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Technological interventions for promoting sustainability: selected extended papers from an international conference 'CHEM-CONFLUX22'

Patle DS, Ahmad Z, Kumar S

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Mar 28.
PMID: 36973623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26521-4
Fulltext Methods of the Dehydration Process and Its Effect on the Physicochemical Properties of Stingless Bee Honey: A Review

Ikhsan LN, Chin KY, Ahmad F

Molecules, 2022 Oct 25;27(21).
PMID: 36364068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217243

Stingless bee honey (SLBH) has a high moisture content, making it more prone to fermentation and leading to honey spoilage. Dehydration of SLBH after harvest is needed to reduce the moisture content. This review compiles the available data on the dehydration methods for SLBH and their effect on its physicochemical properties. This review discovered the dehydration process of vacuum drying at 60 °C and 5% moisture setting, freeze-drying at −54 °C and 5% moisture setting for 24 h, and using a food dehydrator at 55 °C for 18 h could extract >80% water content in SLBH. As a result, these methods could decrease moisture content to <17% and water activity to <0.6. These will prevent the fermentation process and microorganism growth. The hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) contents remain within the permissible standard of <40 mg/kg. The total phenolic content increased after dehydration by these methods. Therefore, dehydration of SLBH is recommended to increase its benefits.
Fulltext Lockdown: The Impact on Management of Glaucoma in a Suburban Tertiary Centre in Malaysia

Sidhu JK, Yaakub A, Ahmad Tajudin LS

Cureus, 2023 Jan;15(1):e34412.
PMID: 36874736 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34412

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to a standstill in 2020. Many countries have imposed lockdowns, known as the movement-control order (MCO) in Malaysia, to prevent transmission of the disease.
AIM: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the MCO on the management of glaucoma patients in a suburban tertiary hospital.
METHODOLOGY: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 194 glaucoma patients between June 2020 and August 2020 in the glaucoma clinic at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. We evaluated the patients' treatment, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, and potential signs of progression. We compared the results with those of their last clinic visits prior to the MCO.
RESULTS: We studied 94 (48.5%) male and 100 (51.5%) female glaucoma patients with a mean age of 65 ± 13.7. The mean duration between pre-MCO and post-MCO follow-up was 26.4 ± 6.7 weeks. There was a significant increase in the number of patients with deterioration of visual acuity, and one patient lost his vision after the MCO. There was also a significant elevation of the mean IOP of the right eye: pre-MCO, 16.7 ± 7.8 mmHg, compared to post-MCO, 17.7 ± 8.8 mmHg (p = 0.027). The cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) for the right eye increased significantly from pre-MCO, 0.72 ± 0.18, to 0.74 ± 0.19 post-MCO (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant changes in IOP or CDR in the left eye. Twenty-four patients (12.4%) missed medications during the MCO period, and 35 patients (18%) required additional topical medications due to the progression of the disease. Only one patient (0.5%) required admission due to uncontrolled IOP.
CONCLUSION: Lockdown, as a preventive step in the COVID-19 pandemic, indirectly caused the progression of glaucoma and uncontrolled IOP.
Psychosocial Factors as Mediator to Food Security Status and Academic Performance among University Students

Ahmad NSS, Sulaiman N, Sabri MF

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 May 03;19(9).
PMID: 35564930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095535

The interrelation between food security, academic performance, and psychosocial factors remains unclear. This study aims to identify psychosocial factors as mediators of food security status and academic performance among university students at one of Malaysia’s public universities. Respondents included 663 bachelor’s degree students from seven randomly selected programmes at the university. Data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, food security status (US Adult Food Security Survey Module, FSSM), psychosocial factors (DASS-21), and academic performance were collected using an online survey. The SPSS PROCESS macro was used to perform mediation analysis. The result (β = −0.0182, p < 0.001) indicates that food insecurity is associated with poor academic performance. As well as that, an increase in anxiety (β = −0.0027, p < 0.05) and depression (β = −0.0025, p < 0.05) was significant associated with a decrease in academic performance. Furthermore, anxiety and depression serve as significant mediators in the relationship between food security and academic performance. Alleviating food insecurity is not only a way to improve academic performance; it can also improve academic performance by reducing anxiety and depression.
Fulltext Bibliometric Analysis of Accidental Oil Spills in Ice-Infested Waters

Kabyl A, Yang M, Shah D, Ahmad A

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Nov 17;19(22).
PMID: 36429909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215190

Oil spills are environmental pollution events that occur due to natural disasters or human activities, resulting in a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon release in the environment, especially into the marine ecosystem. Once oil spills happen, they cause detrimental consequences to the environment, living organisms, and humans. Although there are increasing oil and gas activities in the Arctic region, which is abundant with undiscovered oil and gas resources, the harsh environmental conditions of the region, such as the ice coverage, cold temperatures, long periods of darkness, and its remoteness, pose significant challenges to managing the risk of accidental oil spills in ice-infested waters. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis has been applied to study the global work on oil spill research in ice-infested waters. The paper aims to present an overview of the available oil spill response methods in ice-infested waters, identify the current trends of the research on oil spills in ice-infested waters, and determine the challenges with the future research directions based on the bibliometric analysis. The analysis includes a total number of 77 articles that have been published in this research field which were available in the Scopus database, involving 193 authors from 17 countries dating from 1960 to September 2022. During the bibliometric analysis, the top five most productive authors and countries as well as the most cited publications on oil spills in ice-infested waters have been identified; the authors' cooperation network and the cooperation network between the countries in oil spills research in ice-infested waters have been created; a co-citation analysis and a terms analysis have been performed to identify the popular terms and topics. For future directions, it is recommended for researchers (1) to study real oil spills as much as possible to obtain a good overview through replication under different situations; (2) to develop a new technique for the careful examination and management of the potential risks; (3) to study oil separation from the recovered oil-ice mixture.
Fulltext Thyroglossal duct carcinoma

Kahairi A, Ahmad RL, Wan Islah L, Hasmah H

Singapore Med J, 2009 Dec;50(12):e404-6.
PMID: 20087540

We report a 56-year-old Malay woman with a tumour that involved the skin and caused hyoid bone erosion. There was no clinical or radiological evidence of regional lymph node involvement. A modified radical neck dissection with preservation of the accessory nerve and internal jugular vein was performed, followed by an "extended" Sistrunk operation. The surgical defect was reconstructed with a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Our literature review showed that this is the first reported thyroglossal duct carcinoma which involved the skin and required a pedicle flap reconstruction.
Fulltext Malaysia-ACute CORonary syndromes Descriptive study (ACCORD): evaluation of compliance with existing guidelines in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Ahmad WA, Ramesh SV, Zambahari R

Singapore Med J, 2011 Jul;52(7):508-11.
PMID: 21808962

The ACute CORonary syndromes Descriptive study (ACCORD) is a prospective observational study that evaluates the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in clinical practice and the use of antiplatelet agents in acute settings and after discharge. The secondary objective of this study was to obtain information on risk factors in a large cohort of patients with ACS.
Comment in: Sachithanandan A. Malaysia-ACCORD study: tip of the cardiovascular iceberg--we must do better. Singapore Med J, 2011 Sep;52(9):702;
Fulltext Written Asthma Action Plan Improves Asthma Control and the Quality of Life among Pediatric Asthma Patients in Malaysia: A Randomized Control Trial

Muhammad J, Ngah ND, Ahmad I

Korean J Fam Med, 2023 Jan;44(1):44-52.
PMID: 36709960 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.22.0016

BACKGROUND: A written asthma action plan (WAAP) is one of the treatment strategies to achieve good asthma control in children.
METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted to observe the effect of WAAP on asthma control and quality of life using the Asthma Control Questionnaire and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) at baseline and after 3 months. A repeated measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the mean score difference between the two groups.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean score for asthma control at baseline between groups (F[degree of freedom (df)]=1.17 [1, 119], P=0.282). However, at 3 months, a significant difference in mean scores between groups was observed (F[df]=7.32 [1, 119], P=0.008). The mean±standard deviation (SD) scores in the intervention and control groups were 0.96±0.53 and 1.21±0.49, respectively. For the analysis of the PAQLQ, no significant difference was observed in the mean score for the quality of life baseline in both groups. There were significant mean score changes for the quality of life (F[df]=10.9 [1, 119], P=0.001) at 3 months follow-up, where those in the intervention group scored a mean±SD score of 6.19±0.45, and those in the control group scored 5.94±0.38. A time-group interaction analysis using repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences in mean score changes (F[df]=5.03 [1, 116], P=0.027) and (F[df]=11.55 [1, 116], P=0.001) where a lower mean score was observed in the intervention group, indicating better asthma control and quality of life, respectively. A significant (P<0.001) negative Pearson correlation between asthma control and quality of life (-0.65) indicated a moderate correlation.
CONCLUSION: WAAP, along with standard asthma treatment, improves asthma care.
Does economic prosperity lead to environmental sustainability in developing economies? Environmental Kuznets curve theory

Ahmad M, Muslija A, Satrovic E

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 May;28(18):22588-22601.
PMID: 33420933 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12276-9

Since developing countries experience economic and environmental sustainability challenges, it is desirable digging into the linkages between economic and environmental parameters. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory (i.e., the inverse U-shape connection between real GDP per capita and per capita carbon dioxide emissions) in the sample of 11 developing countries. By using balanced annual panel data in the period between 1992 and 2014 and two alternative estimation techniques, we explored the potential inverted U-shaped linkage between carbon dioxide emissions and real GDP per capita in the sample of interest. For analysis purposes, Pedroni and Westerlund co-integration techniques are employed. Then, fully modified ordinary least squares, pooled mean group methods are applied for long-run parameter estimations. And, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality approach is employed for causal directions. Firstly, this work's findings provide the supportive evidence to the inverse U-shaped linkage in the long-run, indicating that an increase in real GDP per capita and electricity consumption tends to mitigate long-run carbon dioxide emissions in the developing countries, for the whole sample. Secondly, the country-specific findings suggested the presence of EKC theory for Brazil, China, India, Malaysia, the Russian Federation, Thailand, and Turkey. It implicated that these countries are on the path of attaining environmental sustainability in the long-run. However, Mexico, Philippines, Indonesia, and South Africa failed to lend credence to the EKC theory. It manifested that these countries need to design strategies directed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from economic activity and electricity generation through efficiency improvement or promotion of renewables. Finally, bidirectional causal links are observed among all the variables of interest. The findings suggest that country-specific targeted action plans should be implemented to ensure the environmental sustainability in the developing world.
Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the Malaysian Sea against coral (Turbinaria sp.) and sea bass (Lates calcarifer)

Hamid R, Ahmad A, Usup G

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 Sep;23(17):17269-76.
PMID: 27221587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6655-8

A study was carried out to determine the pathogenicity (hemolytic activity) on corals (Turbinaria sp.) and sea bass (Lates calcarifer) of Aeromonas hydrophila from water, sediment, and coral. Samples were collected from coastal water and coral reef areas. One hundred and sixty-two isolates were successfully isolated. Out of 162, 95 were from seawater, 49 from sediment, and 18 from coral. Sixteen isolates were picked and identified. Isolates were identified using a conventional biochemical test, the API 20NE kit, and 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences. Hemolytic activity was determined. Out of 16 isolates, 14 isolates were β-hemolytic and two isolates were non-hemolytic. Corals infected with A. hydrophila suffered bleaching. Similar effect was observed for both hemolytic and non-hemolytic isolates. Intramuscular injection of A. hydrophila into sea bass resulted in muscular bleeding and death. Higher infection rates were obtained from hemolytic compared to non-hemolytic strains of A. hydrophila isolates.
Secondary metabolites produced by marine streptomyces as antibiofilm and quorum-sensing inhibitor of uropathogen Proteus mirabilis

Younis KM, Usup G, Ahmad A

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 Mar;23(5):4756-67.
PMID: 26538254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5687-9

Quorum-sensing regulates bacterial biofilm formation and virulence factors, thereby making it an interesting target for attenuating pathogens. In this study, we investigated anti-biofilm and anti-quorum-sensing compounds from secondary metabolites of halophiles marine streptomyces against urinary catheter biofilm forming Proteus mirabilis without effect on growth viability. A total of 40 actinomycetes were isolated from samples collected from different places in Iraq including marine sediments and soil samples. Fifteen isolates identified as streptomyces and their supernatant screened as anti-quorum-sensing by inhibiting quorum-sensing regulated prodigiosin biosynthesis of Serratia marcescens strain Smj-11 as a reporter strain. Isolate Sediment Lake Iraq (sdLi) showed potential anti-quorum-sensing activity. Out of 35 clinical isolates obtained from Urinary catheter used by patient at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 22 isolates were characterized and identified as Proteus mirabilis. Isolate Urinary Catheter B4 (UCB4) showed the highest biofilm formation with highest resistance to used antibiotic and was chosen for further studies. Ethyl acetate secondary metabolites extract was produced from sdLi isolate. First, we determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of sdLi crude extract against UCB4 isolate, and all further experiments used concentrations below the MIC. Tests of subinhibitory concentrations of sdLi crude extract showed good inhibition against UCB4 isolate biofilm formation on urinary catheter and cover glass using Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy respectively. The influence of sub-MIC of sdLi crude extract was also found to attenuate the quorum sensing (QS)-dependent factors such as hemolysin activity, urease activity, pH value, and motility of UCB4 isolate. Evidence is presented that these nontoxic secondary metabolites may act as antagonists of bacterial quorum sensing by competing with quorum-sensing signals for receptor binding.
Selectivity of SO2 and H2S removal by ethanol-treated calcined eggshell at low temperature

Ahmad W, Sethupathi S, Kanadasan G, Iberahim N

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Jun;27(17):22065-22080.
PMID: 32285395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08671-x

Eggshell is a food waste produced worldwide in substantial amount with very limited recycling activity. In this study, the potential of ethanol-treated calcined eggshell was tested as sorbent for SO2 and H2S. Three variables were selected in the preparation of sorbents via response surface methodology (RSM), i.e., concentration of ethanol in water (50%, 70%, 90%), reaction temperature (20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C), and contact time (30, 60, 90 min). Central composite design (CCD) was used to develop a quadratic model to correlate the operating variables with the adsorption capacity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify the significant factors of the experimental design. It was found that the reaction temperature during the sorbent preparation was the most significant factor. The optimum preparation conditions using RSM were found at 20 °C of reaction temperature with 76.37% of ethanol concentration for 67 min of reaction time. The maximum adsorption capacity for the optimized sorbent was found to be 27.75 mg/g and 9.55 mg/g for SO2 and H2S, respectively. The prepared sorbent was more selective towards SO2 compared with H2S. Moreover, the presence of 40% of relative humidity in the inlet gas further enhanced the adsorption capacity of both gases. The ethanol-treated calcined eggshell was further substantiated by FESEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, and XRF. Results showed potential usage of eggshell as a sorbent for SO2 and H2S gases.
The evolution of special needs dentistry to special care dentistry: A Malaysian perspective

Ahmad Fisal A, Francis J, Mohamed Rohani M

Spec Care Dentist, 2023 Mar;43(2):238-239.
PMID: 35773752 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12751
Fulltext Does the US regional greenhouse gas initiative affect green innovation?

Rahman MA, Ahmad R, Ismail I

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Feb;30(6):15689-15707.
PMID: 36173521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23189-0

This study measures the impact of the implementation of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) on firms' green innovation initiatives. We used 20 years of panel data from the Fortune 500 list of the US largest companies. Based on DID, a benchmark regression, the RGGI has a significant adverse effect on the green innovation of Fortune 500 companies, and we verified these findings with multiple robustness tests. As we investigate how energy-intensive industries were affected by RGGI, we found that it slowed down green innovation, but it was not statistically significant. This study provides a novel perspective on how the RGGI influences green innovation in firms and how different types of sectors respond to the policy. The findings indicate that the "weak" Porter Hypothesis has not been confirmed in the present carbon trading market (particularly the RGGI) for Fortune 500 firms in the USA. In terms of policy, we believe that a well-covered and differentiated legislation that fosters green innovation while being realistic about the policy's goal and the firm's environmental attitude, like emissions reduction through green innovation, is essential.
Fulltext The Mechanism of Kelulut Honey in Reversing Metabolic Changes in Rats Fed with High-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet

Hashim KN, Chin KY, Ahmad F

Molecules, 2023 Mar 20;28(6).
PMID: 36985762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062790

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is composed of central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension that increase an individual's tendency to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Kelulut honey (KH) produced by stingless bee species has a rich phenolic profile. Recent studies have demonstrated that KH could suppress components of MetS, but its mechanisms of action are unknown. A total of 18 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control rats (C group) (n = 6), MetS rats fed with a high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet (HCHF group) (n = 6), and MetS rats fed with HCHF diet and treated with KH (HCHF + KH group) (n = 6). The HCHF + KH group received 1.0 g/kg/day KH via oral gavage from week 9 to 16 after HCHF diet initiation. Compared to the C group, the MetS group experienced a significant increase in body weight, body mass index, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum triglyceride (TG) and leptin, as well as the area and perimeter of adipocyte cells at the end of the study. The MetS group also experienced a significant decrease in serum HDL levels versus the C group. KH supplementation reversed the changes in serum TG, HDL, leptin, adiponectin and corticosterone levels, SBP, DBP, as well as adipose tissue 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) level, area and perimeter at the end of the study. In addition, histological observations also showed that KH administration reduced fat deposition within hepatocytes, and prevented deterioration of pancreatic islet and renal glomerulus. In conclusion, KH is effective in preventing MetS by suppressing leptin, corticosterone and 11βHSD1 levels while elevating adiponectin levels.
Fulltext Corrigendum: Does congruence between a descendant entrepreneur's personality traits and family business values matter for succession?

Ahmad Z, Chan WM, Oon EYN

Front Psychol, 2023;14:1181939.
PMID: 37034905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1181939

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1043270.].
Status of sustainable manufacturing practices: literature review and trends of triple bottom-line-based sustainability assessment methodologies

Ahmad S, Wong KY, Butt SI

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Mar;30(15):43068-43095.
PMID: 35904736 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22172-z

Due to significant requirement of energy, water, material, and other resources, the manufacturing industries significantly impact environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability (triple bottom-line). In response, today's research is focused on finding solution towards sustainable manufacturing. In this regard, sustainability assessment is an essential strategy. In the past, a variety of tools was developed to evaluate the environmental dimension. Because of this fact, previous review studies were grounded mostly on tools for green manufacturing. Unlike previous review articles, this study was aimed to review and analyze the emerging sustainability assessment methodologies (published from 2010 to 2020) for manufacturing while considering the triple bottom-line concept of sustainability. In this way, the paper presents a decade review on this topic, starting from 2010 as the guidelines for the social dimension became available in 2009. This paper has analyzed various methods and explored recent progress patterns. First, this study critically reviewed the methods and then analyzed their different integrating tools, sustainability dimensions, nature of indicators, difficulty levels, assessment boundaries, etc. The review showed that life cycle assessment and analytic hierarchy process-based approaches were most commonly used as integrating tools. Comparatively, still, environmental dimension was more commonly considered than economic and social dimensions by most of the reviewed methods. From indicators' viewpoint, most of the studied tools were based on limited number of indicators, having no relative weights and validation from the experts. To overcome these challenges, future research directions were outlined to make these methods more inclusive and reliable. Along with putting more focus on economic and social dimensions, there is a need to employ weighted, validated, and applicable indicators in sustainability assessment methods for manufacturing.
Fulltext Trends in weight loss attempts among children in England

Ahmad A, Little M, Piernas C, Jebb S

Arch Dis Child, 2022 Sep 20;107(10):896-901.
PMID: 35851294 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-323493

OBJECTIVES: To describe trends in reported weight loss attempts among school-aged children and to investigate its sociodemographic determinants.
DESIGN: We analysed data of children who participated in the Health Survey for England from 1997 to 2016 (n=34 235). This repeated cross-sectional survey reported weight loss attempts and sociodemographic characteristics. Body weight and height were measured by trained interviewers, and body mass index for age z-score was calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the sociodemographic determinants.
SETTING: England.
PARTICIPANTS: Children (8-17 years).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight loss attempts by year, age group, gender, BMI for age z-score, ethnicity and household income.
RESULTS: The prevalence of reported weight loss attempts increased significantly from 21.4% (1997-1998) to 26.5% (2015-2016). The increase was significant for boys, older children, Asian children, children from lower income households and in all categories of BMI for age z-score. Significant predictors of weight loss attempts included having overweight (8-12 years old, OR 4.01 (%CI 3.47 to 4.64); 13-17 years old, OR 1.96 (%CI 1.58 to 2.42)) or obesity (8-12 years old, OR 13.57 (%CI 11.94 to 15.43); 13-17 years old, OR 4.72 (%CI 3.94 to 5.66)) as well as being older, girls, from ethnic minority groups or low household income.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of reported weight loss attempts among children is increasing at a faster rate than the rise in excess weight and includes an increasing proportion of children with a 'healthy' weight. The increase in the prevalence of reported weight loss attempts among children is greatest among subgroups with lower baseline prevalence.
Spheroids and organoids derived from colorectal cancer as tools for in vitro drug screening

Ahmad Zawawi SS, Salleh EA, Musa M

Explor Target Antitumor Ther, 2024;5(2):409-431.
PMID: 38745769 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00226

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture employing cell lines was developed to study the molecular properties of CRC in vitro. Although these cell lines which are isolated from the tumor niche in which cancer develop, the translation to human model such as studying drug response is often hindered by the inability of cell lines to recapture original tumor features and the lack of heterogeneous clinical tumors represented by this 2D model, differed from in vivo condition. These limitations which may be overcome by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) culture consisting of spheroids and organoids. Over the past decade, great advancements have been made in optimizing culture method to establish spheroids and organoids of solid tumors including of CRC for multiple purposes including drug screening and establishing personalized medicine. These structures have been proven to be versatile and robust models to study CRC progression and deciphering its heterogeneity. This review will describe on advances in 3D culture technology and the application as well as the challenges of CRC-derived spheroids and organoids as a mode to screen for anticancer drugs.
Fulltext The role of regulatory policies in organizational culture: Insights from the education industry

Wang B, Senin AA, Ahmad UNU

PLoS One, 2024;19(5):e0299848.
PMID: 38748699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299848

On February 26, 2018 and July 24, 2021, the Chinese government respectively issued two significant regulatory policies to address the problems caused by off-campus training institutions in terms of students' extra-curricular and family financial burdens. These policies have had a tremendous and far-reaching impact on the off-campus training industry in China. With the help of these two events, we explored the role of industry-level regulatory policies in shaping and forming organizational culture. This paper adopts a text analysis method, combined with the dimensions of the Denison Organizational Culture Survey (DOCS) and MAXQDA 18 software, to obtain data on corporate culture. Then, the approaches of regression discontinuity in time (RDiT) and regression discontinuity (RD) designs with multiple cutoffs are used to estimate the policy treatment effect. This empirical research suggests that regulatory policies have a significant impact on corporate culture. Moreover, regulatory policies of varying degrees of strictness have differential effects on different dimensions of corporate culture. The research findings contribute to the theories of corporate culture and can guide enterprises to evaluate the impact of policies on corporate culture more clearly, thereby enabling them to make wiser operation decisions.

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