Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 139 in total

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  1. First Report of Pantoea anthophila Causing Soft Rot Disease in Clausena lansium (Wampee) in China
    Zhou JN, Liu SY, Chen YF, Liao LS
    Plant Dis, 2015 Mar;99(3):416.
    PMID: 30699721 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-10-14-1025-PDN
    Clausena lansium, also known as wampee (Clausena wampi), is a plant species native to China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, where it is widely cultivated, and also grown in India, Sri Lanka, Queensland, Florida, and Hawaii, but less frequently (3). The fruit can be consumed fresh or made into juice, jam, or succade. In summer to fall 2014, a soft rot disease was found in a wampee planting region in Yunan County, Guangdong Province, China. On Sept. 18, we collected diseased samples from a wampee orchard with about 20% disease incidence. The infected fruit initially showed pinpoint spots on the peel, water-soaked lesions, and light to dark brown discoloration. Spots expanded in 2 days, and tissues collapsed after 5 days. Severely affected fruit showed cracking or nonodorous decay. Five diseased samples were collected, and causal agents were isolated from symptomatic tissues 1 cm under the peel after surface sterilization in 0.3% NaOCl for 10 min and rinsing in sterile water three times. Tissues were placed on a Luria Bertani (LB) plate for culture. Ten representative isolates were selected for further characterization. No colony was isolated from healthy tissues. Colonies were round, smooth, with irregular edges, and produced a yellow pigment in culture. Biolog identification (Version 4.20.05) showed that all strains were gram negative, negative for indole production, and utilized glucose, maltose, trehalose, sucrose, D-lactose, and pectin but not sorbitol or gelatin. The isolates were identified as Pantoea agglomerans (SIM 0.69). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was conducted for rapid classification of the strains. Sequences of atpD, gyrB, infB, and rpoB were amplified using corresponding primers (2). All sequences of the 10 isolates were identical in each gene. BLASTn was performed, and maximum likelihood trees based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the four genes were constructed using MEGA6. Bootstrap values after 1,000 replicates were expressed as percentages. Results showed that the tested strain named CL1 was most homologous to P. anthophila, with 98% identity for atpD (KM521543), 100% for gyrB (KM521544), infB (KM521545), and rpoB (KM521546). The 16S rRNA sequence (KM521542) amplified by primers 27f and 1492r shared 99% identity with that of P. anthophila M19_2C (JN644500). P. anthophila was previously reclassified from P. agglomerans (3); therefore, we suggest naming this wampee pathogen P. anthophila. Subsequently, 10 wampee fruits were injected with 20 μl of bacterial suspension (1 × 108 CFU/ml) of strains CL1 and CL2, respectively, and another 10 were injected with 20 μl of LB medium as controls, all kept at 28°C for 4 days. Symptoms similar to those of natural infections were observed on inoculated fruits but not on the negative controls. Bacteria were isolated from diseased tissues and further identified as P. anthophila by gyrB sequencing. P. anthophila was reported to naturally infect balsam and marigold (1,2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. anthophila naturally causing soft rot disease and cracking on C. lansium (wampee). References: (1) C. Brady et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 31:447, 2008. (2) C. Brady et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2339, 2009. (3) J. Morton. Fruits of Warm Climates. Echo Point Books & Media, Miami, FL, 1987.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  2. Isolation methods and culture conditions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells from Malaysian women
    Raja Nor Suhaila, Sabreena Safuan
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:463-468.
    Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) isolated from umbilical cord is widely used as endothelial cell model.
    However, HUVEC has been characteristically hard to maintain and showed molecular heterogeneity depending on the
    umbilical cord donors. Commercial HUVEC is commonly derived from European and Caucasian population which have
    different molecular characteristics from Asian women. This study aimed to optimize the isolation and culture condition of
    HUVEC using combinations of growth factors and extracellular matrix components so that the isolated HUVEC will purely
    represent the population under study. Umbilical cords were obtained from women post-labour. Different incubation times
    and digestive enzymes were used during endothelial cells isolation process. The culture conditions were optimized based
    on the coating materials and the media supplements. The results showed that 0.1% collagenase for 40 min incubation
    was the optimal isolation condition of HUVEC. HUVEC grown in 0.2% gelatin coated plate with 10% heat-inactivated
    fetal calf serum showed higher proliferative capacity and reduced cell death compared to other conditions (p<0.05). The
    results generated from this study provide a basic protocol of HUVEC isolation and culture conditions in order to generate
    working endothelial cell populations purely represent the Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  3. Recent advances in the use of animal-sourced gelatine as natural polymers for food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications
    Mohd Shakrie Palan Abdullah, Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin, Syed Ibrahim Mohd Ismail, Nur Murnisa Mustapha, Malina Jasamai, Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:323-336.
    Gelatine is used as an excipient for various pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as capsule shells (both hard and soft),
    tablets, suspensions, emulsions and injections (e.g. plasma expanders). It is also broadly used in various industries
    such as food and cosmetics. Gelatine is a biopolymer obtained from discarded or unused materials of bovine, porcine,
    ovine, poultry and marine industrial farms. The discarded materials can be the skin, tendons, cartilages, bones and
    connective tissues. Gelatine sourced from animals is relatively easy and inexpensive to produce. The potential needs of
    gelatine cannot be overemphasised. Rising demands, health concerns and religious issues have heightened the need for
    alternative sources of gelatine. This review presents the various industrial uses of gelatine and the latest developments
    in producing gelatine from various sources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  4. Fulltext Synthesis, characterization and application of gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose blend films for preservation of cherry tomatoes and grapes
    Samsi MS, Kamari A, Din SM, Lazar G
    J Food Sci Technol, 2019 Jun;56(6):3099-3108.
    PMID: 31205364 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03809-3
    In the present study, gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose blend film was synthesized, characterized and applied for the first time to preserve cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) and grapes (Vitis vinifera). Gelatin (Gel) film forming solution was incorporated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at three volume per volume (Gel:CMC) ratios, namely 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. CMC treatment has improved the transparency, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of gelatin films. A pronounced effect was obtained for 25Gel:75CMC film. The TS and EAB values were increased from 25.98 MPa and 2.34% (100Gel:0CMC) to 37.54 MPa and 4.41% (25Gel:75CMC), respectively. A significant improvement in antimicrobial property of gelatin films against two food pathogens, namely Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was obtained in the presence of CMC. The effectiveness of gelatin-CMC blend films to extend the shelf life of agricultural products was evaluated in a 14-day preservation study. The gelatin-CMC films were successfully controlled the weight loss and browning index of the fruits up to 50.41% and 31.34%, respectively. Overall, gelatin-CMC film is an environmental friendly film for food preservation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  5. Fulltext Gelatin Microsphere for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Current and Future Strategies
    Sulaiman SB, Idrus RBH, Hwei NM
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Oct 19;12(10).
    PMID: 33086577 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102404
    The gelatin microsphere (GM) provides an attractive option for tissue engineering due to its versatility, as reported by various studies. This review presents the history, characteristics of, and the multiple approaches to, the production of GM, and in particular, the water in oil emulsification technique. Thereafter, the application of GM as a drug delivery system for cartilage diseases is introduced. The review then focusses on the emerging application of GM as a carrier for cells and biologics, and biologics delivery within a cartilage construct. The influence of GM on chondrocytes in terms of promoting chondrocyte proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation is highlighted. Furthermore, GM seeded with cells has been shown to have a high tendency to form aggregates; hence the concept of using GM seeded with cells as the building block for the formation of a complex tissue construct. Despite the advancement in GM research, some issues must still be addressed, particularly the improvement of GM's ability to home to defect sites. As such, the strategy of intraarticular injection of GM seeded with antibody-coated cells is proposed. By addressing this in future studies, a better-targeted delivery system, that would result in more effective intervention, can be achieved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  6. Characterization of Aquimarina hainanensis isolated from diseased mud crab Scylla serrata larvae in a hatchery
    Midorikawa Y, Shimizu T, Sanda T, Hamasaki K, Dan S, Lal MTBM, et al.
    J Fish Dis, 2020 May;43(5):541-549.
    PMID: 32147853 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13151
    Mass mortality due to necrosis signs occurred in hatchery-reared zoea stage larvae of the mud crab Scylla serrata in Okinawa, Japan, and a causative bacterium was isolated. In this study, we identified and characterized the bacterium by genome analysis, biochemical properties and pathogenicity. The bacterium was a Gram-negative, non-motile, long rod, forming yellow colonies on a marine agar plate. It grew at 20-33°C (not at 37°C) and degraded chitin and gelatin. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the bacterium as Aquimarina hainanensis. Genome sequence data obtained from Illumina MiSeq generated 29 contigs with 3.56 Mbp in total length and a G + C content of 32.5%. The predicted 16 chitinase genes, as putative virulence factors, had certain homologies with those of genus Aquimarina. Experimental infection with the bacterium conducted on larvae of four crustacean species, brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, freshwater shrimp Caridina multidentata, swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and mud crab S. serrata, revealed that this bacterium was highly virulent to these species. The present study suggests that the bacterium caused mass mortality in mud crab seed production was A. hainanensis and can be widely pathogenic to crustaceans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  7. Fulltext Fabrication of Bio-Based Gelatin Sponge for Potential Use as A Functional Acellular Skin Substitute
    Arif MMA, Fauzi MB, Nordin A, Hiraoka Y, Tabata Y, Yunus MHM
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Nov 13;12(11).
    PMID: 33202700 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112678
    Gelatin possesses biological properties that resemble native skin and can potentially be fabricated as a skin substitute for full-thickness wound treatment. The native property of gelatin, whereby it is easily melted and degraded at body temperature, could prevent its biofunctionality for various applications. This study aimed to fabricate and characterise buffalo gelatin (Infanca halal certified) crosslinked with chemical type crosslinker (genipin and genipin fortified with EDC) and physicaly crosslink using the dihydrothermal (DHT) method. A porous gelatin sponge (GS) was fabricated by a freeze-drying process followed by a complete crosslinking via chemical-natural and synthetic-or physical intervention using genipin (GNP), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) (EDC) and dihydrothermal (DHT) methods, respectively. The physicochemical, biomechanical, cellular biocompatibility and cell-biomaterial interaction of GS towards human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) and dermal fibroblasts (HDF) were evaluated. Results showed that GS had a uniform porous structure with pore size ranging between 60 and 200 µm with high porosity (>78.6 ± 4.1%), high wettability (<72.2 ± 7.0°), high tensile strain (>13.65 ± 1.10%) and 14 h of degradation rate. An increase in the concentration and double-crosslinking approach demonstrated an increment in the crosslinking degree, enzymatic hydrolysis resistance, thermal stability, porosity, wettability and mechanical strength. The GS can be tuned differently from the control by approaching the GS via a different crosslinking strategy. However, a decreasing trend was observed in the pore size, water retention and water absorption ability. Crosslinking with DHT resulted in large pore sizes (85-300 µm) and low water retention (236.9 ± 18.7 g/m2·day) and a comparable swelling ratio with the control (89.6 ± 7.1%). Moreover no changes in the chemical content and amorphous phase identification were observed. The HEK and HDF revealed slight toxicity with double crosslinking. HEK and HDF attachment and proliferation remain similar to each crosslinking approach. Immunogenicity was observed to be higher in the double-crosslinking compared to the single-crosslinking intervention. The fabricated GS demonstrated a dynamic potential to be tailored according to wound types by manipulating the crosslinking intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  8. Fulltext Role of organic and ceramic biomaterials on bone healing and regeneration: An experimental study with significant value in translational tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
    Moshiri A, Tekyieh Maroof N, Mohammad Sharifi A
    Iran J Basic Med Sci, 2020 Nov;23(11):1426-1438.
    PMID: 33235700 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.46228.10707
    Objectives: We investigated the role of various biomaterials on cell viability and in healing of an experimentally induced femoral bone hole model in rats.

    Materials and Methods: Cell viability and cytotoxicity of gelatin (Gel; 50 µg/µl), chitosan (Chi; 20 µg/µl), hydroxyapatite (HA; 50 µg/µl), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA; 10 µg/µl), three-calcium phosphate (TCP; 50 µg/µl) and strontium carbonate (Sr; 10 µg/µl) were evaluated on hADSCs via MTT assay. In vivo femoral drill-bone hole model was produced in rats that were either left untreated or treated with autograft, Gel, Chi, HA, nHA, TCP and Sr, respectively. The animals were euthanized after 30 days. Their bone holes were evaluated by gross-pathology, histopathology, SEM and radiography. Also, their dry matter, bone ash and mineral density were measured.

    Results: Both the Gel and Chi showed cytotoxicity, while nHA had no role on cytotoxicity and cell-viability. All the HA, TCP and Sr significantly improved cell viability when compared to controls (P<0.05). Both the Gel and Chi had no role on osteoconduction and osteoinduction. Compared to HA, nHA showed superior role in increasing new bone formation, mineral density and ash (P<0.05). In contrast to HA and nHA, both the TCP and Sr showed superior morphological, radiographical and biochemical properties on bone healing (P<0.05). TCP and Sr showed the most effective osteoconduction and osteoinduction, respectively. In the Sr group, the most mature type of osteons formed.

    Conclusion: Various biomaterials have different in vivo efficacy during bone regeneration. TCP was found to be the best material for osteoconduction and Sr for osteoinduction.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  9. Fulltext Effects of different drying methods on the rheological, functional and structural properties of chicken skin gelatin compared to bovine gelatin
    Rasli, H.I., Sarbon, N.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(2):584-592.
    MyJurnal
    This study investigates effects from different drying methods (vacuum oven dried vs. freeze dried) on the rheological, functional and structural properties of chicken skin gelatin compared to bovine gelatin. Vacuum oven dried chicken skin samples showed a higher gelatin yield (12.86%) than freeze-dried samples (9.25%). The latter showed a higher melting temperature (32.64oC) and superior foaming capacity (176%) as well as foaming stability (166.67%). Vacuum oven dried samples demonstrated greater fat binding capacity (5.5 ml/g) and emulsion stability (55.79%). There were no significant differences (p >0.05) in emulsion and water holding capacity for three gelatins. Bovine gelatin did hold the lowest of all functional properties studied. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum analysis of chicken skin gelatin under both drying methods presented structures similar to those of bovine gelatin. Collectively, this findings indicated no significant differences (p >0.05) in rheological, functional and structural properties for chicken skin gelatins prepared by either drying method. Hence, to save costs and maintain gelatin quality, vacuum oven drying offers potential as an alternative means of production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  10. Fulltext Physicochemical and structural properties of Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) skin gelatin as compared to bovine gelatin
    Rosli, N., Sarbon, N.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(2):699-706.
    MyJurnal
    The aims of this study are to report on the extraction and characterization of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) skin gelatin. The characterization conducted were includes chemical composition, pH, gel strength, viscosity, thermal property, color and structure determination of extracted eel skin gelatin. Eel skin contains 70.28% moisture, 11.07% protein, 4.21% fat, and 5.01% ash. The chemical composition of eel skin gelatin (yield of 12.75%) was 18.8% moisture, 67.64% protein, 0.34% fat and 1.08% ash, with a pH of 4.62 and gel strength of 215.96 g (± 9.62 g). Although viscosity (2.8 cPa/min) profile of eel skin gelatin showed lower than that of bovine gelatin, the higher melting temperature (35 °C) of eel skin gelatin indicating its higher stability than bovine gelatin with FTIR spectrum similar to that of typical bovine gelatin. Eel skin gelatin has a 71.4 (± 1.14), a +3.2 (± 0.29), and a +7.52 (± 0.29) for L*, a* and b* value respectively, indicate a darker and less yellow colour. These findings show promising potential for the application of eel skin gelatin as an alternative to commercial gelatin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  11. Fulltext In vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of silver-coated electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatine nanofibrous scaffolds
    Lim MM, Sultana N
    3 Biotech, 2016 Dec;6(2):211.
    PMID: 28330282 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0531-6
    The development of nano-sized scaffolds with antibacterial properties that mimic the architecture of tissue is one of the challenges in tissue engineering. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL/gelatine (Ge) (70:30) nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated using a less toxic and common solvent, formic acid and an electrospinning technique. Nanofibrous scaffolds were coated with silver (Ag) in different concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) aqueous solution (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 %) by using dipping method, drying and followed by ultraviolet (UV) photoreduction. The PCL/Ge (70:30) nanofibrous scaffold had an average fibre diameter of 155.60 ± 41.13 nm. Characterization showed that Ag was physically entrapped in both the PCL and PCL/Ge (70:30) nanofibrous scaffolds. Ag(+) ions release study was performed and showed much lesser release amount than the maximum toxic concentration of Ag(+) ions in human cells. Both scaffolds were non-toxic to cells and demonstrated antibacterial effects towards Gram-positive Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The Ag/PCL/Ge (70:30) nanofibrous scaffold has potential for tissue engineering as it can protect wounds from bacterial infection and promote tissue regeneration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  12. Fulltext Differentiation of bovine and porcine gelatins in processed products via Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques
    Nur Azira, T., Amin, I., Che Man, Y. B.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):1175-1180.
    MyJurnal
    Gelatin is widely used in food and pharmaceutical products. However, the addition of gelatin especially in food products becomes a controversial issue among Muslims due to its animal origin. Thus, the present study was aimed to detect and differentiate the origin of gelatin added in processed foods using a combination method of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Porcine gelatin had exhibited 11 prominent polypeptides compared to bovine gelatin with 2 prominent polypeptides. Polypeptides of both gelatin sources at molecular weight ranged from 53 to 220 kDa can be used to differentiate between porcine and bovine gelatins using PCA. The efficiency in extracting gelatin from processed foods by different solutions was also evaluated. Extraction of gelatin in processed foods by cold acetone and deionised water had exhibited a similar polypeptide patterns, suggesting both solutions are suitable. The study indicated that approach of a simple gelatin extraction combined with SDS-PAGE and PCA, may provide robust information for gelatin species differentiation of processed foods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  13. Fulltext Effects of extraction time on the functional properties of silver catfish (Pangasius sutchi) skin gelatin
    Normah Ismail, Najihah Shukor, Zainal Samicho
    Scientific Research Journal, 2013;10(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Silver catfish (Pangasius sutchi) skin gelatin was extracted to determine the effects of extraction time on the functional properties of the gelatin in terms of solubility, protein solubility as a function of pH and sodium chloride concentration, emulsifying capacity and stability, water holding capacity, fat binding capacities and foaming properties. Silver catfish skins were washed in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution prior to pre-treatment in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acetic acid solution. Gelatin was extracted at 50ºC for 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours extraction time followed by freeze drying. The extraction of silver catfish skin gelatin at 50 ºC for 12 hours was more effective than extraction at 6, 8 and 10 hours where the gelatin was characterized by higher emulsifying capacity (52.63%), emulsifying stability (47.83%), water holding capacity (31.78 mL/g), fat binding capacities (54.76%), foaming capacity (41.47 mL) and foaming stability (56.42%) than gelatins extracted at other extraction time. The longer the extraction time, the better the functional properties of the gelatin. Based on its good functional properties, silver catfish skin gelatin may be useful in various food applications such as soups, sauces and gravies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  14. Fulltext Glycaemic index of eight types of commercial rice in Malaysia
    Mohd Yusof BN, Abdul Talib R, Abdul Karim N
    Malays J Nutr, 2005;11(2):151-163.
    MyJurnal
    This experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of eight types of commercial rice in Malaysia on blood glucose response and to determine their glycaemic index (GI) values. Ten healthy Malay volunteers (7 males, 3 females, BMI=23.6kgm-2, age=25.1years) participated in this study. The eight types of rice tested were three high fibre rice (HFR A, HFR B & HFR C), three white rice (WR D, WR E and WR F) and two fragrant rice (FR G and FR H). The subjects were required to go through the study protocol on eleven separate occasions (eight tests for the test rice samples and three repeated tests for the reference food) after an overnight fasting. Capillary blood samples were taken immediately before (0min) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min after consumption of the test foods. The blood glucose response was obtained by calculating the incremental area under the curve (iAUC). The GI was determined according to the standardised methodology. This study showed that out of eight types of rice tested, three (HFR B, WR E and WR F) could be categorised as having intermediate GI while the remaining five were considered high GI foods (HFR A, HFR C, WR D, FR G and FR H). The GI of HFR B (60 ± 5.8) and WR E (61 ± 5.8) were significantly lower than the reference food (glucose; GI=100) (p0.05). The GI value of the rice tested in descending order were HFR C, 87 ± 9.0 followed by HFR A (81 ± 6.7), FR G (80 ± 5.5), FR H (79 ± 7.6), WR D (72 ± 8.5), WR F (69 ± 8.3), WR E (61 ± 5.8) and HFR B (60 ± 5.8). There was no relationship between the dietary fibre content of the rice with the iAUC (r= -0.05, p=0.63) and GI values (r= -0.08, p=0.46). This shows that the GI values of the test rice were independent of the dietary fibre content of the rice. Other factors that may influence the GI value of rice include amylose content, gelatinisation process and botanical sources. The results of this study will provide useful information for dietitians and nutritionists in selecting the appropriate type of rice for the daily diet of diabetics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  15. Fulltext Physicochemical, pasting and gel textural properties of wheat-ripe Cavendish banana composite flours
    Ng, K. F., Abbas, F. M. A., Tan, T. C., Azhar, M. E.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(2):655-662.
    MyJurnal
    Proximate composition, pH and amylose content of ripe Cavendish banana flour (RBF) prepared in this study were compared with all-purpose wheat flour (WF). RBF was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in total carbohydrates and minerals content, while significantly (P < 0.05) lower in protein and fat contents compared with those of WF. Wheat-ripe banana composite flours (W-RBF) prepared by partial substitution of WF with RBF were assessed for swelling power, solubility, pasting properties and gel textural properties. Granular swelling of RBF occurred at a higher temperature compared to that of WF, suggesting that more energy and water were required to cook WF-RBF as the presence of soluble carbohydrates would compete for water and this would eventually delay starch hydration and granular expansion during cooking. Higher substitution with RBF led to higher soluble carbohydrates content, and increase in solubility index of WF-RBF. Partial substitution with RBF also resulted in significant (P < 0.05) decrease in pasting properties. A higher substitution of WF with RBF could reduce starch gelatinisation during cooking and retrogradation owing to the reduction of available starch in WF-RBF. All WF-RBF gels were significantly (P < 0.05) firmer and less sticky compared to WF gels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  16. Fulltext Effect of ribose-induced Maillard reaction on physical and mechanical properties of bovine gelatin films prepared by oven drying
    Samira, S., Thuan-Chew Tan, T.C., Azhar, M.E.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(1):269-276.
    MyJurnal
    The effect of ribose-induced Maillard reaction on the physical and mechanical properties of gelatin films was investigated. Bovine gelatin solution (5 g/100 mL) containing glycerol and sorbitol (1:1) was mixed with 20% (R20), 40% ribose (R40), or 40% sucrose (S40) (weight % is based on gelatin dry weight) followed by heating (90ºC, 2 h) and oven drying to produce dried gelatin films. R20 and R40 films were brownish in color with lower light transparency, while CF (control film; without sugars) and S40 were colorless and had higher transparency. Tensile strength and Young Modulus values of the films were in the order; CF > R20 > R40 > S40, while elongation at break was in the order; R40 > S40 > R20 > CF. Water solubility and swelling percentages of the films were in the order; CF > S40 > R20 > R40, indicating the occurrence of insoluble “Maillard complexes” within R20 and R40 films. R20 and R40 films showed maximum light absorption at wavelength of 200 − 350 nm, whilst S40 and CF showed maximum absorbance at 200 − 250 nm. The addition of ribose yielded gelatin films with increased protection against UV light, even though the presence of sugars might had disrupted the inter connection of junction zones and decrease in mechanical properties. Occurrence of the Maillard reaction within R20 and R40 films could be the main reason for differences in physical and mechanical properties of films containing ribose that were formed from heated film-forming solutions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  17. Gene expression of microbial gelatinase activity for porcine gelatine identification
    Shahimi S, Lamri MF, Abd Mutalib S, Mohd Khalid R, Md Tab M, Khairuddin F
    Food Chem, 2021 Sep 01;355:129586.
    PMID: 33773458 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129586
    In order to invent a porcine gelatine detection device using microbial resources, bacterial enzymes with a preference towards porcine gelatine and their candidate genes were evaluated. Five (n = 5) bacterial strains isolated from hot spring water and wet clay, Malaysia were screened for their gelatinase activity. The gelatinase enzyme was extracted and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation prior to performing gelatinase assay on porcine, bovine and fish gelatine medium substrates. The G2 strain or Enterobacter aerogenes (Strain EA1) was selected for whole genome sequenced after showing a consistent trend of preference towards porcine gelatine. The gelatinase candidate gene gelEA1_9 was cloned and expressed. Based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with POST-HOC Duncan test (α = 0.05), the final product of gelEA1_9 was identified as a novel gelatinase. This gelatinase presented no significant difference in activity towards porcine gelatine. Hence, the present study demonstrated an enzyme-substrate interaction for porcine gelatine identification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin; Gelatinases
  18. Fulltext Characterisation of biodegradable protein based films from gelatin alternative: a review
    Nazmi, N. N. M., Isa, M. I. N., Sarbon, N. M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(6):971-987.
    MyJurnal
    Protein-based films are thin and flexible films derived from protein sources. They are
    completely biodegradable and used in food engineering, packaging, drug recovery, and other
    applications. In food packaging, gelatin is widely used due to properties such as low cost,
    availability, functional attributes, mechanical (flexibility and tension) and optical (brightness
    and opacity) strength, barrier against gas flow, and structural resistance to water and
    microorganisms. Therefore, this paper reviews the characterisation of biodegradable
    protein-based films from gelatin alternatives, mainly from fish and chicken skin, as food
    packaging materials. The properties of film packaging derived from gelatin alternatives were
    compared with films derived from mammalian gelatin. The findings showed that the blended
    gelatin alternatives with polysaccharide improved physical properties such as water vapour
    permeability, gas permeability, light transmission and transparency, thermal properties,
    microstructure, colour, and heat sealability. Moreover, improvements in mechanical
    properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break were also investigated. This review
    also comes out with suggestions for future research on the compatibility between gelatin films
    and food ingredients. This paper provides a comprehensive overview that promotes the
    development of biodegradable blended films from gelatin alternatives for packaging
    applications in the food industry and related fields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  19. Fulltext Chicken gelatin films: rheological properties of film forming solutions and film characterisation as influenced by starch incorporation
    Cheng, S. H., Sarbon, N. M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(6):1094-1104.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of the present work was to develop chicken skin gelatin films incorporated with
    different concentrations of rice starch prepared by casting techniques. Six film-forming
    solutions were prepared separately with different blend ratios of chicken skin gelatin to rice
    starch: A (0/100), B (5/100), C (10/100), D (15/100), E (20/100), and F (25/100). The
    rheological properties of the film-forming solutions (FFS) were determined using frequency
    sweep. The mechanical and physical properties of the respective films were also evaluated.
    With the increase in rice starch concentration, the storage (G’) modulus of FFS increased
    dramatically with loss (G”) modulus as the oscillatory frequency rising to contribute to gel
    behaviour (G’ > G”). As rice starch concentration increased, the chicken skin gelatin films
    also demonstrated higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and water vapour permeability,
    but reduced the solubility of gelatin films in water. Additionally, elevation in melting point
    values indicated that the thermal stability of the composite films was enhanced with the
    increment of rice starch concentration. Film F (with 25% rice starch) yielded the optimal film
    formulation, as it had the highest tensile strength and a high elongation at break value. Thus,
    film F shows the best potential as a film for food packaging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
  20. Accelerated wound closure - Systematic evaluation of cellulose acetate effects on biologically active molecules release from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs)
    Nuge T, Liu X, Tshai KY, Lim SS, Nordin N, Hoque ME, et al.
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2021 Apr 07.
    PMID: 33826152 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2162
    Despite a lot of intensive research on cells-scaffolds interaction, focused are mainly on the capacity of construct scaffolds to regulate cell mobility, migration and cytotoxicity. The effect of the scaffold's topographical and material properties on the expression of biologically active compounds from stem cells is not well understood. In this study, the influence of cellulose acetate (CA) on the electrospinnability of gelatin and the roles of gelatin-cellulose acetate (Ge-CA) on modulating the release of biologically active compounds from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) is emphasized. It was found that the presence of a small amount of CA could provide a better microenvironment that mimics AFSCs' niche. However, a large amount of CA exhibited no significant effect on AFSCs migration and infiltration. Further study on the effect of surface topography and mechanical properties on AFSCs showed that the tailored microenvironment provided by the Ge-CA scaffolds had transduced physical cues to biomolecules released into the culture media. It was found that the AFSCs seeded on electrospun scaffolds with less CA proportions has profound effects on the secretion of metabolic compounds compared to those with higher CA contained and gelatin coating. The enhanced secretion of biologically active molecules by the AFSCs on the electrospun scaffolds was proven by the accelerated wound closure on the injured human dermal fibroblast (HDF) model. The rapid HDF cell migration could be anticipated due to a higher level of paracrine factors in AFSCs media. Our study demonstrates that the fibrous topography and mechanical properties of the scaffold is a key material property that modulates the high expression of biologically active compounds from the AFSCs. The discovery elucidates a new aspect of material functions and scaffolds material-AFSCs interaction for regulating biomolecules release to promote tissue regeneration/repair. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the scaffolds material-AFSCs interaction and the efficacy of scratch assays on quantifying the cell migration in response to the AFSCs metabolic products. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gelatin
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