

Fulltext Safety and immunogenicity of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in healthy children aged 2-11 years in Malaysia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase III study

Hss AS, Koh MT, Tan KK, Chan LG, Zhou L, Bouckenooghe A, et al.

Vaccine, 2013 Dec 2;31(49):5814-21.

PMID: 24135573 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.013

Dengue disease is a major public health problem across the Asia-Pacific region for which there is no licensed vaccine or treatment. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of Phase III lots of a candidate vaccine (CYD-TDV) in children in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent versus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine: a randomized, controlled trial in adults

Beran J, Peeters M, Dewé W, Raupachová J, Hobzová L, Devaster JM

BMC Infect Dis, 2013;13:224.

PMID: 23688546 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-224

Two phylogenetic lineages of influenza B virus coexist and circulate in the human population (B/Yamagata and B/Victoria) but only one B-strain is included in each seasonal vaccine. Mismatch regularly occurs between the recommended and circulating B-strain. Inclusion of both lineages in vaccines may offer better protection against influenza.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Dengue infection and miscarriage: a prospective case control study

Tan PC, Soe MZ, Si Lay K, Wang SM, Sekaran SD, Omar SZ

PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2012;6(5):e1637.

PMID: 22590658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001637

Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito borne infection worldwide. Vertical transmissions after maternal dengue infection to the fetus and pregnancy losses in relation to dengue illness have been reported. The relationship of dengue to miscarriage is not known.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Immunization with recombinant enterovirus 71 viral capsid protein 1 fragment stimulated antibody responses in hamsters

Ch'ng WC, Stanbridge EJ, Wong KT, Ong KC, Yusoff K, Shafee N

Virol J, 2012;9:155.

PMID: 22877087 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-155

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes severe neurological diseases resulting in high mortality in young children worldwide. Development of an effective vaccine against EV71 infection is hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models for efficacy testing of candidate vaccines. Previously, we have successfully tested the immunogenicity and protectiveness of a candidate EV71 vaccine, containing recombinant Newcastle disease virus capsids that display an EV71 VP1 fragment (NPt-VP11-100) protein, in a mouse model of EV71 infection. A drawback of this system is its limited window of EV71 susceptibility period, 2 weeks after birth, leading to restricted options in the evaluation of optimal dosing regimens. To address this issue, we have assessed the NPt-VP11-100 candidate vaccine in a hamster system, which offers a 4-week susceptibility period to EV71 infection. Results obtained showed that the NPt-VP11-100 candidate vaccine stimulated excellent humoral immune response in the hamsters. Despite the high level of antibody production, they failed to neutralize EV71 viruses or protect vaccinated hamsters in viral challenge studies. Nevertheless, these findings have contributed towards a better understanding of the NPt-VP11-100 recombinant protein as a candidate vaccine in an alternative animal model system.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*

Fulltext Cellular immune responses to recurring influenza strains have limited boosting ability and limited cross-reactivity to other strains

Keynan Y, Card CM, Ball BT, Li Y, Plummer FA, Fowke KR

Clin Microbiol Infect, 2010 Aug;16(8):1179-86.

PMID: 20670292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03142.x

Influenza vaccine provides protection against infection with matched strains, and this protection correlates with serum antibody titres. In addition to antibodies, influenza-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte responses are important in decreasing disease severity and facilitating viral clearance. Because this response is directed at internal, relatively conserved antigens, it affords some cross-protection within a given subtype of influenza virus. With the possibility of a broader A(H1N1) Mexico outbreak in the fall of 2009, it appeared worthwhile studying the degree of cellular immune response-mediated cross-reactivity among influenza virus isolates. The composition of the 2006-2007 influenza vaccine included the A/New Caledonia/20/1999 strain (comprising a virus that has been circulating, and was included in vaccine preparations, for 6-7 years) and two strains not previously included (Wisconsin and Malaysia). This combination afforded us the opportunity to determine the degree of cross-reactive cellular immunity after exposure to new viral strains. We analysed the antibody responses and the phenotype and function of the T cell response to vaccine components. The results obtained show that antibody responses to A/New-Caledonia were already high and vaccination did not increase antibody or cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. These data suggest that repeated exposure to the same influenza stain results in limited boosting of humoral and cellular immune responses.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Chikungunya virus of Asian and Central/East African genotypes in Malaysia

Sam IC, Chan YF, Chan SY, Loong SK, Chin HK, Hooi PS, et al.

J Clin Virol, 2009 Oct;46(2):180-3.

PMID: 19683467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.07.016

BACKGROUND: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) of the Central/East African genotype has caused large outbreaks worldwide in recent years. In Malaysia, limited CHIKV outbreaks of the endemic Asian and imported Central/East African genotypes were reported in 1998 and 2006. Since April 2008, an unprecedented nationwide outbreak has affected Malaysia.
OBJECTIVE: To study the molecular epidemiology of the current Malaysian CHIKV outbreak, and to evaluate cross-neutralisation activity of serum from infected patients against isolates of Asian and Central/East African genotypes.
STUDY DESIGN: Serum samples were collected from 83 patients presenting in 2008, and tested with PCR for the E1 gene, virus isolation, and for IgM. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on partial E1 gene sequences of 837bp length. Convalescent serum from the current outbreak and Bagan Panchor outbreak (Asian genotype, 2006) were tested for cross-neutralising activity against representative strains from each outbreak.
RESULTS: CHIKV was confirmed in 34 patients (41.0%). The current outbreak strain has the A226V mutation in the E1 structural protein, and grouped with Central/East African isolates from recent global outbreaks. Serum cross-neutralisation activity against both Central/East African and Asian genotypes was observed at titres from 40 to 1280.
CONCLUSIONS: The CHIKV strain causing the largest Malaysian outbreak is of the Central/East African genotype. The presence of the A226V mutation, which enhances transmissibility of CHIKV by Aedes albopictus, may explain the extensive spread especially in rural areas. Serum cross-neutralisation of different genotypes may aid potential vaccines and limit the effect of future outbreaks.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Varicella-zoster virus seroprevalence in healthcare workers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Sam IC, Tariman H, Chan YF, Bador MK, Yusof MY, Hassan H

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):429-30.

PMID: 19803311 MyJurnal

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections are a particular problem in healthcare settings. A survey of chickenpox was carried out amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) following potential ward exposures. A prior history of chickenpox was given by 61/98 (62.2%). Of 64 HCWs tested for VZV IgG, 10 (15.6%) were seronegative, indicating susceptibility. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of a history of prior chickenpox were 57.4%, 90%, 96.4%, and 31.0%, respectively. VZV screening of HCWs without a history of chickenpox, and vaccination of susceptible HCWs should be undertaken in this hospital.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*

Immunogenic properties of recombinant ectodomain of Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein expressed in Escherichia coli

Wong SK, Tan WS, Omar AR, Tan CS, Yusoff K

Acta Virol., 2009;53(1):35-41.

PMID: 19301949

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) plays a vital role in the viral infectivity, host immunity, and disease diagnosis. A portion of the HN gene encoding the ectodomain (nt 142-1739) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli yielding an insoluble HN protein and a soluble NusA-HN protein containing N-utilization substance A (NusA) fusion component. Both recombinant proteins were purified and used for immunization of chickens. The recombinant HN protein induced higher antibody titers as compared to the recombinant NusA-HN protein. These antibodies were able to react in immunoblot analysis with the corresponding recombinant proteins as well as with the HN protein of NDV.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Impact of a measles elimination strategy on measles incidence in Malaysia

Saraswathy TS, Zahrin HN, Norhashmimi H, Az-Ulhusna A, Zainah S, Rohani J

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2009 Jul;40(4):742-7.

PMID: 19842408

In Malaysia, the two dose measles - mumps - rubella (MMR) vaccine was introduced in the Expanded Program on Immunization in 2002. The Ministry of Health then initiated a measles elimination strategy which included enhanced case-based surveillance with laboratory testing of all suspected cases. The objective of our study was to analyse national measles laboratory data from 2004 to 2008 to study the impact of the nationwide strategy on measles case incidence. Blood samples collected from suspected measles cases during the acute stage of the illness were investigated for measles specific IgM. The estimated incidence of measles ranged from 22.3 cases (in 2004) to 2.27 cases (in 2006) per 100,000 population. During this time, the measles vaccination coverage was above 85%. Laboratory confirmed measles cases dropped from 42.2% in 2004, when sporadic outbreaks were reported, to 3.9% in 2007. Screening for measles IgG levels in 2008 showed that 82.8% of those > 7 years old had adequate immunity. The measles control strategy appears to have been successful in reducing the incidence of measles. Continuing high vaccination coverage rates and ongoing measles surveillance are necessary to achieve our goal of measles elimination.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Epizootology and experimental infection of Yokose virus in bats

Watanabe S, Omatsu T, Miranda ME, Masangkay JS, Ueda N, Endo M, et al.

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010 Jan;33(1):25-36.

PMID: 18789527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.07.008

To reveal whether bats serve as an amplifying host for Yokose virus (YOKV), we conducted a serological survey and experimentally infected fruit bats with YOKV isolated from microbats in Japan. YOKV belongs to the Entebbe bat virus group of vector unknown group within the genus Flavivirus and family Flaviviridae. To detect antibodies against YOKV, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using biotinylated anti-bat IgG rabbit sera. Serological surveillance was conducted with samples collected in the Philippines and the sera supplied from Malaysia. One of the 36 samples from the Philippines (2.7%) and 5 of the 26 samples from Malaysia (19%) had detectable ELISA antibodies. In the experimental infections, no clinical signs of disease were observed. Moreover, no significant viral genome amplification was detected. These findings revealed that YOKV replicates poorly in the fruit bat, suggesting that fruit bats do not seem to serve as an amplifying host for YOKV.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Recombinant Newcastle Disease virus capsids displaying enterovirus 71 VP1 fragment induce a strong immune response in rabbits

Sivasamugham LA, Cardosa MJ, Tan WS, Yusoff K

J Med Virol, 2006 Aug;78(8):1096-104.

PMID: 16789020

The complete VP1 protein of EV71 was truncated into six segments and fused to the C-terminal ends of full-length nucleocapsid protein (NPfl) and truncated NP (NPt; lacks 20% amino acid residues from its C-terminal end) of newcastle disease virus (NDV). Western blot analysis using anti-VP1 rabbit serum showed that the N-terminal region of the VP1 protein contains a major antigenic region. The recombinant proteins carrying the truncated VP1 protein, VP1(1-100), were expressed most efficiently in Escherichia coli as determined by Western blot analysis. Electron microscopic analysis of the purified recombinant protein, NPt-VP(1-100) revealed that it predominantly self-assembled into intact ring-like structures whereas NPfl-VP(1-100) recombinant proteins showed disrupted ring-like formations. Rabbits immunized with the purified NPt-VP(1-100) and NPfl-VP(1-100) exhibited a strong immune response against the complete VP1 protein. The antisera of these recombinant proteins also reacted positively with authentic enterovirus 71 and the closely related Coxsackievirus A16 when analyzed by an immunofluorescence assay suggesting their potential as immunological reagents for the detection of anti-enterovirus 71 antibodies in serum samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Emergence of chikungunya seropositivity in healthy Malaysian adults residing in outbreak-free locations: chikungunya seroprevalence results from the Malaysian Cohort

Azami NA, Salleh SA, Shah SA, Neoh HM, Othman Z, Zakaria SZ, et al.

BMC Infect Dis, 2013;13:67.

PMID: 23379541 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-67

In 1998, Malaysia experienced its first chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak in the suburban areas followed by another two in 2006 (rural areas) and 2008 (urban areas), respectively. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of documented data regarding the magnitude of CHIKV exposure in the Malaysian population. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of chikungunya virus infection in healthy Malaysian adults residing in outbreak-free locations.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*

Fulltext Immunity and clinical efficacy of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine in healthy Chinese children: a report of further observations

Liu L, Mo Z, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Li R, Ong KC, et al.

BMC Med, 2015;13:226.

PMID: 26381232 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0448-7

To investigate the long-term effects on immunity of an inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine and its protective efficacy.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Dengue antibodies in a suburban community in Malaysia

Chen WS, Wong CH, Cillekens L

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Mar;58(1):142-3.

PMID: 14556343

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*

Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia

Chua KB, Goh KJ, Wong KT, Kamarulzaman A, Tan PS, Ksiazek TG, et al.

Lancet, 1999 Oct 9;354(9186):1257-9.

PMID: 10520635

Between February and April, 1999, an outbreak of viral encephalitis occurred among pig-farmers in Malaysia. We report findings for the first three patients who died.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Characterization and identification of Oya virus, a Simbu serogroup virus of the genus Bunyavirus, isolated from a pig suspected of Nipah virus infection

Kono Y, Yusnita Y, Mohd Ali AR, Maizan M, Sharifah SH, Fauzia O, et al.

Arch Virol, 2002 Aug;147(8):1623-30.

PMID: 12181680

A virus, named Oya virus, was isolated in Vero cell cultures from the lungs of a pig suspected of Nipah virus infection. The virus was revealed as a spherical enveloped RNA virus with a diameter of 79 nm. For identification of Oya virus, RT-PCR was performed. A common primer set for S-RNA of the Simbu serogroup of the genus Bunyavirus was able to amplify a cDNA from Oya virus RNA. The sequence data of the product revealed that the partial gene of Oya virus S-RNA segment had 65-70% homology with published cDNA sequences of Simbu serogroup viruses. The phylogenetic analysis of the data showed that the Oya virus is grouped in Simbu serogroup, but is genetically distinct from the serogroup viruses that have been analyzed molecularly. Serological surveys revealed that the virus distributed widely and densely in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Diagnosis of nipah virus encephalitis by electron microscopy of cerebrospinal fluid

Chow VT, Tambyah PA, Yeo WM, Phoon MC, Howe J

J Clin Virol, 2000 Dec;19(3):143-7.

PMID: 11090749

BACKGROUND: between 1998 and 1999, an outbreak of potentially fatal viral encephalitis erupted among pig farm workers in West Malaysia, and later spread to Singapore where abattoir workers were afflicted. Although Japanese encephalitis virus was initially suspected, the predominant aetiologic agent was subsequently confirmed to be Nipah virus, a novel paramyxovirus related to but distinct from Hendra virus.

OBJECTIVE: to describe a case of Nipah virus encephalitis in a pig farm worker from Malaysia.

STUDY DESIGN: the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of this patient were scrutinized. Special emphasis was placed on the electron microscopic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen from this patient.

RESULTS: the neurological deficits indicative of cerebellar involvement were supported by the magnetic resonance imaging that showed prominent cerebellar and brainstem lesions. CSF examination provided further evidence of viral encephalitis. Complement fixation and/or RT-PCR assays were negative for Japanese encephalitis, herpes simplex, measles and mumps viruses. ELISA for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies against Hendra viral antigens were equivocal for the CSF specimen, and tested initially negative for the first serum sample but subsequently positive for the repeat serum sample. Transmission electron microscopy of negatively-stained preparations of CSF revealed enveloped virus-like structures fringed with surface projections as well as nucleocapsids with distinctive helical and herringbone patterns, features consistent with those of other paramyxoviruses, including Hendra virus.

CONCLUSION: this case report reiterates the relevant and feasible role of diagnostic electron microscopy for identifying and/or classifying novel or emerging viral pathogens for which sufficiently specific and sensitive tests are lacking.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

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