Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 261 in total

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  1. Fulltext Isolated hepatitis B core antibody positive among vaccinated cohort in Malaysia
    Hudu SA, Malik YA, Niazlin MT, Harmal NS, Alshrari AS, Sekawi Z
    Ann Saudi Med, 2013;33(6):591-4.
    PMID: 24413864 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2013.591
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) are detected in almost every patient with previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, with this marker alone, one cannot understand the activity of the disease; therefore, this study aimed to identify the implication of isolated hepatitis B core antibody and evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine booster in isolated anti-HBc among adults who received the HBV vaccine as infants.

    DESIGN AND SETTINGS: A prospective cohort study of vaccinated undergraduate students of University Putra Malaysia.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 408 undergraduate students who received infant hepatitis B vaccination volunteered for this study; 5 mL of venous blood was taken from the volunteers. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antibodies were tested using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (DRG international Inc., USA). Molecular detection of hepatitis B viral DNA was performed using nested polymerase chain reaction.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of isolated anti-HBc among the vaccinated cohort was found to be 5.0%, out of which 80% had a hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) titer higher than 10 IU/L, while 20% had less than 10 IU/L anti-HBs titer. All the anti-HBc positivesubjects had detectable hepatitis B viral DNA in their serum. Anamnestic response was found to be 100% among isolated anti-HBc with negative antibody.

    CONCLUSION: Isolated anti-HBc developed protective levels of anti-HBs after a single dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccination. HBV DNA was detected in all isolated anti-HBc indicating occult chronic HBV infection with undetectable HBsAg.

    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization, Secondary
  2. Epidemiology and short-term outcome of kawasaki disease in Malaysian children
    Hung, Liang Choo
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2007;15(1):28-32.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) and acute rheumatic fever are the two leading causes of acquired heart disease in children in the developing countries. Objectives: To determine the epidemiology of KD and its short-term outcome in Malaysian children. Materials & Methods: A retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of KD at the Kuala Lumpur Hospital from January 1999 to December 2003. Results: 84 patients with KD were seen over the 5 year period. Of these, 52 (61.90%) were male and 32 (38.10%) female. Malays comprised 51 (60.71%), Chinese 30 (35.71%) and Indian 3 (3.57%). Their ages ranged from 2 months to 11 years 1 month old. There were 25 (29.76%) patients less than one year old, 50 (59.52%) aged 1-4 years, 4 (4.76%) aged 5-7 years and 5 (5.95%) were more than 7 years old. Echocardiographic examination during the acute phase showed that 24 patients (28.57%) had coronary artery dilatation; 23 had mild dilatation and one had giant aneurysm involving both coronary arteries. Echocardiographic examination at 8 weeks showed that 5 (21.74%) of the 23 patients with mildly dilated coronary arteries had resolved; the bilateral giant coronary aneurysms remained the same. There was no death due to KD over the 5 year period. Conclusion: KD occurred most commonly in children aged 1-4 years old with a peak at 17 months. There was male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Despite immunoglobulin therapy, 29% of patients had coronary artery involvementduring the acute phase; 22% of those with mild coronary artery dilatation resolved at 8 weeks after disease onset.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization, Passive
  3. Poliomyelitis in Malaysia - a case of underdiagnosis?
    Hussain Imam Muhammad Ismail
    Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1992;4(1):23-26.
    MyJurnal
    The last confirmed case of poliomyelitis in West Malaysia was in 1986', and over the past few years, we have condescendingly associated polio with other developing countries. Recently, 2 children with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) were confirmed as cases of poliomyelitis due to a wild strain of the virus. This implies a failure of the immunisation programme to contain the spread of the wild virus (Hall). However, if we look at the WHO standard case definition of polio virus infection (appendix 1) it is possible that we could have missed a few cases over the last 6 years. At this juncture a brief clinical summary of the 2 cases and a discussion of the differential diagnosis may be useful. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization; Immunization Programs
  4. Fulltext Current perspectives and challenges of primary immunodeficiency disease in Malaysia
    Intan Juliana Abd Hamid, Zarina Thasneem Zainudeen, Ilie Fadzilah Hashim
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019;25(2):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) or inborn error of immunity is a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases affecting the immune system resulting in increased susceptibility to infections, immune dysregulation, autoimmune manifestations, lymphoproliferation and malignancy. Cases of PIDs have been reported in Malaysia since 1977 and the numbers of reported cases steadily increased for the past 30 years with more trained clinical immunologist available, better immunodiagnostic facilities, wider immunoglobulin replacement therapy availability and improved techniques in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for PIDs. In this article, we highlight some of the limitations and challenges in the diagnosis and therapy of PID, and more recent efforts to establish PID services in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization, Passive
  5. Fulltext Adult immunization--a neglected issue in Southeast Asia
    Isahak I, Steering Committee for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Asia
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2000 Mar;31(1):173-84.
    PMID: 11023089
    Adult immunization is a neglected and underpublicised issue in Southeast Asia. Vaccine-preventable diseases cause unnecessary morbidity and mortality among adults in the region, while inadequate immunization results in unnecessary costs, including those associated with hospitalization, treatment, and loss of income. Childhood vaccination coverage is high for the EPI diseases of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis; however, unvaccinated, undervaccinated, and aging adults with waning immunity remain at risk from infection and may benefit from vaccination. Catch-up immunization is advisable for adults seronegative for hepatitis B virus, while immunization against the hepatitis A and varicella viruses may benefit those who remain susceptible. Among older adults, immunization against influenza and pneumococcal infections is likely to be beneficial in reducing morbidity and mortality. Certain vaccinations are also recommended for specific groups, such as rubella for women of child-bearing age, typhoid for those travelling to high-endemicity areas, and several vaccines for high-risk occupational groups such as health care workers. This paper presents an overview of a number of vaccine-preventable diseases which occur in adults, and highlights the importance of immunization to protect those at risk of infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization*; Immunization Programs
  6. Fulltext Acceptability of two- versus three-dose human papillomavirus vaccination schedule among providers and mothers of adolescent girls: a mixed-methods study in five countries
    Islam JY, Hoyt AM, Ramos S, Morgan K, Kim CJ, de Sanjose S, et al.
    Cancer Causes Control, 2018 Nov;29(11):1115-1130.
    PMID: 30284670 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1085-1
    PURPOSE: The World Health Organization revised its human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination recommendations to include a two (2-) dose schedule for girls aged ≤ 15 years. We investigated acceptability of 2- versus 3-dose schedule among adolescent vaccination providers and mothers of adolescent girls in five countries.

    METHODS: Adolescent vaccination providers (N = 151) and mothers of adolescent girls aged 9-14 years (N = 118) were recruited from Argentina, Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain. We assessed providers' preference for a 2- versus 3-dose HPV vaccination schedule via quantitative surveys. Mothers' attitudes towards a 2-dose schedule were assessed through focus group discussions.

    RESULTS: Most adolescent providers preferred a 2- over a 3-dose HPV vaccination schedule (overall: 74%), with preference ranging from 45.2% (South Africa) to 90.0% (South Korea). Lower cost, fewer clinic visits, and higher series completion were commonly cited reasons for 2-dose preference among providers and mothers. Safety and efficacy concerns were commonly cited barriers to accepting a 2-dose HPV vaccination schedule among providers and mothers. Mothers generally accepted the reduced schedule, however requested further information from a trusted source.

    CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent vaccination providers and mothers preferred the 2-dose over 3-dose HPV vaccination schedule. Acceptability of a 2-dose HPV vaccination could be improved with additional information to providers and mothers on HPV vaccination safety and efficacy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization Schedule*
  7. Feed-based vaccination regime against streptococcosis in red tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus
    Ismail MS, Siti-Zahrah A, Syafiq MR, Amal MN, Firdaus-Nawi M, Zamri-Saad M
    BMC Vet Res, 2016;12(1):194.
    PMID: 27608936 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0834-1
    Streptococcosis is an important disease of tilapia throughout the world. In Malaysia, streptococcosis outbreak was commonly reported during the 3-month period of high water temperature between April and July. This study describes the duration of protection following single and double booster dose regimes against streptococcosis in tilapia using a feed-based vaccine containing formalin-killed Streptococcus agalactiae. A total of 510 tilapias of 120 ± 10 g were selected and divided into 3 groups. Fish of Group 1 were vaccinated at weeks 0 and 2 (single booster group) while fish of Group 2 were vaccinated at weeks 0, 2 and 6 (double booster group) with a feed-based vaccine against streptococcosis. Fish of Group 3 was not vaccinated. Serum samples were collected weekly to determine the antibody level while samples of eye, brain and kidney were collected for bacterial isolation. At week 10, all fish were challenged with live S. agalactiae and the survival rate was determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization, Secondary
  8. Enhancement of ovalbumin-specific IgA responses via oral boosting with antigen co-administered with an aqueous Solanum torvum extract
    Israf DA, Lajis NH, Somchit MN, Sulaiman MR
    Life Sci, 2004 Jun 11;75(4):397-406.
    PMID: 15147827
    An experiment was conducted with the objective to enhance mucosal immunity against ovalbumin (OVA) by co-administration of OVA with an aqueous extract from the fruit of Solanum torvum (STE). Five groups of female ICR mice aged approximately 8 weeks at the commencement of the experiment were caged in groups of eight and received various treatments. The treatments included OVA alone, OVA with cholera toxin (CT), and OVA with various doses of STE. Mice were primed intraperitoneally with 500 microg of OVA alone or co-administered with 0.1 microg CT, or with 1 microg STE. All mice were boosted orally via gastric intubation 14 days after priming with 10 mg OVA alone, or co-administered with 10 microg CT or with 10 mg, 1 mg or 0.1 mg STE. One week later all mice were killed and organs obtained for analysis of the immune response. Intestinal, faecal and pulmonary OVA-specific sIgA concentration was significantly increased (p<0.05) in mice that received booster combinations of OVA/CT and OVA with all extract doses (p<0.05). Specific serum IgG titres did not differ significantly between groups. It is concluded that STE can significantly enhance secretory immunity in the intestine to OVA with mucosal homing to the lungs. The adjuvant effect of STE is comparable to that of CT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization
  9. Immunogenicity of the 9-Valent HPV Vaccine Using 2-Dose Regimens in Girls and Boys vs a 3-Dose Regimen in Women
    Iversen OE, Miranda MJ, Ulied A, Soerdal T, Lazarus E, Chokephaibulkit K, et al.
    JAMA, 2016 12 13;316(22):2411-2421.
    PMID: 27893068 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.17615
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause anogenital cancers and warts. The 9-valent HPV vaccine provides protection against 7 high-risk types of HPV responsible for 90% of cervical cancers and 2 other HPV types accounting for 90% of genital warts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization Schedule*
  10. Fulltext Vaccine hesitancy in East Malaysia (Sabah): A survey of the national COVID-19 immunisation programme
    Jafar A, Mapa MT, Sakke N, Dollah R, Joko EP, Atang C, et al.
    Geospat Health, 2022 01 14;17(s1).
    PMID: 35147010 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2022.1037
    The Malaysian government has introduced the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme (PICK) as a new mechanism to address the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Unfortunately, the number of PICK registrations is still unsatisfactory and is now even lower. The low level of participation of the Sabah (East Malaysia) population significantly impacts the PICK registrations. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors that cause vaccine hesitancy among the people of Sabah. This study seeks to identify these trends based on zone and district boundaries. A total of 1024 respondents were sampled in this study. Raw data collected through the survey method were analysed using K-means clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and spatial analysis. The study discovered that factors including confidence, authority, mainstream media, complacency, social media, and convenience are the top causes of vaccine hesitancy among respondents. This study also revealed that the Sabah population's key variables causing vaccine hesitancy to vary by region (zones and districts). The conclusion is significant as a source of supporting data for stakeholders seeking to identify the Sabah population's constraints in each region and therefore, it would help improve PICK management's performance in Sabah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization Programs
  11. Fulltext Adult Immunization - Need of the Hour
    Jairaj A, Shirisha P, Abdul MSM, Fatima U, Tiwari RVC, Moothedath M
    J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2018 11 29;8(6):475-481.
    PMID: 30596036 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_347_18
    Immunization is the process of making individuals immune. Childhood immunization is a common process for various aliments, but adult immunization in the Indian scenario is obscure. Officially, India has been declared polio-free, which is an achievement despite cultural, political, economic, geographic, and so many other factors. The changing demographics of adult, geriatric population and growing cost of health-care maintenance are a concern in developing countries like India. Thus, promoting healthy lifestyle needs prevention, early detection, and management of various diseases and disorders. Certainly, prevention in adults is yet to be tapped completely, so that goal of 100% prevention can be achieved. Various fraternities of medical association have come up with guidelines for adult immunization schedules in India. The present paper reviews infectious diseases such as anthrax, chikungunya, cholera, dengue, influenza, and malaria in this section of the review. We humbly request all health-care professionals and educators to educate the mass for adult immunization. So that, cost involved for treatment and workforce for the management of diseases can be better utilized in some other needed areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization; Immunization Schedule
  12. Fulltext Vaccine knowledge, awareness, and hesitancy among Malaysian parents attending health clinics in Sandakan, Sabah
    James Yau Hon Voo, Baharudin Ibrahim, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, Foong Ming Moy
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):21-21.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: There has been a resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in Malaysia over the recent years. In overcoming this issue, parents as the main caregiver of their children play a major role, which is to protect their children against diseases via vaccinations. This study aimed to examine the parents’ vaccine knowledge, aware-ness, and hesitancy in relation to their children’s immunisation status and to determine the association between the parents’ vaccine knowledge, awareness, and hesitancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 405 parents was conducted in the Sandakan health clinics from February 2018 to April 2018 by employing validated questionnaires adapted from two studies. Results: The median ± IQR of the total vaccine knowledge and awareness scores (ranging from 0-10) were 7.00±3.00 and 8.00±4.00, respectively. Meanwhile, the median ± IQR of the total vaccine hesitancy scores (ranging from 0-100) was 16.67±20.00, with only 27 (6.8%) parents being vaccine-hesitant (scores >50). Most of the children (n=376, 92.8%) were immunised in the study. It observed a significant association between the children’s immunisation status and the parents’ vaccine knowledge scores (p = 0.005). Nevertheless, the children’s immunisation status was not significantly associated with the parents’ vaccine awareness and hesitancy scores. The positive Spearman correlation value (r = 0.551) signified that the parents’ vaccine knowledge was posi-tively associated with their vaccine awareness. On the other hand, both the vaccine knowledge and awareness were negatively correlated to the vaccine hesitancy as indicated by the negative Spearman correlation value (r = -0.397 and r = -0.351 respectively). Conclusion: The study established that the parents with a better understanding about vaccinations were more likely to keep their children’s immunisation up-to-date. It was also revealed that improving the parents’ knowledge and raising their awareness about the importance of vaccination are vital in reducing their vaccine hesitancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization
  13. Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive and non-invasive disease in South East Asia: a review
    Jauneikaite E, Jefferies JM, Hibberd ML, Clarke SC
    Vaccine, 2012 May 21;30(24):3503-14.
    PMID: 22475858 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.066
    BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of bacterial infections resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, up to 13 serotypes are included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). However, the serotype formulation of these vaccines was initially designed to protect children against serotypes most commonly causing invasive disease in North America, and may not reflect the serotype distribution across the world. Data regarding pneumococcal epidemiology from the other parts of the world, in particular South East Asia, has not been reviewed.
    METHODS: This systematic literature review analyses published serotype data regarding S. pneumoniae isolates from South East Asian countries (defined as countries belonging to the Association of South East Asian Nations, ASEAN): Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam up to 3rd of March 2012.
    RESULTS: Analysis of data from six ASEAN countries, from which information on pneumococcal serotypes was available, showed that the most common disease causing serotypes (in rank order) were 19F, 23F, 14, 6B, 1, 19A and 3. Serotype distribution of pneumococcal isolates was similar across the ASEAN region. Serotype level data was more commonly reported for pneumococcal isolates causing invasive pneumococcal disease than for those from non-invasive disease. Studies from Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore contributed the largest proportion of pneumococcal isolates, and serotype data, when compared to other ASEAN countries.
    CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates that the majority of IPD causing serotypes in SE Asia are included in currently licensed PCVs. However, PCV's are included in the routine childhood immunisation schedule of only one of the ten countries included in this analysis. Our findings demonstrate the scarcity of information available on serotype prevalence and distribution of pneumococci in SE Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization Schedule
  14. Fulltext Recent advances in delivery of veterinary DNA vaccines against avian pathogens
    Jazayeri SD, Poh CL
    Vet Res, 2019 Oct 10;50(1):78.
    PMID: 31601266 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0698-z
    Veterinary vaccines need to have desired characteristics, such as being effective, inexpensive, easy to administer, suitable for mass vaccination and stable under field conditions. DNA vaccines have been proposed as potential solutions for poultry diseases since they are subunit vaccines with no risk of infection or reversion to virulence. DNA vaccines can be utilized for simultaneous immunizations against multiple pathogens and are relatively easy to design and inexpensive to manufacture and store. Administration of DNA vaccines has been shown to stimulate immune responses and provide protection from challenges in different animal models. Although DNA vaccines offer advantages, setbacks including the inability to induce strong immunity, and the fact that they are not currently applicable for mass vaccination impede the use of DNA vaccines in the poultry industry. The use of either biological or physical carriers has been proposed as a solution to overcome the current delivery limitations of DNA vaccines for veterinary applications. This review presents an overview of the recent development of carriers for delivery of veterinary DNA vaccines against avian pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization
  15. Fulltext A training module to empower marginalised Northern Borneo islanders for tuberculosis control
    Jeffree MS, Ahmedy F, Ibrahim MY, Awang Lukman K, Ahmed K, Giloi N, et al.
    J Public Health Res, 2020 Jul 28;9(3):1757.
    PMID: 33117755 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1757
    Empowering marginalised urban islanders with limited health accessibility through knowledge transfer program for controlling pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) requires a specific training module. The study was aimed to develop this training module by adapting and modifying the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) framework. Structuring the content for the knowledge and skills for PTB control in the module was based on the National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Control 2016-2020. A total of five knowledge and skills were structured: i) PTB disease and diagnosis, ii) PTB treatment, iii) preventive PTB measures, iv) prevention of malnutrition, and v) psychosocial discrimination. The IMCI framework was modified through 3 ways: i) identifying signs and symptoms of PTB, ii) emphasising the IMCI's 5 steps of integrated management: assess, diagnose, treat, counsel and detect, and iii) counseling on BCG immunisation, malnutrition, environmental modifications and stigma on PTB.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization
  16. Fulltext Human papillomavirus infection and its vaccines: knowledge and attitudes of primary health clinic nurses in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Jeyachelvi K, Juwita S, Norwati D
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(8):3983-8.
    PMID: 27644649
    BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer though preventable is still the leading cause of cancer death among women secondary to breast cancer. Persistent infection with HPV has been causally linked to the disease. A school based HPV vaccination program was introduced in late 2010 in Malaysia and nurse support is essential for its success.
    OBJECTIVES: To determine nurses knowledge and attitudes about HPV infection and its vaccines, and factors associated with their knowledge.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working at primary health clinics in Kelantan from mid-June till the end of July 2014. Its involved 330 nurses selected through multistage random sampling. A validated self-administered questionnaire consisting of 11 items for the knowledge domain and eight items for the attitude domain was used.
    RESULTS: The response rate of the study was 93.7%. The mean knowledge and mean attitude (SD) scores were 5.37 (1.76) and 29.8 (3.51) respectively. Only 24% knew that HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection and 67% correctly answered that Gardasil vaccine can protect against four types of HPV. Nearly 60% of participants wrongly answered that HPV vaccines cannot be offered to sexually active women. Likewise, 70.9% participants were not aware that HPV vaccine may be appropriate for females aged 9 through 26 years. Though 90% of participants believed that the vaccine is safe, nearly half of them were unsure about efficacy. From multiple linear regression analysis, among the factors tested only participant's level of education showed a statistically significant association with the HPV knowledge score (<0.001).
    CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates nurses have favorable attitudes towards HPV vaccination; however they have significant knowledge deficit and major misunderstanding in critical knowledge items. Among the factors tested, nursing qualification is the only factor that is significantly associated with the nurses knowledge score.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization Programs/methods
  17. Fulltext Polio Supplementary Immunization Activities During COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from Penampang District, Sabah, Malaysia
    Jiee SF, Bondi ME, Emiral ME, Jantim A
    J Prim Care Community Health, 2021;12:21501327211029800.
    PMID: 34218701 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211029800
    BACKGROUND: Polio Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) were carried out in the State of Sabah in response to the Vaccine Derived Poliovirus outbreak declared in December 2019. Prior to this, Malaysia had been polio-free over the past 27 years. This paper reported on the successful implementation of SIAs in the district of Penampang, Sabah, adapting (vaccine administration) to the COVID-19 pandemic.

    METHODS: A series of meticulous planning, healthcare staff training, advocacy, and community engagement activities were conducted by the Penampang District Health Office. Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine (bOPV) and monovalent Oral Polio Vaccine were administered over the period of 1 year via these methods: house to house, drive-through, static, and mobile posts. The targeted group was 22 096 children aged 13 years and below.

    RESULTS: Polio SIAs in Penampang managed to achieve more than 90% coverage for both bOPV and mOPV. The overall vaccine wastage was reported to be 1.63%. No major adverse reaction was reported.

    CONCLUSION: High vaccine uptake during Polio SIAs in Penampang was attributed to good inter-agency collaboration, community engagement, intensified health promotion activities, and drive-through vaccination campaign.

    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization
  18. Protective effect of curcumin on experimentally induced arthritic rats: detailed histopathological study of the joints and white blood cell count
    Kamarudin TA, Othman F, Mohd Ramli ES, Md Isa N, Das S
    EXCLI J, 2012;11:226-36.
    PMID: 27366139
    Curcuma longa (turmeric) rhizomes contains curcumin, an active compound which possesses anti-inflammatory effects. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an accepted experimental animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. The present study aimed to observe the histological changes in the joints of experimental arthritic rats treated with curcumin. Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley (approximately 7 weeks-old) rats were randomly divided into four groups. Three groups were immunized with 150 µg collagen. All rats with established CIA, with arthritis scores exceeding 1, were orally treated with betamethasone (0.5 mg/ml/kg body weight), curcumin (110 mg/ml/kg body weight) or olive oil (1.0 ml/kg body weight) daily, for two weeks. One remaining group was kept as normal control. Treatment with 110 mg/ml/kg curcumin showed significant mean differences in the average white blood cell (WBC) count (p<0.05), cell infiltration, bone and cartilage erosion scores (p<0.05) compared to the olive oil treated group. Pannus formation scores showed that curcumin supplementation successfully suppressed the pannus formation process that occurred in the articular cartilage of the CIA joints. The mean difference for histological scores for the curcumin group was insignificant compared to the betamethasone treated group. It is concluded that supplementation of curcumin has protective effect on the histopathological and degenerative changes in the joints of CIA rats which was at par with betamethasone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization
  19. The ABA392/pET30a protein of Pasteurella multocida provoked mucosal immunity against HS disease in a rat model
    Kang TL, Velappan RD, Kabir N, Mohamad J, Rashid NN, Ismail S
    Microb Pathog, 2019 Mar;128:90-96.
    PMID: 30584901 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.042
    Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is a well-known high fatality septicaemic disease happening among bovines. The disease is caused by the Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 bacteria. P. multocida B:2 has high mortality and morbidity rates and is spread through the intranasal and oral routes in bovines. In this study, our aim was to investigate the efficacy of the recombinant protein vaccine, ABA392/pET30a via intranasal inoculation by targeting the mucosal immunity. The constructed recombinant protein vaccine ABA392/pET30a was subjected to an animal study using Sprague Dawley rats. The study was divided into two parts: active and passive immunization studies. Both studies were carried out through the determination of immunogenicity (using Total White Blood Cell (TWBC) Count with Indirect ELISA) and histopathogenicity, analyzing (Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT) formation) in lungs. As a result, the IgA and IgG development of both tested groups: group 1 (50μg/mL protein vaccine) and group 2 (100μg/mL protein vaccine) showed equivalent with the positive control group 4 (formalin-killed P. multocida B:2). However, there was a significant difference when compared with the negative control group 3 (normal saline). These results demonstrate that both the protein vaccine at the concentration 50μg/mL and 100μg/mL have the same efficacy as the commercially available positive control vaccine. From the studies, higher concentration of protein vaccine at 100μg/mL showed higher development of both IgA and IgG compared to 50μg/mL protein vaccine. Higher and rapid development of IgA compared to IgG showed that mucosal immunity has been induced through the intranasal administration of the protein vaccine. In addition, leucocytosis was observed at each dose of vaccination showed that the protein vaccine is capable to induce the immune responses of the host. Histopathogenicity studies of the vaccinated groups showed more BALT formation and no severe lesions after challenge compared to the negative control group. Besides, no inflammatory onsite or anaphylactic responses were observed after the intranasal inoculation which proved to be safer and provided longer lasting immunity. Therefore, recombinant protein vaccine ABA392/pET30a could be a potential candidate for intranasal administration which can provoke mucosal immunity against HS disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization, Passive
  20. Intranasal inoculation of recombinant DNA vaccine ABA392 against haemorrhagic septicaemia disease
    Kang TL, Chelliah S, Velappan RD, Kabir N, Mohamad J, Nor Rashid N, et al.
    Lett Appl Microbiol, 2019 Nov;69(5):366-372.
    PMID: 31508837 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13215
    We evaluate the efficacy of recombinant DNA vaccine ABA392 against haemorrhagic septicaemia infection through intranasal administration route by targeting the mucosal immunity. The DNA vaccine was constructed and subjected to animal study using the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat. The study was divided into two major parts: (i) active and (ii) passive immunization studies, involving 30 animals for each part. Each group was then divided into five test groups: two test samples G1 and G2 with 50 and 100 µg ml-1 purified DNA vaccine; one positive control G5 with 106  CFU per ml formalin-killed PMB2; and two negative controls, G3 and G4 with normal saline and pVAX1 vector. Both studies were conducted for the determination of immunogenicity by total white blood cell count (TWBC), indirect ELISA and histopathological changes for the presence of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Our findings demonstrate that TWBC, IgA and IgG increased after each of the three vaccination regimes: groups G1, G2 and G5. Test samples G1 and G2 showed significant differences (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunization, Passive
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