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Fulltext Temporary cardiac pacing at the bedside

Ng TS

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Jun;42(2):86-9.
PMID: 3503195

Temporary cardiac pacing is an established therapeutic modality in the treatment of heart block and bradyarrythmias due to various causes like drugs and metabolic causes and prior to permanent pacing. Temporary pacing using fluoroscopy is best but the image intensifier is not available to all medical units. The method of temporary pacing at the bedside is described in detail.

Matched MeSH terms: Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods*
The multidiscipline laboratories of the University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine

Saminathan R

Med Educ, 1980 Sep;14(5):336-40.
PMID: 7432218

The multidiscipline laboratories (MDLs) of University of Malaya are a significant feature in the Faculty of Medicine. They provide facilities for a number of activities within the teaching curriculum. This is in contrast to the departmental type of laboratories. Being the first in the eastern hemisphere, they are gaining popularity among new medical schools in this part of the world. Since a number of visitors testify to a continued interest in the multidiscipline laboratories, an attempt is made to discuss our experience with these facilities in relation to tthe design, uses, organisation, staff requirement, student usage and space problems.

Matched MeSH terms: Teaching/methods*
Simulation and novice nurses: A review

Ruslan R, Saidi S

Enferm Clin, 2019 09;29 Suppl 2:665-673.
PMID: 31324543 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.102

OBJECTIVE: To identify the existing simulation session and the impact of simulation on novice nurse.
METHOD: The articles were searched through CINAHL, Scopus, Proquest, and OVID online database. Articles published from 2000, in English and among novice nurses were selected for review. Then, a narrative review was conducted guided by what are the existing simulation session been used and the impact on novice nurse.
RESULT: Total of 19 articles been selected for review out of 272 articles. The findings of the reviewed were divided into 3 main themes. The themes are the existing simulation session, simulation as a support tool in the transition program and the impact of simulation on novice nurses.
CONCLUSION: In summary, each simulation type has its learning domain. The effectiveness of the simulation will much depend on the appropriate simulation type selection.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Nursing/methods*
Fulltext Using bootstrapped quantile regression analysis for small sample research in applied linguistics: Some methodological considerations

Nikitina L, Paidi R, Furuoka F

PLoS One, 2019;14(1):e0210668.
PMID: 30640925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210668

Quantitative applied linguistics research often takes place in restricted settings of an intact language classroom, workplace, phonetics laboratory or longitudinal sample. In such settings the samples tend to be small, which raises several methodological problems. The main aim of the current paper is to give a detailed explanation of methodological and practical implications inherent in a robust statistical method called bootstrapped quantile regression (BQR) analysis. Importantly for applied linguistics research, the BQR method could help to deal with methodological difficulties inherent in small sample studies. The current study employed a moderately small sample (N = 27) of students learning the Japanese language in a Malaysian public university. It examined the relationships between the students' language learning motivation (specifically, integrative orientation), the students' images or stereotypes about Japan and their global attitudes toward the target language country and its people. The findings indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the students' attitudes toward the target language country and their integrative orientation. In addition, these attitudes were found to be the most constant determinant of the integrative orientation. Besides the applied linguistics research, the BQR method can be used in a variety of the human sciences research where a sample size is small.

Matched MeSH terms: Linguistics/methods*
Self-assembly programming of DNA polyominoes

Ong HS, Syafiq-Rahim M, Kasim NH, Firdaus-Raih M, Ramlan EI

J Biotechnol, 2016 Oct 20;236:141-51.
PMID: 27569553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.08.017

Fabrication of functional DNA nanostructures operating at a cellular level has been accomplished through molecular programming techniques such as DNA origami and single-stranded tiles (SST). During implementation, restrictive and constraint dependent designs are enforced to ensure conformity is attainable. We propose a concept of DNA polyominoes that promotes flexibility in molecular programming. The fabrication of complex structures is achieved through self-assembly of distinct heterogeneous shapes (i.e., self-organised optimisation among competing DNA basic shapes) with total flexibility during the design and assembly phases. In this study, the plausibility of the approach is validated using the formation of multiple 3×4 DNA network fabricated from five basic DNA shapes with distinct configurations (monomino, tromino and tetrominoes). Computational tools to aid the design of compatible DNA shapes and the structure assembly assessment are presented. The formations of the desired structures were validated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imagery. Five 3×4 DNA networks were successfully constructed using combinatorics of these five distinct DNA heterogeneous shapes. Our findings revealed that the construction of DNA supra-structures could be achieved using a more natural-like orchestration as compared to the rigid and restrictive conventional approaches adopted previously.

Matched MeSH terms: Nanotechnology/methods*
Fulltext Recent Techniques in Nutrient Analysis for Food Composition Database

Md Noh MF, Gunasegavan RD, Mustafa Khalid N, Balasubramaniam V, Mustar S, Abd Rashed A

Molecules, 2020 Oct 06;25(19).
PMID: 33036314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194567

Food composition database (FCD) provides the nutritional composition of foods. Reliable and up-to date FCD is important in many aspects of nutrition, dietetics, health, food science, biodiversity, plant breeding, food industry, trade and food regulation. FCD has been used extensively in nutrition labelling, nutritional analysis, research, regulation, national food and nutrition policy. The choice of method for the analysis of samples for FCD often depends on detection capability, along with ease of use, speed of analysis and low cost. Sample preparation is the most critical stage in analytical method development. Samples can be prepared using numerous techniques; however it should be applicable for a wide range of analytes and sample matrices. There are quite a number of significant improvements on sample preparation techniques in various food matrices for specific analytes highlighted in the literatures. Improvements on the technology used for the analysis of samples by specific instrumentation could provide an alternative to the analyst to choose for their laboratory requirement. This review provides the reader with an overview of recent techniques that can be used for sample preparation and instrumentation for food analysis which can provide wide options to the analysts in providing data to their FCD.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Analysis/methods*
Understanding Telerehabilitation Technology to Evaluate Stakeholders' Adoption of Telerehabilitation Services: A Systematic Literature Review and Directions for Further Research

Niknejad N, Ismail W, Bahari M, Nazari B

Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2021 07;102(7):1390-1403.
PMID: 33484693 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.12.014

OBJECTIVES: To examine the adoption of telerehabilitation services from the stakeholders' perspective and to investigate recent advances and future challenges.
DATA SOURCES: A systematic review of English articles indexed by PubMed, Thomson Institute of Scientific Information's Web of Science, and Elsevier's Scopus between 1998 and 2020.
STUDY SELECTION: The first author (N.N.) screened all titles and abstracts based on the eligibility criteria. Experimental and empirical articles such as randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, pre-experimental studies, case studies, surveys, feasibility studies, qualitative descriptive studies, and cohort studies were all included in this review.
DATA EXTRACTION: The first, second, and fourth authors (N.N., W.I., B.N.) independently extracted data using data fields predefined by the third author (M.B.). The data extracted through this review included study objective, study design, purpose of telerehabilitation, telerehabilitation equipment, patient/sample, age, disease, data collection methods, theory/framework, and adoption themes.
DATA SYNTHESIS: A telerehabilitation adoption process model was proposed to highlight the significance of the readiness stage and to classify the primary studies. The articles were classified based on 6 adoption themes, namely users' perception, perspective, and experience; users' satisfaction; users' acceptance and adherence; TeleRehab usability; individual readiness; and users' motivation and awareness.
RESULTS: A total of 133 of 914 articles met the eligibility criteria. The majority of papers were randomized controlled trials (27%), followed by surveys (15%). Almost 49% of the papers examined the use of telerehabilitation technology in patients with nervous system problems, 23% examined physical disability disorders, 10% examined cardiovascular diseases, and 8% inspected pulmonary diseases.
CONCLUSION: Research on the adoption of telerehabilitation is still in its infancy and needs further attention from researchers working in health care, especially in resource-limited countries. Indeed, studies on the adoption of telerehabilitation are essential to minimize implementation failure, as these studies will help to inform health care personnel and clients about successful adoption strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Telerehabilitation/methods*
Fulltext Parameters-tuning of PID controller for automatic voltage regulators using the African buffalo optimization

Odili JB, Mohmad Kahar MN, Noraziah A

PLoS One, 2017;12(4):e0175901.
PMID: 28441390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175901

In this paper, an attempt is made to apply the African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) to tune the parameters of a PID controller for an effective Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). Existing metaheuristic tuning methods have been proven to be quite successful but there were observable areas that need improvements especially in terms of the system's gain overshoot and steady steady state errors. Using the ABO algorithm where each buffalo location in the herd is a candidate solution to the Proportional-Integral-Derivative parameters was very helpful in addressing these two areas of concern. The encouraging results obtained from the simulation of the PID Controller parameters-tuning using the ABO when compared with the performance of Genetic Algorithm PID (GA-PID), Particle-Swarm Optimization PID (PSO-PID), Ant Colony Optimization PID (ACO-PID), PID, Bacteria-Foraging Optimization PID (BFO-PID) etc makes ABO-PID a good addition to solving PID Controller tuning problems using metaheuristics.

Matched MeSH terms: Automation/methods
Evidence-based practice and the evidence pyramid: A 21st century orthodontic odyssey

Mulimani PS

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2017 Jul;152(1):1-8.
PMID: 28651753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.03.020

Organized evidence-based practice is said to have started in the medical field in the late 20th century. Its principles and usage eventually spread to other health sciences, including orthodontics. Although the conceptual foundations and basic tenets of evidence-based orthodontics are based on the classical approach of testing medical interventions, differences unravel as we encounter the ground realities in orthodontics, which are unique due to the length, complexity, and diversity involved in orthodontic treatment and research. How has this led to the evolution of evidence-based orthodontics and changes in its applications? Is it being translated to better clinical answers, treatment strategies, patient satisfaction, and information for orthodontists? What more needs to be done, considering the rapidly changing orthodontic scenario? This article aims to explore these questions to evaluate how evidence-based orthodontics has played itself out so far, so that it can continue to grow strong and stand up to the challenges of 21st century orthodontics.

Matched MeSH terms: Orthodontics/methods
Fulltext A new split based searching for exact pattern matching for natural texts

Hakak S, Kamsin A, Shivakumara P, Idna Idris MY, Gilkar GA

PLoS One, 2018;13(7):e0200912.
PMID: 30048486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200912

Exact pattern matching algorithms are popular and used widely in several applications, such as molecular biology, text processing, image processing, web search engines, network intrusion detection systems and operating systems. The focus of these algorithms is to achieve time efficiency according to applications but not memory consumption. In this work, we propose a novel idea to achieve both time efficiency and memory consumption by splitting query string for searching in Corpus. For a given text, the proposed algorithm split the query pattern into two equal halves and considers the second (right) half as a query string for searching in Corpus. Once the match is found with second halves, the proposed algorithm applies brute force procedure to find remaining match by referring the location of right half. Experimental results on different S1 Dataset, namely Arabic, English, Chinese, Italian and French text databases show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing S1 Algorithm in terms of time efficiency and memory consumption as the length of the query pattern increases.

Matched MeSH terms: Data Mining/methods*
Low cost immunohistochemistry bench for developing countries

Ch'ng ES, Khiro FI

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Aug;40(2):209-211.
PMID: 30173241

No abstract available.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry/methods*
Recent development of unconventional aqueous biphasic system: characteristics, mechanisms and applications

Kee PE, Ng TC, Lan JC, Ng HS

Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2020 Jun;40(4):555-569.
PMID: 32283954 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1747388

Aqueous biphasic system (ABS) is widely used in the recovery, extraction, purification and separation of proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids and antibodies. The ABS with high water content and low interfacial tension offers a biocompatible environment for the recovery of labile biomolecules. Process integration can be achieved using ABS by incorporating multiple-steps of purification, concentration and purification of biomolecules in a single-step operation which often results in high product recovery yield and purity. Conventional ABS is usually formed by aqueous solutions of two polymers or a polymer and a salt above a critical concentration. The high viscosity of polymer-based ABS causes slow phase separation and hinders the mass transfer of biomolecules, whereas polymer/salt ABS is characterized by high ionic strength resulting in the loss of bioactivity of recovered biomolecules. These limitations have encouraged the development of novel ABS which is more cost-effective for various biotechnological applications. This review discusses the characteristics and mechanisms of several types of emerging unconventional ABS using phase-forming components such as hyperbranched polymers, special salts, surfactants, magnetic fields, the addition of nanoparticles and incorporation of various solvent. Moreover, several novel applications of ABS for different separation purposes such as microfluidic-based ABS, ABS bioreactors, application of ABS as an analytical tool, and ABS micropatterning are discussed in this review. In the last section of this review, a comprehensive summary of process integration using ABS for extractive fermentations, bioconversion, crystallization and precipitation is also supplemented for the comprehensive review of various types and applications of ABS in recent years.

Matched MeSH terms: Biotechnology/methods*
Physical and Natural Crosslinking Approaches on Three-Dimensional Gelatin Microspheres for Cartilage Regeneration

Sulaiman S, Rani RA, Mohamad Yahaya NH, Tabata Y, Hiraoka Y, Seet WT, et al.

Tissue Eng Part C Methods, 2022 10;28(10):557-569.
PMID: 35615885 DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2022.0073

The use of gelatin microspheres (GMs) as a cell carrier has been extensively researched. One of its limitations is that it dissolves rapidly in aqueous settings, precluding its use for long-term cell propagation. This circumstance necessitates the use of crosslinking agents to circumvent the constraint. Thus, this study examines two different methods of crosslinking and their effect on the microsphere's physicochemical and cartilage tissue regeneration capacity. Crosslinking was accomplished by physical (dehydrothermal [DHT]) and natural (genipin) crosslinking of the three-dimensional (3D) GM. We begin by comparing the microstructures of the scaffolds and their long-term resistance to degradation under physiological conditions (in an isotonic solution, at 37°C, pH = 7.4). Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the gelatin structure was preserved after the crosslinking treatments. The crosslinked GM demonstrated good cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, and widespread 3D scaffold colonization when seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, the crosslinked microspheres enhanced chondrogenesis, as demonstrated by the data. It was discovered that crosslinked GM increased the expression of cartilage-related genes and the biosynthesis of a glycosaminoglycan-positive matrix as compared with non-crosslinked GM. In comparison, DHT-crosslinked results were significantly enhanced. To summarize, DHT treatment was found to be a superior approach for crosslinking the GM to promote better cartilage tissue regeneration.

Matched MeSH terms: Tissue Engineering/methods
Inexpensive home-assembled human skull model for training and learning the peribulbar block technique

Chua AW, Chua MJ, Harrisberg BP, Kumar CM

Anaesth Intensive Care, 2022 09;50(5):400-402.
PMID: 36076352 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X211063892
Matched MeSH terms: Anesthesia, Local/methods
Isothermal amplifications - a comprehensive review on current methods

Glökler J, Lim TS, Ida J, Frohme M

Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 2021 12;56(6):543-586.
PMID: 34263688 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1937927

The introduction of nucleic acid amplification techniques has revolutionized the field of medical diagnostics in the last decade. The advent of PCR catalyzed the increasing application of DNA, not just for molecular cloning but also for molecular based diagnostics. Since the introduction of PCR, a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms and enzymes involved in DNA/RNA replication has spurred the development of novel methods devoid of temperature cycling. Isothermal amplification methods have since been introduced utilizing different mechanisms, enzymes, and conditions. The ease with which isothermal amplification methods have allowed nucleic acid amplification to be carried out has had a profound impact on the way molecular diagnostics are being designed after the turn of the millennium. With all the advantages isothermal amplification brings, the issues or complications surrounding each method are heterogeneous making it difficult to identify the best approach for an end-user. This review pays special attention to the various isothermal amplification methods by classifying them based on the mechanistic characteristics which include reaction formats, amplification information, promoter, strand break, and refolding mechanisms. We would also compare the efficiencies and usefulness of each method while highlighting the potential applications and detection methods involved. This review will serve as an overall outlook on the journey and development of isothermal amplification methods as a whole.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods*
Mindfulness: A New Paradigm of Psychosocial Care in the Palliative Care Setting in Southeast Asia

Tan SB, Capelle DP, Zainal NZ, Lim EJ, Loh EC, Lam CL

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2017 Sep;46(9):339-346.
PMID: 29022034

Alleviation of suffering in palliative care needs a combination of good symptom control and psychosocial care. The capacity of mindfulness to promote psychological flexibility opens up possibilities of creating a paradigm shift that can potentially change the landscape of psychosocial care. In this review, we attempt to introduce 4 methods to establish mindfulness based on 'The Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness', a core text of Theravada Buddhism, followed by a brief comparison of the concepts and practices of mindfulness in different cultures and religions in Southeast Asia. Next, 2 mindfulness-based interventions specifically designed for palliative psychosocial care - mindfulness-based supportive therapy (MBST) and mini-mindfulness meditation (MMM) are introduced. We hypothesise that mindful practices, tailored to the palliative setting, can promote positive psychosocial outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Mindfulness/methods*
Fulltext Floral micromorphology and transcriptome analyses of a fragrant Vandaceous Orchid, Vanda Mimi Palmer, for its fragrance production sites

Toh C, Mohd-Hairul AR, Ain NM, Namasivayam P, Go R, Abdullah NAP, et al.

BMC Res Notes, 2017 Nov 02;10(1):554.
PMID: 29096695 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2872-6

BACKGROUND: Vanda Mimi Palmer (VMP) is commercially valuable for its strong fragrance but little is known regarding the fragrance production and emission sites on the flowers.
RESULTS: Olfactory perception detected fragrance only from the petals and sepals. Light and Environmental Scanning Electron microscopy analyses on fresh tissues showed distributions of stomata and trichomes concentrated mostly around the edges. These results paralleled the rich starch deposits and intense neutral red stain, indicating strong fragrance and trichomes as potential main fragrance release sites. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) transcriptomic data of adaxial and abaxial layers of the tissues showed monoterpene synthase transcripts specifically linalool and ocimene synthases distributed throughout the tissues. qPCR analyses taken at different time points revealed high levels of linalool and ocimene synthases transcripts in the early morning with maximal level at 4.00 am but remained low throughout daylight hours.
CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the VMP floral anatomy and its fragrance production characteristics, which complemented our previous molecular and biochemical data on VMP, provided additional knowledge on how fragrance and flower morphology are closely intertwined. Further investigation on the mechanisms of fragrance biosynthesis and interaction of potential pollinators would elucidate the evolution of the flower morphology to maximize the reproduction success of this plant.

Matched MeSH terms: Gene Expression Profiling/methods*
Microwave induced plasma for solid fuels and waste processing: A review on affecting factors and performance criteria

Ho GS, Faizal HM, Ani FN

Waste Manag, 2017 Nov;69:423-430.
PMID: 28811144 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.015

High temperature thermal plasma has a major drawback which consumes high energy. Therefore, non-thermal plasma which uses comparatively lower energy, for instance, microwave plasma is more attractive to be applied in gasification process. Microwave-induced plasma gasification also carries the advantages in terms of simplicity, compactness, lightweight, uniform heating and the ability to operate under atmospheric pressure that gains attention from researchers. The present paper synthesizes the current knowledge available for microwave plasma gasification on solid fuels and waste, specifically on affecting parameters and their performance. The review starts with a brief outline on microwave plasma setup in general, and followed by the effect of various operating parameters on resulting output. Operating parameters including fuel characteristics, fuel injection position, microwave power, addition of steam, oxygen/fuel ratio and plasma working gas flow rate are discussed along with several performance criteria such as resulting syngas composition, efficiency, carbon conversion, and hydrogen production rate. Based on the present review, fuel retention time is found to be the key parameter that influences the gasification performance. Therefore, emphasis on retention time is necessary in order to improve the performance of microwave plasma gasification of solid fuels and wastes.

Matched MeSH terms: Refuse Disposal/methods*
A deep learning based model using RNN-LSTM for the Detection of Schizophrenia from EEG data

Supakar R, Satvaya P, Chakrabarti P

Comput Biol Med, 2022 Dec;151(Pt A):106225.
PMID: 36306576 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106225

Normal life can be ensured for schizophrenic patients if diagnosed early. Electroencephalogram (EEG) carries information about the brain network connectivity which can be used to detect brain anomalies that are indicative of schizophrenia. Since deep learning is capable of automatically extracting the significant features and make classifications, the authors proposed a deep learning based model using RNN-LSTM to analyze the EEG signal data to diagnose schizophrenia. The proposed model used three dense layers on top of a 100 dimensional LSTM. EEG signal data of 45 schizophrenic patients and 39 healthy subjects were used in the study. Dimensionality reduction algorithm was used to obtain an optimal feature set and the classifier was run with both sets of data. An accuracy of 98% and 93.67% were obtained with the complete feature set and the reduced feature set respectively. The robustness of the model was evaluated using model performance measure and combined performance measure. Outcomes were compared with the outcome obtained with traditional machine learning classifiers such as Random Forest, SVM, FURIA, and AdaBoost, and the proposed model was found to perform better with the complete dataset. When compared with the result of the researchers who worked with the same set of data using either CNN or RNN, the proposed model's accuracy was either better or comparable to theirs.

Matched MeSH terms: Electroencephalography/methods
Fulltext Machine learning methods to predict particulate matter PM 2.5

Palanichamy N, Haw SC, S S, Murugan R, Govindasamy K

F1000Res, 2022;11:406.
PMID: 36531254 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73166.1

Introduction Pollution of air in urban cities across the world has been steadily increasing in recent years. An increasing trend in particulate matter, PM 2.5, is a threat because it can lead to uncontrollable consequences like worsening of asthma and cardiovascular disease. The metric used to measure air quality is the air pollutant index (API). In Malaysia, machine learning (ML) techniques for PM 2.5 have received less attention as the concentration is on predicting other air pollutants. To fill the research gap, this study focuses on correctly predicting PM 2.5 concentrations in the smart cities of Malaysia by comparing supervised ML techniques, which helps to mitigate its adverse effects. Methods In this paper, ML models for forecasting PM 2.5 concentrations were investigated on Malaysian air quality data sets from 2017 to 2018. The dataset was preprocessed by data cleaning and a normalization process. Next, it was reduced into an informative dataset with location and time factors in the feature extraction process. The dataset was fed into three supervised ML classifiers, which include random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). Finally, their output was evaluated using the confusion matrix and compared to identify the best model for the accurate prediction of PM 2.5. Results Overall, the experimental result shows an accuracy of 97.7% was obtained by the RF model in comparison with the accuracy of ANN (61.14%) and LSTM (61.77%) in predicting PM 2.5. Discussion RF performed well when compared with ANN and LSTM for the given data with minimum features. RF was able to reach good accuracy as the model learns from the random samples by using decision tree with the maximum vote on the predictions.

Matched MeSH terms: Environmental Monitoring/methods

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