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Standard CYP2D6 genotyping procedures fail for the CYP2D6*5 and duplication alleles when hair roots are used as a source of DNA

Gan SH, Ismail R, Wan Adnan WA, Wan Z

Clin Chim Acta, 2003 Mar;329(1-2):61-8.
PMID: 12589966 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00019-6

BACKGROUND: Hair roots provide a useful alternative to blood as a source of DNA for genotyping. Besides simple and non-invasive collections, the DNA extraction step is also easy to perform and is fast. The aim of our study is to determine if hair roots can be used to genotype all of the common CYP2D6 alleles for routine screening purposes.

METHOD: The study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. After obtaining informed consents, both blood and hair samples were collected from 92 patients for genotyping of the CYP2D6 gene. PCR was used to detect the following mutations: CYP2D6*1, *3, *4, *5, *9, *10, *17 and duplication gene. The results were compared where hair roots and blood were used as templates for DNA respectively.

RESULTS: When blood was used as a source of DNA for genotyping, all of the investigated CYP2D6 alleles were successfully amplified. However, with hair roots, the genes with the larger fragment sizes: CYP2D6*5 and the duplication gene could not be amplified and the bands of other alleles investigated were faint when visualized under UV light.

CONCLUSIONS: DNA extraction from hair roots and leucocytes yielded similar results but the DNA extracted from hair roots did not allow successful amplification of the longer genes such as the CYP2D6*5 and the duplication gene.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair/chemistry*
Determination of hair nicotine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Man CN, Ismail S, Harn GL, Lajis R, Awang R

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2009 Jan 15;877(3):339-42.
PMID: 19109080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.014

Hair nicotine is a known biomarker for monitoring long-term environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and smoking status. In general, hair nicotine assay involves alkaline digestion, extraction and instrumental analysis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assay currently developed has shown to be of high throughput with average approximately 100 hair samples being extracted and analyzed per day. This was achieved through simplified extraction procedure and shortened GC analysis time. The extraction was improved by using small volume (0.4 mL) of organic solvent that does not require further evaporation and salting steps prior to GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the amount of hair utilized in the extraction was very little (5 mg) while the sensitivity and selectivity of the assay is equal, if not better than other established methods. The linearity of the assay (r(2)>0.995), limit of quantitation (0.04 ng/mg hair), within- and between-assays accuracies and precisions (<11.4%) and mean recovery (92.6%) were within the acceptable range.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair/chemistry*
Fulltext Potentially toxic elements in human scalp hair around China's largest polymetallic rare earth ore mining and smelting area

Dai L, Deng L, Wang W, Li Y, Wang L, Liang T, et al.

Environ Int, 2023 Feb;172:107775.
PMID: 36739854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107775

There is a growing concern about human health of residents living in areas where mining and smelting occur. In order to understand the exposure to the potentially toxic elements (PTEs), we here identify and examine the cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in scalp hair of residents living in the mining area (Bayan Obo, n = 76), smelting area (Baotou, n = 57) and a reference area (Hohhot, n = 61). In total, 194 hair samples were collected from the volunteers (men = 87, women = 107) aged 5-77 years old in the three areas. Comparing median PTEs levels between the young and adults, Ni levels were significantly higher in adults living in the smelting area while Cr was highest in adults from the mining area, no significant difference was found for any of the elements in the reference area. From the linear regression model, no significant relationship between PTEs concentration, log10(PTEs), and age was found. The concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in hair were significantly lower in the reference area when compared to both mining and smelting areas. In addition, Cu was significantly higher in the mining area when compared to the smelting area. Factor analysis (FA) indicated that men and women from the smelting area (Baotou) and mining area (Bayan Obo), respectively, had different underlying communality of log10(PTEs), suggesting different sources of these PTEs. Multiple factor analysis quantilized the importance of gender and location when combined with PTEs levels in human hair. The results of this study indicate that people living in mining and/or smelting areas have significantly higher PTEs (Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb) hair levels compared to reference areas, which may cause adverse health effects. Remediation should therefore be implemented to improve the health of local residents in the mining and smelting areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair/chemistry
Fulltext Higher hair nicotine level in children compared to mother living with smoking father in Malaysia

Mohamed NN, Loy SL, Man CN, Al-Mamun A, Jan Mohamed HJ

Environ Health Prev Med, 2016 Nov;21(6):572-578.
PMID: 27770244

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to determine parental and children's hair nicotine levels, their relationships as well as to investigate the association of smoking status of the fathers with mothers' and children's hair nicotine.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 124 families who were participants of the Universiti Sains Malaysia Pregnancy Cohort Study. Both parents with their 2 years old children joined this study. A total of 92 hair samples of fathers, 124 hair samples of mothers and 111 hair samples of children were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
RESULTS: Of total, 52.4 % of the fathers reported smoking. None of the mothers were smokers. Hair nicotine levels of fathers were found to be significantly correlated with mothers (r = 0.233, p = 0.026) and children (r = 0.508, p hair nicotine level compared to the children of non-smoking fathers (6.08 vs 0.22 ng/mg, p = 0.046). However, this association was not seen in the mothers. Quantile regression showed significant association between fathers' and children's hair nicotine.
CONCLUSION: There is a positive relationship between fathers' hair nicotine with mother's and children's hair nicotine. Living with smoking fathers can contribute to higher hair nicotine levels in children but not in mothers.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair/chemistry
Preparation and characterization of dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers coated with stearic acid-chitosan oligomer for topical delivery

Noor NM, Sheikh K, Somavarapu S, Taylor KMG

Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2017 Aug;117:372-384.
PMID: 28412472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.012

Dutasteride, used for treating benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), promotes hair growth. To enhance delivery to the hair follicles and reduce systemic effects, in this study dutasteride has been formulated for topical application, in a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) coated with chitosan oligomer-stearic acid (CSO-SA). CSO-SA has been successfully synthesized, as confirmed using1H NMR and FTIR. Formulation of dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DST-NLCs) was optimized using a 23full factorial design. This formulation was coated with different concentrations of stearic acid-chitosan solution. Coating DST-NLCs with 5% SA-CSO increased mean size from 187.6±7.0nm to 220.1±11.9nm, and modified surface charge, with zeta potentials being -18.3±0.9mV and +25.8±1.1mV for uncoated and coated DST-NLCs respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed all formulations comprised approximately spherical particles. DST-NLCs, coated and uncoated with CSO-SA, exhibited particle size stability over 60days, when stored at 4-8°C. However, NLCs coated with CSO (without conjugation) showed aggregation when stored at 4-8°C after 30days. The measured particle size for all formulations stored at 25°C suggested aggregation, which was greatest for DST-NLCs coated with 10% CSO-SA and 5% CSO. All nanoparticle formulations exhibited rapid release in an in vitro release study, with uncoated NLCs exhibiting the fastest release rate. Using a Franz diffusion cell, no dutasteride permeated through pig ear skin after 48h, such that it was not detected in the receptor chamber for all samples. The amount of dutasteride in the skin was significantly different (p<0.05) for DST-NLCs (6.09±1.09μg/cm2) without coating and those coated with 5% CSO-SA (2.82±0.40μg/cm2), 10% CSO-SA (2.70±0.35μg/cm2) and CSO (2.11±0.64μg/cm2). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the cytotoxicity (IC50) between dutasteride alone and in the nanoparticles. DST-NLCs coated and uncoated with CSO-SA increased the maximum non-toxic concentration by 20-fold compared to dutasteride alone. These studies indicate that a stearic acid-chitosan conjugate was successfully prepared, and modified the surface charge of DST-NLCs from negative to positive. These stable, less cytotoxic, positively-charged dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, with stearic acid-chitosan oligomer conjugate, are appropriate for topical delivery and have potential for promotion of hair growth.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle/drug effects; Hair Follicle/metabolism
Fulltext Beauty Or Health? A Personal View

Riji HM

Malays Fam Physician, 2006;1(1):42-4.
PMID: 26998213 MyJurnal

This paper deals with the question of beauty and health in women. It discusses changing definitions of beauty as a result of influences from the entertainment, beauty and health product industries. Advertisements are seen to be major players in defining beauty through promotion of cosmetic, skin, hair and slimming products. Concerns relating to beauty become inculcated in girls through the process of socialisation as they mature into womanhood. The media plays a significant role in portraying the meaning of beauty through its representation of women. These influences largely influence and alter women's perceptions of their body image and in trying to meet the goals of beauty as represented by the media. This may result in dissatisfaction with their body image. Advertisements can encourage women to indulge in smoking as a fashionable trend or opt for plastic surgery in attempts to acquire beauty. This paper concludes with implications of the issues relating to changing perceptions of beauty and suggests recommendations.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Novel mutations in SKIV2L and TTC37 genes in Malaysian children with trichohepatoenteric syndrome

Lee WS, Teo KM, Ng RT, Chong SY, Kee BP, Chua KH

Gene, 2016 Jul 15;586(1):1-6.
PMID: 27050310 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.049

Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is classically associated with intractable diarrhea with an onset within the first few months of life. Herein, we investigated and reported novel mutations in two causal genes in 3 Malaysian cases. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood obtained from patients in two Malaysian Chinese families. The exons of SKIV2L and TTC37 genes were amplified and sequenced by bi-directional sequencing to identify the point mutations within the coding sequence. Three Chinese boys from two families with characteristic features and clinical course were diagnosed with THES. In family-1, two point mutations were identified in the SKIV2L gene (c.1891G>A and c.3187C>T). In family-2, a single-nucleotide duplication (c.3426dupA) was found in the TTC37 gene. These mutations cause the production of abnormal non-functional gene product leading to the clinical manifestations in the patients. We reported three point mutations, which have not been previously described in other patients with THES in SKIV2L and TTC37 genes, including one nonsense, one frameshift, and one missense mutations.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Diseases
A new histological score grade for deep partial-thickness burn wound healing process

Guo HF, Mohd Ali R, Abd Hamid R, Chang SK, Zainal Z, Khaza'ai H

Int J Burns Trauma, 2020;10(5):218-224.
PMID: 33224609

Burns are injuries on the skin or other tissues. Burns are divided into superficial, partial, and full-thickness, characterized by the depth of the affected tissues. Histological analysis is critical to assess the burn wound healing process. Thus, a systematic evaluation system is imperative for burn research. In the present study, a total of thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. Deep partial-thickness burn wound was induced on the dorsal part of the rats. Six animals from each group were sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st day post-burn, respectively. Half of the wound tissue was immediately fixed in buffered neutral formalin for hematoxylin & eosin staining. The healing of the epidermis was evaluated with scores ranging from 0 to 7 based on the state of crust on wound surface, the degree of epithelialization as well as the formation of rete ridges. Meanwhile, healing of the dermis was also evaluated with scores ranging from 0 to 7 according to the proportion of adipose cells, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, the state of collagen deposition as well as the formation of hair follicles. Furthermore, temporal changes of histological score of epidermis and dermis in the skin tissue with deep partial-thickness burn was evaluated. In conclusion, a new comprehensive system for assessing microscopic changes in the healing process of deep partial-thickness burn wound in hematoxylin & eosin staining slides was established, which simplified the scoring process and helped to obtain reproducible and accurate results in the burn study.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle
Fulltext Levels of Mercury in Fish-Eating Children, With and Without Amalgam Restoration

Padmakumar V, Premkala Raveendran K, Abdulla AM, Ganapathy S, Sainudeen S, Nasim VS, et al.

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2019 May;11(Suppl 2):S397-S401.
PMID: 31198376 DOI: 10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_44_19

Background: Mercury is a naturally occurring metal that exists in three forms: elemental (metallic), inorganic, and organic mercury. Amalgam, which is an alloy of inorganic mercury, is used as a restorative material in dentistry. Organic mercury gets ingested in the body mainly by the consumption of seafood. Mercury is also stated to cause various adverse health effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, dermatitis, muscle weakness, and neurological disorders. In recent years, the use of amalgam has become a controversy stating the various adverse effects of mercury. Hence, the study was conducted to determine and compare the variation in levels of organic and inorganic mercury in fish-eating children before and after placement of amalgam restoration.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-five subjects, 42 males (56%) and 35 females (44%) of age group ranging 7-13 years, living in South Canara district of Karnataka, India, were selected as a part of the study. Hair and urine samples were collected for estimation of organic and inorganic levels of mercury, respectively. Informed consent was collected from all the participating subjects.
Results: On comparison between organic and inorganic mercury levels during the study period, the concentration of organic mercury in hair samples was greater irrespective of amalgam restorations present (1.172 and 0.085, respectively; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Thus inorganic levels of mercury do not seem to pose a threat as much as the organic levels observed in hair, which remain fairly constant for a longer period of time. Hence in a coastal region where this study was undertaken and fish being a staple food, the risk could probably be attributed to more of an organic toxicity than an inorganic one. Thus amalgam is relatively safe to be practiced and the controversy against it should be reevaluated.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Fulltext Histological changes of immediate skin expansion of the distal limb of rats

Ali AK, Abubakar AA, Kaka U, Radzi Z, Khairuddin NH, Yusoff MSM, et al.

Vet World, 2018 Dec;11(12):1706-1711.
PMID: 30774262 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1706-1711

Aim: Tissue expansion is an applicable technique to reconstruct many surgical defects. The aim of this research was to evaluate the histological changes caused by immediate skin tissue expansion in rats as an animal model.
Materials and Methods: Immediate skin tissue expansion in 18 adult female rats was performed using three different sizes (small, medium, and big) of polymethylmethacrylate tissue expanders at the dorsal surface of the metatarsal area of the right limb. The contralateral limb was served as the control. The tissue expanders were surgically implanted and kept for 15 days.
Results: The immediate skin expansion resulted in histological changes such as the increased thickness of the epidermal layer, the reduction of the dermal layer, an elevated number of fibroblast as well as increased vascularity. Furthermore, skin adnexal structures such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands were farther apart.
Conclusion: The rat skin was able to rapidly adjust and compensate against a specific range of immediate mechanical expansion. The histological changes suggest that the tissues were prepared to withstand the increased external forces, in addition to create possibly additional skin in a relatively short-term period.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle
Fulltext Voyeurism with sexual fantasy on female body parts: a subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Sidi H, Midin M

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;17(1):94-99.

The compulsive behaviour of observing an unsuspecting person undressing or being naked in voyeurism may be related to Obsessive-Compulsive spectrum disorder. The aim of this paper is to report a case that reiterates a unique psychopathology of a Malaysian male voyeur with an obsession on female body parts. This 35 year-old voyeur man who attended psychiatric outpatient clinic in an academic medical centre presented to a psychiatrist for taking photos of his sisters' naked bodies and collected nails and hairs from their body, coded them with intend for masturbation. His voyeuristic thoughts and urges which came repeatedly and intrusively, involving attempts to resist them and was associated with an inner tension for the urges to be fulfilled. He responded both to Paroxetine and behaviour therapy. The possibility that voyeurism, a paraphilia can manifest itself as a subtype of OCD is discussed. Keywords: Malaysian voyeur, obsession-compulsive spectrum disorder, body parts

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Fulltext Metallic hair pin aspiration into the left tertiary bronchus

Noh, K.B., Salim, R., Abdullah, M.S., Mohamad, I.

Malaysian Family Physician, 2018;13(2):36-38.
MyJurnal

Foreign body aspiration is commonly described in infants and children. However, recently, a new
high-risk group was identified among young women, especially those from the Muslim population
who wear the traditional hair scarf. This is due to the habit of holding the scarf pin in between the
lips to free hands to adjust the scarf more easily. Talking, laughing, or coughing while fixing the
scarf may result in inadvertent inhalation of the pin into the tracheobronchial tree. We present a
case of scarf pin inhalation and the challenges encountered in managing this patient during the
successful removal of the pin via flexible bronchoscopy under fluoroscopy guidance. This particular
case was technically challenging for us as the sharp tip of the needle was pointing upward and
piercing the bronchial mucosa.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Fulltext Phytochemicals screening and total phenolic content of Malaysian Zea mays hair extracts

Solihah, M.A., Wan Rosli, W.I., Nurhanan, A.R.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1533-1538.
MyJurnal

In the present study, Malaysian Zea mays hair extracts are screened for the occurrence of bioactive compounds. The results positively showed the present of flavonoids, saponin, tannins, phlobatannins, phenols, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides in both aqueous and methanolic extract of Zea mays hair. Terpenoid compounds however present only in the methanolic extract sample. In addition, the total phenolic content (TPC) in aqueous extract was significantly higher (42.71 + 0.87 µg/g of tannic acid equivalent (TAE)) compared to methanolic extract (40.38 + 1.10 µg/g of TAE). The findings suggested that phytochemicals present in Zea mays hair are potentially beneficial as therapeutic and antioxidative agents in pharmaceuticals, food and other related industries.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Fulltext Effects of freeze drying on retention of essential oils, changes in glandular trichomes of lemon balm leaves

Antal, T., Sikolya, L., Chong, C.H., Law, C.L.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(1):387-394.
MyJurnal

The effect of chamber pressure of a freeze dryer on essential oil contents, drying kinetics, drying characteristics lemon balm leaves and morphology of lemon balm glandular trichomes (oil reservoirs) were investigated. It was found that overall freeze drying (FD) carried out at high (FD-HP) and low pressure (FD-LP) settings consist of sublimation rate, first falling rate and second falling rate periods. Drying rate of FD-LP dried Lemon Balm leaves are higher than FD-HP dried samples, where the drying rates ranged from 0.063 to 0.449 g H2O/ g DM. s and 0.0365 to 0.395 g H2O/ g DM. s, respectively. 3rd order Polynomial model was found to be the best fit model for both drying kinetics. In terms of product quality, eight (8) major constituents of lemon balm leaves essential oil were quantified. Further to this, electro-microscope was used to observe the peltate glandular hairs structure. Product quality analysis showed that FD-HP retained higher amount of essential oil, shape of glandular hairs, but no positive effect on the freeze drying duration.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Fulltext Multiple concurrent primary extramammary Paget's disease

Leelavathi M, Norazirah MN, Nur Amirah AP

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(1):18-21.
PMID: 28461844

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant disorder of the skin, which was described in as early as the nineteenth century. EMPD usually occurs as a single lesion in the apocrine sweat gland-bearing skin with abundant hair follicles. Here, we present an elderly man who suffered from a non-resolving chronic genital pruritus for 8 months. Initially, he was managed for recurrent fungal infection and eczema. Later, a diagnosis of the rare condition multiple primary EMPD was made based on the histopathology findings and appropriate treatment was given.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle
A novel molecular and chromosomal lineage of the anthropophilic Simulium (Simulium) rufibasis subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Taiwan

Low VL, Takaoka H, Adler PH, Tan TK, Weng FC, Chen CY, et al.

Parasitol Res, 2018 Oct;117(10):3137-3143.
PMID: 30006809 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6011-7

The Simulium rufibasis subgroup is one of three subgroups of the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species-group; it is characterized by a pair of clustered stout hairs on the ventral surface of female abdominal segment 7. A member of the S. rufibasis subgroup in Taiwan was investigated morphologically and genetically using the universal cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding gene and polytene chromosomal banding pattern. The Taiwanese material is morphologically similar to S. rosliramlii Takaoka & Chen from Vietnam and represents the second species of the S. rufibasis subgroup known from Taiwan. It also represents a novel molecular lineage that is distinct from three other primary lineages identified as S. doipuiense, S. doipuiense/S. rufibasis, and S. weji previously reported from Thailand. The mitochondrial evidence for a distinct lineage in Taiwan is supported by chromosomal analysis, which revealed unique sex chromosomes. For nomenclatural stability, we associate the name S. arisanum Shiraki with the Taiwanese entity. Originally described from females from Taiwan, S. arisanum until now has remained an enigmatic species.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Fulltext Metallic hair pin aspiration into the left tertiary bronchus

Noh KB, Salim R, Abdullah MS, Mohamad I

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(2):36-38.
PMID: 30302183

Foreign body aspiration is commonly described in infants and children. However, recently, a new high-risk group was identified among young women, especially those from the Muslim population who wear the traditional hair scarf. This is due to the habit of holding the scarf pin in between the lips to free hands to adjust the scarf more easily. Talking, laughing, or coughing while fixing the scarf may result in inadvertent inhalation of the pin into the tracheobronchial tree. We present a case of scarf pin inhalation and the challenges encountered in managing this patient during the successful removal of the pin via flexible bronchoscopy under fluoroscopy guidance. This particular case was technically challenging for us as the sharp tip of the needle was pointing upward and piercing the bronchial mucosa.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Dermatomycoses in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Tzar M, Zetti Z, Ramliza R, Sharifah A, Leelavathi M

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1737-1742.

Prevalence of dermatomycoses varies from one centre to another due to many factors. Knowledge of local prevalence is useful to aid clinical diagnosis and treatment. Due to lack of data in Malaysia, this study aimed to look at the causes of dermatomycoses in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dermatological specimens including skin scrapings, hair and nail clippings were collected carefully from clinically suspected cases of dermatomycoses between 2008 and 2010. All cultures of skin, hair and nails that yielded positive fungal growth were included. Any fungal growth outside the streaking area, duplicate and incomplete data were excluded from the study. Three-hundred-fifty-eight patients were included. Male patients were slightly more than females with a ratio of 1.2:1. The median age was 53 years old with interquartile range of 38-64 years. More than half (53.6%) belonged to 20-60 years age group. Rates of culture isolation were 89.0% for nails, 56.2% for hair and 55.6% for skin. Five-hundred-twenty-two fungi were isolated from 358 clinical specimens. Non-dermatophyte moulds (NDMs) represented the largest group (50.5%; mainly Aspergillus species 18.7%), followed by yeasts (41.6%; mainly Candida species 26.8%) and dermatophytes (7.9%; mainly Trichophyton species 7.7%). In conclusion, NDMs and yeasts were more commonly isolated than dermatophytes from dermatological specimens in this centre. Current treatment regime that focuses on dermatophytes may be ineffective to treat dermatomycoses caused by NDMs or yeasts. Antifungal susceptibility study may be needed to guide therapy in recalcitrant cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Fulltext Hair Thread Tourniquet Syndrome in an Infant: Emergency Exploration Saves Limbs

Kesu Belani L, Leong JF, Narin Singh PSG, Abdullah S

Cureus, 2019 Dec 13;11(12):e6377.
PMID: 31938655 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6377

Hair thread tourniquet syndrome (HTTS) is a rare condition where fibres constrict around appendages causing ischaemia and necrosis. It is a sporadically reported condition, where almost all reported cases showed involvement of fingers, toes or genitalia. A significant number of the cases are infants aged two weeks to six months where it is attributed to the mother's excessive hair fall due to hormonal changes after delivery. We present a two-month-old infant who was irritable for the past two days with her left ring finger exhibiting an ischaemic constriction with no apparent insulting agent. She successfully treated surgically after we suspected an incomplete removal of hair thread in the emergency department. We would like to highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion in cases as such as early intervention saves the appendage.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair
Fulltext Preauricular Pilomatricoma Manifesting as an Aggressive Mass

Tang PP, Kalimuthu S, Mokhtar SM, Wahab SA

Oman Med J, 2019 Mar;34(2):160-163.
PMID: 30918611 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.29

Pilomatricoma is an uncommon benign skin tumor arising from the hair follicle. It usually occurs in the head and neck region and is typically found in the pediatric age group particularly girls. The tumor has inconsistent clinical features and may manifest as a small superficial lesion with benign features or a large and seemingly aggressive lesion with local invasion. Due to its variable clinical presentations, it can occasionally be misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor. We encountered a case of pilomatricoma in a 12-year-old girl with a left preauricular swelling for two years, which became progressively larger and more painful in the few weeks before presentation. Clinically, the swelling resembled a malignant parotid tumor. Multiple fine-needle aspirations were performed, but the cytology results were all inconclusive. Subsequent computed tomography scan revealed a well-defined calcified subcutaneous mass with suspicious parotid involvement. The case was posted for tumor excision and superficial parotidectomy. Intraoperatively, however, the mass could be easily separated from the parotid gland. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen showed characteristic ghost cells, basophilic cells, and ossifications typical of pilomatricoma. In conclusion, preauricular pilomatricoma may pose a diagnostic dilemma. A heightened knowledge of the disease is needed for early recognition of its clinical and imaging features to prevent aggressive therapy than is required.

Matched MeSH terms: Hair Follicle

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