MyMedR

Fulltext A decade of Japanese encephalitis surveillance in Sarawak, Malaysia: 1997-2006

Wong SC, Ooi MH, Abdullah AR, Wong SY, Krishnan S, Tio PH, et al.

Trop Med Int Health, 2008 Jan;13(1):52-5.

PMID: 18291002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01967.x

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important encephalitis virus in Asia, but there are few data on Malaysia. A hospital-based surveillance system for Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been in operation in Sarawak, Malaysia, for the last 10 years. JEV is endemic in Sarawak, with cases occurring throughout the year and a seasonal peak in the last quarter (one-way anova, P < 0.0001). Ninety-two per cent of 133 cases were children aged 12 years or younger; the introduction of JE vaccination in July 2001 reduced the number of JE cases (84 in the four seasons prior to vs. 49 in the six seasons after, McNemar's test, P = 0.0001). After implementation of the programme, the mean age of infected children increased from 6.3 to 8.0 years (Student's t-test, P = 0.0037), suggesting the need for a catch-up programme.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant

A foetus in the abdomen of a boy

Lal M

Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):307-10.

PMID: 4261309

Matched MeSH terms: Infant

Fulltext A four year review of acute viral hepatitis cases in the east coast of peninsular Malaysia (1994-1997)

Saat Z, Sinniah M, Kin TL, Baharuddin R, Krishnasamy M

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1999 Mar;30(1):106-9.

PMID: 10695797

A total of 1,157 sera from jaundiced patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of liver disease received from government hospital in Kelantan and Terengganu, during the period from 1994 to 1997, were investigated to determine the cause. Hepatitis A virus was found to be the main cause in 26.1% (24/92) of symptomatic clinical hepatitis cases in 1994, 47.8% (63/132) in 1995, 66.4% (613/923) in 1996 and 20% (2/10) in 1997. Sera received in 1996 were also tested for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D and hepatitis E. 1.4% (13/923) anti-bodies were found to be positive for HBc IgM indicating recent HBV infection, 5.4% (50/923) for total HCV Ab, 0.9% (8/923) for total HDV Ab and 0.4% (4/923) for anti-HEV IgM. This study shows that HAV is still a major problem in Kelantan and Terengganu, and there is a need to identify effective strategies for prevention and control in these two states.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant

A hazard rate analysis of fertility using duration data from Malaysia

Chang C

Res Popul Econ, 1988;6:137-59.

PMID: 12280927

Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*

A holistic (Horney) approach to the psychoses: the schizophrenias. I. Sociocultural, developmental and psychogenetic factors

Rubins JL

Am J Psychoanal, 1969;29(2):131-46.

PMID: 4900056

Matched MeSH terms: Infant

A hospital-based surveillance for Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia

Kari K, Liu W, Gautama K, Mammen MP, Clemens JD, Nisalak A, et al.

BMC Med, 2006;4:8.

PMID: 16603053

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is presumed to be endemic throughout Asia, yet only a few cases have been reported in tropical Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. To estimate the true disease burden due to JE in this region, we conducted a prospective, hospital-based surveillance with a catchment population of 599,120 children less than 12 years of age in Bali, Indonesia, from July 2001 through December 2003.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext A laboratory study of fluoride concentration in infant formulas marketed in Malaysia and estimation of daily intake

Mohd Desa, S. N. F., Muhamad, N. A., Mohd Nor, N. A., Abdul Razak, F., Abdul Manan, N. S., Abdul Manan, N. S., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(5):893-902.

MyJurnal

The window of maximum susceptibility for the development of dental fluorosis for anterior
teeth is during the first two to three years of life. The primary source of fluoride intake for
infants at this age is mainly from the diet including infant formula. Thus, the present work
aimed to investigate the fluoride concentration in commercially available Malaysian infant
formulas that required reconstitution before consumption. A total of 29 infant formulas available in the Malaysian market were reconstituted with deionised water, fluoridated tap water,
and filtered tap water. The fluoride concentration of the infant formulas was analysed directly
using a fluoride ion selective electrode. The daily fluoride intake estimation from the infant
formulas was calculated using the median infant body weight and recommended volumes for
formula consumption from newborn to > 12 months of age. Results showed that the fluoride
concentration of the infant formulas when reconstituted with deionised water ranged between
0.009 to 0.197 mg/L that contributed to the estimated daily fluoride intake ranging from 0.005
to 0.100 mg (total intake per day) or 0.001 to 0.025 mg/kg (total intake per body weight/day).
The fluoride concentration in the selected infant formulas was low, but after reconstitution
with fluoridated tap water, the overall fluoride concentration in infant formulas sample significantly increased (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the estimated daily fluoride intake from infant
formulas alone did not exceed the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of fluoride
at 0.10 mg/kg/day.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant Formula

Fulltext A large left ventricular tumour presenting with arrhythmias in a 2-month-old infant

Wan Adlina Wan Yusuf, Amelia Alias, Wan Hanifah Wan Hussin1, Mohd Nasir Abdul Kadir, Abdul Rahim Wong

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018;24(2):1-5.

MyJurnal

Primary cardiac tumours (PCT) are rare in the paediatric population. They can present in a variety of ways – from being asymptomatic, obstructive with heart failure, strokes, arrhythmias or sudden death. We present a 2-month-old child who was admitted because of heart failure from varying types of arrhythmias and was found on echocardiography to have a large left ventricular tumour. A high clinical suspicion in any infant or child who presents with an unexplained heart murmur, arrhythmias or congestive heart failure should prompt relevant investigations ruling out this entity.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant

A longitudinal study of malaria antibodies in a Malaysian population. I. Group responses

Mathews HM, Dondero TJ

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1982 Jan;31(1):14-8.

PMID: 7036766

The indirect hemagglutination test was used to measure malaria antibody levels in residents of an endemic area of Malaysia. Blood specimens were collected at 4-week intervals for a year. Seropositivity rates increased with age and number of episodes of malaria in young children. Although antibody levels were variable, titers tended to rise with parasitemia and fall in the absence of detected parasites. In general, the serologic indices tended to reflect the parasitologic findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant

A longitudinal study of malaria antibodies in a Malaysian population. II. Follow-up of individuals

Mathews HM, Dondero TJ

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1982 Jan;31(1):19-23.

PMID: 7036769

A cohort of 62 persons living in a malaria-endemic area was examined by serology and by blood film 14 times over a 56-week period. Serologic responses (indirect hemagglutination test) of the group as a whole reflected the malaria transmission as determined by blood slide examination. The serologic responses of individuals showed titer changes that were not always consistent with blood slide results. The use of chloroquine may have modified the host's immune response.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant

Fulltext A medication-estimated health status measure for predicting primary care visits: the Long-Term Therapeutic Groups Index

Dhabali AA, Awang R

Health Policy Plan, 2010 Mar;25(2):162-9.

PMID: 19923207 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czp051

BACKGROUND: Managed care is one of the means advocated for health care reforms. The Malaysian government has proposed managed care for its citizens. In the Malaysian private health care sector, managed care is practised on a small scale with crude risk adjustment. The main determinant of an individual's health service utilization is their health status (HS). HS is used as a risk adjuster for capitation payment. Prescribed medications represent a useful source for HS estimation. We aimed to develop and validate a medication-based HS estimate and to incorporate it in the Andersen model of health service utilization. This is a preparatory step in studying the feasibility of developing a model for risk assessment in the Malaysian context.
METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from an academic year from computerized databases in University Sains Malaysia (USM) about users of USM primary care services. A user is a USM health scheme beneficiary who made at least one visit in the academic year to USM-assigned primary care providers. Socio-demographic variables, enrolment period, medications prescribed and number of visits were also collected. Chronic illness medications and some non-chronic illness medications were used to calculate the Long-Term Therapeutic Groups Index (LTTGI) which is an estimate of the HS of users. Using a random 50% of users, weighted least square methods were used to develop a model that predicts a user's number of visits. The other 50% were used for validation.
RESULTS: Socio-demographic variables explained 15% of variability in number of primary care visits among users. Adding the LTTGI improved the explanatory power of the model to 36% (P < 0.001). A similar contribution of the LTTGI was noted in the validation.
CONCLUSIONS: The Long-Term Therapeutic Groups Index was successfully developed. Variability in number of primary care visits can be predicted by LTTGI-based models.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

A method of illustrating health statistics in peninsular Malaysia

Lau L

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):234-8.

PMID: 4279021

Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality

A missed bilateral choanal atresia

Irfan M, Suzina SA

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2010 Jan;39(1):72.

PMID: 20126823

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext A modified method of traction for young children with congenital dislocation of the hip as a preliminary to reduction

Pan KL, Rasit H

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:47-8.

PMID: 15941161

Many authors agree that preliminary traction prior to closed or open reduction for congenital dislocation of the hip is helpful. Different ways of traction have been used and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the problems in the very young child is the difficulty in maintaining a suitable traction that is biomechanically effective. We found that using a rocker bed made the traction more "user friendly" for the child, the parent and the doctors.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant

A molecular epidemiologic study of thalassemia using newborns' cord blood in a multiracial Asian population in Singapore: results and recommendations for a population screening program

Kham SK, Yin SK, Quah TC, Loong AM, Tan PL, Fraser A, et al.

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 2004 Dec;26(12):817-9.

PMID: 15591902

DNA technology provides a new avenue to perform neonatal screening tests for single-gene diseases in populations of high frequency. Thalassemia is one of the high-frequency single-gene disorders affecting Singapore and many countries in the malaria belt. The authors explored the feasibility of using PCR-based diagnostic screening on 1,116 unselected sequential cord blood samples for neonatal screening. The cord blood samples were screened for the most common reported alpha- and beta-thalassemia mutations in each ethnic group (Chinese, Malays, and Indians) in a multiracial population. The carrier frequency for alpha-thalassemia mutations was about 6.4% in the Chinese (alpha deletions = 3.9%, alpha deletions = 2.5%), 4.8% in Malays, and 5.2% in Indians. Only alpha deletions were observed in the Chinese. The carrier frequency for beta-thalassemia mutations was 2.7% in the Chinese, 6.3% in Malays, and 0.7% in Indians. Extrapolating to the population distribution of Singapore, the authors found a higher overall expected carrier frequency for alpha- and beta-thalassemia mutations of 9% compared with a previous population study of 6% by phenotype. The highly accurate results make this molecular epidemiologic screening an ideal method to screen for and prevent severe thalassemia in high-risk populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

A molecular marker associated with mild hemoglobin H disease

George E, Ferguson V, Yakas J, Kronenberg H, Trent RJ

Pathology, 1989 Jan;21(1):27-30.

PMID: 2762043

The clinical spectrum of HbH disease varies from a benign disorder to a severe anemia which is blood-transfusion dependent. Heterogeneity at the clinical level is now being understood in terms of the underlying molecular defects. In this study a mild phenotype found in a group of patients with HbH disease is associated with two types of alpha-thalassemia. These are: alpha+-thalassemia (-alpha 3.7/) and alpha 0-thalassemia (--SEA/). In contrast, a second group with more severe HbH disease has a non-deletional alpha-thalassemia defect instead of alpha+-thalassemia (genotype alpha alpha T/--SEA). In the majority of cases, the basis for non-deletional alpha-thalassemia is Hb Constant Spring.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant

A multicenter point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections in Pakistan: Findings and implications

Saleem Z, Hassali MA, Godman B, Hashmi FK, Saleem F

Am J Infect Control, 2019 04;47(4):421-424.

PMID: 30471976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.09.025

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are seen as a global public health threat, leading to increased mortality and morbidity as well as costs. However, little is currently known about the prevalence of HAIs in Pakistan. Consequently, this multicenter prevalence survey of HAIs was conducted to assess the prevalence of HAIs in Pakistan.

METHODS: We used the methodology employed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to assess the prevalence of HAIs in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Data were collected from 13 hospitals using a structured data collection tool.

RESULTS: Out of 1,553 hospitalized patients, 130 (8.4%) had symptoms of HAIs. The most common HAI was surgical site infection (40.0%), followed by bloodstream infection (21.5%), and lower respiratory tract infection (14.6%). The prevalence of HAI was higher in private sector hospitals (25.0%) and among neonates (23.8%) and patients admitted to intensive care units (33.3%). Patients without HAIs were admitted mainly to public sector hospitals and adult medical and surgical wards.

CONCLUSIONS: The study found a high rate of HAIs among hospitals in Pakistan, especially surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, and lower respiratory tract infections. This needs to be addressed to reduce morbidity, mortality, and costs in the future, and further research is planned.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

A national study of risk factors associated with mortality in very low birthweight infants in the Malaysian neonatal intensive care units. Malaysian Very Low Birth Weight Study Group

J Paediatr Child Health, 1997 Feb;33(1):18-25.

PMID: 9069039

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors associated with mortality in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NIUC) in Malaysia.

METHOD: A prospective observational study of outcome of all VLBW infants born between 1 January 1993 and 30 June 1993 and admitted to the NICU.

RESULTS: Data of 868 VLBW neonates from 18 centres in Malaysia were collected. Their mean birthweight was 1223 g (95% confidence intervals: 1208-1238 g). Thirty-seven point four per cent (325/868) of these infants died before discharge. After exclusion of all infants with congenital anomalies (n = 66, and nine of them also had incomplete records) and incomplete records (n = 82), stepwise logistic regression analysis of the remaining 720 infants showed that the risk factors that were significantly associated with increased mortality before discharge were: delivery in district hospitals, Chinese race, lower birthweight, lower gestation age, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, pulmonary airleak, necrotizing enterocolitis of stage 2 or 3, confirmed sepsis, hypotension, hypothermia, acute renal failure, intermittent positive pressure ventilation, and umbilical arterial catheterization. Factors that were significantly associated with lower risk of mortality were: use of antenatal steroid, oxygen therapy, surfactant therapy and blood transfusion.

CONCLUSION: The mortality of VLBW infants admitted to the Malaysian NICU was high and was also associated with a number of preventable risk factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight*

Fulltext A neonate with bilateral refractory chylothorax--a case report

Salem P

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Dec;46(4):376-8.

PMID: 1840449

A thirty six week gestation male baby weighing three kilogram was born to a twenty five year old mother by spontaneous vaginal delivery. At four hours of life, the baby developed respiratory distress with cyanosis and was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. There was clinical and radiological evidence of bilateral pleural effusion. Thoracentesis revealed a transudate. Repeated thoracentesis was necessary to relieve the respiratory distress. Subsequently, multi resistant Klebsiella aerogenes was isolated from the blood. The baby expired due to gram negative sepsis.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

Fulltext A neonate with ectodermal dysplasia ectrodactyly clefting syndrome and ventricular septal defect

Ram SP, Noor AR, Ariffin WA, Ariffin NA

Singapore Med J, 1994 Apr;35(2):205-7.

PMID: 7939823

A 37-week gestation male boy was born to a gravida seven para six mother by spontaneous vertex delivery at home. The baby cried at birth. On day 3 of life, he was admitted for respiratory distress. Physical examination revealed ectrodactyly, thin dry skin, anomalous tear duct with cardiomegaly. X-ray revealed absent radii, cardiomegaly and hemivertebra at L1. Echocardiogram revealed perimembranous type of ventricular septal defect. A diagnosis of Ectodermal Dysplasia Ectrodactyly Clefting Syndrome with ventricular septal defect was made. He was managed conservatively in the nursery. However, he expired on day 27 of life following short spell of fever apnoeic episode due to neonatal sepsis.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

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