Displaying publications 801 - 820 of 1919 in total

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  1. Fulltext Phase behavior and fluid interactions of a CO2-Light oil system at high pressures and temperatures
    Rezk MG, Foroozesh J
    Heliyon, 2019 Jul;5(7):e02057.
    PMID: 31384679 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02057
    This paper investigates the phase behavior and mutual interactions between a light crude oil and CO2 at high pressures and high temperatures (HPHT). To do so, we have measured PVT properties of the CO2-oil system at HPHT using a PVT setup. We have also tried to present a detailed methodology for measuring PVT properties of CO2-oil systems and highlight the difficulties such as oil vaporization by CO2 during the experiments. A crude oil sample, collected from a Malaysian oil field, was used here. Our experiments indicated that, CO2 solubility in the oil increased at higher pressures when measured at a fixed temperature. Our experiments also showed that increasing the test temperature would reduce CO2 solubility in the oil, while its effect is more significant at higher pressures. The swelling factor (SF) measurements showed an increasing trend with pressure up to a certain value so-called extraction pressure, at which, the SF started to be reduced even became less than one. The measurements of oil viscosity indicated that CO2 dissolution in the oil sample could reduce the mixture viscosity up to 61%. The interfacial tensions between CO2 and the crude oil at different pressures were also measured while the results were used to estimate the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) and the first contact miscibility (FCM) pressure. The IFT measurements at various pressures displayed a reduction trend as a result of more CO2 dissolution in the oil but with two different slopes. That is, at lower pressure values, the measured IFTs were sharply reduced with pressure, while the reduction rate of the IFT became less when pressures exceeded the extraction pressure. This study helps with determining the optimum pressure and temperature conditions of CO2-oil systems to have a minimum IFT, a maximum CO2 solubility and SF, and a minimum oil viscosity that are favorable for CO2-enhanced oil recovery projects. Additionally, the methodology presented here gives guidelines on how to design PVT experiments of CO2-oil systems for petroleum and chemical engineering applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pressure
  2. Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Identification of Hemoglobin Subunits α, β, γ and δ in Unknown Peaks of High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Hemoglobin in β-Thalassemias
    Abdullah UYH, Ibrahim HM, Mahmud NB, Salleh MZ, Kek TL, Noorizhab MNFB, et al.
    Hemoglobin, 2019 May;43(3):182-187.
    PMID: 31298599 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2019.1632893
    This is the first report of quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometric identification of the hemoglobin (Hb) subunits, α, β, δ and γ peptides, derived from enzymatic-digestion of proteins in the early unknown peaks of the cation exchange chromatography of Hb. The objectives were to identify the unknown high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks in healthy subjects and in patients with β-thalassemia (β-thal). The results demonstrate the existence of pools of free globin chains in red blood cells (RBCs). The α-, β-, δ- and γ-globin peptides were identified in the unknown HPLC peaks. The quantification and role of the free globin pool in patients with β-thal requires further investigation. Identification of all types of Hb subunits in the retention time (RT) before 1 min. suggests that altered Hbs is the nature of these fast-eluting peaks. Relevancy of thalassemias to the protein-aggregation disorders will require review of the role of free globin in the pathology of the disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  3. Fulltext Wearable IoT Smart-Log Patch: An Edge Computing-Based Bayesian Deep Learning Network System for Multi Access Physical Monitoring System
    Manogaran G, Shakeel PM, Fouad H, Nam Y, Baskar S, Chilamkurti N, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2019 Jul 09;19(13).
    PMID: 31324070 DOI: 10.3390/s19133030
    According to the survey on various health centres, smart log-based multi access physical monitoring system determines the health conditions of humans and their associated problems present in their lifestyle. At present, deficiency in significant nutrients leads to deterioration of organs, which creates various health problems, particularly for infants, children, and adults. Due to the importance of a multi access physical monitoring system, children and adolescents' physical activities should be continuously monitored for eliminating difficulties in their life using a smart environment system. Nowadays, in real-time necessity on multi access physical monitoring systems, information requirements and the effective diagnosis of health condition is the challenging task in practice. In this research, wearable smart-log patch with Internet of Things (IoT) sensors has been designed and developed with multimedia technology. Further, the data computation in that smart-log patch has been analysed using edge computing on Bayesian deep learning network (EC-BDLN), which helps to infer and identify various physical data collected from the humans in an accurate manner to monitor their physical activities. Then, the efficiency of this wearable IoT system with multimedia technology is evaluated using experimental results and discussed in terms of accuracy, efficiency, mean residual error, delay, and less energy consumption. This state-of-the-art smart-log patch is considered as one of evolutionary research in health checking of multi access physical monitoring systems with multimedia technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  4. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel diphenyl ether derivatives against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Kar SS, Bhat VG, Shenoy VP, Bairy I, Shenoy GG
    Chem Biol Drug Des, 2019 01;93(1):60-66.
    PMID: 30118192 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13379
    In our efforts to develop druggable diphenyl ethers as potential antitubercular agents, a series of novel diphenyl ether derivatives (5a-f, 6a-f) were designed and synthesized. The representative compounds showed promising in vitro activity against drug-susceptible, isoniazid-resistant, and multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC values of 1.56 μg/ml (6b), 6.25 μg/ml (6a-d), and 3.125 μg/ml (6b-c), respectively. All the synthesized compounds exhibited satisfactory safety profile (CC50  > 300 μg/ml) against Vero and HepG2 cells. Reverse phase HPLC method was used to probe the physicochemical properties of the synthesized compounds. This series of compounds demonstrated comparatively low logP values. pKa values of representative compounds indicated that they were weak acids. Additionally, in vitro human liver microsomal stability assay confirmed that the synthesized compounds possessed acceptable stability under study conditions. The present study thus establishes compound 6b as the most promising antitubercular agent with acceptable drug-likeness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  5. Physical examination and basic haematological findings in a selected group of migrant workers in Malaysia
    Chia YC
    JUMMEC, 2002;7:40-43.
    The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and extent of diseases present among migrant workers. A total of 809 migrant workers were examined. The mean BMI (Body Mass Index) was 22.3 kg/m2. Only 4.9% of the respondents had blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg. Generally the migrant workers examined were healthy, except for subjects with abnormal eosinophilia coutns, which may indicate occult parasitic infestation. Non-communicable disease in particular hypertension and diabetes mellitus are not major problems among migrant workers. Perhaps the target to aim at are the illegal migrant workers where more illness could be detected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  6. Erectile dysfunction (ED), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and testosterone deficiency (TD): Men's major concern (MMC) - An important portal for promoting men's health?
    Tan WP, Fong ZV, Tong SF, Low WY, Tan HM
    Journal of Men's Health, 2011;8:S81-S83.
    DOI: 10.1016/S1875-6867(11)60029-8
    Background: Men's major concern (MMC) is a common quality of life issue affecting the aging male population. This paper examines the association between MMC and cardiometabolic diseases in Malaysian men in an urban setting.
    Methods: A cross-sectional community based study was conducted in an urban area involving 1046 men, aged over 40 years and above, who were randomly selected using the electoral roll in Selangor Malaysia. Participants were assessed by trained doctors using structured questionnaire which included medical history, IIEF-5 to assess men's erectile dysfunction and IPSS score to assess prostatic symptoms. Clinical assessments including blood pressure, weight, height and waist circumference were performed. In addition, biochemical assessments for fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were done.
    Results: The response rate was 62.8%. The mean age of the participants was 55.8±8.4 (range: 41-93) years. Around two fifth of the participants (39.8%) had no MMC, 28.4% were diagnosed with 1 MMC, 9.9% with 2MMCs and 1.2% with 3MMCs. Increasing number of MMCs were significantly associated with increasing rate of cardiometabolic diseases (No MMC = 26.2%, 1 MMC = 43.4%, 2 MMCs = 63.5% and 3 MMCs = 69.2%) (P < 0.01) and metabolic syndrome based on Asian criteria (No MMC = 21.5%, 1 MMC = 39.0%, 2 MMCs = 49.1%, 3 MMCs = 62.5%) (P < 0.01). Participants with one or more MMC significantly showed a higher proportion of undiagnosed diabetes as well as reported diabetes (No MMC = 1.7%, 1 or more MMCs = 3.6%) when compared to participants without MMC (P ≤ 0.01).
    Conclusions: Men's Major Concerns (e.g., ED, LUTS and TD) were associated with cardiometabolic diseases and collectively, they could be used as an important portal to men's health. © 2011 WPMH GmbH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  7. Fulltext A brief review on ACE I/D gene polymorphism and blood pressure response to exercise training
    Hazwani Ahmad Yusof, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):179-189.
    MyJurnal
    Exercise has been suggested as the best and the most affordable way for managing blood pressure. The insertion/ deletion of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D gene polymorphism had been reported to be linked with sev- eral diseases such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Several studies showed that blood pressure response to exercise training for health management also vary among individuals with different genotypes of ACE I/D gene poly- morphism. A study of 9 months of endurance exercise training at 75 to 85 % of VO2max showed that the decrease of resting blood pressure in I allele carriers wass greater than D allele carriers. In contrast, other study discovered that adult women with D allele had greater reduction in resting blood pressure than those with I allele, following a 12-week combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. Despite the inconsistencies of some findings, it has remained unknown if the ACE I/D gene polymorphism would also influence blood pressure response to isometric handgrip training that had been found to be superior to the dynamic resistance exercise training in controlling and preventing high blood pressure. Thus, this article was to review the literature on ACE I/D gene polymorphism and blood pressure response to exercise training that could serve as the basis for future research to identify individuals who will lower resting blood pressure the most with exercise training program for health management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  8. Investigation into mechanical, absorption and swelling behaviour of hemp/sisal fibre reinforced bioepoxy hybrid composites: Effects of stacking sequences
    Thiagamani SMK, Krishnasamy S, Muthukumar C, Tengsuthiwat J, Nagarajan R, Siengchin S, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2019 Nov 01;140:637-646.
    PMID: 31437507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.166
    This work focuses on the fabrication of hybrid bio-composites using green epoxy as the matrix material, hemp (H) and sisal (S) fibre mats as the reinforcements. The hybrid composite with sisal/hemp fibres were fabricated by cost effective hand lay-up technique, followed by hot press with different stacking sequences. Static properties of the composites such as tensile, compressive, inter-laminar shear strengths (ILSS) and hardness were examined. The physical properties such as density, void content, water absorption and thickness swelling were also analyzed. The experimental results indicate that hybrid composites exhibited minor variation in tensile strength when the stacking sequence was altered. The hybrid composite with the intercalated arrangement (HSHS) exhibited the highest tensile modulus when compared with the other hybrid counterparts. Hybrid composites (SHHS and HSSH) offered 40% higher values of compressive strength than the other layering arrangements. HHHH sample exhibited the highest ILSS value of 4.08 MPa. Typical failure characteristics of the short beam test such as inter-laminar shear cracks in the transverse direction, micro-buckling and fibre rupture were also observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pressure
  9. Fulltext Controlling the pressure of hydrogen-natural gas mixture in an inclined pipeline
    Chaharborj SS, Amin N
    PLoS One, 2020;15(2):e0228955.
    PMID: 32106248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228955
    This paper discusses the optimal control of pressure using the zero-gradient control (ZGC) approach. It is applied for the first time in the study to control the optimal pressure of hydrogen natural gas mixture in an inclined pipeline. The solution to the flow problem is first validated with existing results using the Taylor series approximation, regression analysis and the Runge-Kutta method combined. The optimal pressure is then determined using ZGC where the optimal set points are calculated without having to solve the non-linear system of equations associated with the standard optimization problem. It is shown that the mass ratio is the more effective parameter compared to the initial pressure in controlling the maximum variation of pressure in a gas pipeline.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pressure
  10. Fulltext UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS Analysis of Biologically Active Extracts from Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. and Cleome gynandra L. Leaves
    Chandradevan M, Simoh S, Mediani A, Ismail NH, Ismail IS, Abas F
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2020;2020:3238561.
    PMID: 32047522 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3238561
    This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging, α-glucosidase, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition of Gynura procumbens and Cleome gynandra extracts obtained with five different ethanolic concentrations. The findings showed that the 100% ethanolic extract of G. procumbens had the highest phenolic content and the lowest IC50 values for DPPH scavenging and NO inhibition activity compared to the properties of the other extracts. For C. gynandra, the 20% and 100% ethanolic extracts had comparably high total phenolic contents, and the latter possessed the lowest IC50 value in the NO inhibition assay. In addition, the 20% ethanolic extract of C. gynandra had the lowest IC50 value in the DPPH scavenging assay. However, none of the extracts from either herb had the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong relationship between the phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity in both herb extracts. A moderately strong relationship was also observed between the phenolic content and NO inhibition in G. procumbens extracts and not in C. gynandra extracts. The UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS revealed major phenolics from the groups of hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and flavonoid derivatives from both herbs, which could be the key contributors to their bioactivities. Among the identified metabolites, 24 metabolites were tentatively assigned for the first time from both species of studied herbs. These two herbs could be recommended as prospective natural products with valuable medicinal properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  11. Micro-RNA and the Features of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review
    Das S, Mohamed IN, Teoh SL, Thevaraj T, Ku Ahmad Nasir KN, Zawawi A, et al.
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2020;20(7):626-635.
    PMID: 31969099 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200122124445
    The incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has risen globally. MetS includes a combination of features, i.e. blood glucose impairment, excess abdominal/body fat dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure. Other than conventional treatment with drugs, the main preventive approaches include lifestyle changes, weight loss, diet control and adequate exercise also proves to be beneficial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in most biological and pathological processes. In the present review, we discuss various miRNAs which are related to MetS by targeting various organs, including the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. These miRNAs have the effect on insulin production and secretion (miR-9, miR-124a, miR-130a,b, miR152, miR-335, miR-375), insulin resistance (miR-29), adipogenesis (miR-143, miR148a) and lipid metabolism (miR-192). We also discuss the miRNAs as potential biomarkers and future therapeutic targets. This review may be beneficial for molecular biologists and clinicians dealing with MetS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  12. Fulltext Safety Assessment of Methanol Extract of Melastoma malabathricum L. Leaves following the Subacute and Subchronic Oral Consumptions in Rats and Its Cytotoxic Effect against the HT29 Cancer Cell Line
    Kamsani NE, Zakaria ZA, Md Nasir NL, Mohtarrudin N, Mohamad Alitheen NB
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2019;2019:5207958.
    PMID: 31885651 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5207958
    Methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum (MEMM) has been traditionally used by the Malay to treat various ailments. In an attempt to develop the plant as an herbal product, MEMM was subjected to the subacute and subchronic toxicity and cytotoxicity studies. On the one hand, the subacute study was performed on three groups of male and three groups of female rats (n = 6), which were orally administered with 8% Tween 80 (vehicle control group) or MEMM (500 and 1000 mg/kg) daily for 28 days, respectively. On the other hand, the subchronic study was performed on four groups of rats (n = 6), which were orally administered with 8% Tween 80 (vehicle control group) or MEMM (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg) daily for 90 days, respectively. In the in vitro study, the cytotoxic effect of MEMM against the HT29 colon cancer cell line was assessed using the MTT assay. MEMM was also subjected to the UHPLC-ESI-HRMS analysis. The results demonstrated that MEMM administration did not cause any mortality, irregularity of behaviour, modification in body weight, as well as food and water intake following the subacute and subchronic oral treatment. There were no significant differences observed in haematological parameters between treatment and control groups in both studies, respectively. The in vitro study demonstrated that MEMM exerts a cytotoxic effect against the HT29 colon cancer cell line when observed under the inverted and phase-contrast microscope and confirmed by the acridine orange/propidium iodide (AOPI) staining. The UHPLC-ESI-HRMS analysis of MEMM demonstrated the occurrence of several compounds including quercetin, p-coumaric acid, procyanidin A, and epigallocatechin. In conclusion, M. malabathricum leaves are safe for oral consumption either at the subacute or subchronic levels and possess cytotoxic action against the HT29 colon cancer cells possibly due to the synergistic action of several flavonoid-based compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  13. Fulltext Properties and Characterization of New Approach Organic Nanoparticle-Based Biocomposite Board
    Ismail I, Arliyani, Jalil Z, Mursal, Olaiya NG, Abdullah CK, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Sep 28;12(10).
    PMID: 32998404 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102236
    Conventionally, panel boards are produced with material flex or microparticle with P.U. or U.F. as adhesives. However, in this study, nanoparticle with epoxy resin as an adhesive was used to produce nanoboard. Coconut shell nanoparticle composite with epoxy resin as an adhesive was prepared using a compression molding technique. The coconut shell particles were originally 200 mesh size and then milled mechanically with a ball mill for the duration of 10, 20, 30, and 40 h (milling times) to produce nanoparticles. The composition ratio of the composite is 85 vol.% of coconut shell and 15 vol.% of epoxy resin. The formation of nanoparticles was observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical, physical, and microstructure properties of the composite were examined with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and universal testing machine. The results established that the properties of the composite (microstructures, mechanical, and physical) are influenced by the duration of milling of coconut shell particles. The modulus and flexural strength of the composite improved with an increase in the milling time. The density, thickness swelling, and porosity of the composite were also influenced by the milling times. The result suggested that the composite properties were influenced by the particle size of the coconut shell. The coconut shell nanoparticle composite can be used in the manufacturing of hybrid panels and board.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pressure
  14. Occurrences of heart disease in apparently healthy cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia
    Khor KH, Chin MX
    J Adv Vet Anim Res, 2020 Sep;7(3):501-508.
    PMID: 33005676 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g446
    Objective: Annual health screening inclusive of heart workup is recommended for the detection of heart diseases, especially in asymptomatic patients (no clinical signs). This study determined the occurrences of the common heart disease and the risk factors in apparently healthy cats.

    Materials and methods: This prospective study that screened 59 healthy cats and the status of the heart were evaluated based on a combination of findings from physical examination, electrocardiography, blood pressure measurement, routine blood test, urinalysis, and total thyroid level.

    Results: Approximately 40.7% (n = 24/59) of the apparently healthy cats were diagnosed with heart disease hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (62.5%) remains to be the most commonly diagnosed. The mean age was 4.9-year old (age range, 7-month-old to 19-year-old). The prevalence was higher in males (45.0%; n = 17/38) cats, especially the domestic shorthairs (46.0%; n = 11/24). Among the healthy cats with vertebral heart scale (VHS) > 8.0, only 52% (n = 12/23) of them were diagnosed with cardiomyopathy. However, 33% (n = 12/36) of the cats with normal VHS ≤ 7.9 were diagnosed with heart disease. Consistently, all healthy cats with abnormal heart sounds were diagnosed with heart disease. About 31.4% (n = 16/51) of these cats with typical heart sound had cardiomyopathy too.

    Conclusion: The occurrence of cardiomyopathy in apparently healthy cats has no association with the patient's age, sex, and VHS, except for the heart sound. Echocardiography remains the best diagnostic tool, as normal heart size and normal heart sound do not exclude cardiomyopathy in this group of apparently healthy cats.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  15. Fulltext Antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of melastoma malabathricum l.leaves and mechanisms of action in experimentalanimals
    Erman Shah Jaios, Suzanah Abdul Rahman, Mooi, Ching Siew, Arifah Abdul Kadir, Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa, Zainul Amirudin Zakaria
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2017;1(1):1-1.
    MyJurnal
    Objectives/Research Problem:Melastoma malabathricum L., (Melastomaceae) is a medicinally important plant known as “Senduduk”. Traditionally, the leaves are used to relieve diverse pain-related ailments. Present study aims to examine the antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of M. malabathricum (MEMM) leaves and its fractions via in vivo models of nociception.

    Materials and Method: Extracts (100, 250, 500 mg/kg) were administered orally 60 minutes prior to subjection to the respective test, n=6/group. Evaluation of MEMM antinociceptive activity; chemically (acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction; ACT, formalin-induced paw licking test; FT) and thermally (hot plate test; HT) models of nociception and elucidation of mechanisms of action involved; role of opioid, vanilloid receptors, glutamatergic system and NO/cGMP pathway were determined. Continuously, MEMM, partitioned into three fractions: petroleum ether (PEMM), ethyl acetate (EAMM), and aqueous (AQMM) extracts and determine the most potent fraction. Therefore, experiment ED50 and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) values were conducted, and ACT was used to screen. Calculation, obtained, PEMM, the most effective was further used to assess the antinociceptive properties. Phytochemical screening, HPLC and GC-MS analysis were performed.

    Results and Discussion: First stage, MEMM exhibited significant (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  16. Fulltext Relationship between Ganoderma Ergosterol Concentration and Basal Stem Rot Disease Progress on Elaeis guineensis
    Md Saad M, Ali NS, Meon S
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Apr;31(1):19-43.
    PMID: 32963709 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.1.2
    Basal stem rot (BSR) is a devastating disease to Malaysian oil palm. Current techniques employed for BSR disease detection on oil palm are laborious, time consuming, costly, and subjected to accuracy limitations. An ergosterol detection method was developed, whereby it correlated well with the degree of infection in oil palm. This current study was designed to study the relationship between Ganoderma biomass, ergosterol concentration, BSR disease progress and to validate the efficiency of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method for extraction of ergosterol compound. In addition, testing on the sensitivity of thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis for detection of ergosterol was also the aim of this study. The optimised procedure involved extracting a small amount of Ganoderma-infected oil palm root tissues suspended in low volumes of solvent followed by irradiation in a conventional microwave oven at 70°C and medium high power for 30 s, resulting in simultaneous extraction and saponification. Based on the results obtained, MAE method may be effective in extracting low to high yields of ergosterol from infected oil palm roots demonstrating disease scale 2, 3 and 4. Positive relationship was observed between ergosterol content and inoculation period starting day 3 in the inoculated oil palm seedlings and hour 6 in germinated seeds. TLC analysis demonstrated a good correlation with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification. Therefore, a semi-quantitative TLC analysis may be applied for handling a large amount of samples during onset field survey.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  17. Fulltext Biochemical Constituent of Ginkgo biloba (Seed) 80% Methanol Extract Inhibits Cholinesterase Enzymes in Javanese Medaka (Oryzias javanicus) Model
    Hassan I, Wan Ibrahim WN, Yusuf FM, Ahmad SA, Ahmad S
    J Toxicol, 2020;2020:8815313.
    PMID: 33029137 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815313
    Background: Pathophysiological changes leading to the death of nerve cells present in the brain and spinal cord are referred to as neurodegenerative diseases. Presently, treatment of these diseases is not effective and encounters many challenges due to the cost of drug and side effects. Thus, the search for the alternative agents to replace synthetic drugs is in high demand. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anticholinesterase properties of Ginkgo biloba seed.

    Methods: The seed was extracted with 80% methanol. Toxicity studies and evaluation of anticholinesterase activities were carried out in adult Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus). Phytochemical study to identify the bioactive lead constituents of the crude extract was also carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

    Results: The result shows activities with high significant differences at P < 0.001 between the treated and nontreated groups. A bioactive compound (vitaxin) was identified with the aid of HPLC method.

    Conclusion: The presence of bioactive compound vitaxin is among the major secondary metabolites that contribute to increasing activities of this plant extract. High anticholinesterase activities and low toxicity effect of this plant show its benefit to be used as natural medicine or supplements.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  18. Fulltext Explorative Xylitol Detection from Lignocellulosic Biomass Fermentation of Coconut Husk Using HPLC C18 Column
    Mariam-Aisha Fatima, Muhammad Fahmi Mehdin, Nurain Nasrudin, Neelam Shahab
    Journal of Management & Science, 2018;16(2):29-38.
    MyJurnal
    Lignocellulosic biomass, found in wooden plant husks is a potent renewable material source which can be utilised to form various chemicals and biomaterials including polyols such as xylitol. Xylitol has been used commercially as an alternative to sucrose in many products as bulk sweetener in non-cariogenic confectionery as well as in diabetic diets and solutions for parenteral nutrition. Therefore, this study aims to optimise separation parameters of the Shimadzu high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Model No: LC-20A) and quantify the potential of coconut husk as substrate for Candida albicans in producing xylitol using HPLC. Pretreatment to depolymerise components of biomass i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were done using dilute acid hydrolysis method which yielded fermentable reducing sugars, xylose. Xylose is a monosaccharide with an aldehyde functional group, a reducing sugar which is then utilised and fermented by the yeast Candida albicans to form xylitol. In this study, the media used for fermenting pretreated coconut husk and Candida albicans is a synthetic defined (SD) minimal broth. Growth curves against concentration of reducing sugar were plotted to determine utilisation and production trends with specific mixes of carbon sources. The presence of reducing sugars were tested using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay in pretreated coconut husk yielded 13.22 g/L. In order to analyse the product with HPLC, an existing protocol is modified for Hypersil GOLD™ C18 column with acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Results obtained from HPLC analyses using developed protocol suggested the formation of xylitol from the fermentation of pretreated husk by Candida albicans. These can be followed by purification of fermented media in obtaining a better separation of contaminating peaks.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  19. SLEEP-GOAL: A multicenter success criteria outcome study on 302 obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients
    Pang KP, Baptista PM, Olszewska E, Braverman I, Carrasco-Llatas M, Kishore S, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 03;75(2):117-123.
    PMID: 32281591
    OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate SLEEP-GOAL as a more holistic and comprehensive success criterion for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) treatment.

    METHODS: A prospective 7-country clinical trial of 302 OSA patients, who met the selection criteria, and underwent nose, palate and/or tongue surgery. Pre- and post-operative data were recorded and analysed based on both the Sher criteria (apnoea hypopnea index, AHI reduction 50% and <20) and the SLEEP-GOAL.

    RESULTS: There were 229 males and 73 females, mean age of 42.4±17.3 years, mean BMI 27.9±4.2. The mean VAS score improved from 7.7±1.4 to 2.5±1.7 (p<0.05), mean Epworth score (ESS) improved from 12.2±4.6 to 4.9±2.8 (p<0.05), mean body mass index (BMI) decreased from 27.9±4.2 to 26.1±3.7 (p>0.05), gross weight decreased from 81.9±14.3kg to 76.6±13.3kg. The mean AHI decreased 33.4±18.9 to 14.6±11.0 (p<0.05), mean lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) improved 79.4±9.2% to 86.9±5.9% (p<0.05), and mean duration of oxygen <90% decreased from 32.6±8.9 minutes to 7.3±2.1 minutes (p<0.05). The overall success rate (302 patients) based on the Sher criteria was 66.2%. Crosstabulation of respective major/minor criteria fulfilment, based on fulfilment of two major and two minor or better, the success rate (based on SLEEP-GOAL) was 69.8%. Based solely on the Sher criteria, 63 patients who had significant blood pressure reduction, 29 patients who had BMI reduction and 66 patients who had clinically significant decrease in duration of oxygen <90% would have been misclassified as "failures".

    CONCLUSION: AHI as a single parameter is unreliable. Assessing true success outcomes of OSA treatment, requires comprehensive and holistic parameters, reflecting true end-organ injury/function; the SLEEP-GOAL meets these requirements.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  20. Fulltext Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Australian Indigenous Fruits
    Lim V, Gorji SG, Daygon VD, Fitzgerald M
    Metabolites, 2020 Mar 19;10(3).
    PMID: 32204361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030114
    Selected Australian native fruits such as Davidson's plum, finger lime and native pepperberry have been reported to demonstrate potent antioxidant activity. However, comprehensive metabolite profiling of these fruits is limited, therefore the compounds responsible are unknown, and further, the compounds of nutritional value in these native fruits are yet to be described. In this study, untargeted and targeted metabolomics were conducted using the three fruits, together with assays to determine their antioxidant activities. The results demonstrate that targeted free and hydrolysed protein amino acids exhibited high amounts of essential amino acids. Similarly, important minerals like potassium were detected in the fruit samples. In antioxidant activity, Davidson's plum reported the highest activity in ferric reducing power (FRAP), finger lime in antioxidant capacity (ABTS), and native pepperberry in free radical scavenging (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum assay. The compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity were tentatively identified using untargeted GC×GC-TOFMS and UHPLC-QqQ-TOF-MS/MS metabolomics. A clear discrimination into three clusters of fruits was observed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The correlation study identified a number of compounds that provide the antioxidant activities. GC×GC-TOFMS detected potent aroma compounds of limonene, furfural, and 1-R-α-pinene. Based on the untargeted and targeted metabolomics, and antioxidant assays, the nutritional potential of these Australian bush fruits is considerable and supports these indigenous fruits in the nutraceutical industry as well as functional ingredients for the food industry, with such outcomes benefiting Indigenous Australian communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
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