Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 112 in total

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  1. Fulltext Comparison of dry eye parameters between diabetics and non-diabetics in district of Kuantan, Pahang
    Aljarousha M, Badarudin NE, Che Azemin MZ
    Malays J Med Sci, 2016 May;23(3):72-7.
    PMID: 27418872 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Diabetes may affect the human body's systems and organs, including the eye. Diabetic retinopathy is the 5th leading cause of blindness globally. Diabetic subjects demonstrated dry eye symptoms that were also supported by the low values of the clinical tests.
    PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the dry eye symptoms and signs between diabetics and non-diabetics and tear functions between diabetic subjects with and without dry eye.
    METHODS: This retrospective study was based on the observation of 643 medical files. Using a convenience sampling method, 88 subjects were found to report diabetes mellitus. The information extracted from the files included: date of first examination, age at first visit, gender, past ocular history, systemic disease, symptoms of dry eye disease and details of clinical diagnostic signs. Non-contact lens wearers were excluded. A group of 88, age and gender matched, control subjects were included for this comparison study.
    RESULTS: The percentage of dry eye symptoms was higher in diabetic subjects (15.9%) compared with non-diabetic subjects (13.6%; p<0.001). The percentage of dry eye symptoms was also higher in diabetics with dry eye (63%) than in diabetics without dry eye (36.9%; p<0.001). Tear break up time was significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics (p<0.001) and between diabetics with and without dry eye (p=0.046). The corneal staining was significantly different between diabetic subjects with and without dry eye (p=0.028).
    CONCLUSION: Dry eye symptoms were significantly associated with diabetics. Tear break up time was significantly shorter in diabetics with dry eye compared to diabetics without dry eye.
    KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus; cornea; dry eye syndromes; signs and symptoms; tears
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Jalan Hospital, Kuantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea
  2. Accutome PachPen handheld ultrasonic pachymeter: intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility by personnel of different training grades
    Peyman M, Tai LY, Khaw KW, Ng CM, Win MM, Subrayan V
    Int Ophthalmol, 2015 Oct;35(5):651-5.
    PMID: 25189684 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-9989-6
    To assess the intra-observer repeatability and inter-observer reproducibility of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements of PachPen (Accutome, Inc., Pennsylvania, USA), a hand-held, portable ultrasonic pachymeter when used by an ophthalmic nurse compared to an ophthalmologist. Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Malaya Medical Center In this prospective study, CCT was measured in 184 eyes of 92 healthy subjects, first by a corneal surgeon experienced in ultrasound pachymetry (Observer 1) followed by an ophthalmic nurse new to the procedure (Observer 2). Nine measurements were obtained from each eye by each observer, independently. Measurements were compared between the observers. Coefficients of repeatability and reproducibility were calculated. The Bland-Altman plot was used to assess agreement between observers. Mean age of the study population was 54.3 ± 15.2 years old and consisted of 43.5% male. Mean CCT as measured by Observers 1 and 2 were 528.3 ± 32.9 and 530.7 ± 33.3 µm, respectively. Observer 1 showed higher repeatability of measurements compared to that of Observer 2 (coefficient of repeatability 3.46 vs. 5.55%). The measurements by both observers showed high correlation (0.96) and good agreement (mean difference -2.4 µm; 95% limits of agreement -21.4, 16.7 µm). Coefficient of reproducibility of measurements between observers was 5.08%. Accutome PachPen hand-held ultrasound pachymeters gives excellent intra-observer repeatability and inter-observer reproducibility by personnel of different training grades.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/anatomy & histology; Corneal Pachymetry/instrumentation; Corneal Pachymetry/methods*
  3. Fulltext Determinants of posterior corneal biometric measurements in a multi-ethnic Asian population
    Ang M, Chong W, Huang H, Wong TY, He MG, Aung T, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(7):e101483.
    PMID: 25006679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101483
    To describe the corneal and anterior segment determinants of posterior corneal arc length (PCAL) and posterior corneal curvature (PCC).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/pathology*; Corneal Diseases/diagnosis*; Corneal Diseases/surgery
  4. Ethnic differences of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study
    Chua J, Tham YC, Liao J, Zheng Y, Aung T, Wong TY, et al.
    Ophthalmology, 2014 Oct;121(10):2013-22.
    PMID: 24950592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.041
    PURPOSE:
    To determine the ethnic differences in the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in a multi-ethnic Asian population by self-reported ethnicity and genetic ancestry.
    DESIGN:
    Population-based, cross-sectional study.
    PARTICIPANTS:
    A total of 10 033 adults (3353 Chinese, 3280 Malays, and 3400 Indians) aged >40 years.
    METHODS:
    Participants underwent standardized systemic and ocular examinations and interviewer-administered questionnaires for risk factor assessment. The IOP readings were obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometry (Haag-Streit, Konig, Switzerland) before pupil dilation. The CCT was measured with ultrasound pachymetry. Genetic ancestry was derived using principal component (PC) analysis. Regression models were used to investigate the association of IOP and CCT with potential risk factors and genetic ancestry.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
    Intraocular pressure and CCT.
    RESULTS:
    After excluding participants with a history of glaucoma surgery or medication, refractive surgery, corneal edema, or corneal dystrophy, IOP and CCT readings were available for 3251 Chinese, 3232 Malays, and 3317 Indians. The mean IOP readings in the Chinese, Malay, and Indian participants were 14.3±3.1, 15.3±3.7, and 15.8±2.9 mmHg, respectively (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/anatomy & histology*
  5. Corneal thickness and volume in subclinical and clinical keratoconus
    Ahmadi Hosseini SM, Mohidin N, Abolbashari F, Mohd-Ali B, Santhirathelagan CT
    Int Ophthalmol, 2013 Apr;33(2):139-45.
    PMID: 23138667 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-012-9654-x
    To evaluate corneal thickness and volume in subclinical and clinical keratoconus in Asian population with the aim of discriminating between normal and ectatic cornea. Eyes were placed into one of the following three groups: normal, subclinical, and mild-moderate keratoconus. Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging (Oculus Inc., Wetzlar, Germany) was performed for each participant to record thinnest corneal thickness, central corneal thickness, corneal volume (CV), peripheral corneal thickness (PCT) and percentage thickness increase (PTI) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm. The data were exported to SPSS for statistical analysis. Subjects comprised 52 normal, 15 subclinical keratoconus, and 32 mild-moderate clinical keratoconus eyes. Our results indicated that corneal thickness (CT) distribution, PTI, and CV in normal eyes were significantly different compared with subclinical and clinical keratoconus (P < .05). Overall, subclinical group exhibited lower CT distribution and volume, and higher PTI in comparison with normal eyes. However, they showed higher CT distribution and volume, and lower PTI compared with keratoconus group. In addition, there was a smaller change in PCT and PTI from the thinnest point of the cornea to the periphery. The results of the present study indicate that CT parameters and CV were significantly different in normal versus subclinical group and in normal versus keratoconus group. These findings could help clinicians to better discriminate between normal and ectatic cornea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/pathology*; Corneal Topography/methods
  6. Fulltext Collagen-related genes influence the glaucoma risk factor, central corneal thickness
    Vithana EN, Aung T, Khor CC, Cornes BK, Tay WT, Sim X, et al.
    Hum Mol Genet, 2011 Feb 15;20(4):649-58.
    PMID: 21098505 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq511
    Central corneal thickness (CCT) is a risk factor of glaucoma, the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The identification of genetic determinants affecting CCT in the normal population will provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the association between CCT and glaucoma, as well as the pathogenesis of glaucoma itself. We conducted two genome-wide association studies for CCT in 5080 individuals drawn from two ethnic populations in Singapore (2538 Indian and 2542 Malays) and identified novel genetic loci significantly associated with CCT (COL8A2 rs96067, p(meta) = 5.40 × 10⁻¹³, interval of RXRA-COL5A1 rs1536478, p(meta) = 3.05 × 10⁻⁹). We confirmed the involvement of a previously reported gene for CCT and brittle cornea syndrome (ZNF469) [rs9938149 (p(meta) = 1.63 × 10⁻¹⁶) and rs12447690 (p(meta) = 1.92 × 10⁻¹⁴)]. Evidence of association exceeding the formal threshold for genome-wide significance was observed at rs7044529, an SNP located within COL5A1 when data from this study (n = 5080, P = 0.0012) were considered together with all published data (reflecting an additional 7349 individuals, p(Fisher) = 1.5 × 10⁻⁹). These findings implicate the involvement of collagen genes influencing CCT and thus, possibly the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/pathology*
  7. Fulltext Retrospective review of corneal ulcers in Ipoh Hospital
    Kursiah MR, Sharif FM, Balaravi P
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):391-4.
    PMID: 19803298 MyJurnal
    This study was a retrospective study on corneal ulcer of one year period in Hospital Ipoh. A total of 28 cases were studied. Among the risk factors identified were foreign body on cornea, trauma, contact lens, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and surgical complication. The nature of this disease which was severe and slow healing caused prolonged hospital admission. Identification of causative microorganism by corneal scraping help in the treatment and management of this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/microbiology; Corneal Ulcer/diagnosis*; Corneal Ulcer/microbiology*; Corneal Ulcer/therapy
  8. Study of the factors associated with the presence of white dots in the corneas of regular soft contact lens users from an Asian country
    Bastion ML, Mohamad MH
    Eye Contact Lens, 2006 Sep;32(5):223-7.
    PMID: 16974154
    PURPOSE: To investigate factors associated with the presence of microdot deposits or white dots (WDs) on confocal microscopy in regular soft contact lens (SCL) users.
    METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study investigated changes in the cornea in regular SCL users by using an in vivo slit-scanning microscope (ConfoScan 3). Images were analyzed by noting the presence of highly reflective WDs. Factors associated with WDs were analyzed by using an unpaired t test with Welch correction.
    RESULTS: There were 56 SCL wearers. Of these, a group of 10 had WDs (GWD) in various parts of the cornea. They had worn SCLs for 7 to 20 years and had a mean total duration of SCL wear of 13.6 +/- 4.4 years. Their mean age was 35.8 +/- 10.4 years. They were compared with a group of SCL wearers with no evidence of WDs (GNWD). The mean age of GNWD was 29.1 +/- 7.2 years, with a mean duration of SCL use of 8.17 +/- 5.1 years. The two groups were compared in terms of age, total duration of SCL wear (years), duration in hours per week, SCL water content (%), mean cell density in the endothelium and stroma, endothelial cell coefficient of cell size variation, and percentage of hexagonal cells. Only the duration of SCL wear was significantly associated with the presence of WDs (p=0.0042). WDs were most commonly found in the posterior stroma (n = 9). Two patients had WDs in the epithelium, with one of these having WDs in the endothelium. All patients except one with a hazy left eye scan had WDs bilaterally and symmetrically.
    CONCLUSIONS: Confocal microscopy allows visualization of WDs in the corneas of Asian regular SCL users. Patients with WDs have a longer history of SCL wear. WDs may represent an early stage of corneal disease or degeneration associated with alterations in cell behavior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/pathology*; Corneal Diseases/diagnosis; Corneal Diseases/etiology*; Corneal Diseases/epidemiology
  9. Fulltext Acanthamoeba genotype T4 detected in naturally-infected feline corneas found to be in homology with those causing human keratitis
    Ithoi I, Mahmud R, Abdul Basher MH, Jali A, Abdulsalam AM, Ibrahim J, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2013 Mar;30(1):131-40.
    PMID: 23665719 MyJurnal
    A total of 10 out of 65 cornea swab samples from cats with eye symptoms showed Acanthamoeba-like morphology after cultivation. By PCR and DNA sequencing of Acanthamoeba diagnostic fragment 3 (DF3), all 10 isolates from the positive samples were categorized into two homologous groups of AfC1 (PM1, PM2, PM3, PF6, KM7, KF8, KMK9) and AfC2 (PM4, PM5, KFK10) due to the presence of bases A(354) and G(354), respectively. Furthermore, DF3 of AfC1 and AfC2 showed 100% similarity with Genbank reference isolates with the accession numbers DQ087314, EU146073 and U07401, GU808323, which were Acanthamoeba castellanii strains genotype T4 originating from human keratitis. This finding suggests that A. castellani strains have the capability to infect cats and human under favorable conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/parasitology*
  10. Salzmann's nodular degeneration of the cornea
    Vannas A, Hogan MJ, Wood I
    Am J Ophthalmol, 1975 Feb;79(2):211-9.
    PMID: 46719
    Eleven corneal specimens from nine patients with Salzmann's nodular degeneration of the cornea, together with all available clinical information, were collected for this study. The specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. An antecedent keratitis was diagnosed by history and microscopic findings in every case. The corneal epithelium showed degenerative changes, its thickness varied, and in nodular areas it often consisted of only a single layer of flattened epithelial cells by light microscopy. Bowman's membrane was missing over the nodules, and in this zone there was excessive secretion of a basement membrane-like material. Hyaline degeneration of collagen, cellular debris, and electron-dense hyaline deposits were seen in the collagen of the nodules. The number of fibrocytes in the nodules varied from many that were active to a few that were degenerating. External irritation because of poor epithelial protection was interpreted as a causative factor, although other tissue repair mechanisms may also have played a role.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/pathology*
  11. Diabetes and pachymetry changes in pregnancy
    Santiagu F, Bakhtiari A, Iqbal T, Khaliddin N, Lansingh VC, Subrayan V
    Int Ophthalmol, 2018 Oct;38(5):2069-2076.
    PMID: 28879527 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0701-5
    BACKGROUND: Purpose of this study is to evaluate changes in the central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients during the third trimester and postpartum phases of normal pregnancy, pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
    METHODS: This was a prospective study. Patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited from the obstetric clinic. They were grouped into normal pregnancy, pregestational DM, and GDM. Ophthalmic assessment and haematological investigations were done during the third trimester (after 28 weeks of gestation) and in the postpartum phase (6 weeks postpartum).
    RESULTS: A total of 192 pregnant patients were recruited for this study. Out of the 192 patients, only 143 of them came back for their follow-up 6 weeks postpartum. A total of 70 (36.5%) normal pregnancy patients, 51 (26.6%) DM patients, and 71 (36.9%) GDM patients were included in this prospective study. Our study showed that the CCT decreased postpartum in all three groups. Patients in all three groups did not have significantly different CCT during the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum phase. However, patients who had thicker CCT irrespective of the grouping during the third trimester also had a thicker CCT post-delivery (p value <0.001). However, these changes did not appear to affect refractive error and visual acuity.
    CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy did not appear to influence the CCT.
    Study site: Obstetrics clinic, University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/pathology*; Corneal Diseases/diagnosis*; Corneal Diseases/etiology; Corneal Diseases/physiopathology
  12. Corneal Hysteresis Is Reduced in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
    Nadarajah S, Samsudin A, Ramli N, Tan CT, Mimiwati Z
    Optom Vis Sci, 2017 10;94(10):981-985.
    PMID: 28858045 DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001117
    SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge, this is the first time a study looking at the association between corneal hysteresis (CH) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) severity has been reported. We provide evidence that CH is lower in OSAS and speculate on the possible causes.

    PURPOSE: The present study aims to look at the association between CH and severity of OSAS, and whether CH could be another link between OSAS and the development of glaucoma.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Patients undergoing polysomnography for assessment of OSAS were recruited. We measured central corneal thickness (CCT) using optical biometry, and CH using ocular response analysis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and Humphrey visual field (HVF) indices were also measured. The Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) divided patients into normal, mild, moderate, and severe OSAS categories. The normal and mild categories (47.9%) were then collectively called group 1, and the moderate and severe categories (52.1%) were called group 2. T tests, Pearson correlation tests, and general linear model analysis were performed, with P .05). CH correlated negatively with AHI (r = -0.229, P = .013) and positively with lowest oxygen saturation (r = 0.213, P = .022).

    CONCLUSIONS: CH is lower in moderate/severe OSAS than in normal/mild cases. This may be another link between OSAS and the development of glaucoma; further studies are indicated to determine the significance of this connection.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/physiopathology*; Corneal Diseases/diagnosis; Corneal Diseases/etiology*; Corneal Diseases/physiopathology
  13. Fulltext A Study on the Central Corneal Thickness of Primary Angle Closure and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma and Its Effect on Visual Field Progression
    Tan HK, Ahmad Tajuddin LS, Lee MY, Ismail S, Wan-Hitam WH
    Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2015;4(3):161-5.
    PMID: 26065503 DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000058
    PURPOSE: To determine the mean central corneal thickness (CCT) and the relationship between the CCT and visual field progression in primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).

    DESIGN: A combined cross-sectional and prospective study on PAC and PACG.

    METHODS: A total of 35 eyes were included in the study for each group of normal control, PAC, and PACG patients from eye clinics in Kota Bharu, state of Kelantan, Malaysia, from January 2007 to November 2009. The PAC and PACG patients were divided into thin and thick CCT groups. They were followed up for 12 to 18 months for visual field progression assessment with their mean Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) score.

    RESULTS: The CCT was 516.8 ± 26.0 µm for PAC and 509.7 ± 27.4 µm for PACG. Both were significantly thinner compared with the control group with CCT of 540 ± 27.8 µm (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the mean AGIS score after 12.9 ± 1.7 months of follow-up in the thin CCT group for PACG (P = 0.002). However, no significant increase in the mean AGIS score was found for the thick CCT group in PACG and for both thin and thick CCT in PAC.

    CONCLUSIONS: The PAC and PACG had statistically significant thinner CCT compared with the controls. Thin CCT was associated with visual field progression based on the mean AGIS score in PACG.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/pathology*
  14. Fulltext Rare Kodamaea ohmeri keratitis following a trivial vegetative trauma
    Saud Al-Abbas AH, Ling JL, Muhammed J, Hussein A
    BMJ Case Rep, 2019 Jun 22;12(6).
    PMID: 31229985 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229660
    Kodamaea ohmeri keratitis is an opportunistic pathogen seen in patients who have undergone invasive procedures and immunocompromised state. It has been identified in septicemia patients, resulting in mortality. To the best of our knowledge, we identified the first case of K. ohmeri keratitis following an injury with vegetative material. A 57-year-old woman with underlying, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus was gardening when a tree leaf accidentally poked her in the eye. Two weeks later, the patient presented with right eye pain, redness and progressive blurring of vision due to a traumatised right cornea. Slit-lamp examination showed a small inferior paracentral corneal stromal infiltrate with overlying epithelial defect. A corneal scraping sample yielded K. ohmeri from Analytical Profile Index (API) 20C yeast identification system. She was treated with intensive topical amphotericin B and fluconazole. After 6 weeks of treatment, the keratitis resolved with faint scar tissue, and her visual acuity improved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/microbiology*; Cornea/pathology; Corneal Stroma/pathology; Corneal Injuries/complications
  15. Reconstruction of limbal stem cell deficient corneal surface with induced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on amniotic membrane
    Rohaina CM, Then KY, Ng AM, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Zahidin AZ, Saim A, et al.
    Transl Res, 2014 Mar;163(3):200-10.
    PMID: 24286920 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.11.004
    The cornea can be damaged by a variety of clinical disorders or chemical, mechanical, and thermal injuries. The objectives of this study were to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to corneal lineage, to form a tissue engineered corneal substitute (TEC) using BMSCs, and to treat corneal surface defects in a limbal stem cell deficiency model. BMSCs were induced to corneal lineage using limbal medium for 10 days. Induced BMSCs demonstrated upregulation of corneal stem cell markers; β1-integrin, C/EBPδ, ABCG2, and p63, increased protein expression of CK3 and p63 significantly compared with the uninduced ones. For TEC formation, passage 1 BMSCs were trypsinized and seeded on amniotic membrane in a transwell co-culture system and were grown in limbal medium. Limbal stem cell deficiency models were induced by alkaline injury, and the TEC was implanted for 8 weeks. Serial slit lamp evaluation revealed remarkable improvement in corneal regeneration in terms of corneal clarity and reduced vascularization. Histologic and optical coherence tomography analyses demonstrated comparable corneal thickness and achieved stratified epithelium with a compact stromal layer resembling that of normal cornea. CK3 and p63 were expressed in the newly regenerated cornea. In conclusion, BMSCs can be induced into corneal epithelial lineage, and these cells are viable for the formation of TEC, to be used for the reconstruction of the corneal surface in the limbal stem cell deficient model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/cytology*
  16. Fulltext Ocular injuries and severe ocular surface diseases in Malaysia
    Tan AK, Pall S
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Oct;66(4):284-5.
    PMID: 22299542 MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/surgery*; Corneal Diseases/surgery*; Endothelium, Corneal/cytology*; Epithelium, Corneal/cytology*
  17. Occult open globe injury in a patient with corneal foreign body: a case report
    Kah TA, Salowi MA, Tagal JM, Thanaraj A, Premsenthil M, Gudom Ia
    Cornea, 2009 Dec;28(10):1164-6.
    PMID: 19770717 DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31819aa9d9
    To demonstrate the role of ultrasonographic biomicroscopy in diagnosing occult open globe injury.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/ultrasonography; Corneal Stroma/ultrasonography
  18. Fulltext Specific detection of fungal pathogens by 18S rRNA gene PCR in microbial keratitis
    Embong Z, Wan Hitam WH, Yean CY, Rashid NH, Kamarudin B, Abidin SK, et al.
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2008;8:7.
    PMID: 18445283 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-8-7
    The sensitivity and specificity of 18S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of fungal aetiology of microbial keratitis was determined in thirty patients with clinical diagnosis of microbial keratitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea/microbiology*
  19. Ab-Externo Implantation of XEN Gel Stent for Refractory Steroid-Induced Glaucoma After Lamellar Keratoplasty
    Tan SY, Md Din N, Mohd Khialdin S, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Tang SF
    Cureus, 2021 Feb 12;13(2):e13320.
    PMID: 33738163 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13320
    The hazy corneal donor-recipient interface after corneal transplant may cause difficulties when implanting the XEN gel stent via ab-interno approach. We aim to describe XEN gel stent implantation via ab-externo approach in refractory steroid-induced glaucoma after corneal lamellar keratoplasty. Under local anaesthesia, the XEN injector needle was inserted 7 mm behind the limbus with the bevel facing up, directly beneath the conjunctiva and advanced to the marked 2.5 mm scleral entry wound. The needle then pierced the sclera until the needle tip was just visible in the anterior chamber (AC). The slider was pushed until the tip of the XEN stent was seen in the AC. The needle was slowly withdrawn while still pushing the slider to complete stent deployment. Subconjunctival Mitomycin C 0.01% (30 µg/0.3 mL) was then injected posterior to the bleb. Three eyes of three patients with steroid-induced glaucoma after lamellar keratoplasty underwent XEN gel stent implantation via ab-externo approach placed at the superotemporal quadrant. Pre-operatively, all patients had uncontrolled IOP between 30-45 mmHg despite maximum medications and selective laser trabeculoplasty. After XEN gel stent implantation, IOP ranged between 10-17 mmHg with one or two topical antiglaucoma at 12 months. Complications include hypotony maculopathy, stent migration and hyphaema, all of which were successfully managed. Corneal graft remained clear at 12 months. XEN gel stent implantation via ab-externo approach is able to achieve good intraocular pressure (IOP) control without compromising cornea graft in patients with steroid-induced glaucoma after lamellar keratoplasty at 12 months.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea; Corneal Transplantation
  20. Fulltext Current Update of Collagen Nanomaterials-Fabrication, Characterisation and Its Applications: A Review
    Lo S, Fauzi MB
    Pharmaceutics, 2021 Feb 28;13(3).
    PMID: 33670973 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030316
    Tissue engineering technology is a promising alternative approach for improvement in health management. Biomaterials play a major role, acting as a provisional bioscaffold for tissue repair and regeneration. Collagen a widely studied natural component largely present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the human body. It provides mechanical stability with suitable elasticity and strength to various tissues, including skin, bone, tendon, cornea and others. Even though exogenous collagen is commonly used in bioscaffolds, largely in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, nano collagen is a relatively new material involved in nanotechnology with a plethora of unexplored potential. Nano collagen is a form of collagen reduced to a nanoparticulate size, which has its advantages over the common three-dimensional (3D) collagen design, primarily due to its nano-size contributing to a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, aiding in withstanding large loads with minimal tension. It can be produced through different approaches including the electrospinning technique to produce nano collagen fibres resembling natural ECM. Nano collagen can be applied in various medical fields involving bioscaffold insertion or fillers for wound healing improvement; skin, bone, vascular grafting, nerve tissue and articular cartilage regeneration as well as aiding in drug delivery and incorporation for cosmetic purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cornea
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