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Preliminary observation on the lepidopteran colonization on rat and rabbit carcasses in Malaysia

Singh S, Yong SK, Jalaludin NH, Brau E, Shamsudin NN, Keawbaingam N, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2020 Dec 01;37(4):1146-1151.
PMID: 33612767 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.1146

The immature stages of necrophagous insects such as Diptera and Coleoptera play a vital ecological role in carrion decomposition. These invertebrates reduce the necromass significantly through consumption and recycle nutrients into organic forms which are readily being used by autotrophs or served as an abiotic storage in the soil ecosystem. Fly and beetle larvae are frequently encountered decomposers on ephemeral resource patches; however, lepidopterans associated with carrion decomposition is seldom reported. Here, we report colonization of Monopis sp. (Tineidae) and an unknown species of Psychidae on a rat carcass, and a Lithosiini caterpillar (Arctiidae) on a rabbit carcass in Peninsular Malaysia for the first time. The feeding behaviour and their potential forensic implications are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Ocular Permeation of Topical Tazocin and Its Effectiveness in the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Keratitis in Rabbits

Singh S, Agarwal R, Razak ZA, Ngu R, Nyein LL, Vasudevan S, et al.

J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2018 01 17;34(1-2):214-223.
PMID: 29341837 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0098

PURPOSE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common causative organism for contact lens-associated corneal ulcer and is commonly treated with fluoroquinolones. With the emergence of resistant strains, it is important to investigate alternative therapies. Despite well-established efficacy of tazocin against systemic Pseudomonas infections, its topical use for the treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis has not been described, hence this study was aimed to find the ocular permeation of Tazocin and its efficacy in treating keratitis in rabbit eyes.
METHODS: We investigated the ocular permeation of topical tazocin after single drop application in normal rabbit eyes by estimating piperacillin and tazobactam concentrations in cornea, aqueous, and vitreous using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Furthermore, we determined the efficacy of repeated dose administration of tazocin against experimentally induced P. aeruginosa keratitis in rabbits in comparison to moxifloxacin. To determine the efficacy, clinical examination, histopathological examination, and estimation of bacterial load and inflammatory cytokines in cornea were done.
RESULTS: Significant corneal concentration of piperacillin and tazobactam was detected in normal rabbit corneas after single dose treatment with tazocin. In rabbits with Pseudomonas-induced keratitis, topical tazocin caused significant clinical and histopathological improvement. This improvement was associated with reduction in corneal bacterial load and inflammatory cytokines. Compared to moxifloxacin 0.5%, tazocin treated group showed greater clinical response which was associated with higher interleukin (IL)-1β, lower tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a comparable level of IL-8, greater reduction in corneal bacterial load, and lesser inflammatory cell infiltration.
CONCLUSION: Tazocin showed good ocular penetration and was effective in treatment of Pseudomonas induced keratitis in rabbits.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Phenomenological analysis of simple ion channel block in large populations of uncoupled cardiomyocytes

Simitev RD, Al Dawoud A, Aziz MHN, Myles R, Smith GL

Math Med Biol, 2023 Jun 14;40(2):175-198.
PMID: 36689769 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqad001

Current understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms and design of anti-arrhythmic drug therapies hinges on the assumption that myocytes from the same region of a single heart have similar, if not identical, action potential waveforms and drug responses. On the contrary, recent experiments reveal significant heterogeneity in uncoupled healthy myocytes both from different hearts as well as from identical regions within a single heart. In this work, a methodology is developed for quantifying the individual electrophysiological properties of large numbers of uncoupled cardiomyocytes under ion channel block in terms of the parameters values of a conceptual fast-slow model of electrical excitability. The approach is applied to a population of nearly 500 rabbit ventricular myocytes for which action potential duration (APD) before and after the application of the drug nifedipine was experimentally measured (Lachaud et al., 2022, Cardiovasc. Res.). To this end, drug action is represented by a multiplicative factor to an effective ion conductance, a closed form asymptotic expression for APD is derived and inverted to determine model parameters as functions of APD and $\varDelta $APD (drug-induced change in APD) for each myocyte. Two free protocol-related quantities are calibrated to experiment using an adaptive-domain procedure based on an original assumption of optimal excitability. The explicit APD expression and the resulting set of model parameter values allow (a) direct evaluation of conditions necessary to maintain fixed APD or $\varDelta $APD, (b) predictions of the proportion of cells remaining excitable after drug application, (c) predictions of stimulus period dependency and (d) predictions of dose-response curves, the latter being in agreement with additional experimental data.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
The Importance of Habitat in the Ecology of Decomposition on Rabbit Carcasses in Malaysia: Implications in Forensic Entomology

Silahuddin SA, Latif B, Kurahashi H, Walter DE, Heo CC

J Med Entomol, 2015 Jan;52(1):9-23.
PMID: 26336275 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tju001

The stages of decomposition and the faunal succession on rabbit carcasses in three different habitats, namely jungle, rural, and highland areas, were studied. Three New Zealand White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) carcasses weighing ∼2 kg were sampled daily until the decomposition process was completed. Representative specimens of adult flies, larvae, pupa, and mites were collected from the carcasses and processed in the laboratory. There were differences in decomposition rate and faunal succession between the carcasses. The fastest rate of decomposition was recorded in rural area, and the slowest rate of decomposition was recorded in highland area. The carcasses exhibited the same pattern of colonization by adult flies, but the dominant species of larvae and adult flies on each carcass in specific habitats were different. The primary species of flies recorded in jungle were Chrysomya megacephala F., Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), Chrysomya chani Kurahashi, Chrysomya villenuevi Patton, Chrysomya nigripes Aubertin, Chrysomya pinguis (Walker), Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann), Hemipyrellia tagaliana (Bigot), Hypopyiopsis fumipennis (Walker), Hypopygiopsis violacea (Macquart), and Hydrotaea spinigera Stein represented by both adults and larvae. Musca domestica L., Atherigona sp., Lioproctia pattoni (Senior-White), Lioproctia saprianovae Pape & Bänziger, and Seniorwhitea princeps (Wiedemann) were represented by adults only. The biodiversity of flies in the rural area were C. megacephala, C. rufifacies, H. ligurriens, Fannia canicularis L., Hydrotaea chalcogaster (Wiedemann), and Hyd. spinigera represented by both adults and larvae, meanwhile M. domestica, Atherigona sp., Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Parasarcophaga taenionota Wiedemann, Parasarcophaga scopariiformis Senior-White, and S. princeps were represented by adults only. The species of flies collected in the highland area were Lucilia porphyrina (Walker), C. megacephala, C. rufifacies, C. villenuevi, C. pinguis, H. ligurriens, Hyd. spinigera, Hyd. chalcogaster, F. canicularis, and Boettcherisca highlandica Kurahashi & Tan represented by both adults and larvae, whereas C. nigripes, Chrysomya thanomthini Kurahashi & Tumrasvin, M. domestica, Atherigona sp., Parasarcophaga albiceps Meigen, P. taenionota, Sepsidae, Phoridae, and Millichidae were represented by adults only. Faunal succession followed the sequence of dominant flies, i.e., Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, Sepsidae, and lastly Stratiomyidae for jungle, or Sepsidae for rural and highland studies. Mites, from suborders Mesostigmata, Prostigmata, Astigmatina, and Oribatida, were also recovered throughout decomposition, which could be used for future implementation in forensic investigations. The data obtained from this study could provide more accurate indicators for local forensic scientists in solving criminal cases especially on the determination of time and primary location of death.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Formulation and in vivo evaluation of ondansetron orally disintegrating tablets using different superdisintegrants

Sheshala R, Khan N, Chitneni M, Darwis Y

Arch Pharm Res, 2011 Nov;34(11):1945-56.
PMID: 22139694 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1115-y

The aim of this study was to formulate cost effective taste-masked orally disintegrating tablets of ondansetron, a bitter drug using different superdisintegrants by a wet granulation technique. Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) as a diluent and disintegrant in addition to aspartame as a sweetener were used in all formulations. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, water content, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The tablets' hardness was maintained in the range of 2-3 kg and friability was <1% for all batches. All tablet formulations disintegrated rapidly in vitro within 5.83 to 33.0 sec. The optimized formulation containing 15% Polyplasdone XL-10 released more than 90% of drug within 5 min and the release was comparable to that of a commercial product. In human volunteers, optimized formulation was found to have a pleasant taste and mouth feel and they disintegrated in the oral cavity within 12 sec. The stability results were also satisfactory. A pharmacokinetic study with the optimized formulation was performed in comparison with a reference (Zofer MD 8®) and they were found to be bioequivalent. In conclusion, a cost effective ondansetron orally disintegrating tablet was successfully prepared with acceptable hardness, desirable taste and rapid disintegration in the oral cavity.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Hepatosplenic lesions induced by experimental Schistosoma malayensis in rabbits

Shekhar KC, Pathmanathan R

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1993 Jun;24(2):333-9.
PMID: 8266238

Two groups of three rabbits each were infected with 250 cercariae of the Baling and Koyan strain of Schistosoma malayensis. Changes induced by both strains included periportal hepatocellular necrosis and fibrosis. Vascular changes such as portal phlebitis and thrombophlebitis and varying degrees of pericholangitis were also present. Amyloid deposition was noted. A comparative study of the changes induced in rabbits by S. malayensis, S. mekongi and S. japonicum showed that the hepatic lesions induced by the Baling strain of S. malayensis were similar to that induced by S. japonicum, and were more severe than that induced by S. mekongi or the Koyan strain.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Induction of intestinal lesions in rabbits with Koyan and Baling strains of Schistosoma malayensis Sp N

Shekhar KC, Pathmanathan R

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1992 Mar;23(1):92-7.
PMID: 1523486

Schistosoma malayensis Sp N is a putative new species of schistosome discovered in Peninsular Malaysia in 1973. This paper comprises the first report on the detailed gastrointestinal pathology present in rabbits infected with strains of the parasite. Two different strains of schistosome--the Baling and Koyan strains--from two different ecosystems were used to infect inbred rabbits and the resulting pathophysiology was studied. Our results showed that the Baling strain of S. malayensis was more virulent than the Koyan strain and produced nodular, segmental circumferential lesions and large bilharziomas measuring 1-7 cm in diameter in the distal jejunum, ileum and the ileo-caecal junction. The findings indicate that the Baling strain of S. malayensis was more pathogenic for rabbits as compared with the Koyan strain--in relation to the gross pathology of the gut and the tissue egg load. Earlier reports have shown that rabbits infected with S. japonicum induces significant intestinal lesions in rabbits (Cheever et al, 1980 a,b) but these animals are refractory to infection with S. mekongi (Byram and Lichtenberg, 1980). Our studies show that the two strains of S. malayensis adapted well in rabbits. It is also established that in rabbits, the virulence of the Baling strain of S. malayensis is greater than that of S. mekongi and approximates that of S. japonicum.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Fulltext Pulmonary pathology in rabbits infected with the Baling and Koyan strains of Schistosoma malayensis

Shekhar KC, Pathmanathan R

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1992 Dec;23(4):711-5.
PMID: 1298078

Two distinct strains of Schistosoma malayensis exist in Malaysia (designated the Baling and Koyan strains). Both these strains show intraspecific variations in pathology (Greer et al, 1988). To evaluate the differences in the pulmonary pathology resulting from infections of the two different strains of Malaysian schistosome, a total of 20 experimental rabbits were infected, 10 each with cercariae of the Koyan strains. Pathological changes were studied over a period of 28 weeks. Granulomas in the lung occurring as a result of infection with the Baling strain were compared with those caused by infection with the Koyan strain. Although both strains produced parenchymatous and alveolar lesions, granulomas caused by the Baling strain of Malaysian schistosome were more numerous and larger (when comparing mean diameter as well as area of granuloma, p < 0.05). In addition, pulmonary vascular hypertensive changes were present in Baling strain infected rabbits. These comprised of pulmonary arteriolar endothelial swelling and damage, intimal elastosis and medial hypertrophy. Angiitis and pulmonary periphlebitis were also noted occasionally. In contrast, Koyan strain infection resulted in fewer and smaller granulomas. Pulmonary vascular changes were minimal.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Pro-inflammatory actions of the platelet activating factor: relevance to rheumatoid arthritis

Sharma JN

Exp Pathol, 1991;43(1-2):47-50.
PMID: 1783046 DOI: 10.1016/s0232-1513(11)80141-6

The mechanisms causing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not yet clearly known. They may be associated with different types of inflammatory cells and probably numerous mediators (SHARMA and MOHSIN 1990). Nowadays, the platelet activating factor (PAF) is discussed as an important mediator in RA.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Fulltext Protective effect of pulp oil extracted from Canarium odontophyllum Miq. Fruit on blood lipids, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in healthy rabbits

Shakirin FH, Azlan A, Ismail A, Amom Z, Yuon LC

Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2012;2012:840973.
PMID: 22685623 DOI: 10.1155/2012/840973

The aim of this paper was to compare the effects of pulp and kernel oils of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. (CO) on lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress of healthy rabbits. The oils are rich in SFAs and MUFAs (mainly palmitic and oleic acids). The pulp oil is rich in polyphenols. Male New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were fed for 4 weeks on a normal diet containing pulp (NP) or kernel oil (NK) of CO while corn oil was used as control (NC). Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-c and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured in this paper. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidise), thiobarbiturate reactive substances (TBARSs), and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) were also evaluated. Supplementation of CO pulp oil resulted in favorable changes in blood lipid and lipid peroxidation (increased HDL-C, reduced LDL-C, TG, TBARS levels) with enhancement of SOD, GPx, and plasma TAS levels. Meanwhile, supplementation of kernel oil caused lowering of plasma TC and LDL-C as well as enhancement of SOD and TAS levels. These changes showed that oils of CO could be beneficial in improving lipid profile and antioxidant status as when using part of normal diet. The oils can be used as alternative to present vegetable oil.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Fulltext Antiatherosclerotic Effect of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. Fruit Parts in Rabbits Fed High Cholesterol Diet

Shakirin FH, Azlan A, Ismail A, Amom Z, Yuon LC

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:838604.
PMID: 22811751 DOI: 10.1155/2012/838604

The effect of C. odontophyllum (CO) fruit parts was investigated in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Forty-nine rabbits, which were randomly divided into seven groups of seven animals (n = 7), received a diet containing different parts of CO fruit parts for 8 weeks. The groups were as follows: (1) normal diet: NC group and (2) hypercholesterolemic diet: PC, HS (10 mg/kg/day simvastatin), HPO (20 g kg(-1) oil extracted from the pulp of CO), HKO (20 g kg(-1) oil extracted from the kernel of CO), HF (50 g kg(-1) fullfat pulp of CO), and HD (50 g kg(-1) defatted pulp of CO). Among these groups, rabbits receiving defatted pulp of CO showed the greatest cholesterol lowering effect as it had reduced plasma LDL-C, TC, and thiobarbiturate reactive substance (TBARS) levels as well as atherosclerotic plaques. The presence of high dietary fiber and antioxidants activity are potential factors contributing to the cholesterol lowering effect. Consequently, these results indicate the potential use of CO defatted pulp as a cholesterol lowering and antioxidant agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Fulltext Guillain-barré syndrome animal model: the first proof of molecular mimicry in human autoimmune disorder

Shahrizaila N, Yuki N

J Biomed Biotechnol, 2011;2011:829129.
PMID: 21197269 DOI: 10.1155/2011/829129

Molecular mimicry between self and microbial components has been proposed as the pathogenic mechanism of autoimmune diseases, and this hypothesis is proven in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Guillain-Barré syndrome, the most frequent cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis, sometimes occurs after Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. Gangliosides are predominantly cell-surface glycolipids highly expressed in nervous tissue, whilst lipo-oligosaccharides are major components of the Gram-negative bacterium C. jejuni outer membrane. IgG autoantibodies to GM1 ganglioside were found in the sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Molecular mimicry was demonstrated between GM1 and lipo-oligosaccharide of C. jejuni isolated from the patients. Disease models by sensitization of rabbits with GM1 and C. jejuni lipo-oligosaccharide were established. Guillain-Barré syndrome provided the first verification that an autoimmune disease is triggered by molecular mimicry. Its disease models are helpful to further understand the molecular pathogenesis as well as to develop new treatments in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Fabrication and characterization of matrix type transdermal patches loaded with tizanidine hydrochloride: potential sustained release delivery system

Shahid N, Siddique MI, Razzaq Z, Katas H, Waqas MK, Rahman KU

Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2018 Dec;44(12):2061-2070.
PMID: 30081679 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1509081

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to optimize and develop matrix type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) containing tizanidine hydrochloride (TZH) using different polymers by solvent evaporation method.
SIGNIFICANCE: A strong need exists for the development of transdermal patch having improved bioavailability at the site of action with fewer side effects at off-target organs.
METHODS: The patches were physically characterized by texture analysis (color, flexibility, smoothness, transparency, and homogeneity), in vitro dissolution test and FTIR analysis. Furthermore, functional properties essential for TDDS, in vitro percentage of moisture content, percentage of water uptake, in vitro permeation by following different kinetic models, in vivo drug content estimation and skin irritation were determined using rabbit skin.
RESULTS: The optimized patches were soft, of uniform texture and thickness as well as pliable in nature. Novel transdermal patch showed ideal characteristics in terms of moisture content and water uptake. FTIR analysis confirmed no interaction between TZH and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). The patch showed sustained release of the drug which increased the availability of short acting TZH at the site of action. The patch also showed its biocompatibility to the in vivo model of rabbit skin.
CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that topically applied transdermal patch will be a potential medicated sustain release patch for muscle pain which will improve patient compliance.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Curcumin-laden hyaluronic acid-co-Pullulan-based biomaterials as a potential platform to synergistically enhance the diabetic wound repair

Shah SA, Sohail M, Minhas MU, Khan S, Hussain Z, Mahmood A, et al.

Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Aug 31;185:350-368.
PMID: 34171251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.119

Injectable hydrogel with multifunctional tunable properties comprising biocompatibility, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and/or anti-infection are highly preferred to efficiently promote diabetic wound repair and its development remains a challenge. In this study, we report hyaluronic acid and Pullulan-based injectable hydrogel loaded with curcumin that could potentiate reepithelization, increase angiogenesis, and collagen deposition at wound microenvironment to endorse healing cascade compared to other treatment groups. The physical interaction and self-assembly of hyaluronic acid-Pullulan-grafted-pluronic F127 injectable hydrogel were confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and cytocompatibility was confirmed by fibroblast viability assay. The CUR-laden hyaluronic acid-Pullulan-g-F127 injectable hydrogel promptly undergoes a sol-gel transition and has proved to potentiate wound healing in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model by promoting 93% of wound closure compared to other groups having 35%, 38%, and 62%. The comparative in vivo study and histological examination was conducted which demonstrated an expeditious recovery rate by significantly reducing the wound healing days i.e. 35 days in a control group, 33 days in the CUR suspension group, 21 days in unloaded injectable, and 13 days was observed in CUR loaded hydrogel group. Furthermore, we suggest that the injectable hydrogel laden with CUR showed a prompt wound healing potential by increasing the cell proliferation and serves as a drug delivery platform for sustained and targeted delivery of hydrophobic moieties.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Fibrin promotes proliferation and matrix production of intervertebral disc cells cultured in three-dimensional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold

Sha'ban M, Yoon SJ, Ko YK, Ha HJ, Kim SH, So JW, et al.

J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2008;19(9):1219-37.
PMID: 18727862 DOI: 10.1163/156856208785540163

Previously, we have proven that fibrin and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds facilitate cell proliferation, matrix production and early chondrogenesis of rabbit articular chondrocytes in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this study, we evaluated the potential of fibrin/PLGA scaffold for intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue engineering using annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in relation to potential clinical application. PLGA scaffolds were soaked in cells-fibrin suspension and polymerized by dropping thrombin-sodium chloride (CaCl(2)) solution. A PLGA-cell complex without fibrin was used as control. Higher cellular proliferation activity was observed in fibrin/PLGA-seeded AF and NP cells at each time point of 3, 7, 14 and 7 days using the MTT assay. After 3 weeks in vitro incubation, fibrin/PLGA exhibited a firmer gross morphology than PLGA groups. A significant cartilaginous tissue formation was observed in fibrin/PLGA, as proven by the development of cells cluster of various sizes and three-dimensional (3D) cartilaginous histoarchitecture and the presence of proteoglycan-rich matrix and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). The sGAG production measured by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay revealed greater sGAG production in fibrin/PLGA than PLGA group. Immunohistochemical analyses showed expressions of collagen type II, aggrecan core protein and collagen type I genes throughout in vitro culture in both fibrin/PLGA and PLGA. In conclusion, fibrin promotes cell proliferation, stable in vitro tissue morphology, superior cartilaginous tissue formation and sGAG production of AF and NP cells cultured in PLGA scaffold. The 3D porous PLGA scaffold-cell complexes using fibrin can provide a vehicle for delivery of cells to regenerate tissue-engineered IVD tissue.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Fulltext Pharmacological properties of Centella asiatica hydrogel in accelerating wound healing in rabbits

Sh Ahmed A, Taher M, Mandal UK, Jaffri JM, Susanti D, Mahmood S, et al.

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2019 Aug 14;19(1):213.
PMID: 31412845 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2625-2

BACKGROUND: Various extracts of Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) and its active constituent, asiaticoside, have been reported to possess wound healing property when assessed using various in vivo and in vitro models. In an attempt to develop a formulation with accelerated wound healing effect, the present study was performed to examine in vivo efficacy of asiaticoside-rich hydrogel formulation in rabbits.
METHODS: Asiaticoside-rich fraction was prepared from C. asiatica aerial part and then incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol (PVA/PEG) hydrogel. The hydrogel was subjected to wound healing investigation using the in vivo incision model.
RESULTS: The results obtained demonstrated that: i) the hydrogel formulation did not cause any signs of irritation on the rabbits' skin and; ii) enhanced wound healing 15% faster than the commercial cream and > 40% faster than the untreated wounds. The skin healing process was seen in all wounds marked by formation of a thick epithelial layer, keratin, and moderate formation of granulation tissues, fibroblasts and collagen with no fibrinoid necrosis detected.
CONCLUSION: The asiaticoside-rich hydrogel developed using the freeze-thaw method was effective in accelerating wound healing in rabbits.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Fulltext Mapping the Age of Laboratory Rabbit Strains to Human

Sengupta P, Dutta S

Int J Prev Med, 2020;11:194.
PMID: 33815718 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_530_18

Rabbit strains find immense application in biomedical research with every strain having their discrete advantage in specific research endeavor. Acceptability of rabbit strains as laboratory animals owes to their breeding ease, availability, cost-effectiveness, ethical conveniences, larger size, compared to rats and mice, and responsiveness. With respect to different life phases, the article displays that one human year is equivalent to: (1) in developmental phase, 56.77 days for New Zealand White (NZW) and New Zealand Red (NZR) rabbits, 71.01 days for Dutch belted and Polish rabbits, and 85.28 days for Californian rabbits; (2) in the prepubertal phase, 13.04 days for NZW and Dutch belted, 15.65 days for NZR and Californian, and 10.43 days for Polish rabbits; (3) in the adult phase, 18.25 days for NZW and Californian rabbits, 22.75 days for NZR, and 12 days for Dutch Belted and Polish rabbits; (4) during reproductive senescence, 42.94 days for NZW, NZR and Californian rabbits, 28.62 days for Dutch belted, and 25.05 days for Polish rabbits; (5) in the post-senescence phase, 50.34 days for NZW, 25.17 days for NZR, Dutch Belted and Californian and 31.46 days for Polish rabbits. The laboratory rabbit strains differ in various physiological, developmental and genetic make-ups, which also reflect upon the correlation of their age at different life stages with that of a human. The present article aids selection of laboratory rabbit strain of accurate age as per experimental need, by precisely relating the same with age of human considering different life stages.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Fulltext Colonies in engineered articular cartilage express superior differentiation

Selvaratnam L, Abd Rahim S, Kamarul T, Chan KY, Sureshan S, Penafort R, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl C:49-52.
PMID: 16381284

In view of poor regeneration potential of the articular cartilage, in-vitro engineering of cartilage tissue offers a promising option for progressive joint disease. This study aims to develop a biologically engineered articular cartilage for autologous transplantation. The initial work involved determination of chondrocyte yield and viability, and morphological analysis. Cartilage was harvested from the knee, hip and shoulder joints of adult New Zealand white rabbits and chondrocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion of the extra-cellular matrix before serial cultivation in DMEM/Ham's F12 media as monolayer cultures. No differences were noted in cell yield. Although chondrocytes viability was optimal (>93%) following harvest from native cartilage, their viability tended to be lowered on passaging. Chondrocytes aggregated in isogenous colonies comprising ovoid cells with intimate intracellular contacts and readily exhibited Safranin-O positive matrix; features typically associated with articular cartilage in-vivo. However, chondrocytes also existed concurrently in scattered bipolar/multipolar forms lacking Safranin-O expression. Therefore, early data demonstrated successful serial culture of adult chondrocytes with differentiated morphology seen in established chondrocyte colonies synthesizing matrix proteoglycans.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
On-Demand Guided Bone Regeneration with Microbial Protection of Ornamented SPU Scaffold with Bismuth-Doped Single Crystalline Hydroxyapatite: Augmentation and Cartilage Formation

Selvakumar M, Srivastava P, Pawar HS, Francis NK, Das B, Sathishkumar G, et al.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016 Feb 17;8(6):4086-100.
PMID: 26799576 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11723

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) scaffolds are futile in many clinical applications due to infection problems. In this work, we fabricated GBR with an anti-infective scaffold by ornamenting 2D single crystalline bismuth-doped nanohydroxyapatite (Bi-nHA) rods onto segmented polyurethane (SPU). Bi-nHA with high aspect ratio was prepared without any templates. Subsequently, it was introduced into an unprecedented synthesized SPU matrix based on dual soft segments (PCL-b-PDMS) of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), by an in situ technique followed by electrospinning to fabricate scaffolds. For comparison, undoped pristine nHA rods were also ornamented into it. The enzymatic ring-opening polymerization technique was adapted to synthesize soft segments of PCL-b-PDMS copolymers of SPU. Structure elucidation of the synthesized polymers is done by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sparingly, Bi-nHA ornamented scaffolds exhibit tremendous improvement (155%) in the mechanical properties with excellent antimicrobial activity against various human pathogens. After confirmation of high osteoconductivity, improved biodegradation, and excellent biocompatibility against osteoblast cells (in vitro), the scaffolds were implanted in rabbits by subcutaneous and intraosseous (tibial) sites. Various histological sections reveal the signatures of early cartilage formation, endochondral ossification, and rapid bone healing at 4 weeks of the critical defects filled with ornamented scaffold compared to SPU scaffold. This implies osteogenic potential and ability to provide an adequate biomimetic microenvironment for mineralization for GBR of the scaffolds. Organ toxicity studies further confirm that no tissue architecture abnormalities were observed in hepatic, cardiac, and renal tissue sections. This finding manifests the feasibility of fabricating a mechanically adequate nanofibrous SPU scaffold by a biomimetic strategy and the advantages of Bi-nHA ornamentation in promoting osteoblast phenotype progression with microbial protection (on-demand) for GBR applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
Development of gelatin microspheres loaded with diclofenac sodium for intra-articular administration

Saravanan M, Bhaskar K, Maharajan G, Pillai KS

J Drug Target, 2011 Feb;19(2):96-103.
PMID: 20380621 DOI: 10.3109/10611861003733979

We have previously reported on the targeting of diclofenac sodium in joint inflammation using gelatin magnetic microspheres. To overcome complications in the administration of magnetic microspheres and achieve higher targeting efficiency, the present work focuses on the formulation of gelatin microspheres for intra-articular administration. Drug-loaded microspheres were prepared by the emulsification/cross-linking method, characterized by drug loading, size distribution, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas chromatography, and in vitro release studies. The targeting efficiency of microspheres was studied in vivo in rabbits. The microspheres showed drug loading of 9.8, 18.3, and 26.7% w/w with an average size range of 37-46 µm, depending upon the drug-polymer ratio. They were spherical in nature and free from surface drug as evidenced by the SEM photographs. FT-IR, DSC, and XRD revealed the absence of drug-polymer interaction and amorphous nature of entrapped drug. Gas chromatography confirms the absences of residual glutaraldehyde. The formulated microspheres could prolong the drug release up to 30 days in vitro. About 81.2 and 43.7% of administered drug in the microspheres were recovered from the target joint after 1 and 7 days of postintra-articular injection, respectively, revealing good targeting efficiency.

Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits

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