Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 160 in total

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  1. Fulltext Uniaxial Cyclic Tensile Stretching at 8% Strain Exclusively Promotes Tenogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
    Nam HY, Pingguan-Murphy B, Abbas AA, Merican AM, Kamarul T
    Stem Cells Int, 2019;2019:9723025.
    PMID: 30918524 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9723025
    The present study was conducted to establish the amount of mechanical strain (uniaxial cyclic stretching) required to provide optimal tenogenic differentiation expression in human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in view of its potential application for tendon maintenance and regeneration. Methods. In the present study, hMSCs were subjected to 1 Hz uniaxial cyclic stretching for 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours; and were compared to unstretched cells. Changes in cell morphology were observed under light and atomic force microscopy. The tenogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs were evaluated using biochemical assays, extracellular matrix expressions, and selected mesenchyme gene expression markers; and were compared to primary tenocytes. Results. Cells subjected to loading displayed cytoskeletal coarsening, longer actin stress fiber, and higher cell stiffness as early as 6 hours. At 8% and 12% strains, an increase in collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, and N-cadherin production was observed. Tenogenic gene expressions were highly expressed (p < 0.05) at 8% (highest) and 12%, both comparable to tenocytes. In contrast, the osteoblastic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic marker genes appeared to be downregulated. Conclusion. Our study suggests that mechanical loading at 8% strain and 1 Hz provides exclusive tenogenic differentiation; and produced comparable protein and gene expression to primary tenocytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  2. Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Leading to Obstructive Sleep Apnea
    Shaeran TAT, Samsudin AR
    J Craniofac Surg, 2019 Jun 28.
    PMID: 31261319 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005689
    Temporomandibular joint ankylosis in children commonly lead to difficulty in feeding, poor oral hygiene, retrognathic mandible and obstructive sleep apnea. Surgical release of the ankylosis has always been the standard treatment. The authors report a 12 year old boy with unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis and obstructive sleep apnea underwent surgical release of the ankylosis with successful gain in mouth opening. However, he continued to suffer from obstructive sleep apnea as confirmed by post-operative polysomnography. Orthognathic surgery for mandibular advancement is not favorable due to his young age and mandibular distraction osteogenesis was not a choice. A mandibular advancement device similar to orthodontic myofunctional appliance was the preferred choice in the post-operative period while waiting for definitive retrognathia surgical treatment after skeletal maturity. Surgical release of temporomandibular joint ankylosis corrects the oral problem but does not adequately address the narrow pharyngeal airway space. Assessment of pharyngeal airway with a high suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea is mandatory in the management of TMJ ankylosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis, Distraction
  3. Fulltext Comparison of Interobserver Reliability between Junior and Senior Resident in Assessment of Developmental Dysplasia of The Hip Severity using Tonnis and International Hip Dysplasia Institute Radiological Classification
    Ismiarto YD, Agradi P, Helmi ZN
    Malays Orthop J, 2019 Nov;13(3):60-65.
    PMID: 31890112 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1911.010
    Introduction: The radiographic classification for developmental dysplasia of hip to quantify the severity of disease consist of Tonnis and International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification. The Ossification center of the femoral head in DDH patient more than six months is still vague or eccentric, so the reliability of both classifications is still in question and especially is influenced by the experience of the observer. This study aims to test and compare interobserver reliability in evaluation of DDH patients using IHDI and Tonnis classification assessed by senior and junior orthopaedic residents which had different degree of experience. Materials and Methods: This study used retrospective analysis of pelvic supine AP view radiograph of DDH patients from 2014 to 2017. All three observer groups analysed the pelvis radiographs using Tonnis and IHDI classification. Inter and intra-observer reliability was measured by Cohen's and Fleiss Kappa method, respectively. Results: The Fleiss Kappa value for 15 radiographs of DDH patients assessed by senior residents using Tonnis and IHDI classification are 0.715 and 0.832 and result of Fleiss Kappa value assessed by junior residents are 0.577 and 0.845, respectively. Intra-observer reliability for Tonnis classification was lower in junior group compared to other two groups but showed almost perfect value in all groups for IHDI classification. Conclusion: Significantly different results were noted between junior and senior residents in assessing DDH severity, with higher diagnostic reliability in senior residents compared to junior residents. In general, junior resident has less clinical experiences in many aspects in comparison with the seniors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  4. Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Sinus Membrane Osteogenicity Subsequent to Internal Sinus Lifting and Implant Placement
    Qabbani AA, Bayatti SWA, Hasan H, Samsudin AB, Kawas SA
    J Craniofac Surg, 2020 1 3;31(3):e233-e236.
    PMID: 31895847 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006106
    To evaluate the ability of the maxillary sinus membrane to produce bone after internal sinus lifting and implant placement without adding exogenous bone graft, and to assess the quality of bone that has been produced 6 months postoperatively.In this retrospective study, 10 subjects who underwent maxillary sinus floor lifting and met the inclusion criteria were selected and then subdivided into: Group-A underwent internal sinus elevation and placement of implants without the use of bone graft and Group-B underwent classical internal sinus lifting and placement of bovine bone particles and then placement of the implant as a control group. Radiofrequency analysis (RFA) values for measuring the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of all implants were measured by Osstell device. CBCT was performed involving linear measurements of the site of sinus lifting for both groups.High RFA values demonstrating excellent biomechanical stability were observed in Group-A compared to Group-B at 6 months postoperatively. Group-A showed a median of ISQ value;78 (8), 77(12), 79(3.5) and 77(4.50). Group-A was significantly higher in ISQ values than Group-B, which showed median and interquartile range (IQR) of ISQ value of [51(12.50), 54(14.50), 55(9), and 55(7.50)]. However, the amount of bone available in group B was significantly higher than group A; [3.5 mm (0.75) and 3.8 mm (0.69)].Internal sinus lifting without bone graft has the ability of bone formation by osteogenic potential of the sinus membrane. Nevertheless, the high quality of bone being produced is of high importance for the success of an implant without the need for an exogenous bone graft. The newly formed bone was significantly of a better quality in Group-A. Thus, it is recommended to perform internal sinus lifting, without adding bone graft material and allow the osteogenic potential of the maxillary sinus membrane to produce its own osteogenic cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  5. Fulltext Dihydrotestosterone, a robust promoter of osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation: understanding of time-mannered and dose-dependent control of bone forming cells
    Thu HE, Mohamed IN, Hussain Z, Shuid AN
    Iran J Basic Med Sci, 2017 Aug;20(8):894-904.
    PMID: 29085581 DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2017.9111
    OBJECTIVES: The present study was aimed to evaluate the time-mannered and dose-dependent effects of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) on the proliferation and differentiation of bone forming cells using MC3T3-E1 cells.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell proliferation was analyzed using MTS and phase contrast microscopic assays. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed through a series of in vitro experiments including crystal violet staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and Van Gieson (VG) staining. Taken together, the efficiency of bone mineralization was examined by using alizarin red s (ARS) staining, Von Kossa staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis.

    RESULTS: The resulting data revealed that 5α-DHT exhibits promising potential particularly at a dose of 0.1 ng/ml, in promoting the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to the control group (CN). Moreover, a significantly higher ALP activity was evident in the experimental group treated with 5α-DHT compared to the CN group at various time intervals. MC3T3-E1 cells treated with 5α-DHT also expressed a remarkably higher collagen deposition and mineralization (calcium and phosphate contents) compared to the CN group at various time intervals.

    CONCLUSION: Conclusively, we suggest that 5α-DHT exhibits outstanding potential of promoting proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts which could be the in vitro basis for the efficacy of 5α-DHT in the treatment of androgen-deficient male osteoporosis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  6. Fulltext Exploring molecular mechanism of bone-forming capacity of Eurycoma longifolia: Evidence of enhanced expression of bone-related biomarkers
    Thu HE, Mohamed IN, Hussain Z, Shuid AN
    J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2017 11 13;9(4):272-280.
    PMID: 29146110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.04.005
    BACKGROUND: Among the numerous well-documented medicinal herbs, Eurycoma longifolia (EL) has gained remarkable recognition due to its promising efficacy of stimulating bone formation in androgen-deficient osteoporosis. Though numerous animal studies have explored the bone-forming capacity of EL, the exact mechanism was yet to be explored.

    OBJECTIVE(S): The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of bone-forming capacity of EL using MC3T3-E1 as an in vitro osteoblastic model.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cell differentiation capacity of EL was investigated by evaluating cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen deposition and mineralization. Taken together, time-mannered expression of bone-related mediators which include bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), ALP, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2), osteocalcin (OCN), type I collagen, osteopontin (OPN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and androgen receptor (AR) were measured to comprehend bone-forming mechanism of EL.

    RESULTS: Results demonstrated a superior cell differentiation efficacy of EL (particularly at a dose of 25 μg/mL) that was evidenced by dramatically increased cell growth, higher ALP activity, collagen deposition and mineralization compared to the testosterone. Results analysis of the bone-related protein biomarkers indicated that the expression of these mediators was well-regulated in EL-treated cell cultures compared to the control groups. These findings revealed potential molecular mechanism of EL for the prevention and treatment of male osteoporosis.

    CONCLUSION: The resulting data suggested that EL exhibited superior efficacy in stimulating bone formation via up-regulating the expression of various mitogenic proteins and thus can be considered as a potential natural alternative therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  7. Crouzon Syndrome: A Case Series of Craniomaxillofacial Distraction Osteogenesis for Functional Rehabilitation
    Hariri F, Abdul Rahman ZA, Bahuri NFA, Azmi MN, Abdullah NA, Ganesan D
    J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2018 03;76(3):646.e1-646.e12.
    PMID: 29268076 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.11.029
    Crouzon syndrome (CS) is the most common craniosynostosis syndrome and requires a comprehensive management strategy for the optimization of care and functional rehabilitation. This report presents a case series of 6 pediatric patients diagnosed with CS who were treated with distraction osteogenesis (DO) to treat serious functional issues involving severe orbital proptosis, an obstructed nasopharyngeal airway, and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Three boy and 3 girls were 8 months to 6 years old at the time of the operation. The mean skeletal advancement was 16.1 mm (range, 10 to 27 mm) with a mean follow-up of 31.7 months (range, 13 to 48 months). Reasonable and successful outcomes were achieved in most patients as evidenced by adequate eye protection, absence of signs and symptoms of increased ICP, and tracheostomy tube decannulation except in 1 patient. Complications were difficult fixation of external stabilizing pins in the distraction device (n = 1) and related to surgery (n = 4). Although DO can be considered very technical and can have potentially serious complications, the technique produces favorable functional and clinical outcomes in treating severe CS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis, Distraction
  8. Effect of Piezoelectric Sutural Ostectomies on Accelerated Bone-Borne Sutural Expansion
    Alyessary AS, Yap AUJ, Othman SA, Rahman MT, Radzi Z
    J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2018 03;76(3):616-630.
    PMID: 28893543 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.08.018
    PURPOSE: The present study investigated the effect of piezoelectric sutural ostectomies on accelerated bone-borne sutural expansion.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen male New Zealand white rabbits (20 to 24 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 4): group 1, conventional rapid sutural expansion; group 2, accelerated sutural expansion; group 3, accelerated sutural expansion with continuous ostectomy; and group 4, accelerated sutural expansion with discontinuous ostectomy. All sutural ostectomies were performed using a piezoelectric instrument (Woodpecker DTE, DS-II, Guangxi, China) before expander application with the rabbits under anesthesia. Modified hyrax expanders were placed across the midsagittal sutures of the rabbits and secured with miniscrew implants located bilaterally in the frontal bone. The hyrax expanders were activated 0.5 mm/day for 12 days (group 1) or with a 2.5-mm initial expansion, followed by 0.5 mm/day for 7 days (groups 2 to 4). After 6 weeks of retention, the bone volume fraction, sutural separation, and new bone formation were evaluated using micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman's rho correlation (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  9. Fulltext A comparison study of dental pulp stem cells derived from healthy and orthodontically intruded human permanent teeth for mesenchymal stem cell characterisation
    Lau MN, Kunasekaran W, On YY, Tan LJ, Zaharin NA, H A Ghani S, et al.
    PLoS One, 2022;17(12):e0279129.
    PMID: 36574419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279129
    The objective of this study was to compare the characteristics of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) derived from healthy human permanent teeth with those that were orthodontically-intruded to serve as potential Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC). Recruited subjects were treated with orthodontic intrusion on one side of the maxillary first premolar while the opposite side served as the control for a period of six weeks before the dental pulp was extracted. Isolated DPSCs from both the control and intruded samples were analyzed, looking at the morphology, growth kinetics, cell surface marker profile, and multilineage differentiation for MSC characterisation. Our study showed that cells isolated from both groups were able to attach to the cell culture flask, exhibited fibroblast-like morphology under light microscopy, able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages as well as tested positive for MSCs cell surface markers CD90 and CD105 but negative for haematopoietic cell surface markers CD34 and HLA-DR. Both groups displayed a trend of gradually increasing population doubling time from passage 1 to passage 5. Viable DPSCs from both groups were successfully recovered from their cryopreserved state. In conclusion, DPSCs in the dental pulp of upper premolar not only remained viable after 6 weeks of orthodontic intrusion using fixed appliances but also able to develop into MSCs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  10. Fulltext Synergistic Effect of Static Magnetic Fields and 3D-Printed Iron-Oxide-Nanoparticle-Containing Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
    Kao CY, Lin TL, Lin YH, Lee AK, Ng SY, Huang TH, et al.
    Cells, 2022 Dec 08;11(24).
    PMID: 36552731 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243967
    In scaffold-regulated bone regeneration, most three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds do not provide physical stimulation to stem cells. In this study, a magnetic scaffold was fabricated using fused deposition modeling with calcium silicate (CS), iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4), and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) as the matrix for internal magnetic sources. A static magnetic field was used as an external magnetic source. It was observed that 5% Fe3O4 provided a favorable combination of compressive strength (9.6 ± 0.9 MPa) and degradation rate (21.6 ± 1.9% for four weeks). Furthermore, the Fe3O4-containing scaffold increased in vitro bioactivity and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells' (WJMSCs) adhesion. Moreover, it was shown that the Fe3O4-containing scaffold enhanced WJMSCs' proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the osteogenic-related proteins of the scaffold. Under the synergistic effect of the static magnetic field, the CS scaffold containing Fe3O4 can not only enhance cell activity but also stimulate the simultaneous secretion of collagen I and osteocalcin. Overall, our results demonstrated that Fe3O4-containing CS/PCL scaffolds could be fabricated three dimensionally and combined with a static magnetic field to affect cell behaviors, potentially increasing the likelihood of clinical applications for bone tissue engineering.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  11. Fulltext Electroactive Biomaterials for Facilitating Bone Defect Repair under Pathological Conditions
    Heng BC, Bai Y, Li X, Lim LW, Li W, Ge Z, et al.
    Adv Sci (Weinh), 2023 Jan;10(2):e2204502.
    PMID: 36453574 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204502
    Bone degeneration associated with various diseases is increasing due to rapid aging, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy diets. Living bone tissue has bioelectric properties critical to bone remodeling, and bone degeneration under various pathological conditions results in significant changes to these bioelectric properties. There is growing interest in utilizing biomimetic electroactive biomaterials that recapitulate the natural electrophysiological microenvironment of healthy bone tissue to promote bone repair. This review first summarizes the etiology of degenerative bone conditions associated with various diseases such as type II diabetes, osteoporosis, periodontitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteomyelitis, and metastatic osteolysis. Next, the diverse array of natural and synthetic electroactive biomaterials with therapeutic potential are discussed. Putative mechanistic pathways by which electroactive biomaterials can mitigate bone degeneration are critically examined, including the enhancement of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, suppression of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, as well as their anti-bacterial effects. Finally, the limited research on utilization of electroactive biomaterials in the treatment of bone degeneration associated with the aforementioned diseases are examined. Previous studies have mostly focused on using electroactive biomaterials to treat bone traumatic injuries. It is hoped that this review will encourage more research efforts on the use of electroactive biomaterials for treating degenerative bone conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  12. Rapid growth and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human bone marrow
    Shima WN, Ali AM, Subramani T, Mohamed Alitheen NB, Hamid M, Samsudin AR, et al.
    Exp Ther Med, 2015 Jun;9(6):2202-2206.
    PMID: 26136960
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are involved in bone formation in the embryo, bone repair and remodeling. The differentiation of these cells is a complex multistep pathway that involves discrete cellular transitions and is similar to that which occurs during hematopoiesis. MSCs have self-renewal capacity without differentiation in long-term culture. In the present study, MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow and characterized by the presence of cluster of differentiation 105 marker using the labeled streptavidin biotin method. The MSCs were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, ascorbic acid, β-glycerol phosphate and dexamethasone to differentiate into osteoblasts. Biological in vitro analysis showed the rapid proliferation of the MSCs. Further evaluation of specific osteogenic markers using von Kossa staining and the alkaline phosphate assay demonstrated that the MSCs were stimulated to differentiate into osteoblast-lineage cells. This mesengenic potential indicated that the bone marrow-derived cells were multipotent MSCs. The findings of this study show that bone marrow can be a legitimate source of MSCs for the production of osteoblasts for utilization in bone replacement therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  13. Functionalization of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nano‑calcium sulphate and fucoidan 3D scaffold using human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells for bone tissue engineering application
    Shaz N, Maran S, Genasan K, Choudhary R, Alias R, Swamiappan S, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Jan;256(Pt 1):128059.
    PMID: 37989428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128059
    This study aimed to functionalize a novel porous PLGA (Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite scaffold in combination with nano‑calcium sulphate (nCS) and/or fucoidan (FU) to induce osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. The composite scaffolds (PLGA-nCS-FU, PLGA-nCS or PLGA-FU) were fabricated and subjected to characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The biocompatibility and osteogenic induction potential of scaffolds on seeded human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) were studied using cell attachment and alamar blue cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and osteogenic gene expression, respectively. The composition of different groups was reflected in FTIR, XRD and EDX. The SEM micrographs revealed a difference in the surface of the scaffold before and after FU addition. The confocal imaging and SEM micrographs confirmed the attachment of cells onto all three composite scaffolds. However, the AB assay indicated a significant increase (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  14. Fulltext Vitamin E as an Antiosteoporotic Agent via Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand Signaling Disruption: Current Evidence and Other Potential Research Areas
    Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:747020.
    PMID: 22919420 DOI: 10.1155/2012/747020
    Osteoporosis is a growing healthcare burden that affects the quality of life in the aging population. Vitamin E is a potential prophylactic agent that can impede the progression of osteoporosis. Various in vivo studies demonstrated the antiosteoporotic potential of vitamin E, but evidence on its molecular mechanism of action is limited. A few in vitro studies showed that various forms of vitamin E can affect the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) signaling and their molecular targets, thus preventing the formation of osteoclasts in the early stage of osteoclastogenesis. Various studies have also shown that the effects of the different isoforms of vitamin E differ. The effects of single isoforms and combinations of isoforms on bone metabolism are also different. Vitamin E may affect bone metabolism by disruption of free radical-mediated RANKL signaling, by its oestrogen-like effects, by its effects on the molecular mechanism of bone formation, by the anti-inflammatory effects of its long-chain metabolites on bone cells, and by the inhibition of 3-hydroxyl-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). In conclusion, the vitamin E isoforms have enormous potential to be used as prophylactic and therapeutic agents in preventing osteoporosis, but further studies should be conducted to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  15. Fulltext Effects of Low-Dose versus High-Dose γ-Tocotrienol on the Bone Cells Exposed to the Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis
    Abd Manan N, Mohamed N, Shuid AN
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:680834.
    PMID: 22956976 DOI: 10.1155/2012/680834
    Oxidative stress and apoptosis can disrupt the bone formation activity of osteoblasts which can lead to osteoporosis. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of γ-tocotrienol on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activities, and apoptosis of osteoblast exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Osteoblasts were treated with 1, 10, and 100 μM of γ-tocotrienol for 24 hours before being exposed to 490 μM (IC(50)) H(2)O(2) for 2 hours. Results showed that γ-tocotrienol prevented the malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation induced by H(2)O(2) in a dose-dependent manner. As for the antioxidant enzymes assays, all doses of γ-tocotrienol were able to prevent the reduction in SOD and CAT activities, but only the dose of 1 μM of GTT was able to prevent the reduction in GPx. As for the apoptosis assays, γ-tocotrienol was able to reduce apoptosis at the dose of 1 and 10 μM. However, the dose of 100 μM of γ-tocotrienol induced an even higher apoptosis than H(2)O(2). In conclusion, low doses of γ-tocotrienol offered protection for osteoblasts against H(2)O(2) toxicity, but itself caused toxicity at the high doses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  16. Fulltext Effects of palm vitamin e on bone-formation-related gene expression in nicotine-treated rats
    Abukhadir SS, Mohamed N, Makpol S, Muhammad N
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:656025.
    PMID: 23049610 DOI: 10.1155/2012/656025
    The study determines the effects of palm vitamin E on the gene expression of bone-formation-related genes in nicotine-treated rats. Male rats were divided into three groups: normal saline olive oil (NSO), nicotine olive oil (NO), and nicotine palm vitamin E (NE). The treatment was carried out in 2 phases. During the first 2 months, the NSO group received normal saline while the NO and NE groups received nicotine 7 mg/kg, 6 days a week, intraperitoneally. The following 2 months, normal saline and nicotine administration was stopped and was replaced with oral supplementation of olive oil for the NSO and NO groups and oral supplementation of palm vitamin E (60 mg/kg) for the NE group. Both femurs were harvested to determine the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), Osterix (OSX), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Nicotine significantly downregulated the gene expression. This effect was reversed by palm vitamin E treatment. In conclusion, palm vitamin E may play a role in osteoblast differentiation and can be considered as an anabolic agent to treat nicotine-induced osteoporosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  17. Fulltext Vitamin e and the healing of bone fracture: the current state of evidence
    Borhanuddin B, Mohd Fozi NF, Naina Mohamed I
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:684510.
    PMID: 23304211 DOI: 10.1155/2012/684510
    Background. The effect of vitamin E on health-related conditions has been extensively researched, with varied results. However, to date, there was no published review of the effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing. Purpose. This paper systematically audited past studies of the effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing. Methods. Related articles were identified from Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Screenings were performed based on the criteria that the study must be an original study that investigated the independent effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing. Data were extracted using standardised forms, followed by evaluation of quality of reporting using ARRIVE Guidelines, plus recalculation procedure for the effect size and statistical power of the results. Results. Six animal studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The study methods were heterogeneous with mediocre reporting quality and focused on the antioxidant-related mechanism of vitamin E. The metasynthesis showed α-tocopherol may have a significant effect on bone formation during the normal bone remodeling phase of secondary bone healing. Conclusion. In general, the effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing remained inconclusive due to the small number of heterogeneous and mediocre studies included in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  18. Fulltext An overview of bone cells and their regulating factors of differentiation
    Mohamed AM
    Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Jan;15(1):4-12.
    PMID: 22589609 MyJurnal
    Bone is a specialised connective tissue and together with cartilage forms the strong and rigid endoskeleton. These tissues serve three main functions: scaffold for muscle attachment for locomotion, protection for vital organs and soft tissues and reservoir of ions for the entire organism especially calcium and phosphate. One of the most unique and important properties of bone is its ability to constantly undergo remodelling even after growth and modelling of the skeleton have been completed. Remodelling processes enable the bone to respond and adapt to changing functional situations. Bone is composed of various types of cells and collagenous extracellular organic matrix, which is predominantly type I collagen (85-95%) called osteoid that becomes mineralised by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite. The non-collagenous constituents are composed of proteins and proteoglycans, which are specific to bone and the dental hard connective tissues. Maintenance of appropriate bone mass depends upon the precise balance of bone formation and bone resorption which is facilitated by the ability of osteoblastic cells to regulate the rate of both differentiation and activity of osteoclasts as well as to form new bone. An overview of genetics and molecular mechanisms that involved in the differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis
  19. Fulltext Repair of segmental load-bearing bone defect by autologous mesenchymal stem cells and plasma-derived fibrin impregnated ceramic block results in early recovery of limb function
    Ng MH, Duski S, Tan KK, Yusof MR, Low KC, Rose IM, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:345910.
    PMID: 25165699 DOI: 10.1155/2014/345910
    Calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes have not been used to repair load-bearing bone defects due to their weak mechanical property. In this study, we reevaluated the functional outcomes of combining ceramic block with osteogenic-induced mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma (TEB) to repair critical-sized segmental tibial defect. Comparisons were made with fresh marrow-impregnated ceramic block (MIC) and partially demineralized allogeneic bone block (ALLO). Six New Zealand White female rabbits were used in each study group and three rabbits with no implants were used as negative controls. By Day 90, 4/6 rabbits in TEB group and 2/6 in ALLO and MIC groups resumed normal gait pattern. Union was achieved significantly faster in TEB group with a radiological score of 4.50 ± 0.78 versus ALLO (1.06 ± 0.32), MIC (1.28 ± 0.24), and negative controls (0). Histologically, TEB group scored the highest percentage of new bone (82% ± 5.1%) compared to ALLO (5% ± 2.5%) and MIC (26% ± 5.2%). Biomechanically, TEB-treated tibiae achieved the highest compressive strength (43.50 ± 12.72 MPa) compared to those treated with ALLO (15.15 ± 3.57 MPa) and MIC (23.28 ± 6.14 MPa). In conclusion, TEB can repair critical-sized segmental load-bearing bone defects and restore limb function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis/drug effects*
  20. Beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment of osteoporosis on ovariectomised rat models
    Rufus P, Mohamed N, Shuid AN
    Curr Drug Targets, 2013 Dec;14(14):1689-93.
    PMID: 24354584
    Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that affects both men and women worldwide. It causes low bone mass and therefore increases bone susceptibility to fracture when bone undergoes a minor trauma. Lack of estrogen is the principal cause of osteoporosis. Estrogen, calcium, calcitonin, vitamin D and several antioxidants help in the prevention of osteoporosis. In order to effectively treat osteoporosis, there has been an extended research on the biological activities of traditional medicines since synthetic medicines possess several side effects that reduce their efficacy. Therefore, there is a need to develop new treatment alternatives for osteoporosis. This review centres on the scientific researches carried out on the evaluation of Chinese traditional medicines in the treatment of osteoporosis. Various plants like Achyranthes bidentata, Davallia formosana, polygonatum sibiricum, Cibotium barometz, Er-Zhi-Wan, Curculigo orchioides and a combined treatment of Hachimi-jio-gan (Ba-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan) with alendronate proved active in preventing post-menopausal osteoporosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis/drug effects
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