Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 187 in total

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  1. Fulltext Bioprocess optimization for pectinase production using Aspergillus niger in a submerged cultivation system
    El Enshasy HA, Elsayed EA, Suhaimi N, Malek RA, Esawy M
    BMC Biotechnol, 2018 11 09;18(1):71.
    PMID: 30413198 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0481-7
    BACKGROUND: Pectinase enzymes present a high priced category of microbial enzymes with many potential applications in various food and oil industries and an estimated market share of $ 41.4 billion by 2020.

    RESULTS: The production medium was first optimized using a statistical optimization approach to increase pectinase production. A maximal enzyme concentration of 76.35 U/mL (a 2.8-fold increase compared with the initial medium) was produced in a medium composed of (g/L): pectin, 32.22; (NH4)2SO4, 4.33; K2HPO4, 1.36; MgSO4.5H2O, 0.05; KCl, 0.05; and FeSO4.5H2O, 0.10. The cultivations were then carried out in a 16-L stirred tank bioreactor in both batch and fed-batch modes to improve enzyme production, which is an important step for bioprocess industrialization. Controlling the pH at 5.5 during cultivation yielded a pectinase production of 109.63 U/mL, which was about 10% higher than the uncontrolled pH culture. Furthermore, fed-batch cultivation using sucrose as a feeding substrate with a rate of 2 g/L/h increased the enzyme production up to 450 U/mL after 126 h.

    CONCLUSIONS: Statistical medium optimization improved volumetric pectinase productivity by about 2.8 folds. Scaling-up the production process in 16-L semi-industrial stirred tank bioreactor under controlled pH further enhanced pectinase production by about 4-folds. Finally, bioreactor fed-batch cultivation using constant carbon source feeding increased maximal volumetric enzyme production by about 16.5-folds from the initial starting conditions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus niger/genetics; Aspergillus niger/growth & development; Aspergillus niger/metabolism*
  2. Subtopic: Advances in water and wastewater treatment harvesting of Chlorella sp. microalgae using Aspergillus niger as bio-flocculant for aquaculture wastewater treatment
    Mohd Nasir N, Mohd Yunos FH, Wan Jusoh HH, Mohammad A, Lam SS, Jusoh A
    J Environ Manage, 2019 Nov 01;249:109373.
    PMID: 31415924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109373
    Microalgae have been increasingly used to generate biofuel, thus a sustainable technique should be implemented to harvest the biomass to ensure its existence in the environment. Aspergillus niger was used as bio-flocculant to harvest microalgae from aquaculture wastewater via flocculation technique over a range of pH and mixing rate. The bio-flocculant showed ability to adapt at a wide range of pH from 3.0 to 9.0 and at a mixing rate of 100-150 rpm, producing a harvesting efficiency of higher than 90%. The treated water possessed low concentration of chlorophyll-a (0.3-0.6 mg L-1) and cell density (2 × 106-3 × 106 cell mL-1). These indicate that Aspergillus niger is a promising bio-flocculant to be used in harvesting microalgae, thus promoting the use of flocculation as a green technology in aquaculture wastewater treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus niger
  3. Fulltext Prevalence of Aspergillus spp. and occurrence of aflatoxins in peanut sauce processing by peanut sauce manufacturers
    Farawahida Abdul Halim, Jinap Selamat, Nor Khaizura Mahmud @ Ab Rashid, Chin, C. K., Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin, Norlia, M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(1):121-130.
    MyJurnal
    The aims of the present work were to determine the prevalence of Aspergillus spp. and occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) along the peanut sauce processing line from different peanut sauce
    companies in Malaysia, and to determine to which extent peanut sauce processing steps
    employed by the peanut sauce industries could efficiently reduce AFs in peanut sauce. Peanut
    and chili samples were collected at each processing step along the peanut sauce production
    from three peanut sauce companies which were different in companies’ profile. Peanut
    samples from Companies B (87.5%) and C (100%) were contaminated with AFs. Of these,
    12.5% (Company B) and 75% (Company C) samples exceeded the Malaysian regulatory limit.
    None of the samples from Company A was contaminated. The steps efficient in reducing AFs
    in peanut sauce identified in the present work were (i) safety monitoring of raw materials, (ii)
    sorting of raw materials, and (iii) heat treatment of raw materials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus
  4. Fulltext Optimization of vanillin production using isoeugenol as substrate by Aspergillus niger I-1472
    Tan, M. C., Liew, S. L., Wan Aida, W. M., Osman, H., Maskat, M. Y.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(4):1651-1656.
    MyJurnal
    Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in the study to optimize the production of vanillin from isoeugenol through fermentation by Aspergillus niger I-1472. Three factors were studied which include amount of isoeugenol, resin (Amberlite XAD-4) and Span 80. During fermentation, isoeugenol as substrate were vortexed with Span 80 and added into the culture on Day 4. Resin (Amberlite XAD-4) was added into the medium the following day. The predicted optimum medium combination consisted of 3.61 g/L of isoeugenol, 5.8% (g/ mL) of Amberlite XAD-4 resin and 0.37% of Span 80 with an expected vanillin production of 0.137 g/L. Verification test showed that the model produced similar predicted and experimental values.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus niger
  5. Fatal aspergillosis in imported parrots
    Kaplan W, Arnstein P, Ajello L, Chandler F, Watts J, Hicklin M
    Mycopathologia, 1975 Jul 30;56(1):25-9.
    PMID: 1097931
    Spontaneous fatal aspergillosis occurred in several species of parrots imported from Latin America, Australia, Malaya and Ghana for studies on the control of psittacosis. Over a period of 4 years, 655 parrots were imported for use in these studies. All birds that died during these investigations were necropsied, and the internal organs of 45 were found to have macroscopic lesions suggestive of aspergillosis. Of these 45 suspected cases, 32 were confirmed as aspergillosis by both histopathology and culture, and three others by histopathology alone. There was no evidence that the remaining 10 had this disease. Of the 32 culturally confirmed cases, 13 were found to be caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, 16 by A. oryzae, and three by both fungi. In this series, three sets of circumstances appear to have been associated with the development of fatal aspergillosis. Their capture and transport to the United States, the administration of chlortetracycline used in the control of psittacosis, and the administration of cortisone acetate in an attempt to activate existent latent psittacosis infections. The possible causal relationship of these factors are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus fumigatus/isolation & purification; Aspergillus oryzae/isolation & purification
  6. Fulltext Fungistatic effect of hydroxychloroquine, lessons from a case
    Keshavarzi F
    Med Mycol Case Rep, 2016 Sep;13:17-18.
    PMID: 27709021
    A 50-year-old male was prescribed with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) after osteoarthritis was diagnosed. He had an old nail infection of Aspergillus niger. A remarkable improvement of the symptoms of fungal nail infection was seen after about four weeks of treatment with HCQ. It was very hard to detect the symptoms in the end of the second month of the treatment, both in the finger and toe nails. The symptoms were clearly recurred after HCQ was discontinued.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus niger
  7. Immobilization of cross-linked tannase enzyme on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and its catalytic behavior
    Ong CB, Annuar MSM
    Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2018 Feb 07;48(2):181-187.
    PMID: 29341838 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1425707
    Immobilization of cross-linked tannase on pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was successfully performed. Cross-linking of tannase molecules was made through glutaraldehyde. The immobilized tannase exhibited significantly improved pH, thermal, and recycling stability. The optimal pH for both free and immobilized tannase was observed at pH 5.0 with optimal operating temperature at 30°C. Moreover, immobilized enzyme retained greater biocatalytic activities upon 10 repeated uses compared to free enzyme in solution. Immobilization of tannase was accomplished by strong hydrophobic interaction most likely between hydrophobic amino acid moieties of the glutaraldehyde-cross-linked tannase to the MWCNT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus/enzymology*; Aspergillus/chemistry
  8. Formulation of maize- and peanut-based semi-synthetic growth media for the ecophysiological studies of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in maize and peanut agro-ecosystems
    Yazid SNE, Thanggavelu H, Mahror N, Selamat J, Samsudin NIP
    Int J Food Microbiol, 2018 Oct 03;282:57-65.
    PMID: 29913332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.007
    In studying the ecophysiology of fungal phytopathogens, several stages are involved (in vitro, greenhouse, in planta). Most in vitro studies extensively utilise the general growth media such as Potato Dextrose Agar and Malt Extract Agar. Although the crop components in these media serve as excellent carbon sources and yield luxuriant growth, they are not naturally contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and thus might result in under- or overestimation of its actual toxigenic potentials. Empirical data on the formulation of semi-synthetic growth medium mimicking the natural crop commonly contaminated by A. flavus for the ecophysiological studies in vitro are scarce. The present work was aimed at investigating the ecophysiology of A. flavus on commercial growth media (PDA, MEA); formulating maize- and peanut-based semi-synthetic growth media using two methods of raw material preparation (milling, hot water extraction) at different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, 9% w/v), and comparing the ecophysiological parameters between commercial and formulated growth media. Growth rates were obtained by computing the hyphal expansion data into y = mx + c equation. AFB1 was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. Formulated media were found to yield significantly higher growth rates when compared to commercial media. However, commercial media yielded significantly higher AFB1 when compared to all formulated media. Between the two formulations, milling yielded significantly higher growth rates and AFB1 when compared to hot water extraction. Although in vitro data cannot directly extrapolate in planta performance, results obtained in the present work can be used to gauge the actual toxigenic potential of A. flavus in maize and peanut agro-ecosystems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus flavus/growth & development*; Aspergillus flavus/metabolism
  9. Phytochemical and biological evaluation of Defatted seeds of Jatropha Curcas
    Ul Haq MN, Wazir SM, Ullah F, Khan RA, Shah MS, Khatak A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1435-1442.
    In this study, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, phytotoxic and phytochemical properties of defatted seeds of Jatropha curcas were evaluated. A crude methanolic extract of defatted seeds was tested against three fungal strains - Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus - and five bacteria: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram negative) and Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive). The methanolic extract was diluted in dimethylsulfoxide to final concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/10 mL. The largest zones of inhibition against K. pneumoniae, M. luteus and B. subtilis were achieved using the concentration of 5 mg/10 mL. The concentration of 1 mg/10 mL was most effective against S. aureus and E. coli. In a 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylahydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the 5 mg/10 mL concentration of the Jatropha seed extract showed the strongest activity. Higher concentrations of the Jatropha seed extract (10 mg/50 mL and 5 mg/50 mL) significantly inhibited the germination of radish seeds and had negative effects on radish seedling relative water content, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight (p<0.05). Phytochemical analyses of the defatted seeds detected alkaloids (7.3%), flavonoids (0.39%) and soluble phenolics (mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract). Based on these results, it was inferred that J. curcas seeds contain active ingredients that are effective against pathogenic microbes and therefore could be used to formulate drugs to treat various diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus fumigatus; Aspergillus niger
  10. Modelling the effect of temperature and water activity on the growth rate of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production in peanut meal extract agar
    Norlia M, Jinap S, Nor-Khaizura MAR, Radu S, John JM, Rahman MAH, et al.
    Int J Food Microbiol, 2020 Dec 16;335:108836.
    PMID: 33065380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108836
    Aspergillus flavus is the predominant species that produce aflatoxins in stored peanuts under favourable conditions. This study aimed to describe the growth and aflatoxin production by two A. flavus strains isolated from imported raw peanuts and to model the effects of temperature and aw on their colony growth rate as a function of temperature and aw in Peanut Meal Extract Agar (PMEA). A full factorial design with seven aw levels (0.85-0.98 aw) and five temperature levels (20-40 °C) was used to investigate the growth and aflatoxin production. Colony diameter was measured daily for 28 days while AFB1 and total aflatoxin were determined on day 3, 7, 14, and 21. The maximum colony growth rate, μmax (mm/day) was estimated by using the primary model of Baranyi, and the μmax was then fitted to the secondary model; second-order polynomial and linear Arrhenius-Davey to describe the colony growth rate as a function of temperature and aw. The results indicated that both strains failed to grow at temperature of 20 °C with aw <0.94 and aw of 0.85 for all temperatures except 30 °C. The highest growth rate was observed at 30 °C, with 0.98 aw for both strains. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect of strain, temperature, and aw on the fungal growth and aflatoxin production (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus flavus/growth & development*; Aspergillus flavus/metabolism
  11. Fulltext Effect of rhamnolipid on the physicochemical properties and interaction of bacteria and fungi
    Hamzah N, Kasmuri N, Tao W, Singhal N, Padhye L, Swift S
    Braz J Microbiol, 2020 Sep;51(3):1317-1326.
    PMID: 32399689 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00295-0
    Bacterial adhesion on surfaces is an essential initial step in promoting bacterial mobilization for soil bioremediation process. Modification of the cell surface is required to improve the adhesion of bacteria. The modification of physicochemical properties by rhamnolipid to Pseudomonas putida KT2442, Rhodococcus erythropolis 3586 and Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 strains was analysed using contact angle measurements. The surface energy and total free energy of adhesion were calculated to predict the adhesion of both bacteria strains on the A. brasiliensis surface. The study of bacterial adhesion was carried out to evaluate experimental value with the theoretical results. Bacteria and fungi physicochemical properties were modified significantly when treated with rhamnolipid. The adhesion rate of P. putida improved by 16% with the addition of rhamnolipid (below 1 CMC), while the increase of rhamnolipid concentration beyond 1 CMC did not further enhance the bacterial adhesion. The addition of rhamnolipid did not affect the adhesion of R. erythropolis. A good relationship has been obtained in which water contact angle and surface energy of fungal surfaces are the major factors contributing to the bacterial adhesion. The adhesion is mainly driven by acid-base interaction. This finding provides insight to the role of physicochemical properties in controlling the bacterial adhesion on the fungal surface to enhance bacteria transport in soil bioremediation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus/drug effects*; Aspergillus/physiology
  12. Domestic wastewater biosolids accumulation by liquid state bioconversion process for rapid composting
    Fakhru'l-Razi A, Alam MZ, Idris A, Abd-Aziz S, Molla AH
    J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng, 2002 Sep;37(8):1533-43.
    PMID: 12369644
    Bioconversion of higher strength of domestic wastewater biosolids (sludge) (4% w/w of TSS) by mixed fungal culture of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium corylophilum was studied in a laboratory. The effect of potential mixed fungi on domestic wastewater sludge accelerated the liquid state bioconversion (LSB) process. The highest production of dry sludge cake (biosolids) was enriched with fungal biomass to about 85.66 g/kg containing 25.23 g/kg of protein after 8 days of treatment. The results presented in this study revealed that the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) of treated sludge were highly influenced by the fungal culture as compared to control (uninnoculated). The maximum removal rates in treated sludge (biosolids) supernatant recorded were 92% of COD and 98.8% of TSS. Lower SRF (1.08 x 10(12) m/kg) was perceived in microbially treated sludge after 6 days of fermentation. The observed parameters were highly influenced after 8 days of treatment. The influence of pH was also studied and presented in the paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus niger/growth & development*; Aspergillus niger/isolation & purification
  13. Bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge by immobilized mixed culture of penicillum Corylophilum WWZA1003 and Aspergillus niger SCahmA103
    Alam MZ, Fakhru'l-Razi A, Idris A, Abd-Aziz S
    Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol, 2002 Jul;30(4):307-18.
    PMID: 12227649
    The bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge by immobilized mixed culture of filamentous fungi was investigated in a laboratory. The potential mixed culture of Penicillium corylophilum WWZA1003 and Aspergillus niger SCahmA103 was isolated from its local habitats (wastewater and sludge cake) and optimized on the basis of biodegradability and dewaterability of treated sludge. The observed results in this study showed that the sludge treatment was highly influenced by the effect of immobilized mixed fungi using liquid state bioconversion (LSB) process. The maximum production of dry filter cake (DFC) was enriched with fungal biomass to about 20.05 g/kg containing 23.47 g/kg of soluble protein after 4 days of fungal treatment. The reduction of COD, TSS, turbidity (optical density against distilled water, 660 nm), reducing sugar and protein in supernatant and filtration rate of treated sludge were influenced by the fungal mixed culture as compared to control (uninnoculated). After these processes, 99.4% of TSS, 98.05% of turbidity, 76.2% of soluble protein, 98% of reducing sugar and 92.4% of COD in supernatant of treated sludge were removed. Filtration time was decreased tremendously by the microbial treatment after 2 days of incubation. The effect of fungal strain on pH was also studied and presented. Effective bioconversion was observed after 4 days of fungal treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus niger/growth & development*; Aspergillus niger/metabolism
  14. Kojic acid production by Aspergillus flavus using gelatinized and hydrolyzed sago starch as carbon sources
    Rosfarizan M, Ariff AB, Hassan MA, Karim MI
    Folia Microbiol (Praha), 1998;43(5):459-64.
    PMID: 9867479
    Direct conversion of gelatinized sago starch into kojic acid by Aspergillus flavus strain having amylolytic enzymes was carried out at two different scales of submerged batch fermentation in a 250-mL shake flask and in a 50-L stirred-tank fermentor. For comparison, fermentations were also carried out using glucose and glucose hydrolyzate from enzymic hydrolysis of sago starch as carbon sources. During kojic acid fermentation of starch, starch was first hydrolyzed to glucose by the action of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase during active growth phase. The glucose remaining during the production phase (non-growing phase) was then converted to kojic acid. Kojic acid production (23.5 g/L) using 100 g/L sago starch in a shake flask was comparable to fermentation of glucose (31.5 g/L) and glucose hydrolyzate (27.9 g/L) but in the 50-L fermentor was greatly reduced due to non-optimal aeration conditions. Kojic acid production using glucose was higher in the 50-L fermentor than in the shake flask.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus flavus/growth & development; Aspergillus flavus/metabolism*
  15. Occurrence of Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin B1 in Malaysian foods used for human consumption
    Reddy KR, Farhana NI, Salleh B
    J Food Sci, 2011 May;76(4):T99-104.
    PMID: 22417376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02133.x
    Malaysian population widely consumes the cereal-based foods, oilseeds, nuts, and spices in their daily diet. Mycotoxigenic fungi are well known to invade food products under storage conditions and produce mycotoxins that have threat to human and animal health. Therefore, determining toxigenic fungi and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB1) in foods used for human consumption is of prime importance to develop suitable management strategies and to minimize risk. Ninety-five food products marketed in Penang, Malaysia were randomly collected from different supermarkets and were analyzed for presence of Aspergillus spp. by agar plate assay and AFB1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A. flavus was the dominant fungi in all foods followed by A. niger. Fifty-five A. flavus strains were tested for their ability to produce aflatoxins on rice grain substrate. Thirty-six (65.4%) strains out of 55 produced AFB1 ranging from 1700 to 4400 μg/kg and 17 strains (31%) produced AFB2 ranging from 620 to 1670 μg/kg. Natural occurrence of AFB1 could be detected in 72.6% food products ranging from 0.54 to 15.33 μg/kg with a mean of 1.95 μg/kg. Maximum AFB1 levels were detected in peanut products ranging from 1.47 to 15.33 μg/kg. AFB1 levels detected in all food products were below the Malaysian permissible limits (<35 μg/kg). Aspergillus spp. and AFB1 was not detected in any cookies tested. Although this survey was not comprehensive, it provides valuable information on aflatoxin levels in foods marketed in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus/growth & development; Aspergillus/isolation & purification*
  16. Modeling growth rate and assessing aflatoxins production by Aspergillus flavus as a function of water activity and temperature on polished and brown rice
    Mousa W, Ghazali FM, Jinap S, Ghazali HM, Radu S
    J Food Sci, 2013 Jan;78(1):M56-63.
    PMID: 23301606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02986.x
    The aim of this study was to model the radial growth rate and to assess aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus as a function of water activity (a(w) 0.82 to 0.92) and temperature (12 to 42 °C) on polished and brown rice. The growth of the fungi, expressed as colony diameter (mm) was measured daily, and the aflatoxins were analyzed using HPLC with a fluorescence detector. The growth rates were estimated using the primary model of Baranyi, which describes the change in colony radius as a function of time. Total of 2 secondary models were used to describe the combined effects of a(w) and temperature on the growth rates. The models were validated using independent experimental data. Linear Arrhenius-Davey model proved to be the best predictor of A. flavus growth rates on polished and brown rice followed by polynomial model. The estimated optimal growth temperature was around 30 °C. A. flavus growth and aflatoxins were not detected at 0.82 a(w) on polished rice while growth and aflatoxins were detected at this a(w) between 25 and 35 °C on brown rice. The highest amounts of toxins were formed at the highest a(w) values (0.90 to 0.92) at a temperature of 20 °C after 21 d of incubation on both types of rice. Nevertheless, the consistencies of toxin production within a wider range of a(w) values occurred between 25 to 30 °C. Brown rice seems to support A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production more than the polished rice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus flavus/growth & development*; Aspergillus flavus/metabolism
  17. Utilization of palm kernel cake for production of beta-mannanase by Aspergillus niger FTCC 5003 in solid substrate fermentation using an aerated column bioreactor
    Abdeshahian P, Samat N, Hamid AA, Yusoff WM
    J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 2010 Jan;37(1):103-9.
    PMID: 19937085 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0658-0
    The production of beta-mannanase from palm kernel cake (PKC) as a substrate in solid substrate fermentation (SSF) was studied using a laboratory column bioreactor. The simultaneous effects of three independent variables, namely incubation temperature, initial moisture content of substrate and airflow rate, on beta-mannanase production were evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of a central composite face-centered (CCF) design. Eighteen trials were conducted in which Aspergillus niger FTCC 5003 was cultivated on PKC in an aerated column bioreactor for seven days under SSF process. The highest level of beta-mannanase (2117.89 U/g) was obtained when SSF process was performed at incubation temperature, initial moisture level and aeration rate of 32.5 degrees C, 60% and 0.5 l/min, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the quadratic terms of incubation temperature and initial moisture content had significant effects on the production of beta-mannanase (P < 0.01). A similar analysis also demonstrated that the linear effect of initial moisture level and an interaction effect between the initial moisture content and aeration rate significantly influenced the production of beta-mannanase (P < 0.01). The statistical model suggested that the optimal conditions for attaining the highest level of beta-mannanase were incubation temperature of 32 degrees C, initial moisture level of 59% and aeration rate of 0.5 l/min. A beta-mannanase yield of 2231.26 U/g was obtained when SSF process was carried out under the optimal conditions described above.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus niger/enzymology*; Aspergillus niger/growth & development
  18. Fulltext Modelling the effect of water activity and temperature on growth rate and aflatoxin production by two isolates of Aspergillus flavus on paddy
    Mousa W, Ghazali FM, Jinap S, Ghazali HM, Radu S
    J Appl Microbiol, 2011 Nov;111(5):1262-74.
    PMID: 21883729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05134.x
    This study was conducted to characterize the growth of and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus on paddy and to develop kinetic models describing the growth rate as a function of water activity (a(w)) and temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus flavus/growth & development*; Aspergillus flavus/metabolism
  19. Novel Antifungal Peptides Produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides DU15 Effectively Inhibit Growth of Aspergillus niger
    Muhialdin BJ, Hassan Z, Abu Bakar F, Algboory HL, Saari N
    J Food Sci, 2015 May;80(5):M1026-30.
    PMID: 25847317 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12844
    The ability of Leuconostoc mesenteroides DU15 to produce antifungal peptides that inhibit growth of Aspergillus niger was evaluated under optimum growth conditions of 30 °C for 48 h. The cell-free supernatant showed inhibitory activity against A. niger. Five novel peptides were isolated with the sequences GPFPL, YVPLF, LLHGVPLP, GPFPLEMTLGPT, and TVYPFPGPL as identified by de novo sequencing using PEAKS 6 software. Peptide LLHGVPLP was the only positively charged (cationic peptides) and peptide GPFPLEMTLGPT negatively charged (anionic), whereas the rest are neutral. The identified peptides had high hydrophobicity ratio and low molecular weights with amino acids sequences ranging from 5 to 12 residues. The mode of action of these peptides is observed under the scanning electron microscope and is due to cell lysis of fungi. This work reveals the potential of peptides from L. mesenteroides DU15 as natural antifungal preservatives in inhibiting the growth of A. niger that is implicated to the spoilage during storage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus niger/drug effects*; Aspergillus niger/growth & development*
  20. Potential halophilic cellulases for in situ enzymatic saccharification of ionic liquids pretreated lignocelluloses
    Gunny AA, Arbain D, Edwin Gumba R, Jong BC, Jamal P
    Bioresour Technol, 2014 Mar;155:177-81.
    PMID: 24457303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.101
    Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used as an alternative green solvent for lignocelluloses pretreatment. However, being a salt, ILs exhibit an inhibitory effect on cellulases activity, thus making the subsequent saccharification inefficient. The aim of the present study is to produce salt-tolerant cellulases, with the rationale that the enzyme also tolerant to the presence of ILs. The enzyme was produced from a locally isolated halophilic strain and was characterized and assessed for its tolerance to different types of ionic liquids. The results showed that halophilic cellulases produced from Aspergillus terreus UniMAP AA-6 exhibited higher tolerance to ILs and enhanced thermo stability in the presence of high saline conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aspergillus/enzymology*; Aspergillus/genetics
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