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Fulltext Medical intelligence using PPG signals and hybrid learning at the edge to detect fatigue in physical activities

Liu P, Song Y, Yang X, Li D, Khosravi M

Sci Rep, 2024 Jul 12;14(1):16149.
PMID: 38997404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66839-8

The educational environment plays a vital role in the development of students who participate in athletic pursuits both in terms of their physical health and their ability to detect fatigue. As a result of recent advancements in deep learning and biosensors benefitting from edge computing resources, we are now able to monitor the physiological fatigue of students participating in sports in real time. These devices can then be used to analyze the data using contemporary technology. In this paper, we present an innovative deep learning framework for forecasting fatigue in athletic students following physical exercise. It addresses the issue of lack of precision computational models and extensive data analysis in current approaches to monitoring students' physical activity. In our study, we classified fatigue and non-fatigue based on photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Several deep learning models are compared in the study. Using limited training data, determining the optimal parameters for PPG presents a significant challenge. For datasets containing many data points, several models were trained using PPG signals: a deep residual network convolutional neural network (ResNetCNN) ResNetCNN, an Xception architecture, a bidirectional long short-term memory (BILSTM), and a combination of these models. Training and testing datasets were assigned using a fivefold cross validation approach. Based on the testing dataset, the model demonstrated a proper classification accuracy of 91.8%.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Performance and eye movement patterns of industrial design students reading sustainable design articles

Mao Y, Han Y, Li P, Si C, Wu D

Sci Rep, 2024 Jul 15;14(1):16267.
PMID: 39009746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67223-2

Sustainable design education plays a crucial role in cultivating sustainability awareness and competencies among students studying industrial design. This research investigates their sustainability levels, reading performance when engaging with articles, and fixation patterns during reading. 60 industrial design students participated in the study. We evaluated their sustainability levels using the Sustainable Consumption Measurement Scale. After reading both theoretical and case article, they completed tests assessing their recall and perspective scores. We collected eye-tracking data to analyze fixation duration and conducted lag sequential analysis on fixation transitions. Students were categorized into higher and lower sustainability groups based on their sustainability scores. Female students demonstrated higher sustainability levels, and students with design experience performed better in the higher sustainability group. While recall scores did not differ significantly, the higher sustainability group exhibited elevated perspective scores in theory article. Perspective scores were generally higher for case article compared to theory article. The higher sustainability group exhibited longer fixation durations in theory article, while the case article had longer fixation durations on images. Fixation transition patterns varied between theoretical and case article, with the former featuring transitions from images to texts, and the latter demonstrating transitions between images. This study provides valuable insights into sustainable design education for students studying industrial design.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) microstates of healthy individuals following mild sleep deprivation

Khoo SY, Lai WH, On SH, On YY, Adam BM, Law WC, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Jul 22;14(1):16820.
PMID: 39039219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67902-0

Mild sleep deprivation is widespread in many societies worldwide. Electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis provides information on spatial and temporal characteristics of resting brain network, serving as an indicator of neurophysiological activities at rest. This study seeks to investigate potential neural markers in EEG following mild sleep deprivation of a single night using EEG microstate analysis. Six-minute resting EEG was conducted on thirty healthy adults within 6 hours of waking in the morning and after at least 18 h of sleep deprivation. Translated and validated Malay language Karolinska Sleepiness Scale was used to assess the participants' degree of sleepiness. Microstate characteristics analysis was conducted on the final 24 subjects based on four standard microstate maps. Microstate C shows a significant increase in mean duration, coverage and occurrence, while microstate D has significantly higher occurrence after sleep deprivation. This study demonstrates notable changes in resting state EEG microstates following mild sleep deprivation. Present findings deepen our understanding of the brain's spatiotemporal dynamics under this condition and suggest the potential utility of neural markers in this domain as components of composite markers for sleep deprivation.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Isolated systolic hypertension in Asia

Tsai TY, Cheng HM, Chuang SY, Chia YC, Soenarta AA, Minh HV, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 03;23(3):467-474.
PMID: 33249701 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14111

Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is the most common type of essential hypertension in the elderly and young adults. With rapid industrialization and population aging, the prevalence of ISH in Asia will rise substantially. Asian populations have distinct epidemiological features, risk factors and are especially vulnerable to ISH. There is a pressing need for Asian countries to formulate their unique strategies for control of ISH. In this review, we focus on the (1) epidemiology and pathophysiology, (2) risk factors and impact on outcomes, and (3) treatment goal and strategy for ISH in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Perceived Social Support Increases Creativity: Experimental Evidence

Tan CS, Chin XY, Chng ST, Lee J, Ooi CS

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Sep 19;19(18).
PMID: 36142114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811841

The literature has consistently shown that social support has a positive relationship with creativity. However, further investigation is needed to clarify the causal relationship between the two constructs. The present study addressed this need by exploring the impact of experimentally induced perceived social support on creativity among young adults. A total of 135 undergraduate students in Malaysia participated in an online experiment. All participants first answered the creative self-efficacy scale and were then randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. Perceived social support was primed by a writing test and measured by the Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Social Support. Both groups also answered a divergent thinking test (measured for fluency, flexibility, and originality) and a self-rated creativity scale. Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that, after statistically controlling for the effect of creative self-efficacy, participants in the experimental group reported higher scores in perceived social support and all creativity measures than their counterparts in the control group. The results demonstrated that the manipulation is effective and the induced perceived social support leads to higher creativity. Our findings not only offer empirical evidence of the causality of social support and creativity but also has practical value for creativity development.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Assessing institutional image's influence on student satisfaction and loyalty in Singapore's higher education: A study on higher learning institution students

Seow CW, Hussain T

Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Aug;248:104412.
PMID: 39053053 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104412

This research project expands on previous studies to analyze the institutional image from the perspective of higher education students in Singapore. The work builds on extensive prior research and examines the impact of the recent pandemic and lockdowns in Asia, which have increased Singapore's popularity as a study destination for Asian students, particularly from China. Known as the Garden City and one of Asia's wealthiest cities, Singapore has grown significantly due to foreign direct investment and its strategic location near Malaysia and Indonesia. This study aims to identify institutional and city image dimensions in higher education, focusing on three of Singapore's six publicly funded universities. The critical factors examined include Institutional Image, Economic Image, Social Image, Environmental Image, Perceived Educational Quality, and Satisfaction and Loyalty. These factors are crucial for Singapore's goal to become an innovation and talent powerhouse by 2030, aligning with national scientific and technological advancement plans. The research also explores how Singapore competes with traditional study destinations like the USA, Britain, and Australia.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Analysis of Jumping-Landing Manoeuvers after Different Speed Performances in Soccer Players

Daneshjoo A, Abu Osman NA, Sahebozamani M, Yusof A

PLoS One, 2015;10(11):e0143323.
PMID: 26599336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143323

PURPOSE: Running at high speed and sudden change in direction or activity stresses the knee. Surprisingly, not many studies have investigated the effects of sprinting on knee's kinetics and kinematics of soccer players. Hence, this study is aimed to investigate indices of injury risk factors of jumping-landing maneuvers performed immediately after sprinting in male soccer players.
METHODS: Twenty-three collegiate male soccer players (22.1±1.7 years) were tested in four conditions; vertical jump (VJ), vertical jump immediately after slow running (VJSR), vertical jump immediately after sprinting (VJFR) and double horizontal jump immediately after sprinting (HJFR). The kinematics and kinetics data were measured using Vicon motion analyzer (100Hz) and two Kistler force platforms (1000Hz), respectively.
RESULTS: For knee flexion joint angle, (p = 0.014, η = 0.15) and knee valgus moment (p = 0.001, η = 0.71) differences between condition in the landing phase were found. For knee valgus joint angle, a main effect between legs in the jumping phase was found (p = 0.006, η = 0.31), which suggests bilateral deficit existed between the right and left lower limbs.
CONCLUSION: In brief, the important findings were greater knee valgus moment and less knee flexion joint angle proceeding sprint (HJFR & VJFR) rather than no sprint condition (VJ) present an increased risk for knee injuries. These results seem to suggest that running and sudden subsequent jumping-landing activity experienced during playing soccer may negatively change the knee valgus moment. Thus, sprinting preceding a jump task may increase knee risk factors such as moment and knee flexion joint angle.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Comparative effectiveness and safety of various treatment procedures for lower pole renal calculi: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Lee SW, Chaiyakunapruk N, Chong HY, Liong ML

BJU Int, 2015 Aug;116(2):252-64.
PMID: 25381743 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12983

To compare the effectiveness of various treatments used for lower pole renal calculi.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext The effects of a distracting N-back task on recognition memory are reduced by negative emotional intensity

Buratto LG, Pottage CL, Brown C, Morrison CM, Schaefer A

PLoS One, 2014;9(10):e110211.
PMID: 25330251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110211

Memory performance is usually impaired when participants have to encode information while performing a concurrent task. Recent studies using recall tasks have found that emotional items are more resistant to such cognitive depletion effects than non-emotional items. However, when recognition tasks are used, the same effect is more elusive as recent recognition studies have obtained contradictory results. In two experiments, we provide evidence that negative emotional content can reliably reduce the effects of cognitive depletion on recognition memory only if stimuli with high levels of emotional intensity are used. In particular, we found that recognition performance for realistic pictures was impaired by a secondary 3-back working memory task during encoding if stimuli were emotionally neutral or had moderate levels of negative emotionality. In contrast, when negative pictures with high levels of emotional intensity were used, the detrimental effects of the secondary task were significantly attenuated.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Spontaneous haemothorax: a case report

Ho C, Ismail AR

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Oct;69(5):234-5.
PMID: 25638240 MyJurnal

Haemothorax is one of the less common presentations that requires hospital admission. Most cases are associated with underlying causes, but there is such an entity called spontaneous haemothorax. Spontaneous haemothorax is commonly associated with adhesions within the pleural cavity. Here, we reported two cases of young adults who presented with massive spontaneous haemothorax and required emergency thoracotomy for haemostasis purpose.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Recollecting positive and negative autobiographical memories disrupts working memory

Allen RJ, Schaefer A, Falcon T

Acta Psychol (Amst), 2014 Sep;151:237-43.
PMID: 25086225 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.07.003

The present article reports two experiments examining the impact of recollecting emotionally valenced autobiographical memories on subsequent working memory (WM) task performance. Experiment 1 found that negatively valenced recollection significantly disrupted performance on a supra-span spatial WM task. Experiment 2 replicated and extended these findings to a verbal WM task (digit recall), and found that both negative and positive autobiographical recollections had a detrimental effect on verbal WM. In addition, we observed that these disruptive effects were more apparent on early trials, immediately following autobiographical recollection. Overall, these findings show that both positive and negative affect can disrupt WM when the mood-eliciting context is based on autobiographical memories. Furthermore, these results indicate that the emotional disruption of WM can take place across different modalities of WM (verbal and visuo-spatial).

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Pregnancy outcomes with a primary complaint of perception of reduced fetal movements

Nor Azlin MI, Maisarah AS, Rahana AR, Shafiee MN, Aqmar Suraya S, Abdul Karim AK, et al.

J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015 Jan;35(1):13-5.
PMID: 24987985 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.930108

Reduced fetal movement is a worrisome common complaint, not only for mothers but also for the attending medical personnel. The aim of this study was to analyse the pregnancy outcomes of women who presented primarily with reduced fetal movements (RFM). A retrospective study was performed based on patients' perception alone. Obstetric, past medical history, current presentation and outcomes of pregnancy were analysed. A total of 230 case notes were reviewed, with the majority being primigravidae. Less than half (48.7%) of the women had spontaneous labour, 45.7% had induction and 5.6% had elective caesarean section. There were no maternal complications in 97.4% (n = 224) of them. About 0.9% (n = 2) and 1.7% (n = 4) had primary postpartum haemorrhage and extended perineal tear, respectively. Although there was no major neonatal mortality and morbidity, until a randomised trial with a significant sample is conducted in the management of RFM, careful selections for elective delivery or conservative management would prevent untoward complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Acne prevalence, severity and risk factors among medical students in Malaysia

Muthupalaniappen L, Tan HC, Puah JW, Apipi M, Sohaimi AE, Mahat NF, et al.

Clin Ter, 2014;165(4):187-92.
PMID: 25203331 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2014.1731

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acne is a common skin disorder which can cause physical scaring and impact the quality of life. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, severity and the risk factors for developing acne among medical students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study among UKM medical students from academic year 1 to 5 was conducted from July 2011 to May 2012. A total of 361 students were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. Baseline data of the students, risk factors, height and weight were recorded. Acne severity was graded using the Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS).
RESULTS: The prevalence of acne among medical students is 68.1% (n=246). Males and females were almost equally affected (1:1.1). Majority students with acne were graded as almost clear (55.7%, n=137), mild (35.0%, n=86), moderate (7.7%, n=19), and severe (1.6%, n=4). More than half of them had developed acne scars (59.0%, n= 213). Males were found to be at higher risk of developing acne compared to females (p<0.05, OR=4.734; 95%CL=2.726-8.222). They are also at higher risk of developing moderate and severe grades of acne compared to females (p=0.001). The odds for developing acne was higher when mother (p=0.029; OR=1.752; 95%CL=1.058-2.902) or father (p=0.027; OR=1.852; 95%CL=1.072-3.201) had acne. When both parents were affected by acne the odds of developing acne was 3 times. (p=0.025; OR=3.056; 95%CL=1.153-8.094).
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the prevalence of acne among medical students is high. Hence, it is important to identify those at risk and provide optimal treatment to prevent scarring and possible low self esteem among these future doctors.
KEYWORDS: acne vulgaris; medical; prevalence; risk factors; severity; students

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Clinical implication of interface pressure for a new prosthetic suspension system

Gholizadeh H, Osman NA, Eshraghi A, Abd Razak NA

Biomed Eng Online, 2014;13:89.
PMID: 24981801 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-13-89

Prosthesis suspension systems can alter the distribution of pressure within the prosthetic socket. This study evaluates a new suspension system for lower limb prostheses, and aims to compare the interface pressure and amputees' satisfaction with the new system compared with a common prosthetic suspension system (pin/lock).

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Investigation on motorcyclist riding behaviour at curve entry using instrumented motorcycle

Yuen CW, Karim MR, Saifizul A

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:968946.
PMID: 24523660 DOI: 10.1155/2014/968946

This paper details the study on the changes in riding behaviour, such as changes in speed as well as the brake force and throttle force applied, when motorcyclists ride over a curve section road using an instrumented motorcycle. In this study, an instrumented motorcycle equipped with various types of sensors, on-board cameras, and data loggers, was developed in order to collect the riding data on the study site. Results from the statistical analysis showed that riding characteristics, such as changes in speed, brake force, and throttle force applied, are influenced by the distance from the curve entry, riding experience, and travel mileage of the riders. A structural equation modeling was used to study the impact of these variables on the change of riding behaviour in curve entry section. Four regression equations are formed to study the relationship between four dependent variables, which are speed, throttle force, front brake force, and rear brake force applied with the independent variables.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Intrarater test-retest reliability of static and dynamic stability indexes measurement using the Biodex Stability System during unilateral stance

Arifin N, Abu Osman NA, Wan Abas WA

J Appl Biomech, 2014 Apr;30(2):300-4.
PMID: 23878204 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2013-0130

The measurements of postural balance often involve measurement error, which affects the analysis and interpretation of the outcomes. In most of the existing clinical rehabilitation research, the ability to produce reliable measures is a prerequisite for an accurate assessment of an intervention after a period of time. Although clinical balance assessment has been performed in previous study, none has determined the intrarater test-retest reliability of static and dynamic stability indexes during dominant single stance. In this study, one rater examined 20 healthy university students (female=12, male=8) in two sessions separated by 7 day intervals. Three stability indexes--the overall stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), and medial/ lateral stability index (MLSI) in static and dynamic conditions--were measured during single dominant stance. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error measurement (SEM) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Test-retest ICCs for OSI, APSI, and MLSI were 0.85, 0.78, and 0.84 during static condition and were 0.77, 0.77, and 0.65 during dynamic condition, respectively. We concluded that the postural stability assessment using Biodex stability system demonstrates good-to-excellent test-retest reliability over a 1 week time interval.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Acoustic characteristics of vowels by normal Malaysian Malay young adults

Ting HN, Chia SY, Abdul Hamid B, Mukari SZ

J Voice, 2011 Nov;25(6):e305-9.
PMID: 21429707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.05.007

The acoustic characteristics of sustained vowel have been widely investigated across various languages and ethnic groups. These acoustic measures, including fundamental frequency (F(0)), jitter (Jitt), relative average perturbation (RAP), five-point period perturbation quotient (PPQ5), shimmer (Shim), and 11-point amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ11) are not well established for Malaysian Malay young adults. This article studies the acoustic measures of Malaysian Malay adults using acoustical analysis. The study analyzed six sustained Malay vowels of 60 normal native Malaysian Malay adults with a mean of 21.19 years. The F(0) values of Malaysian Malay males and females were reported as 134.85±18.54 and 238.27±24.06Hz, respectively. Malaysian Malay females had significantly higher F(0) than that of males for all the vowels. However, no significant differences were observed between the genders for the perturbation measures in all the vowels, except RAP in /e/. No significant F(0) differences between the vowels were observed. Significant differences between the vowels were reported for all perturbation measures in Malaysian Malay males. As for Malaysian Malay females, significant differences between the vowels were reported for Shim and APQ11. Multiethnic comparisons indicate that F(0) varies between Malaysian Malay and other ethnic groups. However, the perturbation measures cannot be directly compared, where the measures vary significantly across different speech analysis softwares.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Congenital trans-mesenteric herniation: a rare cause of small intestine strangulation in adults

Umaparan G, Nallusamy K, Abdul Wahab MH, Mohammad Nor AM, Mat Arif NA

J Surg Case Rep, 2012 Dec 04;2012(11).
PMID: 24968390 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjs003

Trans-mesenteric hernia is a form of internal hernia which is an extremely rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adults compared with the pediatric population. It often presents with complications such as acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis requiring immediate surgical intervention. We report a case of a 21-year-old woman who presented to us with an acute abdomen and peritonitis that required an immediate exploratory laparotomy. She was found to have a small congenital mesenteric defect with strangulated segment of ileum. Gangrenous portion of the ileum was resected and the congenital defect was closed. The patient made an uneventful recovery. The occurrence of trans-mesenteric hernia in adults is rare and difficult to be diagnosed clinically; thus, the patient's clinical features may lead to early surgical intervention in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Fulltext Cerebral toxoplasmosis in systemic lupus erythematosus following intravenous methylprednisolone

Pagalavan L, Kan FK

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):68-70.
PMID: 23765150 MyJurnal

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An 18 year old male student, newly diagnosed to have SLE, developed neurological symptoms two days after completing intravenous methylprednisolone. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed features consistent with a diagnosis of probable cerebral toxoplasmosis. He responded dramatically to antitoxoplasma therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature that presents a newly diagnosed SLE patient who rapidly developed cerebral toxoplasmosis following administration of intravenous methylprednisolone. Our case illustrates that this drug is potentially fatal and the importance of differentiating cerebral infection from neuropsychiatric lupus.

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
Correlation between urinary nicotine, cotinine and self-reported smoking status among educated young adults

Man CN, Fathelrahman AI, Harn GL, Lajis R, Samin AS, Omar M, et al.

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2009 Jul;28(1):92-6.
PMID: 21783987 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.03.003

The objective of this study was to correlate, differentiate and validate the self-reported smoking status of educated young adults with urinary biomarkers (i.e. nicotine and cotinine). Freshmen students were recruited on voluntary basis. They filled-up self-administered questionnaire and their urine samples were collected for analysis. The urinary nicotine (UN) and cotinine (UC) were measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers were found to be both significantly correlated and different in their UN and UC levels. UC level of 25ng/ml was the optimal cut-off to differentiate smokers from non-smokers. Using this cut-off value, the prevalence of smoking among the students was found to be higher (15.4%) than the self-reported data (14.3%). UC is useful in validating individual recent smoking history and the cut-off could serve as a marker for assessing the clinical impact of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on human health.
Study site: university health centre, Universiti SainsMalaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult

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