Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 319 in total

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  1. Socioeconomic consequences of the 2004 tsunami: policy implications for natural disaster management
    Su TT, Saimy BI, Bulgiba AM
    Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S74-6.
    PMID: 23313790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.024
    The objective of the study is to assess the socioeconomic status of the households affected by the tsunami of 2004 & to determine the factors associated with the recovery of household economic status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income/statistics & numerical data
  2. Physical activity and depression: a large cross-sectional, population-based study across 36 low- and middle-income countries
    Stubbs B, Koyanagi A, Schuch FB, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Veronese N, et al.
    Acta Psychiatr Scand, 2016 12;134(6):546-556.
    PMID: 27704532 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12654
    OBJECTIVE: Physical activity (PA) is good for health, yet several small-scale studies have suggested that depression is associated with low PA. A paucity of nationally representative studies investigating this relationship exists, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study explored the global association of PA with depression and its mediating factors.
    METHOD: Participants from 36 LMICs from the World Health Survey were included. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken exploring the relationship between PA and depression.
    RESULTS: Across 178 867 people (mean ± SD age = 36.2 ± 13.5 years; 49.9% male), the prevalence of depression and the prevalence of low PA were 6.6% and 16.8% respectively. The prevalence of low PA was significantly higher among those with depression vs. no depression (26.0% vs. 15.8%, P < 0.0001). In the adjusted model, depression was associated with higher odds for low PA (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.24-1.63). Mediation analyses demonstrated that low PA among people with depression was explained by mobility limitations (40.3%), pain and discomfort (35.8%), disruptions in sleep and energy (25.2%), cognition (19.4%) and vision (10.9%).
    CONCLUSION: Individuals with depression engage in lower levels of PA in LMICs. Future longitudinal research is warranted to better understand the relationships observed.
    Study name: World Health Survey (Malaysia is a study site)
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  3. Fulltext Improving access to affordable quality-assured inhaled medicines in low- and middle-income countries
    Stolbrink M, Chinouya MJ, Jayasooriya S, Nightingale R, Evans-Hill L, Allan K, et al.
    Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2022 Nov 01;26(11):1023-1032.
    PMID: 36281039 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0270
    BACKGROUND: Access to affordable inhaled medicines for chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) is severely limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing avoidable morbidity and mortality. The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease convened a stakeholder meeting on this topic in February 2022.METHODS: Focused group discussions were informed by literature and presentations summarising experiences of obtaining inhaled medicines in LMICs. The virtual meeting was moderated using a topic guide around barriers and solutions to improve access. The thematic framework approach was used for analysis.RESULTS: A total of 58 key stakeholders, including patients, healthcare practitioners, members of national and international organisations, industry and WHO representatives attended the meeting. There were 20 pre-meeting material submissions. The main barriers identified were 1) low awareness of CRDs; 2) limited data on CRD burden and treatments in LMICs; 3) ineffective procurement and distribution networks; and 4) poor communication of the needs of people with CRDs. Solutions discussed were 1) generation of data to inform policy and practice; 2) capacity building; 3) improved procurement mechanisms; 4) strengthened advocacy practices; and 5) a World Health Assembly Resolution.CONCLUSION: There are opportunities to achieve improved access to affordable, quality-assured inhaled medicines in LMICs through coordinated, multi-stakeholder, collaborative efforts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  4. Fulltext Pathways to mental healthcare in high-income and low-income countries
    Sorketti EA, Zuraida NZ, Habil MH
    Int Psychiatry, 2013 May;10(2):45-47.
    PMID: 31507730
    Understanding the way in which people seek care for mental disorders is important for planning services, training and referral mechanisms. Pathways to care fall broadly into three categories: via primary care physicians; via native healers; and via patient choice (patients can have direct access to mental health professionals). The pattern and nature of access to service in low-income countries are different from those in high-income countries. In many societies, deep-seated cultural beliefs on the part of patients and families about the causes of mental disorders are a major barrier to the receipt of modern psychiatric care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  5. Fulltext A case study of green building in Malaysia: Cost saving analysis
    Soon, C.K., Zaini, Z., Mohd Ujang, A., Nagapan, S., Abdullah, A.H., Hasmori, M.F., et al.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(105):191-196.
    MyJurnal
    The building sector consumes about forty percent of world energy, making energy efficiency in existing buildings an important issue. This study has been undertaken to investigate energy consumption of a building that has been redesigned to incorporate energy efficient features. It was found that the introduction of energy efficient features has helped to achieve savings up to 46% of the total spent on energy particularly based on electricity bills.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  6. Natural gas consumption, income, urbanization, and CO2 emissions in China and India
    Solarin SA, Lean HH
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 Sep;23(18):18753-65.
    PMID: 27314422 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7063-9
    The objective of this study is to examine the impact of natural gas consumption, output, and urbanization on CO2 emission in China and India for the period, 1965-2013. A cointegraton test, which provides for endogenously determined structural breaks, has been applied to examine the long-run relationship and to investigate the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in the two countries. The presence of causal relationship between the variables is also investigated. The findings show that there is a long-run relationship in the variables and natural gas, real GDP, and urbanization have long-run positive impact on emission in both countries. There is no evidence for EKC in China and India. The findings further suggest that there is a long-run feedback relationship between the variables. The policy inferences of these findings are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income*
  7. Labor markets and economic development in Malaysia
    Smith JP
    Res Popul Econ, 1991;7:131-56.
    PMID: 12317026
    Matched MeSH terms: Income*
  8. Fulltext Sociodemographic factors of mental health literacy among housewives living in low cost apartments in Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia
    Siti Nor Amirah M.H., Husna H., Muhamad Afnan A., Suriani I., Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq M.N.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):121-125.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Evaluation of mental health literacy is important in assisting the development of intervention and policies toward preventing mental health problems. This study aims to explore mental health literacy and its socio- demographic predictors in a group of housewives living in low-cost apartments in Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: A Malay version of the self-administered Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) was used in this cross-sectional study. Age, ethnicity, religion, educational level and family income were tested using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. Result: A total of 103 eligible respondents participated in the study. Most respondents were from the age group of 30 and above, from the Malay ethnic group, Muslims, had formal education up to secondary level with a monthly family income below RM4000 (USD980). The overall mean (sd) mental health literacy score was low 106.65 (11.21) and was significantly associated with ethnicity, religion, educational level and family income (p>0.05). Conclusion: Mental health literacy scores were low and showed variations within sociodemographic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  9. Fulltext Standard versus real versus fake braces: an elemental composition analysis
    Siti Hajjar Nasir, Noraini Abu Bakar, Rosdiyana Samad
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):12-12.
    MyJurnal
    Orthodontic fixed appliance is now considered as fashion accessory and a symbol of
    wealth. Due to overwhelming demand, 'fake' and 'real' braces services have been offered through
    social media by unqualified personnel using poor quality orthodontic brackets and cases of metal
    toxicity from using these type of braces has been reported. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  10. Validation of the Malay version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and the prevalence of dental anxiety in a Malaysian population
    Sitheeque M, Massoud M, Yahya S, Humphris G
    J Investig Clin Dent, 2015 Nov;6(4):313-20.
    PMID: 25045162 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12106
    The aims of the present study were to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Malay version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and to determine the prevalence of dental anxiety and associated factors in a Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  11. Fulltext The prevalence and factors associated with obesity among adult women in Selangor, Malaysia
    Sidik SM, Rampal L
    Asia Pac Fam Med, 2009 Apr 09;8(1):2.
    PMID: 19358728 DOI: 10.1186/1447-056X-8-2
    INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity in developing countries especially among women is on the rise. This matter should be taken seriously because it can burden the health care systems and lower the quality of life.

    AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity among adult women in Selangor and to determine factors associated with obesity among these women.

    METHODS: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in Selangor in January 2004. Multi stage stratified proportionate to size sampling method was used. Women aged 20-59 years old were included in this study. Data was collected using a questionnaire-guided interview method. The questionnaire consisted of questions on socio-demographic (age, ethnicity, religion, education level, occupation, monthly income, marital status), Obstetric & Gynaecology history, body mass index (BMI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

    RESULTS: Out of 1032 women, 972 agreed to participate in this study, giving a response rate of 94.2%. The mean age was 37.91 +/- 10.91. The prevalence of obesity among the respondents was 16.7% (mean = 1.83 +/- 0.373). Obesity was found to be significantly associated with age (p = 0.013), ethnicity (p = 0.001), religion (p = 0.002), schooling (p = 0.020), educational level (p = 0.016), marital status (p = 0.001) and the history of suffering a miscarriage within the past 6 months (p = 0.023).

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of obesity among adult women in this study was high. This problem needs to be emphasized as the prevalence of obesity keeps increasing, and will continue to worsen unless appropriate preventive measures are taken.

    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  12. Fulltext Association between dietary patterns and overweight risk among Malaysian adults: evidence from nationally representative surveys
    Shyam S, Khor GL, Ambak R, Mahadir B, Hasnan M, Ambu S, et al.
    Public Health Nutr, 2020 Feb;23(2):319-328.
    PMID: 31397262 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019001861
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between dietary patterns (DP) and overweight risk in the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Surveys (MANS) of 2003 and 2014.

    DESIGN: DP were derived from the MANS FFQ using principal component analysis. The cross-sectional association of the derived DP with prevalence of overweight was analysed.

    SETTING: Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: Nationally representative sample of Malaysian adults from MANS (2003, n 6928; 2014, n 3000).

    RESULTS: Three major DP were identified for both years. These were 'Traditional' (fish, eggs, local cakes), 'Western' (fast foods, meat, carbonated beverages) and 'Mixed' (ready-to-eat cereals, bread, vegetables). A fourth DP was generated in 2003, 'Flatbread & Beverages' (flatbread, creamer, malted beverages), and 2014, 'Noodles & Meat' (noodles, meat, eggs). These DP accounted for 25·6 and 26·6 % of DP variations in 2003 and 2014, respectively. For both years, Traditional DP was significantly associated with rural households, lower income, men and Malay ethnicity, while Western DP was associated with younger age and higher income. Mixed DP was positively associated with women and higher income. None of the DP showed positive association with overweight risk, except for reduced adjusted odds of overweight with adherence to Traditional DP in 2003.

    CONCLUSIONS: Overweight could not be attributed to adherence to a single dietary pattern among Malaysian adults. This may be due to the constantly morphing dietary landscape in Malaysia, especially in urban areas, given the ease of availability and relative affordability of multi-ethnic and international foods. Timely surveys are recommended to monitor implications of these changes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  13. Factors associated with obesity: a case-control study of young adult Singaporean males
    Shi H, Jiang B, Wei Sim JD, Chum ZZ, Ali NB, Toh MH
    Mil Med, 2014 Oct;179(10):1158-65.
    PMID: 25269135 DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00064
    A case-control study among Singapore Armed Forces' newly enlisted Servicemen was conducted to examine factors associated with male obesity. Four hundred and fifty-nine individuals from the Obese Basic Military Training program were selected as "cases" (average age: 19.5, body mass index: 30.4) and another 340 individuals were selected from the Normal Basic Military Training program as "controls" (average age: 19.3, body mass index: 21.4). Information such as family background, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle practices were captured using facilitator-led questionnaires. Several variables were significantly associated with obesity after adjustments for possible confounders. These include childhood obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06), less than an hour of exercise per day (OR = 2.97), Indian ethnicity (OR = 2.22), specific education backgrounds (especially that of Institute of Technical Education-OR = 2.75), father's employment at nonmanagerial/professional jobs (OR = 1.52), mother's employment at managerial/professional jobs (OR = 2.02), regular smoking (OR = 1.73) and alcohol consumption (OR = 2.26), 6 hours or less of sleep (OR = 3.73), obesity among family members (OR = 1.86 for mother; OR = 2.98 for siblings), parental history of diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.22 for father; OR = 2.70 for mother), and eating at inexpensive local food stalls (OR = 1.82). Our study found that a number of factors, ranging from personal and family backgrounds to lifestyle choices, were significantly associated with obesity among male youths.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  14. Obesity and household food insecurity: evidence from a sample of rural households in Malaysia
    Shariff ZM, Khor GL
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2005 Sep;59(9):1049-58.
    PMID: 16015271
    The study examined nutritional outcomes related to body fat accumulation of food insecurity among women from selected rural communities in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  15. Fulltext Household food insecurity and coping strategies in a poor rural community in Malaysia
    Shariff ZM, Khor GL
    Nutr Res Pract, 2008;2(1):26-34.
    PMID: 20126362 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2008.2.1.26
    This cross-sectional study assessed household food insecurity among low-income rural communities and examined its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as coping strategies to minimize food insecurity. Demographic, socioeconomic, expenditure and coping strategy data were collected from 200 women of poor households in a rural community in Malaysia. Households were categorized as either food secure (n=84) or food insecure (n=116) using the Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity instrument. T-test, Chi-square and logistic regression were utilized for comparison of factors between food secure and food insecure households and determination of factors associated with household food insecurity, respectively. More of the food insecure households were living below the poverty line, had a larger household size, more children and school-going children and mothers as housewives. As food insecure households had more school-going children, reducing expenditures on the children's education is an important strategy to reduce household expenditures. Borrowing money to buy foods, receiving foods from family members, relatives and neighbors and reducing the number of meals seemed to cushion the food insecure households from experiencing food insufficiency. Most of the food insecure households adopted the strategy on cooking whatever is available at home for their meals. The logistic regression model indicates that food insecure households were likely to have more children (OR=1.71; p<0.05) and non-working mothers (OR=6.15; p<0.05), did not own any land (OR=3.18; p<0.05) and adopted the strategy of food preparation based on whatever is available at their homes (OR=4.33; p<0.05). However, mothers who reported to borrow money to purchase food (OR=0.84; p<0.05) and households with higher incomes of fathers (OR=0.99; p<0.05) were more likely to be food secure. Understanding the factors that contribute to household food insecurity is imperative so that effective strategies could be developed and implemented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  16. Developing a Malaysian Osteoporosis Screening Tool (MOST) for early osteoporosis detection in Malaysian women
    Shan LP, Bee OF, Suniza SS, Adeeb N
    Sex Reprod Healthc, 2011 Apr;2(2):77-82.
    PMID: 21439525 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2010.11.004
    BACKGROUND: Osteoporotic fracture is a major health burden. Early diagnosis and management would improve the quality of life and reduce costs to the society.
    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify risk factors associated with osteoporosis followed by development and validation of a screening tool in the hope of providing an appropriate regime to detect low bone density (BMD) in Malaysia.
    METHODOLOGY: Between November 1999 and November 2002, 514 healthy women aged ≥ 45 with intact uterus, non-HRT users were recruited. Following BMD testing, a screening tool was developed. For validation, 72 women were recruited from June 2003 to December 2003.
    RESULTS: Age and a longer duration postmenopause were negatively linked to BMD. Higher family income, BMI, waist and hip circumference were positively correlated. A score of ≥ 4, the screening tool had a sensitivity of 73.2%, a specificity of 61.6% for identifying women with low BMD (T score ≤ -2) plus a sensitivity of 80.2% in selecting women with osteoporosis. The tool enabled a 45.9% reduction in unnecessary DEXA testing. Validation of the screening tool showed a negative predictive value of 97.8%, sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 70.3%, respectively.
    CONCLUSION: The Malaysian Osteoporosis Screening Tool (MOST) is relatively simple. Its usage may reduce unnecessary DEXA test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  17. Fulltext Can healthy life style predict successful aging among Iranian older adults?
    Shafiee M, Hazrati M, Motalebi SA, Gholamzade S, Ghaem H, Ashari A
    Med J Islam Repub Iran, 2020;34:139.
    PMID: 33437735 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.139
    Background: Successful aging is a prominent and worldwide theme in gerontology. However, until recently, only few studies were conducted about successful aging in Iran. This study examined whether a healthy lifestyle could predict successful aging among older Iranians. Methods: This cross sectional and descriptive study included 975 older Iranians who were selected through a multistage cluster-quota method from the health centers of Shiraz, Iran. A 5-part questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, the Seniors' Healthy Lifestyle, Barthel Index, the Diner Life Satisfaction and Quality of Life, was used to collect the data. A logistic regression analysis was used in data analysis; data were analyzed using SPSS 21; and significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: The prevalence of successful aging among older Iranians was calculated at 24.0%. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (95% CI = 1.129- 1.702 and OR = 1.352), gender (95% CI = 0.412-0.764 and OR = 0.687), education level (95% CI = 1.443 - 1.699 and OR = 1.454), job (95% CI = 1.063-1.413 and OR = 1.185), monthly income (95% CI = 1.355-4.055 and OR = 2.272), insurance (95% CI = 0.344-0.842 and OR = 0.540), source of income (95% CI = 1.014-1.298 and OR = 1.145), and healthy lifestyle (95% CI = 0.772 - 0.858 and OR = 0.814) were predictors for successful aging. Conclusion: Findings indicated that successful agers were mostly younger men, with higher education level and monthly income, who had insurance and a job and a healthy lifestyle. Thus, to age successfully, one must maintain and improve healthy lifestyle to prolong one's health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  18. Fulltext Willingness to pay for voluntary community-based health insurance: findings from an exploratory study in the state of Penang, Malaysia
    Shafie AA, Hassali MA
    Soc Sci Med, 2013 Nov;96:272-6.
    PMID: 23528670 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.045
    Health care in Malaysia is funded primarily through taxation and is no longer sustainable. One funding option is voluntary community-based health insurance (VCHI), which provides insurance coverage for those who are unable to benefit immediately from either a social or private health insurance plan. This study is performed to assess the willingness of Malaysians to participate in a VCHI plan. A cross-sectional study was performed in the state of Penang between August and mid-September 2009 with 472 randomly selected respondents. The respondents were first asked to select their preferred health financing plan from three plans (out-of-pocket payment, compulsory social health insurance and VCHI). The extent of the household's willingness to pay for the described VCHI plan was later assessed using the contingent valuation method in an ex-ante bidding game approach until the maximum amount they would be willing to pay to obtain such a service was agreed upon. Fifty-four per cent of the participants were female, with a mean age of 34 years (SD = 11.9), the majority of whom had a monthly income of Int$1157-2312. The results indicated that more than 63.1% of the respondents were willing to join and contribute an average of Int$114.38 per month per household towards VCHI. This amount was influenced by ethnicity, educational level, household monthly income, the presence of chronic disease and the presence of private insurance coverage (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Income/statistics & numerical data
  19. Feasibility study on small cars as an alternative to conventional fleets due to low occupancy: case study in Indonesia
    Setiyo M, Widodo EM, Rosyidi MI, Waluyo B, Pambuko ZB, Tamaldin N
    Heliyon, 2020 Jan;6(1):e03318.
    PMID: 32051877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03318
    Consumer interest in privately managed urban transport services in Indonesia are showing a declining trend. On the other hand, the presence of Transportation on Demand (ToD) based on Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted the majority of conventional fleet customers which contribute to the declining trend of occupancy. Therefore, this study aims to present a feasibility study of a small car RE60 Three Passenger and One Driver (3P+1D) four-wheeler as an alternative to replace conventional fleets. The Break-Even Point (BEP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP) are analyzed based on vehicle operating data. The analysis shows that there is an additional monthly income flow of IDR 1,533,122 and IDR 2,536,946 from RE60 operations compared to the high and low consumption of fuel from existing fleets, respectively. In conclusion, it is feasible to invest in small car RE60 as a replacement for the existing fleets since the fundamental indicators (BEP, NPV, IRR, and PP) showed positive results before the specified instalment period. Sensitivity analysis also shows good results, NPV shows positive results (>0) although the input conditions are made pessimistic to -30% from NPV base case. The BEP of RE60 will cut distance travelled at 190,670 km and 115,225 km, respectively. NPV of IDR 33,088,000 and IDR 80,841,000 will be obtained at the 60th month after the operation and IRR also enabled good scores, at 2.24% and 4.17%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
  20. Fulltext National income, self-reported wheezing and asthma diagnosis from the World Health Survey
    Sembajwe G, Cifuentes M, Tak SW, Kriebel D, Gore R, Punnett L
    Eur Respir J, 2010 Feb;35(2):279-86.
    PMID: 19741032 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00027509
    The aims of this study were to quantify and describe the variations in respiratory symptoms and diagnosis prevalence across regions of the world according to national income. In 2002 and 2003, the World Health Organization implemented the World Health Survey (WHS), which used a standardised survey instrument to compile comprehensive baseline information on health and healthcare expenditure. We analysed the WHS data to assess the global patterns of self-reported wheeze and doctor-diagnosed asthma, two commonly reported measures of respiratory health. In total there were 308,218 participants with complete records, from 64 countries. The weighted mean age of the survey population was 43 yrs. Global prevalence of current wheezing symptoms ranged from 2.4% in Vietnam to 24% in Brazil; the prevalence of diagnosed asthma ranged from 1.8% in Vietnam to 32.8% in Australia. Overall, the prevalence of symptoms and diagnosis showed a U-shaped pattern with the largest prevalence reported in low- and high-income countries. The smallest prevalence was consistently found in middle-income countries. These WHS analyses have provided global prevalence estimates of wheeze and doctor-diagnosed asthma using data gathered simultaneously and consistently across six continents. These findings support the need for continued global respiratory illness surveillance for disease prevention, health policy and management.
    Study name: World Health Survey (Malaysia is a study site)
    Matched MeSH terms: Income
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