Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 403 in total

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  1. Fulltext Livelihoods and Fisheries Governance in a Contemporary Pacific Island Setting
    Sulu RJ, Eriksson H, Schwarz AM, Andrew NL, Orirana G, Sukulu M, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(11):e0143516.
    PMID: 26599412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143516
    Inshore marine resources play an important role in the livelihoods of Pacific Island coastal communities. However, such reliance can be detrimental to inshore marine ecosystems. Understanding the livelihoods of coastal communities is important for devising relevant and effective fisheries management strategies. Semi-structured household interviews were conducted with householders in Langalanga Lagoon, Solomon Islands, to understand household livelihoods and resource governance in fishing-dependent communities. Households were engaged in a diverse range of livelihoods. Fishing, shell money production and gardening were the most important livelihoods. Proximity to an urban centre influenced how households accessed some livelihoods. Perceptions of management rules varied and different reasons were cited for why rules were broken, the most common reason being to meet livelihood needs. Current models of inshore small-scale fisheries management that are based on the notion of community-based resource management may not work in locations where customary management systems are weak and livelihoods are heavily reliant on marine resources. An important step for fisheries management in such locations should include elucidating community priorities through participatory development planning, taking into consideration livelihoods as well as governance and development aspirations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pacific Islands
  2. Primary health care: hope and challenges for public health in Maldives
    Sulaiman AI, Abu Bakar SH, Wahab HA
    J Community Health, 2014 Jun;39(3):627-31.
    PMID: 24488646 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-013-9809-3
    The government of Maldives considers that the enjoyment of the highest attainable level of health is a basic right of every citizen. Thus it lays emphasis on the accessibility and affordability of health care services. In order to achieve these objectives, it is very important to expand curative services as well as preventive services in the country. The major hurdles faced by the country are result of the inherent structural problem faced by the county which leads to sever diseconomies of scale in the provision of healthcare services. Community and individual involvement and self-reliance are very important to achieve Health for All by the Year 200 AD. Community participation is one of the domains of community capacity building in a small island country. It is one of the mechanisms to empower people to take part in community development. In this paper, the nature, the dimensions of community participation, and its role and scope in implementation of different components of primary health care have been described. The health services in public and curative care have been briefed. Some of the achievements in health sector have also been briefly presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands/epidemiology
  3. Fulltext Microbiological quality evaluation of goat milk collected from smallscale dairy farms in Penang Island, Malaysia
    Suguna, M., Rajeev Bhat, Wan Nadiah, W. A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):1241-1245.
    MyJurnal
    Microbiological qualities of fresh goat milk collected from two selected, popular dairy farms in Penang Island, Malaysia were evaluated, as a measure of food safety. Milk samples were screened for total plate counts, yeast and mould counts, psychrotrophic counts, Staphylococcus aureus, presumptive Escherichia coli, Coliforms and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which were in the range of (mean values) 4.2- 4.5, 4.2- 4.6, 3.1- 4.3, 2.7- 3.2, < 2- 4.6, 2.2- 4.0 and 4.1- 4.8 log CFU/ml, respectively in the two farms. Milk samples were also screened for the presence of selected foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. Results
    showed the presence of only Salmonella sp. (at 2.9 log CFU/ml) with the absence of Listeria monocytogenes. The outcome of this study assumes importance as the presence of microbial contaminants amounts indicates poor milk quality, which requires immediate consideration as it can pose serious health risk to consumers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  4. Fulltext Pittosporum peridoticola (Pittosporaceae), a new ultramafic obligate species restricted to Kinabalu Park (Sabah, Malaysia)
    Sugau JB, van der Ent A
    Bot Stud, 2015 Dec;57(1):4.
    PMID: 28510789 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0119-9
    BACKGROUND: Kinabalu Park, in Sabah (Malaysia) on Borneo Island, is renowned for the exceptionally high plant diversity it protects, with at least 5000 plant species enumerated to date. Discoveries of plant novelties continue to be made in Sabah, especially on isolated ultramafic outcrops, including in the genus Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) with P. linearifolium from Bukit Hampuan on the southern border of the Park, and P. silamense from Bukit Silam in Eastern Sabah, both narrow endemics restricted to ultramafic soils.

    RESULTS: A distinctive new species of Pittosporum (P. peridoticola J.B.Sugau and Ent, sp. nov.) was discovered on Mount Tambuyukon in the north of Kinabalu Park during ecological fieldwork. The diagnostic morphological characters of this taxon are discussed and information about the habitat in which it grows is provided. The soil chemistry in the rooting zone of P. peridoticola has high magnesium to calcium quotients, high extractable nickel and manganese concentrations, but low potassium and phosphorus concentrations, as is typical for ultramafic soils. Analysis of foliar samples of various Pittosporum-species originating from ultramafic and non-ultramafic soils showed a comparable foliar elemental stoichiometry that is suggestive of 'Excluder-type' ecophysiology.

    CONCLUSION: Pittosporum peridoticola is an ultramafic obligate species restricted to Kinabalu Park with only two known populations within the boundaries of the protected area. It is vulnerable to any future stochastic landscape disturbance events, such as forest fires or severe droughts, and therefore its conservation status is 'Near Threatened'.

    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  5. End compulsory drug treatment in the Asia-Pacific region
    Stoicescu C, Lataire Q, Peters K, Amon JJ, Kamarulzaman A, Ali R, et al.
    Lancet, 2022 01 29;399(10323):419-421.
    PMID: 35032436 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00003-4
    Matched MeSH terms: Pacific Islands
  6. Fulltext Single-molecule sequencing reveals the molecular basis of multidrug-resistance in ST772 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Steinig EJ, Andersson P, Harris SR, Sarovich DS, Manoharan A, Coupland P, et al.
    BMC Genomics, 2015;16:388.
    PMID: 25981586 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1599-9
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital-associated infection, but there is growing awareness of the emergence of multidrug-resistant lineages in community settings around the world. One such lineage is ST772-MRSA-V, which has disseminated globally and is increasingly prevalent in India. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of DAR4145, a strain of the ST772-MRSA-V lineage from India, and investigate its genomic characteristics in regards to antibiotic resistance and virulence factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genomic Islands
  7. Riegeriana, a new genus for Physopelta apicalis, and checklist of the genus Iphita (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae) with description of one new species
    Stehlík JL, Kment P
    Zootaxa, 2014;3860(2):167-83.
    PMID: 25283198 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3860.2.4
    Riegeriana gen. nov. is described to accommodate Physopelta apicalis Walker, 1873. A lectotype of Ph. apicalis is de-signated. Iphita fasciata Stehlík & Jindra, 2008, syn. nov., is recognized as a new junior subjective synonym of Riegeriana apicalis. In addition, Iphita lata sp. nov. is described from southern India and a check-list of the species of the genus Iphita Stål, 1873 is provided. The etymology of Iphita nigris Ahmad & Abbas, 1992 and the lectotype designation of Dindymellus coimbatorensis Distant, 1919 are discussed. The following new or confirmed country records are provided: Iphita coimbatorensis (Distant, 1919) from India (Karnataka, Orissa); I. dubia (Breddin, 1901) from Indonesia (Papua); I. limbata Stål, 1870 from Cambodia, China (Hainan), India (Arunachal Pradesh), Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan), Malaysia (Pahang: Tioman Island), and Vietnam; I. lycoides (Walker, 1873) from the Philippines (Panay Island). 
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  8. Fulltext Smoking and smokeless tobacco use in nine South and Southeast Asian countries: prevalence estimates and social determinants from Demographic and Health Surveys
    Sreeramareddy CT, Pradhan PM, Mir IA, Sin S
    Popul Health Metr, 2014;12:22.
    PMID: 25183954 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-014-0022-0
    BACKGROUND: In South and Southeast Asian countries, tobacco is consumed in diverse forms, and smoking among women is very low. We aimed to provide national estimates of prevalence and social determinants of smoking and smokeless tobacco use among men and women separately.
    METHODS: Data from Demographic and Health Surveys completed in nine countries (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, Philippines, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Timor Leste) were analyzed. Current smoking or smokeless tobacco use was assessed as response "yes" to one or more of three questions, such as "Do you currently smoke cigarettes?" Weighted country-level prevalence rates for socio-economic subgroups were calculated for smoking and smokeless tobacco use. Binary logistic regression analyses were done on STATA/IC (version 10) by 'svy' command.
    RESULTS: Prevalence and type of tobacco use among men and women varied across the countries and among socio-economic sub groups. Smoking prevalence was much lower in women than men in all countries. Smoking among men was very high in Indonesia, Maldives, and Bangladesh. Smokeless tobacco (mainly chewable) was used in diverse forms, particularly in India, among both men and women. Chewing tobacco was common in Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, and Cambodia. Both smoking and smokeless tobacco use were associated with higher age, lower education, and poverty, but their association with place of residence and marital status was not uniform between men and women across the countries.
    CONCLUSION: Policymakers should consider type of tobacco consumption and their differentials among various population subgroups to implement country-specific tobacco control policies and target the vulnerable groups. Smokeless tobacco use should also be prioritized in tobacco control efforts.
    KEYWORDS: Prevalence; Smokeless tobacco use; Smoking; Social determinants; South and Southeast Asia
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  9. A new species of Haliotrema (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae (sensu lato) Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1968) from holocentrids off Langkawi Island, Malaysia with notes on the phylogeny of related Haliotrema species
    Soo OYM
    Parasitol Int, 2019 Feb;68(1):31-39.
    PMID: 30244155 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.09.003
    Haliotrema susanae sp. nov. is described from the gills of the pinecone soldierfish, Myripristis murdjan off Langkawi Island, Malaysia. This species is differentiated from other Haliotrema species especially those from holocentrids in having a male copulatory organ with bract-like extensions at the initial of the copulatory tube, grooved dorsal anchors and ventral anchors with longer shafts. The maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on partial 28S rDNA sequences of H. susanae sp. nov. and 47 closely related monogeneans showed that H. susanae sp. nov. is recovered within a monophyletic clade consisting of only species from the genus Haliotrema. It is also observed that H. susanae sp. nov. forms a clade with H. cromileptis and H. epinepheli which coincides with a similar grouping by Young based on solely morphological characteristics. The morphological and molecular results validate the identity of H. susanae sp. nov. as belonging to the genus Haliotrema.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  10. The Travelling Particles: Investigating microplastics as possible transport vectors for multidrug resistant E. coli in the Weser estuary (Germany)
    Song J, Jongmans-Hochschulz E, Mauder N, Imirzalioglu C, Wichels A, Gerdts G
    Sci Total Environ, 2020 Jun 10;720:137603.
    PMID: 32143053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137603
    The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in aquatic environments has been a long withstanding health concern, namely extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli. Given increasing reports on microplastic (MP) pollution in these environments, it has become crucial to better understand the role of MP particles as transport vectors for such multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, an incubation experiment was designed where particles of both synthetic and natural material (HDPE, tyre wear, and wood) were sequentially incubated at multiple sites along a salinity gradient from the Lower Weser estuary (Germany) to the offshore island Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). Following each incubation period, particle biofilms and water samples were assessed for ESBL-producing E. coli, first by the enrichment and detection of E. coli using Fluorocult® LMX Broth followed by cultivation on CHROMAgar™ ESBL media to select for ESBL-producers. Results showed that general E. coli populations were present on the surfaces of wood particles across all sites but none were found to produce ESBLs. Additionally, neither HDPE nor tyre wear particles were found to harbour any E. coli. Conversely, ESBL-producing E. coli were present in surrounding waters from all sites, 64% of which conferred resistances against up to 3 other antibiotic groups, additional to the beta-lactam resistances intrinsic to ESBL-producers. This study provides a first look into the potential of MP to harbour and transport multidrug-resistant E. coli across different environments and the approach serves as an important precursor to further studies on other potentially harmful MP-colonizing species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  11. Fulltext Data on phytoplankton abundance in Malacca Straits, west coast of Peninsular Malaysia in August 2019
    Sohaimi ES, Md Amin R, Sahibu A, Mohd Akhir MF
    Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106893.
    PMID: 33718548 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106893
    In this article, the abundance of phytoplankton community structure in Malacca Straits (MS); from Port Klang to Langkawi Island are reported. The datasets include data from 25 selected sampling sites that were acquired in August 2019 on board the RV Discovery's cruise expedition. These data contain details on the density of phytoplankton (cell L-1), total number of species, volume seawater filtered (in L) and the concentration factors (ml) in MS. Data presented in this article consists of 163 species, including unidentified species from 6 phyla of phytoplankton, along with the percentage of a major community group in MS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  12. Fulltext Prolonged clinical course of muscular sarcocystosis and effectiveness of cotrimoxazole among travelers to Tioman Island, Malaysia, 2011-2014
    Slesak G, Schäfer J, Langeheinecke A, Tappe D
    Clin Infect Dis, 2015 Jan 15;60(2):329.
    PMID: 25301217 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu791
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands*
  13. The relationship between migration and development in the ESCAP region
    Skeldon R
    Popul Res Leads, 1991.
    PMID: 12317488
    Matched MeSH terms: Pacific Islands
  14. Health technology assessment in the Asia Pacific region
    Sivalal S
    Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 2009 Jul;25 Suppl 1:196-201.
    PMID: 19534841 DOI: 10.1017/S0266462309090631
    Although health technology assessment (HTA) has been well established in all developed countries, it has not found a firm footing in many developing countries. This is especially true of the Asia Pacific region, which has much of the world population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pacific Islands
  15. Fulltext A survey of the marine intertidal macrogastropoda in the Northern Straits of Malacca
    Siti-Balkhis, A.B., Yaman, I.C., Siti-Hasmah, I., Khalil, M.Z., Muhammad-Shukri, M.Y., Zulfigar, Y., et al.
    ASM Science Journal, 2014;8(2):159-164.
    MyJurnal
    A survey on the diversity of marine macrogastropoda
    in Pulau Songsong, Pulau Bidan and Pulau Telor on the
    Northern Straits of Malacca was conducted. Specimens
    were collected on rocky shores following NaGISA protocol
    and the number of marine macrogastropod were recorded.
    Distances and the number of the same species were
    converted into Relative Abundance unit (individuals per
    100 m2
    ). A total of 15 species of marine macrogastropoda
    were found from seven families namely Neritidae,
    Trochidae, Ceriitidae, Littorinidae, Turbinidae, Muricidae
    and Potamididae. Seven macrogastropoda species were
    newly recorded from these three islands. Morula marginatra
    was the most dominant species and Pulau Songsong had
    the highest genera and species diversity among the three
    islands. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  16. Fulltext Nutrition therapy for critically ill patients across the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions: A consensus statement
    Sioson MS, Martindale R, Abayadeera A, Abouchaleh N, Aditianingsih D, Bhurayanontachai R, et al.
    Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2018 04;24:156-164.
    PMID: 29576355 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.11.008
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Guidance on managing the nutritional requirements of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been issued by several international bodies. While these guidelines are consulted in ICUs across the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions, there is little guidance available that is tailored to the unique healthcare environments and demographics across these regions. Furthermore, the lack of consistent data from randomized controlled clinical trials, reliance on expert consensus, and differing recommendations in international guidelines necessitate further expert guidance on regional best practice when providing nutrition therapy for critically ill patients in ICUs in Asia-Pacific and the Middle East.

    METHODS: The Asia-Pacific and Middle East Working Group on Nutrition in the ICU has identified major areas of uncertainty in clinical practice for healthcare professionals providing nutrition therapy in Asia-Pacific and the Middle East and developed a series of consensus statements to guide nutrition therapy in the ICU in these regions.

    RESULTS: Accordingly, consensus statements have been provided on nutrition risk assessment and parenteral and enteral feeding strategies in the ICU, monitoring adequacy of, and tolerance to, nutrition in the ICU and institutional processes for nutrition therapy in the ICU. Furthermore, the Working Group has noted areas requiring additional research, including the most appropriate use of hypocaloric feeding in the ICU.

    CONCLUSIONS: The objective of the Working Group in formulating these statements is to guide healthcare professionals in practicing appropriate clinical nutrition in the ICU, with a focus on improving quality of care, which will translate into improved patient outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pacific Islands/epidemiology
  17. Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Sabah state in Borneo Island, Malaysia
    Sinev AY, Yusoff FM
    Zootaxa, 2015;4000(5):581-91.
    PMID: 26623748 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.7
    Fauna of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Sabah state of Malaysia, Borneo Island, was evaluated for the first time. Samples from 40 locations were studied, and 31 species of Cladocera were revealed, including three species of Sididae, one species of Daphnidae, one species of Moinidae, four species of Macrothricidae, two species of Ilyocryptidae, and 20 species of Chydoridae. One species of Ilyocryptidae, Ilyocryptus yooni Jeong, Kotov and Lee, 2012, is recorded for Malaysia for the first time, and one more, Anthalona sp., is probably new for science. Of 31 species recorded for Sabah, only three are true planktonic species and 28 are substrate-associated species. Absence of large natural lakes, habitats with most rich cladoceran fauna, can be an important factor limiting diversity of Cladocera in Sabah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  18. New data on Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Sabah State, Borneo Island, Malaysia
    Sinev AY, Yusoff FM
    Zootaxa, 2018 Jun 21;4438(2):362-372.
    PMID: 30313150 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4438.2.10
    Unlike those in the mainland of Southeast Asia, the Cladocera of the Malay Archipelago has not been intensively studied, except for the state of Sabah in the north-eastern part of the Borneo island. This study aimed to complete the inventory of the Cladocera in Sabah by looking at different types of water bodies including oxbow lakes, small lakes, reservoirs, ponds, ditches and paddy fields. From 32 sites examined, 35 species of cladocerans, nine of which were new records to Sabah, were found from 25 localities. With this new finding, the total number of cladoceran species in Sabah increased to 39 species, including five species of Sididae, four species of Daphniidae, one species of Moinidae, five species of Macrothricidae, two species of Ilyocryptidae, and 22 species of Chydoridae. Only 8 % ( three species) of Sabah cladocerans are true planktonic. This study illustrated that most cladocerans were associated with substrates in the littoral zone and thus appropriate sampling methods should be employed in different microhabitats for comprehensive biodiversity assessment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  19. Assessment of natural radioactivity and gamma-ray dose in monazite rich black Sand Beach of Penang Island, Malaysia
    Shuaibu HK, Khandaker MU, Alrefae T, Bradley DA
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2017 Jun 15;119(1):423-428.
    PMID: 28342594 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.026
    Activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides in sand samples collected from the coastal beaches surrounding Penang Island have been measured using conventional γ-ray spectrometry, while in-situ γ-ray doses have been measured through use of a portable radiation survey meter. The mean activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K at different locations were found to be less than the world average values, while the Miami Bay values for 226Ra and 232Th were found to be greater, at 1023±47 and 2086±96Bqkg̶ 1 respectively. The main contributor to radionuclide enrichment in Miami Bay is the presence of monazite-rich black sands. The measured data were compared against literature values and also recommended limits set by the relevant international bodies. With the exception of Miami Bay, considered an elevated background radiation area that would benefit from regular monitoring, Penang island beach sands typically pose no significant radiological risk to the local populace and tourists visiting the leisure beaches.
    Matched MeSH terms: Islands
  20. Asian student migration to Australia
    Shu J, Hawthorne L
    Int Migr, 1996;34(1):65-95.
    PMID: 12291796
    "This paper presents an overview of Asian student migration to Australia, together with an analysis of political and educational aspects of the overseas student programme. It focuses on some significant consequences of this flow for Australia. The characteristics of key student groups are contrasted to provide some perspective of the diversity of historical and cultural backgrounds, with the source countries of Malaysia, Indonesia and PRC [China] selected as case studies. Since the issue of PRC students in Australia has attracted considerable public attention and policy consideration, particular focus is placed on their experience." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)
    Matched MeSH terms: Pacific Islands
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