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Fulltext Pediatric critical illness associated cerebral microhemorrhages

Abdul Rashid AM, Bahari N, Md Noh MSF

eNeurologicalSci, 2020 Mar;18:100221.
PMID: 31909229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2019.100221
Fulltext Strategies in the optimization of DNA hybridization conditions and its role in electrochemical detection of dengue virus (DENV) using response surface methodology (RSM)

Abdul Rashid JI, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Shomiad Shueb RH

RSC Adv, 2023 Jun 15;13(27):18748-18759.
PMID: 37362605 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00216k

In recent years, limited research has been conducted on enhancing DNA hybridization-based biosensor approaches using statistical models. This study explores the application of response surface methodology (RSM) to improve the performance of a DNA hybridization biosensor for dengue virus (DENV) detection. The biosensor is based on silicon nanowires decorated with gold nanoparticles (SiNWs/AuNPs) and utilizes methylene blue as a redox indicator. The DNA hybridization process between the immobilized DNA probe and the target DENV gene was monitored using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) based on the reduction of methylene blue. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to confirm successful DNA hybridization events on the modified screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) surface. Several parameters, including pH buffer, NaCl concentration, temperature, and hybridization time, were simultaneously optimized, with NaCl concentration having the most significant impact on DNA hybridization events. This study enhances the understanding of the role of each parameter in influencing DNA hybridization detection in electrochemical biosensors. The optimized biosensor demonstrated the ability to detect complementary oligonucleotide and amplified DENV gene concentrations as low as 0.0891 ng µL-1 (10 pM) and 2.8 ng µL-1, respectively. The developed biosensor shows promise for rapid clinical diagnosis of dengue virus infection.
Fulltext The Osseous Pathology of Purpura Fulminans in a Two-Year-Old Child: A Case Report

Mohd-Razali S, Ahmad-Affandi K, Ibrahim S, Abdul-Rashid AH, Abdul-Shukor N

Malays Orthop J, 2023 Mar;17(1):180-183.
PMID: 37064633 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2303.021

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a severe clinical manifestation of Neisseria meningitides infection that is associated with high mortality rates in children. Survivors are frequently left with debilitating musculoskeletal sequelae. There is a paucity of reports on the musculoskeletal pathology of purpura fulminans. We report on a 2-year-old boy with purpura fulminans due to meningococcemia. The child developed distal gangrene in both the upper and lower limbs. Amputations were done for both lower limbs. Histological examination of the amputated specimens showed an inflammatory process and features of osteonecrosis. The latest follow-up at the age of 6 years showed a right knee valgus due to asymmetrical growth arrest of the proximal tibia. PF and its complications are challenging to treat and may require a multidisciplinary approach to improve patient's functional ability.
Fulltext Strategies for the preparation of non-amplified and amplified genomic dengue gene samples for electrochemical DNA biosensing applications

Abdul Rashid JI, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Shomiad Shueb RH

RSC Adv, 2021 Dec 20;12(1):1-10.
PMID: 35424522 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06753b

The application of electrochemical DNA biosensors in real genomic sample detection is challenging due to the existence of complex structures and low genomic concentrations, resulting in inconsistent and low current signals. This work highlights strategies for the treatment of non-amplified and amplified genomic dengue virus gene samples based on real samples before they can be used directly in our DNA electrochemical sensing system, using methylene blue (MB) as a redox indicator. The main steps in this study for preparing non-amplified cDNA were cDNA conversion, heat denaturation, and sonication. To prepare amplified cDNA dengue virus genomic samples using an RT-PCR approach, we optimized a few parameters, such as the annealing temperature, sonication time, and reverse to forward (R/F) primer concentration ratio. We discovered that the generated methylene blue (MB) signals during the electrochemical sensing of non-amplified and amplified samples differ due to the different MB binding affinities based on the sequence length and base composition. The findings show that our developed electrochemical DNA biosensor successfully discriminates MB current signals in the presence and absence of the target genomic dengue virus, indicating that both samples were successfully treated. This work also provides interesting information about the critical factors in the preparation of genomic gene samples for developing miniaturized PCR-based electrochemical sensing applications in the future. We also discuss the limitations and provide suggestions related to using redox-indicator-based electrochemical biosensors to detect real genomic nucleic acid genes.
Fulltext Functional and radiological outcome of non-operative treated clavicle fractures and its association with acromioclavicular joint arthrosis

Ajit Singh V, Ho SC, Abdul Rashid ML, Santharalinggam RD

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2023;31(3):10225536231208242.
PMID: 37824849 DOI: 10.1177/10225536231208242

BACKGROUND: Clavicle fractures are traditionally treated non-operatively. This study determines the functional outcome of midshaft clavicle fractures treated non-operatively, the factors influencing it, and the incidence of acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) arthrosis.
METHODS: Patients with midshaft clavicular fractures treated non-operatively between 16 and 50 years old with no prior AC joint problems were assessed. Demographics, hand dominance, type of occupation, and smoking status were documented. Functional scoring using DASH score, CM score, and radiological evaluation was done with special tests to diagnose AC joint arthrosis. Two or more positive special tests were considered significant for this study.
RESULTS: 101 patients were recruited, 83 male and 18 female patients. The average age of 34.7 ± 13.93 years. The average follow-up was 32.7 months (range: 24-75; SD ± 9.9 months). 48.5% were blue-collar workers, and 60.4% involved the dominant upper limb. 44.6% were cigarette smokers. There was 20 mm and more shortening in 21.8% of subjects. 40.6% had a significant special test, and 36.6% had radiological changes of AC joint osteoarthritis. Positive two or more special tests were significantly associated with radiological evidence of arthrosis (p = .00). The mean DASH score was 28.28 ± 17.4, and the mean CM score was 27.58 ± 14.34. Most have satisfactory to excellent scores. Hand dominance, smoking, and blue-collar work were significantly associated with poorer CM scores, and hand dominance was significant for Dash scores.
CONCLUSION: There is an equal distribution poor, satisfactory and excellent functional outcomes in patients with midshaft clavicle fractures treated non-operatively. The poor outcomes may be attributed to ACJ arthrosis. Hand dominance, smoking and blue-collar work affected the functional outcome. Shortening of the clavicle had no bearing on the clinical and radiological findings of osteoarthritis and functional scores. The presence of two or more positive special tests is an accurate predictor of AC joint arthritis.
Fulltext Polyaniline Synthesized by Different Dopants for Fluorene Detection via Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

Beygisangchin M, Abdul Rashid S, Shafie S, Sadrolhosseini AR

Materials (Basel), 2021 Dec 02;14(23).
PMID: 34885536 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237382

The effects of different dopants on the synthesis, optical, electrical and thermal features of polyaniline were investigated. Polyaniline (PANI) doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid (PANI-PTSA), camphor sulphonic acid (PANI-CSA), acetic acid (PANI-acetic acid) and hydrochloric acid (PANI-HCl) was synthesized through the oxidative chemical polymerization of aniline under acidic conditions at ambient temperature. Fourier transform infrared light, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrical analysis were used to define physical and structural features, bandgap values, electrical conductivity and type and degree of doping, respectively. Tauc calculation reveals the optical band gaps of PANI-PTSA, PANI-CSA, PANI-acetic acid and PANI-HCl at 3.1, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.9 eV, respectively. With the increase in dopant size, crystallinity is reduced, and interchain separations and d-spacing are strengthened. The estimated conductivity values of PANI-PTSA, PANI-CSA, PANI-acetic acid and PANI-HCl are 3.84 × 101, 2.92 × 101, 2.50 × 10-2, and 2.44 × 10-2 S·cm-1, respectively. Particularly, PANI-PTSA shows high PL intensity because of its orderly arranged benzenoid and quinoid units. Owing to its excellent synthesis, low bandgap, high photoluminescence intensity and high electrical features, PANI-PTSA is a suitable candidate to improve PANI properties and electron provider for fluorene-detecting sensors with a linear range of 0.001-10 μM and detection limit of 0.26 nM.
Fulltext A Prelimenary Result of the Cardiovascular Risk factors Intervention Study (Pikom Study): Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and their Associated Factors

Mohamed M, Winn T, Rampal GL, Abdul Rashid A, Mustaffa B

Malays J Med Sci, 2005 Jan;12(1):20-5.
PMID: 22605943

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the number one cause of death since the last three decades in Malaysia and diabetes mellitus and hypertension are considered as major risk factors. A study to reduce risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the community (PIKOM) through education and lifestyle changes was undertaken. The study population was from four different areas in Peninsular Malaysia - Kota Bharu and Bachok in Kelantan ; Raub in Pahang; Gunung Besout in Perak and Felda Palong in Negri Sembilan. The subjects invited to participate in this study ware aged between 30 - 65 years, did not have any debilitating illnesses and no known history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension or cardiovascular disease. Subjects were asked to come to the local clinic in a fasting state and after physical examination, blood was taken for plasma glucose and lipids. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was then performed. A total of 4,121 subjects participated in the study. The proportion of subjects with diabetes mellitus was highest in Felda Palong area (20.3%) and lowest in Raub area (7.1%). The proportion of subjects with hypertension was also highest in Felda Palong area (38.6%) and lowest in Raub area (29.1%). This could be attributable to the subjects in Felda Palong having the highest mean Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR). There were significant associations between diabetes and hypertension with age and obesity. Subjects with diabetes mellitus and hypertension also had the highest mean age, BMI, WHR and plasma cholesterol.In conclusion, the proportion of patients with risk factors for CVD was high and intervention studies through education and lifestyle changes were being carried out to see their effectiveness.
Prediction models for early risk detection of cardiovascular event

Purwanto, Eswaran C, Logeswaran R, Abdul Rahman AR

J Med Syst, 2012 Apr;36(2):521-31.
PMID: 22675726

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death globally. More people die of CVDs each year than from any other disease. Over 80% of CVD deaths occur in low and middle income countries and occur almost equally in male and female. In this paper, different computational models based on Bayesian Networks, Multilayer Perceptron,Radial Basis Function and Logistic Regression methods are presented to predict early risk detection of the cardiovascular event. A total of 929 (626 male and 303 female) heart attack data are used to construct the models.The models are tested using combined as well as separate male and female data. Among the models used, it is found that the Multilayer Perceptron model yields the best accuracy result.
Fulltext Traditional male circumcision in a rural community in Kedah, Malaysia

Khan AR, Teh SP, Narayan KA

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2009;3(2):19-23.
MyJurnal

Background: Circumcision though not mentioned in the Quran is believed to be a compulsory practice among the Muslims. In Malaysia, although there are several methods of circumcision available and traditional circumcision is still popular.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a small fishing village of Kedah to study the methods of circumcision available to the villagers. This was followed with an in-depth interview conducted with ‘Tok Mudim’, a practitioner of traditional method of circumcision.
Results: Forty three of the eligible 71 subjects participated in the study giving the response rate as 60.5%. The most common age for circumcision was 9 years old. Despite private clinics being the most common place of circumcisions, there was an increasing number of boys going to the ‘Tok Mudim’ for circumcision. A Mass Circumcision Ceremony is traditionally practiced. The ‘Tok Mudim’ described the procedure in detail and was of the opinion that the reason traditional method is still popular was because of the fear of injections and impotency among the parents. Most common complication faced by the ‘Tok Mudim’ was bleeding and infection.
Discussion and Conclusion: Till the community shifts entirely to using modern medicine, there is a need to integrate traditional practitioners into the system. Training the ‘Tok Mudim’ to use modern instruments and aseptic techniques should be considered.
Fulltext A study of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pap smear screening among warded female patients in Hospital Teluk Intan, Perak

Quek. KF, Abdul Rashid M, Lingam SS

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2005;5(1):16-22.
MyJurnal

Cancer of uterine cervix is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, second only to breast cancer in incidence and mortality. Industrialized countries have dramatically reduced the incidence of mortality from cervical cancer in the last 50 years through aggressive screening programs utilizing pelvic examinations and Papanicolaou (pap) smears. The main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between socio-demography, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pap smear screening among female patients in Hospital Teluk Intan. There was statistically significant association between level of knowledge and practice (p
Candidate gene polymorphisms and their association with hypertension in Malays

Ghazali DM, Rehman A, Abdul Rahman AR

Clin Chim Acta, 2008 Feb;388(1-2):46-50.
PMID: 17977523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.10.002

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of candidate gene polymorphisms in a population is useful for a variety of gene-disease association studies, particularly for some complex traits. A single nucleotide variant of the angiotensinogene gene (AGT M235T) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS G894T) have been associated with hypertension.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study consisting of 200 hypertensives and 198 age- and sex-matched controls was conducted. Subjects involved in this study were pure Malay for 3 generations. The AGT M235T and eNOS G894T polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP method.
RESULTS: The distribution of M235T genotype in the population was 3.5% for MM, 30.4% for MT and 66.1% for TT. No significant difference was observed in genotype (chi(2)=1.30, p=0.52) and allele (chi(2)=0.87, p=0.35) frequencies among the 2 study group. In contrast, the distribution of genotypes for G894T was 74.1% for GG, 24.6% for GT and 1.3% for TT, respectively. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in genotype (chi(2)=0.94, p=0.33) and allele (chi(2)=0.60, p=0.44) frequencies between both study groups.
CONCLUSION: The AGT M235T and eNOS G894T polymorphisms are unlikely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in Malays.
Study site: Outpatient clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM); government clinics, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Fulltext The Malay Version of Ministry of Health’s Adolescent Client Satisfaction Questionnaire: a reliability study

Hafizuddin Awang, Azriani Ab Rahman, Surianti Suker, Noran Hashim, Nik Rubiah Nik Abdul Rashid

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):83-83.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The need for client feedback in assessing healthcare services is widely recognized. However, little is known about the satisfaction of adolescent clients utilising healthcare services in Malaysia. To the best of our knowl-edge, there is no validated instrument to measure the satisfaction of adolescent clients attending health clinics in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of the Malay Version of the Ministry of Health’s Adolescent Client Satisfaction Questionnaire among adolescents attending health clinics in North-eastern Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2019 among adolescents aged ten to nineteen years old that attended four designated health clinics in the Kelantan state of Malaysia. The test for Cronbach’s alpha was per-formed to determine the internal consistency reliability. Results: There were a total of 85 adolescent clients involved in this study. The mean age of the respondents was 15.6 years old. Majority of respondents were female, Malay, students and attained secondary level of education. The internal consistency reliability was good as the Cronbach’s alpha of the domain was 0.854. The corrected item-total correlation for the domain was acceptable as it was 0.4 and above. Conclusion: The Malay Version of the Ministry of Health’s Adolescent Client Satisfaction Questionnaire showed excellent internal consistency reliability. Therefore, it may be recommended to be used as a tool to measure the satisfaction level among adolescents attending health clinics in Malaysia.
Fulltext Assessment of adolescent-friendly health services in north-eastern Malaysia: a sequential explanatory mixed method study

Hafizuddin Awang, Azriani Ab Rahman, Surianti Sukeri, Noran Hashim, Nik Rubiah Nik Abdul Rashid

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):64-64.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The Ministry of Health Malaysia introduced the national best practices for adolescent-friendly health services in 2018 and it served as an assessment tool in the accreditation of adolescent-friendly clinic status. This study was conducted in Kelantan with the objective to determine the proportion of adolescent-friendly clinics and its determinants and perceptions of healthcare providers regarding the facilitating factors in providing adoles-cent-friendly health services. Methods: The research design was sequential explanatory mixed method. State wide clinics assessment was done to estimate the proportion of adolescent-friendly clinics and to determine the factors associated with adolescent-friendly health services provision. Perceptions of healthcare providers on the facilitating factors for adolescent-friendly health services were explored through in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were performed for quantitative data, and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Results: Out of 85 health clinics, 30 (35.3%) clinics were accredited as adolescent-friendly. Availability of trained health-care providers in adolescent health modules, private room for adolescent counselling, dedicated team in charge of adolescent programme and adolescent health promotional activities were the statistically significant determinants for adolescent-friendly health services (p
Aerobic fermentation of saccharomeyes cerevisae in a miniature bioreactor made of low cost poly(Methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(Dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)

Hazwan Halimoon, Abdul Rashid Hussain, Kouzani A, Muhd Nazrul Hisham Zainal Alam

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:969-976.

In this paper, a minibioreactor platform made of low cost polymers is presented. The minibioreactor prototype was designed
as an alternative solution for carrying out microbial fermentation experiments in laboratory. The minibioreactor prototype
has a working volume of 1.5 mL and was fabricated from poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)
(PDMS) polymers. Cell density was measured online whilst agitation rates and the temperature of the reactor content
can be tightly controlled to desired set-point values. As proof-of-concept, various S. cerevisae fermentation experiments
were conducted. In every experiment, the minibioreactor operated stably for the entire length of operation which was
nearly 40 h with very minimal volume loss i.e. about 2.8 µL·h-1 at 37ºC. The minibioreactor has the maximum oxygen
transfer rate (OTR) of 16.6 mmol·L-1·h-1 under the agitation rate of 300 rpm. Under these conditions, cell specific growth
rate as high as 0.291 h-1 was obtained. The experimental data in the minibioreactor operation was also reproducible
using shake flask where similar growth profiles were attained under a similar growth conditions.
Fulltext Effects of social support and self-efficacy of glucose control among Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in primary care

Aneesa Abdul Rashid, Navin Kumar Devaraj, Zuhra Hamzah, Tan Chai Eng

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):70-76.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Diabetic control depends partially on self-management. Diabetes self-care is reported to be a strong predictor of glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Factors contributing to better self-care include self-efficacy and social support. We aim to determine effects of these factors on glucose control in T2DM patients in a primary care clinic. Methods: This study utilised data from a bigger study looking into factors affecting social support and self-efficacy and their correlation in T2DM patients. This study was done among 329 T2DM pa- tients attending a primary care clinic in Selangor, Malaysia between November 2013- January 2014. Systematic ran- dom sampling was used. Instruments used were the MOS Social Support Survey and the Diabetic Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES). Patients’ socio-demographic data and glucose monitoring records were obtained. The asso- ciation between social support and self-efficacy with blood glucose control was determined using logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the respondents is 54.6 (+11.2), mostly female (55.3%) and Malay ethnicity (63.5%). Being older and retired were predictors for good glucose control (OR=1.05,p=0.01 and OR=2.2,p=0.023) respectively. There is also significant correlations between number of close friends/relatives with social support and self-efficacy (r=0.162,p=0.030 and r=0.190,p=0.01) respectively. The correlation of social support and self-efficacy with HbA1c levels are r= -0.044(p=0.426) and r= -0.08(p= 0.744) respectively. Conclusion: There were no correlations between social support and self-efficacy with the level of HbA1c among patients with T2DM in this study. We found older aged and retired patients to have better HbA1c levels.
Fulltext Seroprevalence, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention of Hepatitis C among municipal waste collectors in Penang Island, Malaysia

Surajudeen Abiola Abdulrahman, Siti Fatimah Kader Maideen, Fairuz Fadzilah Rahim, Abdul Rashid

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2019;4(1):47-57.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis C infection and the
level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention among municipal
waste collectors in Penang Island, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was
conducted among a convenient sample of 184 adult male municipal waste collectors in
Penang Island from January to May 2018. Respondents’ blood samples were obtained and
evaluated for antibodies to Hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), and questionnaires administered to
them to collect information on sociodemographic variables and knowledge, attitude and
practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention. The seroprevalence of Hepatitis C virus was
estimated, and the association between sociodemographic variables and respondents’ level
of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Hepatitis C prevention was explored using a
range of parametric and non-parametric statistical tests in SPSS version 23. Results were
considered significant at p
Fulltext Multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for diagnosis of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya infections

Zarina Mohd Zawawi, Tengku Rogayah Tengku Abdul Rashid, Amir Hussien Adiee, Murni Maya Sari, Ravindran Thayan

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):5-5.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are Arboviruses that are transmitted by the same vector, Aedes aegypti. Dengue has become a global problem since the Second World War and is common in more than 110 countries. In Malaysia, dengue is a major disease burden as total economic costs to the country as a result of dengue is close to RM1.05 billion in 2010 and estimated to rise to 1.3 billion by 2020. Apart from Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya are the other important mosquito borne diseases in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time assay for simultaneous detection of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in clinical specimens. Methods: The published singleplex protocols were used with key modifications to implement a triplex assay. A one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay was developed that can simultaneously detect RNA of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV with good performance for a routine diagnostic use. The assay was evaluated for inter- and intra-reproducibility by mean CT value. The diagnostic sensitivity was tested with 135 archived samples which had been defined positive or negative by routine singleplex assays. Whole blood, plasma and urines were used in this study. Results: Intra- and inter-reproducibility and sensitivity varied from 0.10% to 4.73% and from 0.45% to 5.98% for each virus respectively. The specificity of detection was 100%. The multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay showed concordance with test results performed by routine singleplex assays. No cross reaction was observed for any of the clinical samples. Conclusion: The development of a rapid, sensitive and specific molecular assay for DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV infections will produce a greater diagnostic capacity in our laboratory. This multiplex approach is cost effective and robust with the concurrent detection of 3 viruses of public health concern.
Fulltext Thermoluminescence dating of a Lembah Bujang structure

Rosli H. Mahat, Nur Maisarah Abdul Rashid, Mohd Jalaluddin Jasman, Zulkifli Jaafar

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2010;2010(2):66-68.
MyJurnal

The Lembah Bujang archeological complex near Sungai Petani, Kedah consists of various structures constructed at different times and spread over a wide area. This paper reports on the thermoluminescence (TL) dating of one of these structures. The structure was found to be 350 ± 90 yrs old. This is very young as compared with other structures that are from the 4th to the 16th centuries. This structure is suspected to be remnant of a Muslim Mosque whereas the other structures were Hindu and Buddist temples.
Fulltext Optimization of food waste utilization in the RDF recovery energy facility

Abdul Rashid, Z., Alias, A.B., Ku Hamid, K.H., Wan Abdul, K. G.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(101):37-43.
MyJurnal

It is well known that there is a significant increased in the quantity of Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW) generated every year. Therefore, the management of MSW must be handled carefully
by experts. Malaysia as one of the developing country with population nearly 30 millions
also facing problems related to MSW management and this issue is quite critical. Even though
various programmes were established and few model technologies were introduced by the
government to manage MSW effectively, but the impact remain unsatisfaction. For example,
the energy facility recovery project which use MSW gathered around Kajang as an alternative
fuel still not successful to provide energy according to the design capacity of that particular
facility. This failure was observed due to the impact composition of MSW collected which
consists huge amount of food waste (57%), 16% plastic, 15% diaper, 9% mixed papers and
the remaining 3% textile. The existing process technology at Refused Derived Fuel (RDF)
facility is no designed to create a new economic benefit from abundant incoming food waste
to the facility. Therefore in this paper, the analysis and suggestion of technology on existing
RDF recovery energy facility will be discussed especially on how to overcome the abundant
composition of food waste.
Fulltext Geospatial Water Productivity Index (WPI) for rice

Md Rowshon Kamal, Mohd Amin Mohd Soom, Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2012;20(2):381-399.
MyJurnal

A GIS-based user-interface programme was developed to compute the geospatial Water ProductivityIndex (WPI) of a river-fed rice irrigation scheme in Northwest Selangor, Malaysia. The spatial analysisincludes irrigation blocks with sizes ranging from 20 to 300 ha. The amount of daily water use for eachirrigation block was determined using irrigation delivery model and stored in the database for both mainseason (August to December) and off season (February to May). After cut-off of the irrigation supply,a sub-module was used to compute the total water use including rainfall for each irrigation block. Therice yield data for both seasons were obtained from DOA (Department of Agriculture, Malaysia) of thescheme. Then, the Water Productivity Index (WPI) was computed for each irrigation block and spatialthematic map was also generated. ArcObjects and Visual Basic Application (VBA) programminglanguages were used to structure user-interface in the ArcGIS software. The WPI, expressed in termsof crop yield per unit amount of water used (irrigation and effective rainfall), ranged from 0.02 to 0.57kg/m3 in the main season and 0.02 to 0.40 in off season among irrigation blocks, respectively. Thedevelopment of the overall system and the procedure are illustrated using the data obtained from thestudy area. The approach could be used to depict the gaps between the existing and appropriate watermanagement practices. Suitable interventions could be made to fill the gaps and enhance water useefficiency at the field level and also help in saving irrigation water through remedial measures in theseason. The approach could be useful for irrigation managers to rectify and enhance decision-makingin both the management and operation of the next irrigation season.

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