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Lactobacillus fermentum LAB 9-fermented soymilk with enriched isoflavones and antioxidants improved memory in vivo

Mohamad Fakri E, Lim S, Musa N, Hazizul Hasan M, Adam A, Ramasamy K

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1289-1297.

This study examined lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented soymilk for their ability in hydrolyzing glucosides to aglycones
and corresponding antioxidant capacity and memory enhancing effect. Twelve LAB isolated from Malaysian fermented food
and milk products were incubated in commercially available soymilk for 48 h. Generally, soymilk supported LAB growth
and significantly increased (p<0.05) conversion to bioactive aglycone by 2.1-6.5 fold when compared to unfermented
soymilk. Lactobacillus fermentum LAB 9- fermented soymilk, in particular, was presented with increased total phenolic
content (+10%) as opposed to unfermented soymilk. Lactobacilli (LAB 10-12)- and pediococci (LAB 5)-fermented soymilk
elicited maximal DPPH radical-scavenging activity. LAB 1, 7, 8, 9 and 12 exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) ferrous
ion chelating activity when compared to control. Interestingly, LAB 9 had significantly improved memory deficit (p<0.05)
in LPS-challenged mice. LAB-enriched nutritional value of soymilk could be useful against oxidative stress and memory
deficit.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk; Soy Milk
Lactobacilli-fermented cow's milk attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and memory impairment in vitro and in vivo

Musa NH, Mani V, Lim SM, Vidyadaran S, Abdul Majeed AB, Ramasamy K

J Dairy Res, 2017 Nov;84(4):488-495.
PMID: 29154736 DOI: 10.1017/S0022029917000620

Nutritional interventions are now recommended as strategies to delay Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effect (anti-inflammation) of lactic acid bacteria (either Lactobacillus fermentum LAB9 or L. casei LABPC) fermented cow's milk (CM) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial BV2 cells in vitro. The ability of CM-LAB in attenuating memory deficit in LPS-induced mice was also investigated. ICR mice were orally administered with CM-LAB for 28 d before induction of neuroinflammation by LPS. Learning and memory behaviour were assessed using the Morris Water Maze Test. Brain tissues were homogenised for measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidative, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and nitrosative stress (NO) parameters. Serum was collected for cytokine analysis. CM-LAB9 and CM-LABPC significantly (P < 0·05) decreased NO level but did not affect CD40 expression in vitro. CM-LAB attenuated LPS-induced memory deficit in mice. This was accompanied by significant (P < 0·05) increment of antioxidants (SOD, GSH, GPx) and reduction of MDA, AChE and also pro-inflammatory cytokines. Unfermented cow's milk (UCM) yielded greater cytokine lowering effect than CM-LAB. The present findings suggest that attenuation of LPS-induced neuroinflamation and memory deficit by CM-LAB could be mediated via anti-inflammation through inhibition of AChE and antioxidative activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk/metabolism*; Milk/microbiology
The hospital factor on breast feeding failure

Rajakumar MK

Family Practitioner, 1977;2:67-68.

Preliminary findings of a survey on the influences of institutional facilities on mothers in the post-partum period in hospital that affect breast-feeding were reported. It was observed that although advice on breast-feeding is now given, there is a conflict between advice and practice so that the advice has been ritualistic. There is a lack of follow-up on advice, and the mother is not helped and encouraged to breast-feed and to overcome her initial disappointment and difficulties. It was also pointed out that the artificial milk-food industry exercises a negative influence through maternity ward staff by provision of milk samples to maternity units and by visits of their sales staff to the mothers. It was emphasised that the hospital factor could be an important cause of failure of the mother to breast-feed.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Galactorrhoea in a male schizophrenic patient: a case report

Muhammad Chanchal Azad, Raihana Musawwir

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015;9(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Galactorrhoea is non-lactational milk production and it may or may not be associated with prolactinemia1. It causes embarrassment and distress to a schizophrenic patient, especially, if the patient is male. One study in Germany reported that incidence and prevalence of galactorrhoea in schizophrenia are 14% and 19%, respectively2. Although galactorrhoea is not rare in schizophrenic patients, managing and understanding the a etiology can be problematic. In psychiatric patients, antipsychotics can be a cause but other causes need to be ruled out. Galactorrhoea also needs to be differentiated from pathologic nipple discharge which can be due to breast tumours. Usually, galactorrhoea is bilateral, multiductal, and milky, but discharge can be yellow, green or brown3. This case report describes a 32-year old patient with schizophrenia who visited a government psychiatric hospital in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. This report highlights the clinical challenges to determine the aetiology of galactorrhoea and to manage it in schizophrenics. It raises the following clinical questions: Why a psychiatric patient develops galactorrhoea? How a schizophrenic patient presents with galactorrhoea? What hormonal imbalances are associated with this psychiatric disorder? How should a doctor handle a schizophrenic patient complaining of galactorrhoea? What is the danger of having galactorrhoea in a male?

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Absorption of calcium from milk and tempeh consumed by postmenopausal Malay women using the dual stable isotope technique

Haron H, Shahar S, O'Brien KO, Ismail A, Kamaruddin N, Rahman SA

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2010 Mar;61(2):125-37.
PMID: 19995131 DOI: 10.3109/09637480903348080

Assessment of calcium bioavailability from non-dairy foods containing moderate amounts of calcium is especially important in populations that have habitually low dairy consumption. Absorption of calcium from milk and tempeh (a traditional fermented soy product) was compared in a sample of Malay subjects. A randomized, crossover design was utilized to assess calcium absorption in 20 postmenopausal women from either a glass of milk (114 g) or from a meal of tempeh (206 g); each containing 130 mg calcium. At each study of Phase 1 (mid-July) and Phase 2 (mid-August), intravenous (42)Ca and oral (44)Ca were administered and calcium absorption was measured in 24-h urine collections post-dosing; with a 1-month washout period between phases. Absorption of calcium from tempeh did not differ significantly from milk (36.9 +/- 10.6% vs. 34.3 +/- 8.6%, respectively). Due to differences in the calcium content of tempeh, four servings of this product would be needed to get the same amount of absorbed calcium as that obtained from a 4-ounce glass of milk. Tempeh may provide readily available calcium for this population of women at risk for low bone mass.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk/metabolism*
Fulltext Nonlinear Model-Based Inferential Control of Moisture Content of Spray Dried Coconut Milk

Abdullah Z, Taip FS, Kamal SMM, Rahman RZA

Foods, 2020 Aug 26;9(9).
PMID: 32858797 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091177

The moisture content of a powder is a parameter crucial to be controlled in order to produce stable products with a long shelf life. Inferential control is the best solution to control the moisture content due to difficulty in measuring this variable online. In this study, fundamental and empirical approaches were used in designing the nonlinear model-based inferential control of moisture content of coconut milk powder that was produced from co-current spray dryer. A one-dimensional model with integration of reaction engineering approach (REA) model was used to represent the dynamic of the spray drying process. The empirical approach, i.e., nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) and neural network, was used to allow fast and accurate prediction of output response in inferential control. Minimal offset (<0.0003 kg/kg) of the responses at various set points indicate high accuracy of the neural network estimator. The nonlinear model-based inferential control was able to provide stable control response at wider process operating conditions and acceptable disturbance rejection. Nevertheless, the performance of the controller depends on the tuning rules used.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
A comprehensive study on antidiabetic and antibacterial activities of ZnO nanoparticles biosynthesized using Silybum marianum L seed extract

Mohammadi Arvanag F, Bayrami A, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Rahim Pouran S

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2019 Apr;97:397-405.
PMID: 30678925 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.058

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using the plants' extract and their potential application have driven a tremendous interest in recent years. This study reports a green microwave-assisted method for synthesis of ZnO NPs using Silybum marianum L. seed extract. Characteristics of the as-prepared sample was explored in terms of crystalline phase, morphology, composition, surface area, optical, and thermal properties. The particles of the biosynthesized sample (ZnO/extract) had smaller sizes than the chemically produced one (ZnO). The existence of biomolecules from Silybum marianum L seed extract linked to the ZnO/extract sample was approved by various analyses. The ZnO/extract sample was used for treating alloxan-induced diabetic rats and its efficiency was compared with ZnO, extract, and insulin treatments. For this purpose, the levels of blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein were measured before and after treating with the studied treatment agents and compared with each other. Moreover, the antibacterial activities of both ZnO samples were investigated against E. coli to assess their potential antibacterial application. From the results, ZnO/extract NPs represented an outstanding performance in overcoming the diabetic disorders and good antibacterial activity against the studied bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk Thistle/chemistry
Fulltext Lactococcus lactis M4, a potential host for the expression of heterologous proteins

Noreen N, Hooi WY, Baradaran A, Rosfarizan M, Sieo CC, Rosli MI, et al.

Microb Cell Fact, 2011;10:28.
PMID: 21518457 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-28

Many plasmid-harbouring strains of Lactococcus lactis have been isolated from milk and other sources. Plasmids of Lactococcus have been shown to harbour antibiotic resistance genes and those that express some important proteins. The generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status of L. lactis also makes it an attractive host for the production of proteins that are beneficial in numerous applications such as the production of biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical. In the present work, strains of L. lactis were isolated from cow's milk, plasmids were isolated and characterised and one of the strains was identified as a potential new lactococcal host for the expression of heterologous proteins.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk/microbiology
Frequency, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria spp. isolated from bovine clinical mastitis

Jamali H, Radmehr B

Vet J, 2013 Nov;198(2):541-2.
PMID: 23880504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.06.012

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria spp. isolated from bovine clinical mastitis in Iran. Listeria spp. were detected in 21/207 bovine mastitic milk samples from dairy farms in Iran, comprising L. monocytogenes (n=17), L. innocua (n=3) and L. ivanovii (n=1). L. monocytogenes isolates were grouped into serogroups '4b, 4d, 4e', '1/2a, 3a', '1/2b, 3b, 7' and '1/2c, 3c'; all harboured inlA, inlC and inlJ virulence genes. Listeria spp. were most frequently resistant to penicillin G (14/21 isolates, 66.7%) and tetracyclines (11/21 isolates, 52.4%).

Matched MeSH terms: Milk/microbiology
Effect of orally administered soy milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 and physical exercise on murine immune responses

Appukutty M, Ramasamy K, Rajan S, Vellasamy S, Ramasamy R, Radhakrishnan AK

Benef Microbes, 2015;6(4):491-6.
PMID: 25691103 DOI: 10.3920/BM2014.0129

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits through the gastrointestinal microbiota. This nutritional supplement may benefit athletes who undergo rigorous training by maintaining their gastrointestinal functions and overall health. In this study the influence of moderate physical exercise using a graded treadmill exercise, alone or in combination with the consumption of a soy product fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 (LAB12), on tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) responses was investigated in a murine model. Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups of six mice each (control, exercise alone, LAB12 and LAB12 + exercise). Mice treated with the potential probiotic LAB12 were orally gavaged for 42 days. At autopsy, blood and spleen from the animals were collected. The splenocytes were cultured in the presence of a mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A). The amount of TNF-α produced by the Con A-stimulated splenocytes was quantified using ELISA, while their proliferation was determined using the [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation method. This study shows that LAB12-supplemented and exercise-induced mice showed marked increase (P<0.05) in cell proliferation compared to the control animals. TNF-α production was suppressed (P<0.05) in the LAB12 group compared to the untreated mice. These results demonstrate that supplementation with LAB12 has immunomodulatory effects, under conditions of moderate physical exercise, which may have implications for human athletes. Further investigation in human trials is warranted to confirm and extrapolate these findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Soy Milk/administration & dosage*
Fulltext Proximate analysis, mineral content and antioxidant capacity of milk apple, malay apple and water apple

Lim, A.S.L., Rabeta, M.S.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):673-679.
MyJurnal

The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant capacity of underutilized fruits in Malaysia namely Milk apple (Syzygium malaccense), Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. and Perry), and Water apple (Syzygium aqueum). Synthetic antioxidants (BHA and BHT) commonly used in the food industries may not be as safe as it was presumed earlier. As BHA and BHT may be carcinogenic, it is important to look for new sources of natural antioxidants from fruits and vegetables. Freeze dried samples extracted with acetone and water were measured by ferric 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Acetone extract (50%) showed higher values for both DPPH and FRAP assays compared with water extract. Milk apple has the highest DPPH value of 95.26% inhibition of DPPH. Milk apple also showed the highest FRAP value with 8722.22 µM of Fe (II) per gram of freeze dried sample. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the types of extraction used. Antioxidant capacities of the samples are in the following order: Milk apple > Malay apple > Water apple. Proximate compositions and mineral contents of the samples were determined too. The samples can be used as a source of natural antioxidants.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy (CMPSE): an important cause of protracted diarrhoea in infancy

Iyngkaran N, Robinson MJ, Davis KA, Sumithran E, Kumar MV, Ong TH, et al.

Aust Paediatr J, 1979 Dec;15(4):266-70.
PMID: 546392
Matched MeSH terms: Milk Proteins/adverse effects*
Association of dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study

Dehghan M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, Sheridan P, Mohan V, Iqbal R, et al.

Lancet, 2018 11 24;392(10161):2288-2297.
PMID: 30217460 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31812-9

BACKGROUND: Dietary guidelines recommend minimising consumption of whole-fat dairy products, as they are a source of saturated fats and presumed to adversely affect blood lipids and increase cardiovascular disease and mortality. Evidence for this contention is sparse and few data for the effects of dairy consumption on health are available from low-income and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations between total dairy and specific types of dairy products with mortality and major cardiovascular disease.
METHODS: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a large multinational cohort study of individuals aged 35-70 years enrolled from 21 countries in five continents. Dietary intakes of dairy products for 136 384 individuals were recorded using country-specific validated food frequency questionnaires. Dairy products comprised milk, yoghurt, and cheese. We further grouped these foods into whole-fat and low-fat dairy. The primary outcome was the composite of mortality or major cardiovascular events (defined as death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using multivariable Cox frailty models with random intercepts to account for clustering of participants by centre.
FINDINGS: Between Jan 1, 2003, and July 14, 2018, we recorded 10 567 composite events (deaths [n=6796] or major cardiovascular events [n=5855]) during the 9·1 years of follow-up. Higher intake of total dairy (>2 servings per day compared with no intake) was associated with a lower risk of the composite outcome (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·75-0·94; ptrend=0·0004), total mortality (0·83, 0·72-0·96; ptrend=0·0052), non-cardiovascular mortality (0·86, 0·72-1·02; ptrend=0·046), cardiovascular mortality (0·77, 0·58-1·01; ptrend=0·029), major cardiovascular disease (0·78, 0·67-0·90; ptrend=0·0001), and stroke (0·66, 0·53-0·82; ptrend=0·0003). No significant association with myocardial infarction was observed (HR 0·89, 95% CI 0·71-1·11; ptrend=0·163). Higher intake (>1 serving vs no intake) of milk (HR 0·90, 95% CI 0·82-0·99; ptrend=0·0529) and yogurt (0·86, 0·75-0·99; ptrend=0·0051) was associated with lower risk of the composite outcome, whereas cheese intake was not significantly associated with the composite outcome (0·88, 0·76-1·02; ptrend=0·1399). Butter intake was low and was not significantly associated with clinical outcomes (HR 1·09, 95% CI 0·90-1·33; ptrend=0·4113).
INTERPRETATION: Dairy consumption was associated with lower risk of mortality and major cardiovascular disease events in a diverse multinational cohort.
FUNDING: Full funding sources are listed at the end of the paper (see Acknowledgments).

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext HIV transmission through breast milk: the science behind the understanding of current trends and future research

Prameela KK

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):644-51.
PMID: 23770969 MyJurnal

Breastmilk protects the infant from many diseases and many short- term and long- term benefits accrue. At the same time it is also known that breastfeeding acts as a vehicle for some infective agents. It is now accepted that breastmilk transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus- 1 (HIV-1) is an important mode of paediatric infection . Despite this fact, many researchers have observed that corresponding to the volume of milk consumed by the infant, maternal transmission via breastmilk is still comparatively low. Some have noted the long latency period of breastmilk HIV transmission with evidence of numerous anti-HIV factors in breastmilk. Although there are accepted standard guidelines on infant feeding in mothers who are HIV positive in many countries, it maybe equally important to realize gaps in our knowledge of mother- to -child HIV transmission. From an evolutionary perspective, the role of the mammary epithelial cell (MEC) and of breastmilk , in contributing to and possibly in influencing HIV-1 transmission is intriguing. The presence of HIV-1 or of other viruses in maternal milk seem to be a requisite to spur immunological defenses to optimize necessary protection to the infant. This article reviews some aspects of the science of HIV transmission through breastmilk and reflects the concept -based understanding of current policies on HIV and breastfeeding. At the same time, it highlights uncertainties in this field and the urgency for future research in this direction. Accepting current notions of breastmilk HIV transmission, greater deliberation by research may throw more light on why breastfeeding with its abundant advantages is fraught with the hazards of transmission of a deadly disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human
Fulltext Breastfeeding--anti-viral potential and relevance to the influenza virus pandemic

Prameela KK

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):166-9; quiz 170.
PMID: 22106709

Essential nutritive and immunological ingredients abundantly present in breastmilk make it the choice infant nutrition. The uniqueness of mother's milk, in contrast to most therapeutics and immunizations, lies in its potential to adapt itself to the requirements of the infant so that timely immune defenses are tapped from its constituents by immune regulation, modulation and immune acceleration to stimulate novel substances; these render it pertinent as defense when faced with challenging organisms. While it is appreciated that immunity can be transferred from mother to infant through breastmilk following maternal influenza vaccination, the immense benefits conferred by breastfeeding per se during influenza pandemics may not be fully valued. This is substantiated by debates and ambiguities for continued breastfeeding in the face of maternal influenza infections. This article emphasises the utmost importance of breastfeeding in viral pandemics in the light of the changing immunological strategies used by viruses at different times and the urgent need for such opportune defenses. The prolific interaction of its constituents is frequently understated as enormous advantages to the suckling infant.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human/immunology*
Breastfeeding during breast milk jaundice - a pathophysiological perspective

Prameela KK

Med J Malaysia, 2019 12;74(6):527-533.
PMID: 31929480

INTRODUCTION: Exclusive breastfeeding for the initial six months of life is crucial and it is recommended . Breast milk jaundice is an innocuous condition that occurs in some healthy, breastfed infants. However, the potential dangers of jaundice in the neonate such as bilirubin induced neuronal pathology, mandates a better understanding of the pathophysiology of breast milk jaundice and the impact of breastfeeding during jaundice. In this context , advice on continued breastfeeding must consider both the benefits of breastfeeding and the possible disadvantages of the jaundice.
METHODS: Reviewing literature and integrating relevant information facilitated the appraisal of this important topic. This article reviewed neonatal jaundice, the entry of bilirubin into the immature brain and how breastfeeding may impact jaundice in the neonate.
RESULTS: While some substances in breast milk may be responsible for jaundice on the one hand, there is an irrefutable spectrum of advantages conferred by continued breastfeeding, on the other. As the breastfed infant benefits from fewer infections, enhanced organ and physiological barrier maturity, as well as the prospect of genetic modification of certain diseases, these useful actions could also reduce risks of early jaundice and its complications.
DISCUSSION: An exciting field for further research, holistic integration of knowledge clarifies both the overall advantages of breastfeeding and wisdom of its continued counsel. In fact, breast milk jaundice may reflect a holistic expression of tissue protection and enhanced neonatal survival.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human/metabolism
Isolation and mode of action of bacteriocin BacC1 produced by nonpathogenic Enterococcus faecium C1

Goh HF, Philip K

J Dairy Sci, 2015 Aug;98(8):5080-90.
PMID: 26004828 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9240

Lactic acid bacteria are present in fermented food products and help to improve shelf life and enhance the flavor of the food. They also produce metabolites such as bacteriocins to prevent the growth of undesirable or pathogenic bacteria. In this study, Enterococcus faecium C1 isolated from fermented cow milk was able to produce bacteriocin BacC1 and inhibit the growth of selected food-spoilage bacteria. The bacteriocin was purified through 4 steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction column, a series of centrifugal steps, and finally reversed-phase HPLC. A membrane permeability test using SYTOX green dye (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) showed that the bacteriocin caused significant disruptions to the test bacterial membrane, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. The molecular weight of the BacC1 obtained from SDS-PAGE was around 10kDa, and N-terminal sequencing revealed a partial amino acid sequence of BacC1: GPXGPXGP. The bacterial strain was nonhemolytic and not antibiotic resistant. Therefore, it has high potential for application in the food industry as an antimicrobial agent to extend the shelf life of food products.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk/microbiology
Fulltext Characterization, yield optimization, scale up and biopreservative potential of fermencin SA715, a novel bacteriocin from Lactobacillus fermentum GA715 of goat milk origin

Wayah SB, Philip K

Microb Cell Fact, 2018 Aug 13;17(1):125.
PMID: 30103750 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0972-1

BACKGROUND: Emergence of antibiotic resistance and growing consumer trend towards foods containing biopreservatives stimulated the search for alternative antimicrobials. This research is aimed at characterizing, investigating the mechanism of action, scale up optimization and evaluating the biopreservative potential of a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus fermentum.
RESULTS: Fermencin SA715 is a novel, broad-spectrum, non-pore-forming and cell wall-associated bacteriocin isolated from L. fermentum GA715 of goat milk origin. A combination of hydrophobic interaction chromatography, solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase HPLC was necessary for purification of the bacteriocin to homogeneity. It has a molecular weight of 1792.537 Da as revealed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Fermencin SA715 is potent at micromolar concentration, possesses high thermal and pH stability and inactivated by proteolytic enzymes thereby revealing its proteinaceous nature. Biomass accumulation and production of fermencin SA715 was optimum in a newly synthesized growth medium. Fermencin SA715 did not occur in the absence of manganese(II) sulphate. Tween 80, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate and magnesium sulphate enhanced the production of fermencin SA715. Sucrose is the preferred carbon source for growth and bacteriocin production. Sodium chloride concentration higher than 1% suppressed growth and production of fermencin SA715. Optimum bacteriocin production occurred at 37 °C and pH 6-7. Scale up of fermencin SA715 production involved batch fermentation in a bioreactor at a constant pH of 6.5 which resulted in enhanced production. Fermencin SA715 doubled the shelf life and improved the microbiological safety of fresh banana. Bacteriocin application followed by refrigeration tripled the shell life of banana.
CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the huge potential of fermencin SA715 as a future biopreservative for bananas and reveals other interesting characteristics which can be exploited in the preservation of other foods. Furthermore insights on the factors influencing the production of fermencin SA715 have been revealed and optimized condition for its production has been established facilitating future commercial production.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Therapeutic effects of conditioned - DPBS from amniotic stem cells on lactating cow mastitis

Ting WJ, Shaw SW, Hii LY, Lin TY, Chang SC, Liu KY, et al.

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2020 Jul;59(4):520-526.
PMID: 32653123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.05.009

OBJECTIVE: Bovine mastitis results in economic loss due to decrease in milk production. Antibiotic ointments are commonly used for treating. However, residue and anti-microbial resistance warranted attention progressively. Fortunately, stem cell anti-inflammatory properties and paracrine expression of cytokines accelerates wound healing and suppresses inflammatory reactions in mastitis. The objective of this study is to use the conditioned-Dulbecco's pluripotent stem cells (DPBS) from amniotic membrane stem cells (AMSCs) in treating bovine mastitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cows with mastitis were divided into two groups. In antibiotic control group, the cows were given tetraneomycin ointment. In conditioned-DPBS of AMSCs treatment group, amniotic membrane was collected for AMSCs after delivery. With expression of surface antigen and potential of tri-linage differentiation, AMSCs were injected into mammary glands. Then, milk was sampled every three days to monitor the effect of both treatments. The quality of milk was measured with pH, titratable acidity, free calcium ions and somatic cell count.
RESULTS: Our results demonstrated the Bovine AMSCs expressed CD44, low levels of CD4 and no CD105. Bovine AMSCs demonstrated the differentiation capability in the tri-cell lineages. Mastitis treatment with conditioned-DPBS from AMSCs (experimental group) and conventional antibiotics (control group) showed insignificant difference in pH value and titratable acidity. The level of ionic calcium concentration in the conditioned-DPBS group decreased from 3rd day to 12th day, while the level in the antibiotic group decreased from 0 day to 12th day. The somatic cell number was similar in both groups, which meet the standard of Taiwan milk collection.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, conditioned-DPBS from bovine AMSCs has the therapeutic potential to treat bovine mastitis and may replace antibiotics therapy in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Apparent bioavailability of isoflavones in urinary excretions of postmenopausal Malay women consuming tempeh compared with milk

Haron H, Ismail A, Shahar S, Azlan A, Peng LS

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2011 Sep;62(6):642-50.
PMID: 21574819 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.570742

Quantitation of isoflavones in humans is important to establish the benefits of these compounds to the populations. Urinary isoflavones are frequently used as a biomarker of isoflavone bioavailability from food or supplement since urine contains 100-fold higher concentrations of isoflavones. The objective of the present study was to determine and compare the urinary excretions of daidzein (DA), genistein (GE) and equol (EQ) in postmenopausal Malay women following the consumption of tempeh and milk in a calcium absorption study and to test the hypothesis that the excretion of isoflavones following consumption of tempeh maybe higher compared with milk. The amounts of DA (47.06 ± 4.18 μmol/h), GE (33.27 ± 3.71 μmol/h) and EQ (24.35 ± 4.34 μmol/h) excreted in urine following tempeh consumption were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with those in milk (3.51 ± 0.62 μmol/h DA, 2.79 ± 0.35 μmol/h GE and 0 μmol/h EQ). Almost all studied postmenopausal Malay women were able to excrete EQ following consumption of 240 g tempeh but only one subject can be classified as an equol producer. We concluded that most postmenopausal Malay women excreted DA, GE and EQ in their urine following tempeh consumption and the amount of the excreted isoflavones were higher compared with those in milk. However, further studies are needed to determine whether longer periods of time are required to capture EQ producers.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk*

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