Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 963 in total

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  1. Fulltext A rare synchronous presentation of primary malignant melanoma in cervix and vagina
    Pai UKN, Pillai S, Arunkumar NR
    J Cancer Res Ther, 2023 Oct 01;19(7):2108-2110.
    PMID: 38376333 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1309_21
    Malignant melanoma, primarily a cutaneous malignancy, can also involve mucosal surfaces and constitutes 2% to 7% of all gynecological malignancies. Primary melanoma of the uterine cervix is an uncommon tumor and has poor prognosis. In the female genital tract, the synchronous occurrence of primary malignant melanoma in the cervix and vagina is rare. We report a case of a 48-year-old female patient who presented with a blackish vaginal mass and associated growth in the cervix. Biopsy from the vaginal mass was reported as malignant melanoma. Following this, she underwent radical surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. After 12 months, the patient is doing well.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Neoplasms*
  2. Facial Overfilled Syndrome
    Lim T
    Dermatol Clin, 2024 Jan;42(1):121-128.
    PMID: 37977678 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2023.06.007
    Facial overfilled syndrome is an underdiagnosed aesthetic complication due to multiple incorrect placements of fillers. Facial distortion due to the overfilled syndrome can be exaggerated by facial expressions and movements and worsens with tissue ptosis due to aging. Commonly "produced" by practitioners depending solely on fillers as a single modality for treatment, the overfilled syndrome can be seen among those who had volume overload in the midface, forehead, chin, and nose. Incorrectly placed dermal fillers, poor selection of filler products, overzealous attempts by the injectors, and overly enthusiastic clients who "chase the lines" are the common causes of this phenomenon.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Aging*
  3. Intelligent skin disease prediction system using transfer learning and explainable artificial intelligence
    Abbas S, Ahmed F, Khan WA, Ahmad M, Khan MA, Ghazal TM
    Sci Rep, 2025 Jan 11;15(1):1746.
    PMID: 39799199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-83966-4
    Skin diseases impact millions of people around the world and pose a severe risk to public health. These diseases have a wide range of effects on the skin's structure, functionality, and appearance. Identifying and predicting skin diseases are laborious processes that require a complete physical examination, a review of the patient's medical history, and proper laboratory diagnostic testing. Additionally, it necessitates a significant number of histological and clinical characteristics for examination and subsequent treatment. As a disease's complexity and quantity of features grow, identifying and predicting it becomes more challenging. This research proposes a deep learning (DL) model utilizing transfer learning (TL) to quickly identify skin diseases like chickenpox, measles, and monkeypox. A pre-trained VGG16 is used for transfer learning. The VGG16 can identify and predict diseases more quickly by learning symptom patterns. Images of the skin from the four classes of chickenpox, measles, monkeypox, and normal are included in the dataset. The dataset is separated into training and testing. The experimental results performed on the dataset demonstrate that the VGG16 model can identify and predict skin diseases with 93.29% testing accuracy. However, the VGG16 model does not explain why and how the system operates because deep learning models are black boxes. Deep learning models' opacity stands in the way of their widespread application in the healthcare sector. In order to make this a valuable system for the health sector, this article employs layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) to determine the relevance scores of each input. The identified symptoms provide valuable insights that could support timely diagnosis and treatment decisions for skin diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology
  4. Fulltext Pediatric Mycosis Fungoides Mimicking Benign Dermatoses: A Report of a Rare Case
    Rosli S, Abd Halim H, Md-Yasin M, Abu Bakar NA
    Am J Case Rep, 2025 Jan 07;26:e945897.
    PMID: 39774580 DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.945897
    BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) are a multifaceted spectrum of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and cutaneous B cell lymphomas (CBCL). Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare subset of CTCL that primarily affects adults, and its occurrence in children is exceedingly rare. Most pediatric MF manifests as hypopigmented patches resembling other benign dermatoses, causing diagnostic challenges. This report outlines a case of pediatric MF in a 7-year-old Malaysian boy. CASE REPORT A 7-year-old boy exhibited progressing skin lesions characterized initially by erythematous, papular rashes over the face and upper limbs, then to the whole body, becoming hypopigmented, with pruritus and scaling for 1 year. Multiple clinics treated him for eczema and pityriasis alba but he responded poorly to courses of various topical steroids and emollient treatment. Due to the refractory nature of the lesions, he was subsequently referred to a dermatology clinic, where 2 skin biopsies were performed. The first biopsy revealed epidermotropism of atypical lymphocytes, consistent with MF. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive CD3+ expression with slightly reduced CD4+, CD7+, and CD8+ expression, and normal CD2+ and CD5+ expression at the epidermis level. Nevertheless, due to the rarity of MF in children, a second biopsy was performed, validating the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric MF is a rare and challenging diagnosis. This case report highlights the importance of close monitoring of unresolved hypopigmented lesions and increased vigilance on lesions not responding to standard treatment. Timely diagnosis with support of skin biopsy is crucial to avoid potentially serious disease progression and helps provide appropriate management leading to improved outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Diseases/diagnosis
  5. Fulltext Validation of a static Franz diffusion cell system for in vitro permeation studies
    Ng SF, Rouse JJ, Sanderson FD, Meidan V, Eccleston GM
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2010 Sep;11(3):1432-41.
    PMID: 20842539 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9522-9
    Over the years, in vitro Franz diffusion experiments have evolved into one of the most important methods for researching transdermal drug administration. Unfortunately, this type of testing often yields permeation data that suffer from poor reproducibility. Moreover, this feature frequently occurs when synthetic membranes are used as barriers, in which case biological tissue-associated variability has been removed as an artefact of total variation. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the influence of a full-validation protocol on the performance of a tailor-made array of Franz diffusion cells (GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK) available in our laboratory. To this end, ibuprofen was used as a model hydrophobic drug while synthetic membranes were used as barriers. The parameters investigated included Franz cell dimensions, stirring conditions, membrane type, membrane treatment, temperature regulation and sampling frequency. It was determined that validation dramatically reduced derived data variability as the coefficient of variation for steady-state ibuprofen permeation from a gel formulation was reduced from 25.7% to 5.3% (n = 6). Thus, validation and refinement of the protocol combined with improved operator training can greatly enhance reproducibility in Franz cell experimentation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/metabolism*; Skin Absorption/physiology; Skin, Artificial*
  6. Merkel cell carcinoma: Preparing to go the distance
    Arumugam M, Jamil A, Amiseno RA, Rosli N, Abdul Shukor N
    Malays J Pathol, 2020 Aug;42(2):277-281.
    PMID: 32860382
    INTRODUCTION: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the skin, with poor clinical outcomes. Typical conditions include a rapidly growing, solitary dome-shaped, violaceous nodule. Several root causes have been identified - sun exposure, age, lighter skin, immunocompromised state, and polyomavirus infection. Wide local excision is the best treatment. The tumour is radiotherapy-responsive. However, the success rate of the treatment with chemotherapy is rather limited. Immunotherapy has shown promising results. Early detection is important to prevent morbidity and mortality.

    CASE REPORT: In this literature work, we reported on a particular case of MCC, as exhibited by an 84-year-old Chinese woman, and discussed the clinical features and management of MCC.

    DISCUSSION: We highlighted that MCC cases have a link to the polyomavirus 5. Patients who were identified with the Polyomavirus 5, and underwent immunotherapy, were seen to depict much better prognosis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology; Skin Neoplasms/etiology; Skin Neoplasms/pathology; Skin Neoplasms/surgery
  7. Cell therapy for facial anti-aging
    Ebisawa K, Kato R, Okada M, Kamei Y, Mazlyzam AL, Narita Y, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:41.
    PMID: 19024974
    Two types of cell therapy for facial anti-aging in my clinical experience are introduced in this presentation. One therapy is cultured gingival fibroblasts injection. This procedure lasts for at least one year, making it a good option for patients. The other is platelet rich plasma injection. The results of the preliminary data are promising, but not yet well understood. More clinical data and long-term follow-up is needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology*; Skin Physiological Phenomena*; Skin Aging/pathology; Skin Aging/physiology*
  8. Influence of omega fatty acids on skin permeation of a coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion cream formulation: characterization, in silico and ex vivo determination
    Tou KAS, Rehman K, Ishak WMW, Zulfakar MH
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2019 Sep;45(9):1451-1458.
    PMID: 31216907 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1628042
    Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion cream, characterize and to determine the influence of omega fatty acids on the delivery of coenzyme Q10 across model skin membrane via ex vivo and in silico techniques. Methods: Coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion creams were prepared using natural edible oils such as linseed, evening primrose, and olive oil. Their mechanical features and ability to deliver CoQ10 across rat skin were characterized. Computational docking analysis was performed for in silico evaluation of CoQ10 and omega fatty acid interactions. Results: Linseed, evening primrose, and olive oils each produced nano-sized emulsion creams (343.93-409.86 nm) and exhibited excellent rheological features. The computerized docking studies showed favorable interactions between CoQ10 and omega fatty acids that could improve skin permeation. The three edible-oil nanoemulsion creams displayed higher ex vivo skin permeation and drug flux compared to the liquid-paraffin control cream. The linseed oil formulation displayed the highest skin permeation (3.97 ± 0.91 mg/cm2) and drug flux (0.19 ± 0.05 mg/cm2/h). Conclusion: CoQ10 loaded-linseed oil nanoemulsion cream displayed the highest skin permeation. The highest permeation showed by linseed oil nanoemulsion cream may be due to the presence of omega-3, -6, and -9 fatty acids which might serve as permeation enhancers. This indicated that the edible oil nanoemulsion creams have potential as drug vehicles that enhance CoQ10 delivery across skin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/drug effects; Skin/metabolism; Skin Absorption; Skin Cream/administration & dosage; Skin Cream/pharmacokinetics*
  9. Fulltext Shelf-life evaluation of bilayered human skin equivalent, MyDerm™
    Seet WT, Manira M, Maarof M, Khairul Anuar K, Chua KH, Ahmad Irfan AW, et al.
    PLoS One, 2012;7(8):e40978.
    PMID: 22927903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040978
    Skin plays an important role in defense against infection and other harmful biological agents. Due to its fragile structure, skin can be easily damaged by heat, chemicals, traumatic injuries and diseases. An autologous bilayered human skin equivalent, MyDerm™, was engineered to provide a living skin substitute to treat critical skin loss. However, one of the disadvantages of living skin substitute is its short shelf-life, hence limiting its distribution worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shelf-life of MyDerm™ through assessment of cell morphology, cell viability, population doubling time and functional gene expression levels before transplantation. Skin samples were digested with 0.6% Collagenase Type I followed by epithelial cells dissociation with TrypLE Select. Dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes were culture-expanded to obtain sufficient cells for MyDerm™ construction. MyDerm™ was constructed with plasma-fibrin as temporary biomaterial and evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after storage at 4°C for its shelf-life determination. The morphology of skin cells derived from MyDerm™ remained unchanged across storage times. Cells harvested from MyDerm™ after storage appeared in good viability (90.5%±2.7% to 94.9%±1.6%) and had short population doubling time (58.4±8.7 to 76.9±19 hours). The modest drop in cell viability and increased in population doubling time at longer storage duration did not demonstrate a significant difference. Gene expression for CK10, CK14 and COL III were also comparable between different storage times. In conclusion, MyDerm™ can be stored in basal medium at 4°C for at least 72 hours before transplantation without compromising its functionality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/cytology*; Skin Transplantation; Skin, Artificial*
  10. Fulltext Lupus band test in systemic lupus erythematosus
    Gangaram HB, Kong NCT, Phang KS, Suraiya H
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):638-48.
    PMID: 15889567
    The usefulness of the direct immunofluorescent antibody technique--lupus band test--for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been well established. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of the LBT at various sites of the skin in a cross section of patients with SLE and its correlation with disease activity. The LBT was demonstrated in 64% of skin lesions, 63% in non-lesional sun-exposed (NLSE) skin and 25% in non-lesional sun-protected (NLSP) skin. The prevalence of the LBT in lesional and NLSE groups was significantly different from the NLSP group (p = 0.03 and 0.005 respectively). There was a significant correlation between the presence of a positive LBT in NLSE skin with the presence of the LE cell phenomenon (p = 0.04) and anti - ds DNA antibody (0.02). In addition, there was a significant correlation between IgG LBT in the NLSE skin with serum hypocomplementaemia (p = 0.03) and anti - ds DNA antibody (p = 0.04). Other than these, no significant correlation was detected between the LBT from the 3 sites with overall clinical activity, renal disease, active skin lesions, or other laboratory indices of activity. These findings suggest that the LBT is mainly indicated as a diagnostic tool and has little role in assessing disease activity.
    Study site: Wards and clinics of the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/immunology*; Skin/pathology; Skin Tests*
  11. The skin reactions of two species of Southeast Asian Chiroptera to notoedrid and teinocoptid mites
    Lavoipierre MM, Rajamanickam C
    Parasitology, 1968 Aug;58(3):515-30.
    PMID: 5754271
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology; Skin Diseases, Parasitic/pathology; Skin Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary*
  12. Skin wound healing assisted by angiogenic targeted tissue engineering: A comprehensive review of bioengineered approaches
    Nour S, Imani R, Chaudhry GR, Sharifi AM
    J Biomed Mater Res A, 2021 04;109(4):453-478.
    PMID: 32985051 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37105
    Skin injuries and in particular, chronic wounds, are one of the major prevalent medical problems, worldwide. Due to the pivotal role of angiogenesis in tissue regeneration, impaired angiogenesis can cause several complications during the wound healing process and skin regeneration. Therefore, induction or promotion of angiogenesis can be considered as a promising approach to accelerate wound healing. This article presents a comprehensive overview of current and emerging angiogenesis induction methods applied in several studies for skin regeneration, which are classified into the cell, growth factor, scaffold, and biological/chemical compound-based strategies. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these angiogenic strategies along with related research examples are discussed in order to demonstrate their potential in the treatment of wounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/blood supply*; Skin/drug effects; Skin Physiological Phenomena/drug effects
  13. Fulltext Transitioning from Pickering emulsions to Pickering emulsion hydrogels: A potential advancement in cosmeceuticals
    Rajoo A, Siva SP, Sia CS, Chan ES, Tey BT, Low LE
    Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2024 Dec;205:114572.
    PMID: 39486631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114572
    Cosmeceuticals, focusing on enhancing skin health and appearance, heavily rely on emulsions as one of the common mediums. These emulsions pose a challenge due to their dependence on surfactants which are essential for stability but are causing concerns about environmental impact as well as evolving consumer preferences. This has led to research focused on Pickering emulsions (PEs), which are colloidal particle-based emulsion alternatives. Compared to conventional emulsions, PEs offer enhanced stability and functionality in addition to serving as a sustainable alternative but still pose challenges such as rheological control and requiring further improvement in long-term stability, whereby the limitations could be addressed through the introduction of a hydrogel network. In this review, we first highlight the strategies and considerations to optimize active ingredient (AI) absorption and penetration in a PE-based formulation. We then delve into a comprehensive overview of the potential of Pickering-based cosmeceutical emulsions including their attractive features, the various Pickering particles that can be employed, past studies and their limitations. Further, PE hydrogels (PEHs), which combines the features between PE and hydrogel as an innovative solution to address challenges posed by both conventional emulsions and PEs in the cosmeceutical industry is explored. Moreover, concerns related to toxicity and biocompatibility are critically examined, alongside considerations of scalability and commercial viability, providing a forward-looking perspective on potential future research directions centered on the application of PEHs in the cosmeceutical field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/drug effects; Skin/metabolism; Skin Absorption/drug effects
  14. Congenital papulonodular eruption: presenting sign of congenital leukaemia cutis
    Nanda A, El-Kamel MF, Al-Oneizi EM, Al-Ajmi M, Al-Enezi EM, Madda JP
    Clin Exp Dermatol, 2012 Jul;37(5):509-11.
    PMID: 22712859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04270.x
    Congenital leukaemia (CL) is a rare malignancy that accounts for < 1% of cases of childhood leukaemias. Leukaemia cutis (LC) refers to cutaneous infiltration with leukaemic cells, and is seen in 30-50% of CL cases. It may precede, follow or occur simultaneously with leukaemia. If left untreated, the prognosis is usually poor, but early diagnosis and treatment may result in a favourable prognosis. We report a case of congenital leukaemia cutis with a progressive, violaceous papulonodular eruption (a 'blueberry muffin' rash), which had been noted at birth, as a presenting sign of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), which on investigation was classified as AML, FAB M2 type with a t(8; 21)(p11;q22) chromosomal defect. The patient had a favourable response to AML chemotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Neoplasms/congenital*; Skin Neoplasms/pathology
  15. Fulltext Cyclin D1 expression in acral melanoma: a case control study in Sarawak
    Ibrahim ZA, Narihan MZ, Ojep DN, Soosay AE, Pan KL
    Malays J Pathol, 2012 Dec;34(2):89-95.
    PMID: 23424770 MyJurnal
    Acral melanoma has been reported to have distinctive clinical presentation and ethnic distribution compared to other histological types of malignant melanoma. Acral melanoma also exhibits distinctive focused gene amplifications, including cyclin D1 overexpression. We reviewed archived histological material of malignant melanoma in the Sarawak General Hospital from year 2004 to 2010. 43 tumours, comprising 28 acral melanoma and 15 non-acral melanoma, had sufficient material to be included in the study. The majority (36%) of acral melanoma tumours occurred in the heel. The tumours were analyzed for cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry. 68% of acral melanoma were cyclin D1 positive compared to a positivity of 33% in non-acral tumours. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). This finding may improve the histological diagnosis of acral melanoma and detection of positive resection margins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Neoplasms/metabolism; Skin Neoplasms/pathology*
  16. The effect of CO2 laser treatment on skin tissue
    Baleg SM, Bidin N, Suan LP, Ahmad MF, Krishnan G, Johari AR, et al.
    J Cosmet Dermatol, 2015 Sep;14(3):246-53.
    PMID: 25817596 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12142
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multiple pulses on the depth of injury caused by CO2 laser in an in vivo rat model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology; Skin/radiation effects*
  17. Comparative histamine levels in antemortem and postmortem wounds in the human skin by fluorescence spectrophotometry
    Faridah MN, Shahrom AW
    Malays J Pathol, 2001 Dec;23(2):111-4.
    PMID: 12166591
    This paper describes a modified method of quantitative determination of histamine in human skin wounds using fluorescence spectrophotometer. In this study, histamine was used as an indicator to differentiate antemortem from postmortem wounds. Skin samples were obtained from 20 corpses which were brought to Hospital Kuala Lumpur and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for medicolegal autopsy. Sections of human skin were processed biochemically for histamine determination using fluorescence spectrophotometer. Results revealed no significant difference in the histamine content of the antemortem wounds in comparison to postmortem wounds. Based on these results, detection of histamine is not suitable to differentiate antemortem from postmortem wounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/injuries*; Skin/metabolism*
  18. Black piedra in west Malaysia
    Adam BA, Soo-Hoo TS, Chong KC
    Australas J Dermatol, 1977 Apr;18(1):45-7.
    PMID: 883925
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Diseases/microbiology; Skin Diseases/epidemiology
  19. Fulltext Infantile Myofibromatosis: A Case Report
    Hasniah, A.L., Rohana, J., Boo, N.Y., Thambidorai, C.R., Isa, M.R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    Case: A male infant was born at 36th week period of gestation with a birth weight of 1.99kg following an uneventful intrauterine period. At birth, he was noted to have multiple skin nodules. The largest nodule measuring 4.0 x 2.0 x 1.5 cm was at his pre-auricular area. It was initially fleshy and reddish in color. A few days later, it turned black and subsequently the black skin overlying the mass fell off, leaving a firm underlying mass with the appearance of a cauliflower. Other skin lesions, which were firm in consistency, were found on the medial aspect of his right supraorbital ridge, right mid-arm, right mid-thigh, plantar surface of his right big toe and his scalp. They were either skin-colored or reddish in colour, measuring between 1.0 and 2.0 cm in diameter. He also had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly palpable at 5 cm and 3 cm below the subcostal margins, respectively
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms
  20. Complexity-based decoding of brain-skin relation in response to olfactory stimuli
    Omam S, Babini MH, Sim S, Tee R, Nathan V, Namazi H
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2020 Feb;184:105293.
    PMID: 31887618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105293
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Human body is covered with skin in different parts. In fact, skin reacts to different changes around human. For instance, when the surrounding temperature changes, human skin will react differently. It is known that the activity of skin is regulated by human brain. In this research, for the first time we investigate the relation between the activities of human skin and brain by mathematical analysis of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and Electroencephalography (EEG) signals.

    METHOD: For this purpose, we employ fractal theory and analyze the variations of fractal dimension of GSR and EEG signals when subjects are exposed to different olfactory stimuli in the form of pleasant odors.

    RESULTS: Based on the obtained results, the complexity of GSR signal changes with the complexity of EEG signal in case of different stimuli, where by increasing the molecular complexity of olfactory stimuli, the complexity of EEG and GSR signals increases. The results of statistical analysis showed the significant effect of stimulation on variations of complexity of GSR signal. In addition, based on effect size analysis, fourth odor with greatest molecular complexity had the greatest effect on variations of complexity of EEG and GSR signals.

    CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be said that human skin reaction changes with the variations in the activity of human brain. The result of analysis in this research can be further used to make a model between the activities of human skin and brain that will enable us to predict skin reaction to different stimuli.

    Matched MeSH terms: Galvanic Skin Response; Skin Physiological Phenomena*
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