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Construction of microbial electrodialysis cells equipped with internal proton migration pathways: Enhancement of wastewater treatment, desalination, and hydrogen production

Salehmin MNI, Hil Me MF, Daud WRW, Mohd Yasin NH, Abu Bakar MH, Sulong AB, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2023 Jan 10;855:158527.
PMID: 36096221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158527

Microbial electrodialysis cells (MEDCs) offer simultaneous wastewater treatment, water desalination, and hydrogen production. In a conventional design of MEDCs, the overall performance is retarded by the accumulation of protons on the anode due to the integration of an anion exchange membrane (AEM). The accumulation of protons reduces the anolyte pH to become acidic, affecting the microbial viability and thus limiting the charge carrier needed for the cathodic reaction. This study has modified the conventional MEDC with an internal proton migration pathway, known as the internal proton migration pathway-MEDC (IP-MEDC). Simulation tests under abiotic conditions demonstrated that the pH changes in the anolyte and catholyte of IP-MEDC were smaller than the pH changes in the anolyte and catholyte without the proton pathways. Under biotic conditions, the performance of the IP-MEDC agreed well with the simulation test, showing a significantly higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, desalination rate, and hydrogen production than without the migration pathway. This result is supported by the lowest charge transfer resistance shown by EIS analysis and the abundance of microbes on the bioanode through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observation. However, hydrogen production was diminished in the second-fed batch cycle, presumably due to the active diffusion of high Cl¯ concentrations from desalination to the anode chamber, which was detrimental to microbial growth. Enlarging the anode volume by threefold improved the COD removal rate and hydrogen production rate by 1.7- and 3.4-fold, respectively, owing to the dilution effect of Cl¯ in the anode. This implied that the dilution effect satisfies both the microbial viability and conductivity. This study also suggests that the anolyte and catholyte replacement frequencies can be reduced, typically at a prolonged hydraulic retention time, thus minimizing the operating cost (e.g., solution pumping). The use of a high concentration of NaCl (35 g L-1) in the desalination chamber and catholyte provides a condition that is close to practicality.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Assessment of Polyacrylamide Based Co-Polymers Enhanced by Functional Group Modifications with Regards to Salinity and Hardness

Akbari S, Mahmood SM, Tan IM, Ghaedi H, Ling OL

Polymers (Basel), 2017 Nov 27;9(12).
PMID: 30965947 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120647

This research aims to test four new polymers for their stability under high salinity/high hardness conditions for their possible use in polymer flooding to improve oil recovery from hydrocarbon reservoirs. The four sulfonated based polyacrylamide co-polymers were FLOCOMB C7035; SUPERPUSHER SAV55; THERMOASSOCIATIF; and AN132 VHM which are basically sulfonated polyacrylamide copolymers of AM (acrylamide) with AMPS (2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonate). AN132 VHM has a molecular weight of 9⁻11 million Daltons with 32 mol % degree of sulfonation. SUPERPUSHER SAV55 mainly has about 35 mol % sulfonation degree and a molecular weight of 9⁻11 million Daltons. FLOCOMB C7035, in addition, has undergone post-hydrolysis step to increase polydispersity and molecular weight above 18 million Daltons but it has a sulfonation degree much lower than 32 mol %. THERMOASSOCIATIF has a molecular weight lower than 12 million Daltons and a medium sulfonation degree of around 32 mol %, and also contains LCST (lower critical solution temperature) type block, which is responsible for its thermoassociative characteristics. This paper discusses the rheological behavior of these polymers in aqueous solutions (100⁻4500 ppm) with NaCl (0.1⁻10 wt %) measured at 25 °C. The effect of hardness was investigated by preparing a CaCl₂-NaCl solution of same ionic strength as the 5 wt % of NaCl. In summary, it can be concluded that the rheological behavior of the newly modified co-polymers was in general agreement to the existing polymers, except that THERMOASSOCIATIF polymers showed unique behavior, which could possibly make them a better candidate for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) application in high salinity conditions. The other three polymers, on the other hand, are better candidates for EOR applications in reservoirs containing high divalent ions. These results are expected to be helpful in selecting and screening the polymers for an EOR application.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Superhydrophobic surface coating on electrospun polypropylene membrane to treat high salinity water in membrane distillation

Chin JY, Teoh GH, Ahmad AL, Low SC

Water Sci Technol, 2020 Dec;82(12):2948-2961.
PMID: 33341784 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.528

Membrane distillation (MD) is an advantageous separation process compared with pressure-driven technologies and was subsequently introduced to treat aquaculture wastewater. Harnessing a superhydrophobic membrane in an MD process is of extreme importance to prevent membrane wetting. In this work, the electrospun polypropylene (PP) membrane was surface modified by depositing an additional coating of PP via the solvent-exchange method, thereby improving the membrane's superhydrophobicity. Layer-by-layer deposition of PP caused the formation of uniform polymer spherulites on the membrane surface, which levelled up the membrane's surface roughness. A superhydrophobic surface was achieved by applying a single-layered PP coating, with static water contact angle of 152.2° and sliding angle of 12.5°. While all membranes achieved almost perfect salt rejection (up to 99.99%), the MD permeate flux improved by 30%, average of 13.0 kg/m2h, when the single-layered PP-coated membrane was used to treat the high salinity water in both 2 and 60 hr MD processes. Further layers of coating resulted in larger size of PP spherulites with higher sliding angle, followed by lowered flux in MD. The evenness of the surface coating and the size of the aggregate PP spherulites (nano-scaled) are two predominant factors contributing to the superhydrophobicity character of a membrane.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext mRNA profile provides novel insights into stress adaptation in mud crab megalopa, Scylla paramamosain after salinity stress

Zhang Y, Wu Q, Fang S, Li S, Zheng H, Zhang Y, et al.

BMC Genomics, 2020 Aug 14;21(1):559.
PMID: 32795331 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06965-5

BACKGROUND: Mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, a euryhaline crustacean species, mainly inhabits the Indo-Western Pacific region. Wild mud crab spawn in high-salt condition and the salinity reduced with the growth of the hatching larvae. When the larvae grow up to megalopa, they migrate back to estuaries and coasts in virtue of the flood tide, settle and recruit adult habitats and metamorphose into the crablet stage. Adult crab can even survive in a wide salinity of 0-35 ppt. To investigate the mRNA profile after salinity stress, S. paramamosain megalopa were exposed to different salinity seawater (low, 14 ppt; control, 25 ppt; high, 39 ppt).
RESULTS: Firstly, from the expression profiles of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter, chloride channel protein 2, and ABC transporter, it turned out that the 24 h might be the most influenced duration in the short-term stress. We collected megalopa under different salinity for 24 h and then submitted to mRNA profiling. Totally, 57.87 Gb Clean Data were obtained. The comparative genomic analysis detected 342 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The most significantly DEGs include gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase-like, facilitated trehalose transporter Tret1, sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha, rhodanese 1-like protein, etc. And the significantly enriched pathways were lysine degradation, choline metabolism in cancer, phospholipase D signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. The results indicate that in the short-term salinity stress, the megalopa might regulate some mechanism such as metabolism, immunity responses, osmoregulation to adapt to the alteration of the environment.
CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first genome-wide transcriptome analysis of S. paramamosain megalopa for studying its stress adaption mechanisms under different salinity. The results reveal numbers of genes modified by salinity stress and some important pathways, which will provide valuable resources for discovering the molecular basis of salinity stress adaptation of S. paramamosain larvae and further boost the understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of salinity stress adaptation for crustacean species.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Experimental dataset on the dispersion stability of natural polymer non-covalently functionalized graphene nanoplatelets in high salinity brines

Hamdi SS, Al-Kayiem HH, Muhsan AS, Magaril E

Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105702.
PMID: 32462067 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105702

The data in this article present the effective parameters of experimental ultrasonication process on the dispersion stability of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) grafted with a natural polymer of Gum Arabic (GA). These datasets are supporting the article "Natural Polymer Non-Covalently Grafted Graphene Nanoplatelets for Improved Oil Recovery Process: A Micromodel Evaluation" [1]. The datasets were gained during experiments conducted at various dwell time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) at constant power amplitude (60%) of sonication for preparing the stable GA-GNP/brine solutions aiming cost-effective and green agent solution for chemical enhanced oil recovery (C-EOR). The GA-GNPs dispersion data was verified using particle size analyser and UV-Vis measurements. The optimized time and power amplitude parameters of the sonication process were utilized for preparing stabilized samples of GA grafted GNPs in regarding to research work on Natural Polymer Non-Covalently Grafted Graphene Nanoplatelets for EOR. The dispersion stability of GA-GNPs nanofluids at reservoir conditions of high salinity and high temperatures (HSHT) was further demonstrated in the measured data through the sedimentation of nanoparticles.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Characterization of Streptomyces spp. isolated from the rhizosphere of oil palm and evaluation of their ability to suppress basal stem rot disease in oil palm seedlings when applied as powder formulations in a glasshouse trial

Shariffah-Muzaimah SA, Idris AS, Madihah AZ, Dzolkhifli O, Kamaruzzaman S, Maizatul-Suriza M

World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2017 Dec 18;34(1):15.
PMID: 29256103 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2396-1

Ganoderma boninense, the main causal agent of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) basal stem rot (BSR), severely reduces oil palm yields around the world. To reduce reliance on fungicide applications to control BSR, we are investigating the efficacy of alternative control methods, such as the application of biological control agents. In this study, we used four Streptomyces-like actinomycetes (isolates AGA43, AGA48, AGA347 and AGA506) that had been isolated from the oil palm rhizosphere and screened for antagonism towards G. boninense in a previous study. The aim of this study was to characterize these four isolates and then to assess their ability to suppress BSR in oil palm seedlings when applied individually to the soil in a vermiculite powder formulation. Analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences (512 bp) revealed that the isolates exhibited a very high level of sequence similarity (> 98%) with GenBank reference sequences. Isolates AGA347 and AGA506 showed 99% similarity with Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus and Streptomyces ahygroscopicus, respectively. Isolates AGA43 and AGA48 also belonged to the Streptomyces genus. The most effective formulation, AGA347, reduced BSR in seedlings by 73.1%. Formulations using the known antifungal producer Streptomyces noursei, AGA043, AGA048 or AGA506 reduced BSR by 47.4, 30.1, 54.8 and 44.1%, respectively. This glasshouse trial indicates that these Streptomyces spp. show promise as potential biological control agents against Ganoderma in oil palm. Further investigations are needed to determine the mechanism of antagonism and to increase the shelf life of Streptomyces formulations.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Combining ability of pod yield and related traits of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under salinity stress

Azad MA, Shah-E-Alam M, Hamid MA, Rafii MY, Malek MA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:589586.
PMID: 24737982 DOI: 10.1155/2014/589586

A study was performed using 6 × 6 F1 diallel population without reciprocals to assess the mode of inheritance of pod yield and related traits in groundnut with imposed salinity stress. Heterosis was found for pod number and yield. Data on general and specific combining ability (gca and sca) indicated additive and nonadditive gene actions. The gca: sca ratios were much less than unity suggesting predominant role of nonadditive gene effects. Cultivars "Binachinabadam-2" and "Dacca-1" and mutant M6/25/64-82 had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod number, as well as gca values, respectively. These two cultivars and another mutant M6/15/70-19 also had the highest, second highest, and third highest pod yield, as well as gca values, respectively. Therefore, "Dacca-1", "Binachinabadam-2", M6/25/64-82, and M6/15/70-19 could be used as source of salinity tolerance. Cross combinations showing high sca effects arising from parents with high and low gca values for any trait indicate the influence of nonadditive genes on their expression. Parents of these crosses can be used for biparental mating or reciprocal recurrent selection for developing high yielding varieties. Crosses with high sca effects having both parents with good gca effects could be exploited by pedigree breeding to get transgressive segregants.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity*
Fulltext A Review on Haematococcus pluvialis Bioprocess Optimization of Green and Red Stage Culture Conditions for the Production of Natural Astaxanthin

Oslan SNH, Shoparwe NF, Yusoff AH, Rahim AA, Chang CS, Tan JS, et al.

Biomolecules, 2021 02 10;11(2).
PMID: 33578851 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020256

As the most recognizable natural secondary carotenoid astaxanthin producer, the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation is performed via a two-stage process. The first is dedicated to biomass accumulation under growth-favoring conditions (green stage), and the second stage is for astaxanthin evolution under various stress conditions (red stage). This mini-review discusses the further improvement made on astaxanthin production by providing an overview of recent works on H. pluvialis, including the valuable ideas for bioprocess optimization on cell growth, and the current stress-exerting strategies for astaxanthin pigment production. The effects of nutrient constituents, especially nitrogen and carbon sources, and illumination intensity are emphasized during the green stage. On the other hand, the significance of the nitrogen depletion strategy and other exogenous factors comprising salinity, illumination, and temperature are considered for the astaxanthin inducement during the red stage. In short, any factor that interferes with the cellular processes that limit the growth or photosynthesis in the green stage could trigger the encystment process and astaxanthin formation during the red stage. This review provides an insight regarding the parameters involved in bioprocess optimization for high-value astaxanthin biosynthesis from H. pluvialis.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Variations of southern south china sea characteristics near Pahang

Nur Hidayah Roseli, Mohd Fadzil Mohd Akhir

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1389-1396.

Oceanographic cruises in Pahang water in October 2003 and April 2004, monsoon transition months, produce data on water characteristics. The temperature in both months showed higher values in nearshore compared to the offshore stations. The nearshore salinity in both months is lower than offshore stations. Comparatively, there were smaller differences in temperature and salinity in October than in April, with very little variation between nearshore and offshore stations. T-S diagram showed significant differences between October and April water characteristics. According to the water characteristic observations, the temperature and salinity in October was lower than in April, while dissolved oxygen was higher than in April. The lower temperature and salinity taken during the sampling time in October suggested that during this time, the study area already received the influences of strong winds due to upcoming monsoon. The warmer and saltier water obtained in April showed that during this time, the study area was influenced by southwest monsoon. Winds related to rainfall were observed to have impact to the dynamics of water characteristics during both months.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Monitoring of water quality and microalgae species composition of Penaeus monodon ponds in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Asma Liyana Shaari, Misni Surif, Faazaz Abd. Latiff, Wan Maznah Wan Omar, Mohd Noor Ahmad

Trop Life Sci Res, 2011;22(1):-.
MyJurnal

Many reports have revealed that the abundance of microalgae in shrimp ponds vary with changes in environmental factors such as light, temperature, pH, salinity and nutrient level throughout a shrimp culture period. In this study, shrimp cultivation period was divided into three stages (initial = week 0–5, mid = week 6–10 and final = week 11–15). Physical and chemical parameters throughout the cultivation period were studied and species composition of microalgae was monitored. Physical parameters were found to
fluctuate widely with light intensity ranging between 182.23–1278 µmol photon m–2s–1, temperature between 29.56ºC –31.59ºC, dissolved oxygen (DO) between 4.56–8.21 mg/l, pH between 7.65–8.49 and salinity between 20‰–30‰. Ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrite (NO2– -N), nitrate (NO3– -N), and orthophosphate (PO43– -P) concentrations in the pond at all cultivation stages ranged from 0.017 to 0.38 mg/l, 0.24 to 2.12 mg/l, 0.06 to 0.98 mg/l and 0.16 to 1.93 mg/l respectively. Statistical test (ANOVA) showed that there were no significant difference (p

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Food security : the needs for international treaty on plant genetic resources to ensure smoother flow of genes

Mohd Shukor, N.

Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2010;16(1):15-17.
MyJurnal

Never in the history of modern Malaysia, the general population at all levels are being threatened by food security. Food becoming less available and more expensive. Many factors, both long- and short-term, have contributed to the shortage. At a global level, available data seems to indicate that we have been consuming more than what we produce. Then came the shortfall in global rice production caused by the impact of climate change such as the widespread drought in India and China in 2002, typhoons in the Philippines in 2006, and the major flooding in Bangladesh in 2007. This was followed by the returns of pests such as planthoppers, and the various virus diseases transmitted particularly at regions with growing seasons having abnormally higher temperatures caused by climate change. Since the crisis started, scientists particularly breeders all over the world were requested to strengthen and upgrade the breeding program and facilities for the development of new varieties with increased tolerance to drought, flooding, and salinity as well resistant to insects and diseases. An important pre-requisite for such activities is the free flow of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (pgrfa). The adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has drastically slowed down the movement of many plant genetic resources and this has threatened the future supply of food. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resource for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA or the Treaty) is a global reaction to the rising tide of measures taken by many governments as a result CBD to extend their sovereign control over genetic resources. Many countries felt that those measures are inappropriate for food and agricultural crop genetic resources. The Treaty on the other hand recognizes that access and benefit sharing for agricultural biodiversity must be treated differently from the way it is generally treated under CBD. This paper discusses some of the key points and provisions from the treaty and some issues arising from its negotiation and future implementation in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Profiling of anti-oxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves of salt tolerant and salt sensitive maize hybrids under nac1 and cd stress

Ghulam Hasan Abbasi, Javaid Akhtar, Muhammad Anwar-ul-haq, Moazzam Jamil, Shafaqat Ali, Rafiq Ahmad, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:177-184.

Effects of NaCl salinity and cadmium on the anti-oxidative activity of enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation contents; malondialdehyde (MDA) were studied in two maize hybrids of different salt tolerance characteristics. An increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation indicated the oxidative stress induced by NaCl and Cd. The results also depicted that NaCl stress caused an increase in the activities of POD, SOD, CAT, APX and GR while cadmium stress increased the activities of POD, SOD and APX but showed no significant effect on CAT and GR in both the studied hybrids. The combined effect of salinity and cadmium on these parameters was higher than that of sole effect of either NaCl or Cd. It was also found that maize hybrid 26204 had better tolerance against both stresses with strong antioxidant system as compared to that of maize hybrid 8441. A comparison of the antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in two maize hybrids having varying level of NaCl and Cd stress tolerance corroborated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in defense against abiotic stresses.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Charaterization of mosquito larval habitats in Qatar

Alkhayat FA, Ahmad AH, Rahim J, Dieng H, Ismail BA, Imran M, et al.

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2020 Sep;27(9):2358-2365.
PMID: 32884417 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.006

Mosquito borne diseases have remained a grave threat to human health and are posing a significant burden on health authorities around the globe. The understanding and insight of mosquito breeding habitats features is crucial for their effective management. Comprehensive larval surveys were carried out at 14 sites in Qatar. A total of 443 aquatic habitats were examined, among these 130 were found positive with Culex pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. mattinglyi, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, Oc. caspius and Anopheles stephensi. The majority of positive breeding habitats were recorded in urban areas (67.6%), followed by livestock (13.8%), and least were in agriculture (10.7%). An. stephensi larvae were positively correlated with Cx. pipien, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and negatively with water salinity. Large and shaded habitats were the most preferred by An. stephensi. In addition, Cx. pipiens was positively associated with the turbidity and pH, and was negatively associated with vegetation and habitat size. A negative association of Cx. quinquefasciatus with dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and salinity, while positive with habitat surface area was observed. Oc. dorsalis was negatively correlated with pH, water temperature, depth, and habitat surface area, whereas salinity water was more preferable site for females to lay their eggs. These results demonstrate that environmental factors play a significant role in preference of both anopheline and culicine for oviposition, while their effective management must be developed as the most viable tool to minimize mosquito borne diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Factors influencing the distribution of chl-a along coastal waters of east peninsular Malaysia

F. Shaari, Mustapha MA

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1191-1200.

Determination of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) distribution in the coastal waters is important to understand the coastal environmental conditions. This study was conducted to understand the spatial and temporal distribution of Chl-a along coastal waters of east Peninsular Malaysia and factors influencing its variability using Chl-a data derived from Aqua MODIS satellite (1 km spatial resolution) from January 2006 to December 2012. Chl-a variability was described using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. In-situ data (temperature, salinity, density and nitrate) and rainfall data from the Department of Meteorology were analyzed using spatial interpolation to determine factors influencing the distribution of Chl-a. The seasonal progressions of Chl-a showed high value during northeast monsoon along the coast. This variability was described by four modes of the EOF analysis. The first mode (72.08% of total variance) indicated seasonal cycle with high variability along the coast. Second mode (17.03% of variance) explained the northeast monsoon with high variability from river mouth to the south. Third mode (2.39% of variance) indicated variability during southwest monsoon along the coast and much higher to the south. Mode 4 (1.93% of variance) explained the inter-monsoon period observed along the northern and southern coastline. Concentration and distribution of Chl-a were related to availability of nutrient influenced by rainfall. The thermohaline front was also observed to play an important role in accumulation of phytoplankton biomass during northeast and southwest monsoon.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Comparative transcriptome analysis of leaves and roots in response to sudden increase in salinity in Brassica napus by RNA-seq

Yong HY, Zou Z, Kok EP, Kwan BH, Chow K, Nasu S, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:467395.
PMID: 25177691 DOI: 10.1155/2014/467395

Amphidiploid species in the Brassicaceae family, such as Brassica napus, are more tolerant to environmental stress than their diploid ancestors.A relatively salt tolerant B. napus line, N119, identified in our previous study, was used. N119 maintained lower Na(+) content, and Na(+)/K(+) and Na(+)/Ca(2+) ratios in the leaves than a susceptible line. The transcriptome profiles of both the leaves and the roots 1 h and 12 h after stress were investigated. De novo assembly of individual transcriptome followed by sequence clustering yielded 161,537 nonredundant sequences. A total of 14,719 transcripts were differentially expressed in either organs at either time points. GO and KO enrichment analyses indicated that the same 49 GO terms and seven KO terms were, respectively, overrepresented in upregulated transcripts in both organs at 1 h after stress. Certain overrepresented GO term of genes upregulated at 1 h after stress in the leaves became overrepresented in genes downregulated at 12 h. A total of 582 transcription factors and 438 transporter genes were differentially regulated in both organs in response to salt shock. The transcriptome depicting gene network in the leaves and the roots regulated by salt shock provides valuable information on salt resistance genes for future application to crop improvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Distribution of Recent Ostracoda in offshore sediment of the South China Sea

Ramlan, O., Noraswana, N. F.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2014;22(2):433-444.
MyJurnal

A study on the distribution of Recent Ostracoda in offshore sediment was carried out around the South China Sea. A total of 30 sediment samples were taken from the sampling stations between latitude 1°48’ and 7°25’N and longitude 102°09’ and 105°16’E. From this study, 79 species of ostracods belonging to 16 families and 44 genera were identified. The dominant species was Foveoleberis cypraeoides with 937 individuals obtained. There were 13 to 43 species in total. Diversity Index, H(s), was in the range of 2.1 to 3.3, whereas the dominance values were between 4.4 and 14.7%. Several environmental parameters were measured including depth, temperature and salinity. The range values for each of these parameters are 13-72 m, 25.24-30.06o C and 27.74-34.91 ppt, respectively. The sediment texture in this study area can be categorized as sand, sandy mud, clayey mud, silty mud, silty clay, clayey sand, clayey silt and silty sand. The observations revealed that abundance and diversity of ostracod appeared to be principally controlled by depth. Two faunal assemblages were identified in terms of faunal composition, namely, shallow water (Hemikrithe orientalis, Neomonoceratina iniqua, Stigmatocythere indica, Cytherelloidea leroyi and Neocytheretta snellii) and deep water (Paracypris sp., Alataconcha pterogona, Bythocytheropteron alatum, Keijella paucipunctata and Actinocythereis scutigera). A comparative analysis showed a high degree resemblance between the study area and south-eastern Malay Peninsula (the South China Sea).

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Remotely sensed imagery data application in Mangrove forest: a review

Zulfa, A.W., Norizah, K.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2018;26(3):899-922.
MyJurnal

The mangrove forest ecosystem acts as a shield against the destructive tidal waves, preventing the coastal areas and other properties nearby from severe damages; this protective function certainly deserves attention from researchers to undertake further investigation and exploration. Mangrove forest provides different goods and services. The unique environmental factors affecting the growth of mangrove forest are as follows: distance from the sea or the estuary bank, frequency and duration of tidal inundation, salinity, and composition of the soil. These crucial factors may under certain circumstances turn into obstacles in accessing and managing the mangrove forest. One effective method to circumvent this shortcoming is by using remotely sensed imagery data, which offers a more accurate way of measuring the ecosystem and a more efficient tool of managing the mangrove forest. This paper attempts to review and discuss the usage of remotely sensed imagery data in mangrove forest management, and how they will improve the accuracy and precision in measuring the mangrove forest ecosystem. All types of measurements related to the mangrove forest ecosystem, such as detection of land cover changes, species distribution mapping and disaster observation should take advantage of the advanced technology; for example, adopting the digital image processing algorithm coupled with high-resolution image available nowadays. Thus, remote sensing is a highly efficient, low-cost and time-saving technique for mangrove forest measurement. The application of this technique will further add value to the mangrove forest and enhance its in-situ conservation and protection programmes in combating the effects of the rising sea level due to climate change.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Ultrasound-assisted weak-acid hydrolysis of crystalline starch nanoparticles for chemical enhanced oil recovery

Agi A, Junin R, Arsad A, Abbas A, Gbadamosi A, Azli NB, et al.

Int J Biol Macromol, 2020 Apr 01;148:1251-1271.
PMID: 31760018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.099

Ascorbic acid was used for the first time to synthesize crystalline starch nanoparticles (CSNP). The physical properties of the CSNP were investigated. Rheological properties of the crystalline starch nanofluid (CSNF) were compared with native cassava starch (CS) and commercial polymer xanthan. Interfacial properties of the CSNF at the interface of oil and water (O/W) were investigated at different concentrations and temperatures. Wettability alteration efficiency of CSNF on oil-wet sandstone surface was investigated using the sessile drop method. Core flooding experiment was conducted at reservoir conditions. The methods were effective in producing spherical and polygonal nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 100 nm and increased in crystallinity of 7%. Viscosity increased with increase in surface area and temperature of the CSNF compared to a decrease in viscosity as the temperature increases for xanthan. Interfacial tension (IFT) decreased with increase in concentration of CSNF, electrolyte and temperature. The results show that CSNF can change the wettability of sandstone at low concentration, high salinity and elevated temperature. Pressure drops data shows stability of CSNF at 120 °C. The formation of oil bank was enough to increase oil recovery by 23%.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity
Fulltext Responses to salinity in the littoral earthworm genus Pontodrilus

Seesamut T, Ng B, Sutcharit C, Chanabun R, Panha S

Sci Rep, 2022 Dec 24;12(1):22304.
PMID: 36566279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26099-w

The cosmopolitan littoral earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis is distributed in tropical and sub-tropical coastal habitats, whereas P. longissimus is reported only in the Thai-Malay coastal line. In the present study, we examined the difference in salinity effect on the survival rate, wet weight (hereafter weight) change, behaviour, and osmolality of these two Pontodrilus species. A 28 d exposure to varying salinity concentration (0-50 ppt) revealed that P. litoralis is able to survive over a wide salinity range than P. longissimus, with the latter species exhibiting a low survival rate over the same salinity range. During short-term exposure (0-96 h) to a salinity of less than 30 ppt, P. litoralis exhibited weight gain and this was significant in the first 12 h of exposure. However, P. longissimus gained weight when exposed to salinity at under 10 ppt in the first 72 h of exposure. The two species of Pontodrilus behaved differently when exposed to different salinities. The coelomic fluid osmolarity of Pontodrilus was related to the exposure medium and was mostly maintained as hyperosmotic to the external medium over the range of salinities tested. This study shows how two different species of the littoral earthworm genus Pontodrilus respond to a change in salinity, which may explain their dispersal pattern and shape their distribution pattern throughout Southeast Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity*
Integration of environmental metabolomics and physiological approach for evaluation of saline pollution to rice plant

Ma NL, Lam SD, Che Lah WA, Ahmad A, Rinklebe J, Sonne C, et al.

Environ Pollut, 2021 Oct 01;286:117214.
PMID: 33971466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117214

Salinisation of soil is associated with urban pollution, industrial development and rising sea level. Understanding how high salinity is managed at the plant cellular level is vital to increase sustainable farming output. Previous studies focus on plant stress responses under salinity tolerance. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the mechanisms involved from stress state until the recovery state; our research aims to close this gap. By using the most tolerance genotype (SS1-14) and the most susceptible genotype (SS2-18), comparative physiological, metabolome and post-harvest assessments were performed to identify the underlying mechanisms for salinity stress recovery in plant cells. The up-regulation of glutamine, asparagine and malonic acid were found in recovered-tolerant genotype, suggesting a role in the regulation of panicle branching and spikelet formation for survival. Rice could survive up to 150 mM NaCl (∼15 ds/m) with declined of production rate 5-20% ranged from tolerance to susceptible genotype. This show that rice farming may still be viable on the high saline affected area with the right selection of salt-tolerant species, including glycophytes. The salt recovery biomarkers identified in this study and the adaption underlined could be empowered to address salinity problem in rice field.

Matched MeSH terms: Salinity

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