Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 365 in total

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  1. A Razak NF, Abd Karim RH, Jamal JA, Said MM
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S752-S757.
    PMID: 33828373 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_364_19
    Introduction: The appendage of "halal" to a product is not just a guarantee that the product is permitted for Muslims, but it has also become favorable lifestyle choice globally. However, the expansion of halal pharmaceutical market was hindered by lack of global halal standards for pharmaceutical ingredients and product integrity analytical methodology.

    Objective: This work aimed to explore the possibility of using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics to develop multivariate models to authenticate the "halal-ity" of pharmaceutical excipients with controversial halal status (e.g., magnesium stearate).

    Materials and Methods: The FTIR spectral fingerprints of the substance were used to build principal component analysis (PCA) models. The effects of different spectral pretreatment processes such as auto-scaling, baseline correction, standard normal variate (SNV), first, and second derivatives were evaluated. The optimization of the model performance was established to ensure the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the predicted models.

    Results: Significant peaks corresponding to the properties of the compound were identified. For both bovine and plant-derived magnesium stearate, the peaks associated can be seen within the regions 2900cm-1 (C-H), 2800cm-1 (CH3), 1700cm-1 (C=O), and 1000-1300cm-1 (C-O). There was not much difference observed in the FTIR raw spectra of the samples from both sources. The quality and accuracy of the classification models by PCA and soft independent modeling classification analogy (SIMCA) have shown to improve using spectra optimized by first derivative followed by SNV smoothing.

    Conclusion: This rapid and cost-effective technique has the potential to be expanded as an authentication strategy for halal pharmaceuticals.

    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  2. Katelaris CH, Lai CK, Rhee CS, Lee SH, Yun WD, Lim-Varona L, et al.
    Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2011 Sep-Oct;25 Suppl 1:S3-15.
    PMID: 22185687 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3674
    The Allergies in Asia-Pacific Survey describes the symptoms, impact, and treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) across Australia, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The Allergies in Asia-Pacific Survey was undertaken to further clarify the prevalence of physician-diagnosed nasal allergies (NAs), impact on quality-of-life (QOL), existing treatment paradigms and gaps, and NA medications currently used in treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  3. Yu CP, Whynes DK, Sach TH
    Health Policy, 2011 May;100(2-3):256-63.
    PMID: 21129808 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.10.018
    This paper assesses the potential equity impact of Malaysia's projected reform of its current tax financed system towards National Health Insurance (NHI).
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  4. NURUL HIDAYAH ZULKIPLI, SURIA BABA
    MyJurnal
    The problem in analysing qualitative study is regularly highlighted when it comes to data analysis process. Unlike quantitative data that deals with numerical and statistical issues, analysing qualitative data requires the researcher to deal with understanding human experiences and interpreting the data. Therefore, validity and reliability of the analysis are often questioned and becomes a challenge in analysing data from qualitative research. The objective of this writing is to highlight some of the challenges and strengths in the qualitative research process. Validity, reliability, and credibility are among the challenges in analysing qualitative study. Rigor in conducting data collection helps in overcoming the problem in validity, reliability and credibility. In addition, in-depth understanding and triangulation techniques such as interview, document analysis and observation used in qualitative researches are among the strengths for qualitative study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  5. Schaafsma A, Deurenberg P, Calame W, van den Heuvel EG, van Beusekom C, Hautvast J, et al.
    Br J Nutr, 2013 Sep;110 Suppl 3:S2-10.
    PMID: 24016763 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002067
    Nutrition is a well-known factor in the growth, health and development of children. It is also acknowledged that worldwide many people have dietary imbalances resulting in over- or undernutrition. In 2009, the multinational food company FrieslandCampina initiated the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS), a combination of surveys carried out in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, to get a better insight into these imbalances. The present study describes the general study design and methodology, as well as some problems and pitfalls encountered. In each of these countries, participants in the age range of 0·5-12 years were recruited according to a multistage cluster randomised or stratified random sampling methodology. Field teams took care of recruitment and data collection. For the health status of children, growth and body composition, physical activity, bone density, and development and cognition were measured. For nutrition, food intake and food habits were assessed by questionnaires, whereas in subpopulations blood and urine samples were collected to measure the biochemical status parameters of Fe, vitamins A and D, and DHA. In Thailand, the researchers additionally studied the lipid profile in blood, whereas in Indonesia iodine excretion in urine was analysed. Biochemical data were analysed in certified laboratories. Study protocols and methodology were aligned where practically possible. In December 2011, data collection was finalised. In total, 16,744 children participated in the present study. Information that will be very relevant for formulating nutritional health policies, as well as for designing innovative food and nutrition research and development programmes, has become available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  6. Riji HM
    PMID: 3563614
    A study to identify the knowledge of infected and uninfected respondents on filariasis and epidemiologic factors in one endemic community in Malaysia to determine their role in the transmission and control of filariasis was carried out. The data were collected by non-participant observations and interviews using semi-structured schedules. The majority of respondents in both groups had knowledge of filariasis. There was no marked difference between male and female respondents, and similarly, there was fair distributions of knowledgeable respondents with and without some years of schooling. On filarial transmission, 9.2% of the infected said that filariasis was contacted through mosquito bites, while among the uninfected it was 7.4%. Within the infected, 14.8% thought that filarial worms entered the human body through the consumption of unhygenically prepared foods and drinks while, among the uninfected it was 20.4%. Both groups were aware of the presence of mosquitoes in their village. However, the majority did not associate this factor with host's susceptibility to filarial infections. Rather, they were of the opinion that personal hygiene and proper meals had something to do with filariasis. The findings showed there was general awareness of filariasis in the community which might indicate that the health campaigns had reached various levels of the population. Yet, they still lacked knowledge on disease transmission. Also, they did not make direct association between environment and exposure to mosquitoes bites though they were aware of their presence but which they regarded as not directly harmful to their health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  7. Tahir N, Asif M, Ahmad S, Malik MSA, Aljuaid H, Butt MA, et al.
    PeerJ Comput Sci, 2021;7:e389.
    PMID: 33817035 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.389
    Keyword extraction is essential in determining influenced keywords from huge documents as the research repositories are becoming massive in volume day by day. The research community is drowning in data and starving for information. The keywords are the words that describe the theme of the whole document in a precise way by consisting of just a few words. Furthermore, many state-of-the-art approaches are available for keyword extraction from a huge collection of documents and are classified into three types, the statistical approaches, machine learning, and graph-based methods. The machine learning approaches require a large training dataset that needs to be developed manually by domain experts, which sometimes is difficult to produce while determining influenced keywords. However, this research focused on enhancing state-of-the-art graph-based methods to extract keywords when the training dataset is unavailable. This research first converted the handcrafted dataset, collected from impact factor journals into n-grams combinations, ranging from unigram to pentagram and also enhanced traditional graph-based approaches. The experiment was conducted on a handcrafted dataset, and all methods were applied on it. Domain experts performed the user study to evaluate the results. The results were observed from every method and were evaluated with the user study using precision, recall and f-measure as evaluation matrices. The results showed that the proposed method (FNG-IE) performed well and scored near the machine learning approaches score.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  8. Yousuf RM, Fauzi AR, How SH, Rasool AG, Rehana K
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Jun;48(6):559-65.
    PMID: 17538757
    Informed consent is now accepted as the cornerstone of medical practice, with reasonable patient standards typically considered to be appropriate in the developed countries; however it is still challenged in many developing countries. The objective of this descriptive study was to evaluate the perceptions and practices among attending medical professionals in matters relating to informed consent in selected hospitals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  9. Talib MHN, Ibrahim Z, Abd Rahim N, Zulhani R, Nordin N, Farah N, et al.
    ISA Trans, 2020 Oct;105:230-239.
    PMID: 32475537 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.05.040
    Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller (FLSC) has been widely used for motor drive due to its robustness and its non-reliance to real plant parameters. However, it is computationally expensive to be implemented in real-time and prone to the fuzzy rules' selection error which results in the failure of the drive's system. This paper proposes an improved simplified rules method for Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller (FLSC) based on the significant crisp output calculations to address these issues. A systematic procedure for the fuzzy rules reduction process is first described. Then, a comprehensive evaluation of the activated crisp output data is presented to determine the fuzzy dominant rules. Based on the proposed method, the number of rules was significantly reduced by 72%. The simplified FLSC rule is tested on the Induction Motor (IM) drives system in which the real-time implementation was carried out in the dSPACE DS1103 controller environment. The simulation and experimental results based on the proposed FLSC have proved the workability of the simplified rules without degrading the motor performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  10. Hakim H, Razak IA
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:747508.
    PMID: 25386615 DOI: 10.1155/2014/747508
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and level of dental fear among health related undergraduates and to identify factors causing such fear using Kleinknecht's Dental Fear Survey (DFS) questionnaire.
    METHODS: Kleinknecht's DFS questionnaire was used to assess dental fear and anxiety among the entire enrollment of the medical and dental undergraduates' of the University of Malaya.
    RESULTS: Overall response rate was 82.2%. Dental students reported higher prevalence of dental fear (96.0% versus 90.4%). However, most of the fear encountered among dental students was in the low fear category as compared to their medical counterpart (69.2 versus 51.2%). Significantly more medical students cancelled dental appointment due to fear compared to dental students (P = 0.004). "Heart beats faster" and "muscle being tensed" were the top two physiological responses experienced by the respondents. "Drill" and "anesthetic needle" were the most fear provoking objects among respondents of both faculties.
    CONCLUSION: Dental fear and anxiety are a common problem encountered among medical and dental undergraduates who represent future health care professionals. Also, high level of dental fear and anxiety leads to the avoidance of the dental services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  11. Qureshi MA, Noor RM, Shamim A, Shamshirband S, Raymond Choo KK
    PLoS One, 2016;11(3):e0152727.
    PMID: 27031989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152727
    Radio propagation models (RPMs) are generally employed in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) to predict path loss in multiple operating environments (e.g. modern road infrastructure such as flyovers, underpasses and road tunnels). For example, different RPMs have been developed to predict propagation behaviour in road tunnels. However, most existing RPMs for road tunnels are computationally complex and are based on field measurements in frequency band not suitable for VANET deployment. Furthermore, in tunnel applications, consequences of moving radio obstacles, such as large buses and delivery trucks, are generally not considered in existing RPMs. This paper proposes a computationally inexpensive RPM with minimal set of parameters to predict path loss in an acceptable range for road tunnels. The proposed RPM utilizes geometric properties of the tunnel, such as height and width along with the distance between sender and receiver, to predict the path loss. The proposed RPM also considers the additional attenuation caused by the moving radio obstacles in road tunnels, while requiring a negligible overhead in terms of computational complexity. To demonstrate the utility of our proposed RPM, we conduct a comparative summary and evaluate its performance. Specifically, an extensive data gathering campaign is carried out in order to evaluate the proposed RPM. The field measurements use the 5 GHz frequency band, which is suitable for vehicular communication. The results demonstrate that a close match exists between the predicted values and measured values of path loss. In particular, an average accuracy of 94% is found with R2 = 0.86.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  12. Lai NM, Ramesh JC
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Dec;47(12):1053-62.
    PMID: 17139402
    INTRODUCTION: Outcome-based curriculum is adopted at the International Medical University (IMU), Malaysia, where specific learning objectives are laid out progressively under eight major outcomes. We present an outcome-guided, self-reported competency profile of our undergraduate students near the end of their training, focusing on elements that are considered most immediately relevant for their internship.
    METHODS: Anonymous surveys were conducted on two cohorts of medical students in their final semester at IMU. The surveys covered a range of competencies, including practical skills, ward routines, generic attributes and evidence-based medicine, grouped under the exit outcomes as defined by the university.
    RESULTS: A total of 92 students were assessed. In general, the students were confident of their ability on common practical skills and ward routines. They were comfortable with the level of professionalism and personal attributes required for internship, with the prospect of handling unexpected additional tasks and working away from home perceived as the main difficulties. Most students referred to at least three sources of clinical information to answer their clinical queries. However, they referred more to single journals than databases or collections. The majority could critically appraise journal articles to a variable extent, but nearly half took 30 minutes or longer to trace an abstract of interest.
    CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates the strength of outcome-based curriculum in its ability to produce competent students that are well prepared for their internship. Assessing students using this educational approach provides a clear picture of their strengths and weaknesses, and identifies stages in their training where additional inputs are required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  13. Barling PM, Ramasamy P
    Clin Teach, 2011 Mar;8(1):37-42.
    PMID: 21324071 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-498X.2010.00419.x
    This paper presents our experience of running a special study module (SSM) in the second semester of the first year of our 5-year medical programme, worth 10 per cent of that semester's assessment, in which each student constructs an individually selected model illustrating a specific aspect of the teaching course.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  14. Chun, Wai Chang, Raman, Sivaraj
    MyJurnal
    Although therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been used in practice, conflicting data on its usefulness in the management of epilepsy have been reported. These results range from identifying no significant differences in patients’ clinical outcomes to determining TDM to be a cost-effective service. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our pharmacist-managed TDM service in helping patients with epilepsy (PWE) to achieve seizure control. This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the TDM Unit of Hospital Keningau, Sabah. Pharmacist-prepared reports issued for 30 subjects with uncontrolled seizures in 2014 were analysed to determine the effectiveness of their recommendations. Effectiveness was measured based on the number of patients who achieved ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency and the number of patients with a threemonth seizure-free period. Overall, 80% of the pharmacists’ TDM recommendations were accepted by prescribers. Based on the data collected, 17 (56.67%) subjects had their seizure frequency decreased at least by half, while 11 (36.67%) subjects achieved total remission. However, there was no significant association between acceptance of recommendations and seizure control; although acceptance of pharmacist recommendations was associated with 1.4 times greater odds of achieving seizure control among PWE, this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, a pharmacist-managed TDM service was associated with an improvement in seizure control of more than 50% among PWE with unsatisfactory seizure control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  15. Arvin B, Prepageran N, Raman R
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2013 Dec;65(Suppl 3):480-4.
    PMID: 24427701 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0356-x
    The objective of this study is to determine whether presbycusis occurs much earlier than previously believed if the high frequency (above 8 kHz) are included. Tertiary referral center (a teaching University). This is a cross-sectional observational study. Healthy adults from 20 to 49 years of age who had essentially normal hearing were included into the study. They were subjected to high frequency pure tone audiometry (until 16 kHz). Participants were grouped based on age ranges of 10 years (e.g., 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49) and the presence of symmetrical high frequency sensor neural hearing loss were documented. There is a significant presence of symmetrical high frequency sensor neural hearing loss (not attributed to any known risk factors) as early as from the age group of 40 to 49 years. Seven of 43 participants (16%) from age group of 20 to 29 years and 12 of 24 participants (50%) from age group of 30 to 39 years had significant high frequency hearing loss. High frequency hearing loss (high frequency Presbycusis) may occur much earlier than previously believed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  16. Alahnomi RA, Zakaria Z, Yussof ZM, Althuwayb AA, Alhegazi A, Alsariera H, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Mar 24;21(7).
    PMID: 33804904 DOI: 10.3390/s21072267
    Recent developments in the field of microwave planar sensors have led to a renewed interest in industrial, chemical, biological and medical applications that are capable of performing real-time and non-invasive measurement of material properties. Among the plausible advantages of microwave planar sensors is that they have a compact size, a low cost and the ease of fabrication and integration compared to prevailing sensors. However, some of their main drawbacks can be considered that restrict their usage and limit the range of applications such as their sensitivity and selectivity. The development of high-sensitivity microwave planar sensors is required for highly accurate complex permittivity measurements to monitor the small variations among different material samples. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review recent research on the development of microwave planar sensors and further challenges of their sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the techniques of the complex permittivity extraction (real and imaginary parts) are discussed based on the different approaches of mathematical models. The outcomes of this review may facilitate improvements of and an alternative solution for the enhancement of microwave planar sensors' normalized sensitivity for material characterization, especially in biochemical and beverage industry applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  17. Zahedi H, Djalalinia S, Sadeghi O, Zare Garizi F, Asayesh H, Payab M, et al.
    Nutr Neurosci, 2020 Dec 14.
    PMID: 33314992 DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2020.1853411
    OBJECTIVE: Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between breakfast consumption and mental health with conflicting results. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to summarize evidences on the association between skipping breakfast and mental health.

    METHODS: We searched online databases for all related papers through the comprehensive international data bases of Institute of PubMed/ MEDLINE, ISI/WOS and Scopus up to December 2019, using relevant keywords. Overall, 14 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

    RESULTS: The total sample size of all selected studies was 399,550 individuals with age range of 6 to ≥65 years old. We found a significant positive association between skipping breakfast and Odds Ratio (OR) of depression (pooled OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.34-1.44), stress (pooled OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04-1.43) and psychological distress (pooled OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.47-1.62). In contrast, there was no significant association between skipping breakfast and anxiety in all age cohort (pooled OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.97-1.65). However, subgroup analysis based on age stratification showed that there was a significant positive association between skipping breakfast and anxiety in adolescences (pooled OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.25-1.77).

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, skipping breakfast was positively associated with odds of depression, stress and psychological distress in all age groups and anxiety in adolescence, underlining impact of breakfast on mental health.

    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  18. Rahim MH, Dom NC, Ismail SNS, Mulud ZA, Abdullah S, Pradhan B
    One Health, 2021 Jun;12:100222.
    PMID: 33553566 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100222
    This study has highlighted the trend of recently-reported dengue cases after the implementation of the Movement Control Orders (MCOs) caused due to COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The researchers used the dengue surveillance data published by the Malaysian Ministry of Health during the 3 phases of MCO (which ranged between 17th March 2020 and 28th April 2020) was used for determining the cumulative number of dengue patients. Thereafter, the dengue cases were mapped using the Geographical Information System (GIS). The results indicated that during the 42 days of MCO in Peninsular Malaysia, 11,242 total cases of dengue were reported. The daily trend of the dengue cases showed a decrease from 7268 cases that occurred before the MCOs to 4662 dengue cases that occurred during the initial 14 days of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., MCO I), to 3075 cases occurring during the MCO II and 3505 dengue cases noted during MCO III. The central peninsular region showed a maximal decrease in new dengue cases (52.62%), followed by the northern peninsular region (1.89%); eastern coastal region (1.25%) and the southern peninsular region (1.14%) during the initial MCO implementation. However, an increase in the new dengue cases was noted during the MCO III period, wherein all states showed an increase in the new dengue cases as compared during MCO II. The decrease in the pattern was not solely based on the MCO, hence, further investigation is necessary after considering different influencing factors. These results have important implication for future large-scale risk assessment, planning and hazard mitigation on dengue management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  19. Pong SL
    Stud Fam Plann, 1994 May-Jun;25(3):137-48.
    PMID: 7940619 DOI: 10.2307/2137940
    This study uses data from the Second Malaysian Family Life Survey, conducted in 1988, to examine parents' preferences for the sex of their children within each of Malaysia's three ethnic groups. While Malay and Indian parents do not show a consistent sex preference, Chinese parents prefer to have all sons, or a combination of sons and daughters, with more sons than daughters, or at least an equal number of them. Son preference among the Chinese does not seem to be a constraint to fertility decline among that population. Since 1970, Chinese fertility has dropped rapidly; at the same time, Chinese son preference has become more pronounced. Evidence indicates that further reductions in Chinese fertility, through the reduction in sex preference, would be small.
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection
  20. Pasquariella SK
    POPIN Bull, 1984 Dec.
    PMID: 12267287
    Matched MeSH terms: Data Collection*
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