Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 311 in total

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  1. Modelling of internal architecture of kinesin nanomotor as a machine language
    Khataee HR, Ibrahim MY
    IET Nanobiotechnol, 2012 Sep;6(3):87-92.
    PMID: 22894532 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2011.0062
    Kinesin is a protein-based natural nanomotor that transports molecular cargoes within cells by walking along microtubules. Kinesin nanomotor is considered as a bio-nanoagent which is able to sense the cell through its sensors (i.e. its heads and tail), make the decision internally and perform actions on the cell through its actuator (i.e. its motor domain). The study maps the agent-based architectural model of internal decision-making process of kinesin nanomotor to a machine language using an automata algorithm. The applied automata algorithm receives the internal agent-based architectural model of kinesin nanomotor as a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) model and generates a regular machine language. The generated regular machine language was acceptable by the architectural DFA model of the nanomotor and also in good agreement with its natural behaviour. The internal agent-based architectural model of kinesin nanomotor indicates the degree of autonomy and intelligence of the nanomotor interactions with its cell. Thus, our developed regular machine language can model the degree of autonomy and intelligence of kinesin nanomotor interactions with its cell as a language. Modelling of internal architectures of autonomous and intelligent bio-nanosystems as machine languages can lay the foundation towards the concept of bio-nanoswarms and next phases of the bio-nanorobotic systems development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures/ultrastructure*
  2. Fulltext Seed/catalyst-free vertical growth of high-density electrodeposited zinc oxide nanostructures on a single-layer graphene
    Aziz NS, Mahmood MR, Yasui K, Hashim AM
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014 Feb 26;9(1):95.
    PMID: 24568668 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-95
    We report the seed/catalyst-free vertical growth of high-density electrodeposited ZnO nanostructures on a single-layer graphene. The absence of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and heat has resulted in the formation of nanoflake-like ZnO structure. The results show that HMTA and heat are needed to promote the formation of hexagonal ZnO nanostructures. The applied current density plays important role in inducing the growth of ZnO on graphene as well as in controlling the shape, size, and density of ZnO nanostructures. High density of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods comparable to other methods was obtained. The quality of the ZnO nanostructures also depended strongly on the applied current density. The growth mechanism was proposed. According to the growth timing chart, the growth seems to involve two stages which are the formation of ZnO nucleation and the enhancement of the vertical growth of nanorods. ZnO/graphene hybrid structure provides several potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics such as photovoltaic devices, sensing devices, optical devices, and photodetectors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  3. Fulltext Gas sensors based on one dimensional nanostructured metal-oxides: a review
    Arafat MM, Dinan B, Akbar SA, Haseeb AS
    Sensors (Basel), 2012;12(6):7207-58.
    PMID: 22969344 DOI: 10.3390/s120607207
    Recently one dimensional (1-D) nanostructured metal-oxides have attracted much attention because of their potential applications in gas sensors. 1-D nanostructured metal-oxides provide high surface to volume ratio, while maintaining good chemical and thermal stabilities with minimal power consumption and low weight. In recent years, various processing routes have been developed for the synthesis of 1-D nanostructured metal-oxides such as hydrothermal, ultrasonic irradiation, electrospinning, anodization, sol-gel, molten-salt, carbothermal reduction, solid-state chemical reaction, thermal evaporation, vapor-phase transport, aerosol, RF sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapor deposition, gas-phase assisted nanocarving, UV lithography and dry plasma etching. A variety of sensor fabrication processing routes have also been developed. Depending on the materials, morphology and fabrication process the performance of the sensor towards a specific gas shows a varying degree of success. This article reviews and evaluates the performance of 1-D nanostructured metal-oxide gas sensors based on ZnO, SnO(2), TiO(2), In(2)O(3), WO(x), AgVO(3), CdO, MoO(3), CuO, TeO(2) and Fe(2)O(3). Advantages and disadvantages of each sensor are summarized, along with the associated sensing mechanism. Finally, the article concludes with some future directions of research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  4. Nanostructured SnO2-Ge Multi-layer thin Films with Quantum Confinement Effects for Solar Cell
    Khan AF, Sajjad W, Rahim NA
    Recent Pat Nanotechnol, 2016;10(1):77-82.
    PMID: 27018275
    BACKGROUND: It is well-known that multi-layer films with nanostructure can give novel properties by interfacial phenomenon and quantum confinement effects. Nanostructured multi-layer thin films are presently being analyzed for their vast applications in the area of optoelectronics technology particularly photovoltaics. Hereof, two dimensional thin films with nanostructure are of prime importance due to their structure dependent optical, electrical, and opto-electronic properties. It has been revealed that these films exhibit quantum confinement effects with band gap engineering. The main focus of the research is to evaluate the effect on structural and optical properties with number of layers.

    METHODS: Nanostructured SnO2-Ge multi-layer thin films were fabricated using electron beam evaporation and resistive heating techniques. Alternate layers of SnO2 and Ge were deposited on glass substrate at a substrate temperature of 300 °C in order to obtain uniform and homogeneous deposition. The substrate temperature of 300 °C has been determined to be effective for the deposition of these multi-layer films from our previous studies. The films were characterized by investigating their structural and optical properties. The structural properties of the as-deposited films were characterized by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) and Raman spectroscopy and optical properties by Ultra-Violet-Near infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) spectroscopy.

    RESULTS: RBS studies confirmed that the layer structure has been effectively formed. Raman spectroscopy results show that the peaks of both Ge and SnO2 shifts towards lower wavenumbers (in comparison with bulk Ge and SnO2, suggesting that the films consist of nanostructures and demonstrate quantum confinement effects. UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy showed an increase in the band gap energy of Ge and SnO2 and shifting of transmittance curves toward higher wavelength by increasing the number of layers. The band gap lies in the range of 0.9 to 1.2 eV for Ge, while for SnO2, it lies between 1.7 to 2.1 eV.

    CONCLUSION: Analysis of results suggests that the nanostructured SnO2-Ge multi-layer thin film can work as heterojunction materials with quantum confinement effects. Accordingly, the present SnO2-Ge multi-layer films may be employed for photovoltaic applications. Few relevant patents to the topic have been reviewed and cited.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  5. Multi-dimensional zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoarchitectures as efficient photocatalysts: What is the fundamental factor that determines photoactivity in ZnO?
    Chang JS, Strunk J, Chong MN, Poh PE, Ocon JD
    J Hazard Mater, 2020 01 05;381:120958.
    PMID: 31416043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120958
    While bulk zinc oxide (ZnO) is of non-toxic in nature, ZnO nanoarchitectures could potentially induce the macroscopic characteristics of oxidative, lethality and toxicity in the water environment. Here we report a systematic study through state-of-the-art controllable synthesis of multi-dimensional ZnO nanoarchitectures (i.e. 0D-nanoparticle, 1D-nanorod, 2D-nanosheet, and 3D-nanoflowers), and subsequent in-depth understanding on the fundamental factor that determines their photoactivities. The photoactivities of resultant ZnO nanoarchitectures were interpreted in terms of the photodegradation of salicylic acid as well as inactivation of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli under UV-A irradiation. Photodegradation results showed that 1D-ZnO nanorods demonstrated the highest salicylic acid photodegradation efficiency (99.4%) with a rate constant of 0.0364 min-1. 1D-ZnO nanorods also exhibited the highest log reductions of B. subtilis and E. coli of 3.5 and 4.2, respectively. Through physicochemical properties standardisation, an intermittent higher k value for pore diameter (0.00097 min-1 per mm), the highest k values for crystallite size (0.00171 min-1 per nm) and specific surface area (0.00339 min-1 per m2/g) contributed to the exceptional photodegradation performance of nanorods. Whereas, the average normalised log reduction against the physicochemical properties of nanorods (i.e. low crystallite size, high specific surface area and pore diameter) caused the strongest bactericidal effect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures/radiation effects*; Nanostructures/ultrastructure; Nanostructures/chemistry*
  6. Synthesis of γ-Fe2 O3, Fe3 O4 and Copper Doped Fe3 O4 by sonochemical method
    Mohanraj K, Sivakumar G
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1935-1942.
    Nanoparticles of undoped and copper doped with Fe3
    O4 of three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) are synthesized by
    sonochemical method. Structural, optical and morphological properties of these compounds were studied. Fe2+/Fe3+
    ratio is found to be 2.36. Crystalline structure, lattice parameters, surface morphologies, direct and indirect band gap
    energies of the synthesized compounds were estimated and the results are discussed in detail. The XDR analysis indicates
    the Cu doped Fe3
    O4
    nanoparticles have higher crystallinity than undoped samples. Average crystallite size is found
    to increase as Cu concentration increased. The FTIR results are proven by the presence of mixed magnetite-hematite
    nanostructures and it is complement to the XRD results. The presence of spherical, polygonal and agglomeration forms
    of the particles are visually seen in the SEM images. Direct and indirect band gap energy is found to be decreased as the
    copper concentration was increased.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  7. Measuring Ultrafast Spectral Diffusion and Correlation Dynamics by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy
    Do TN, Khyasudeen MF, Nowakowski PJ, Zhang Z, Tan HS
    Chem Asian J, 2019 Nov 18;14(22):3992-4000.
    PMID: 31595651 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900994
    The frequency fluctuation correlation function (FFCF) measures the spectral diffusion of a state's transition while the frequency fluctuation cross-correlation function (FXCF) measures the correlation dynamics between the transitions of two separate states. These quantities contain a wealth of information on how the chromophores or excitonic states interact and couple with its environment and with each other. We summarize the experimental implementations and theoretical considerations of using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to characterize FFCFs and FXCFs. Applications can be found in systems such as the chlorophyll pigment molecules in light-harvesting complexes and CdSe nanomaterials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  8. Fulltext Current Trends in the Application of Nanomaterials for the Removal of Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater Treatment-A Review
    Palani G, Arputhalatha A, Kannan K, Lakkaboyana SK, Hanafiah MM, Kumar V, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 May 10;26(9).
    PMID: 34068541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092799
    In the recent decades, development of new and innovative technology resulted in a very high amount of effluents. Industrial wastewaters originating from various industries contribute as a major source of water pollution. The pollutants in the wastewater include organic and inorganic pollutants, heavy metals, and non-disintegrating materials. This pollutant poses a severe threat to the environment. Therefore, novel and innovative methods and technologies need to adapt for their removal. Recent years saw nanomaterials as a potential candidate for pollutants removal. Nowadays, a range of cost-effective nanomaterials are available with unique properties. In this context, nano-absorbents are excellent materials. Heavy metal contamination is widespread in underground and surface waters. Recently, various studies focused on the removal of heavy metals. The presented review article here focused on removal of contaminants originated from industrial wastewater utilizing nanomaterials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  9. Fulltext Direct synthesis of nanodiamonds by femtosecond laser irradiation of ethanol
    Nee CH, Yap SL, Tou TY, Chang HC, Yap SS
    Sci Rep, 2016 Sep 23;6:33966.
    PMID: 27659184 DOI: 10.1038/srep33966
    Carbon nanomaterials exhibit novel characteristics including enhanced thermal, electrical, mechanical, and biological properties. Nanodiamonds; first discovered in meteorites are found to be biocompatible, non-toxic and have distinct optical properties. Here we show that nanodiamonds with the size of <5 nm are formed directly from ethanol via 1025 nm femtosecond laser irradiation. The absorption of laser energy by ethanol increased non-linearly above 100 μJ accompanied by a white light continuum arises from fs laser filamentation. At laser energy higher than 300 μJ, emission spectra of C, O and H in the plasma were detected, indicating the dissociation of C2H5OH. Nucleation of the carbon species in the confined plasma within the laser filaments leads to the formation of nanodiamonds. The energy dependence and the roles of the nonlinear phenomenon to the formation of homogeneous nanodiamonds are discussed. This work brings new possibility for bottom-up nanomaterials synthesis based on nano and ultrafast laser physics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  10. Fulltext Morphology tuning of ZnO nanostructures grown on zinc foil using facile and low temperature hydrothermal method
    Daud, S.N.H., Chiu, W.S., Aspanut, Z., Khiew, P.S.
    Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, 2015;11(1):50-55.
    MyJurnal
    Current study report the growth of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) by a facile and low temperature method on Zinc (Zn) foil in deionized (DI) water. These ZnO NRs have a typical length of 500-700 nm and average diameter of 50-70 nm. By using different volume of DI water, the morphology of ZnO nanostructures are tunable from rod-like to flower-like structures. Under the presence of Zn nitrate precursor, mixture of rod/wall-like structures are formed. Both of ZnO NRs and combined nanorods/nanowalls render higher diffraction for the (002) peak reveals, which implies preferred orientation growth along c-axis take place. However, photoluminescence (PL) study indicates that ZnO NRs have strong emission located at ~380 nm if compared to that of combined ZnO nanorods/nanowalls. This shows that ZnO NRs have higher-densities of defects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  11. Fulltext Molecular Dynamics Study of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Nanostructure Distortion in a Soft Lithography Demolding Process
    Abdul Manap AH, Md Izah SS, Mohamed K
    ACS Omega, 2019 Dec 03;4(23):20257-20264.
    PMID: 31815228 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02547
    This study aims at investigating the distortion of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) nanostructures in a soft lithography demolding process using molecular dynamics simulation. Experimental results show that after peeling, PDMS nanopillars became 10-60% longer in height than the mold size. Molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to plot the stress-strain curve of the nanopillars when subjected to uniaxial stress. Three force fields (COMPASS, CVFF, and PCFF) were used for modeling. The demolding process in soft lithography and nanoimprint lithography causes significant deformation in replication. The experimental results show clear signs of elongation after demolding. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to study the stress-strain relationship of the PDMS nanopillars. The results from the simulation show that a PDMS nanopillar at temperature T = 300 K under tensile stress shows characteristics of flexible plastic under tensile stress and has a lower Young's modulus, ultimate tensile stress, and Poisson's ratio.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  12. Fabrication of silicon oxide nanodot arrays by scanning probe lithography
    Hutagalung SD, Darsono T, Khatijah A. Yaacob
    Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37.
    Atomic force microscopes (AFM) as one of the scanning probe microscopy (spm) modes have become useful tools, not only for observing surface morphology and nanostructure topography but also for fabrication of various nanostructures itself. In this work, silicon oxide (SiOx) patterns were formed on Si(100) surface by means of AFM anodization, where a non-contact mode used to oxidize Si wafer at the nanoscale size. The oxide patterns could serve as masks for the chemical etching of Si surface in alkaline solution in order to create the Si nanodots. A special attention is paid to finding relations between the size of dots and operational parameters as tip bias voltage and tip writing speed Dot arrays with 10 nm high and less than 50 nm in diameter have been successfully fabricated. The ability to control oxidation and scanning speed can be utilized in fabrication of complex nanostructures and make scanning probe lithography (SPL) as a very promising lithographic technique in nanoelectronic devices, nanophotonics and other high-tech areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  13. Toxicity assessment of reduced graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanomaterials on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria under normal laboratory lighting condition
    Ahmad NS, Abdullah N, Yasin FM
    Toxicol Rep, 2020;7:693-699.
    PMID: 32528857 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.015
    Toxicity effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials (NMs) on Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria was assessed. For both strains, study demonstrated that the toxicity was time and concentration dependent which led to reduction in growth rate and cell death. Upon NMs exposure, an instantaneous cell death in E. coli culture was observed. This is in contrast with B. subtilis, in which the culture growth remained in the log phase; however their growth rate constant,

    μ
    g

    was reduced by ∼70%. The discrepancy between E. coli and B. subtilis was due to strain-specific response upon contact with NMs. TEM, SEM and EDX analysis revealed direct physical surface-surface interaction, as evidence from the adherence of NMs on the cell surface.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures
  14. Fulltext Comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene
    Ngan CL, Basri M, Lye FF, Fard Masoumi HR, Tripathy M, Karjiban RA, et al.
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:4375-86.
    PMID: 25258528 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S65689
    This research aims to formulate and to optimize a nanoemulsion-based formulation containing fullerene, an antioxidant, stabilized by a low amount of mixed surfactants using high shear and the ultrasonic emulsification method for transdermal delivery. Process parameters optimization of fullerene nanoemulsions was done by employing response surface methodology, which involved statistical multivariate analysis. Optimization of independent variables was investigated using experimental design based on Box-Behnken design and central composite rotatable design. An investigation on the effect of the homogenization rate (4,000-5,000 rpm), sonication amplitude (20%-60%), and sonication time (30-150 seconds) on the particle size, ζ-potential, and viscosity of the colloidal systems was conducted. Under the optimum conditions, the central composite rotatable design model suggested the response variables for particle size, ζ-potential, and viscosity of the fullerene nanoemulsion were 152.5 nm, -52.6 mV, and 44.6 pascal seconds, respectively. In contrast, the Box-Behnken design model proposed that preparation under the optimum condition would produce nanoemulsion with particle size, ζ-potential, and viscosity of 148.5 nm, -55.2 mV, and 39.9 pascal seconds, respectively. The suggested process parameters to obtain optimum formulation by both models yielded actual response values similar to the predicted values with residual standard error of <2%. The optimum formulation showed more elastic and solid-like characteristics due to the existence of a large linear viscoelastic region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures/administration & dosage; Nanostructures/chemistry*
  15. Effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration to pores size diameter of silicon membrane
    Burham N, Hamzah AA, Majlis BY
    Biomed Mater Eng, 2014;24(6):2203-9.
    PMID: 25226919 DOI: 10.3233/BME-141032
    This paper studies parameters which affect the pore size diameter of a silicon membrane. Electrochemical etching is performed in characterise the parameter involved in this process. The parameter has been studied is volume ratio of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ethanol as an electrolyte aqueous for electrochemical etch. This electrolyte aqueous solution has been mixed between HF and ethanol with volume ratio 3:7, 5:5, 7:3 and 9:1. As a result, the higher volume of HF in this electrolyte gives the smallest pore size diameter compared to the lower volume of HF. These samples have been dipped into HF and ethanol electrolyte aqueous with supplied 25 mA/cm2 current density for 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes. The samples will inspect under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to execute the pore formations on silicon membrane surface.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures/ultrastructure*; Nanostructures/chemistry*
  16. Fulltext Formulation development and optimization of palm kernel oil esters-based nanoemulsions containing sodium diclofenac
    Rezaee M, Basri M, Rahman RN, Salleh AB, Chaibakhsh N, Karjiban RA
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:539-48.
    PMID: 24531324 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S49616
    Response surface methodology was employed to study the effect of formulation composition variables, water content (60%-80%, w/w) and oil and surfactant (O/S) ratio (0.17-1.33), as well as high-shear emulsification conditions, mixing rate (300-3,000 rpm) and mixing time (5-30 minutes) on the properties of sodium diclofenac-loaded palm kernel oil esters-nanoemulsions. The two response variables were droplet size and viscosity. Optimization of the conditions according to the four variables was performed for preparation of the nanoemulsions with the minimum values of particle size and viscosity. The results showed that the experimental data could be sufficiently fitted into a third-order polynomial model with multiple regression coefficients (R(2) ) of 0.938 and 0.994 for the particle size and viscosity, respectively. Water content, O/S ratio and mixing time, quadrics of all independent variables, interaction between O/S ratio and mixing rate and between mixing time and rate, as well as cubic term of water content had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the particle size of nanoemulsions. The linear effect of all independent variables, quadrics of water content and O/S ratio, interaction of water content and O/S ratio, as well as cubic term of water content and O/S ratio had significant effects (P<0.05) on the viscosity of all nanoemulsions. The optimum conditions for preparation of sodium diclofenac nanoemulsions were predicted to be: 71.36% water content; 0.69 O/S ratio; 950 rpm mixing rate, and 5 minute mixing time. The optimized formulation showed good storage stability in different temperatures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures/administration & dosage*; Nanostructures/chemistry*
  17. Enhancing the efficiency of polymerase chain reaction using graphene nanoflakes
    Abdul Khaliq R, Kafafy R, Salleh HM, Faris WF
    Nanotechnology, 2012 Nov 16;23(45):455106.
    PMID: 23085573 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/45/455106
    The effect of the recently developed graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been investigated in this paper. The rationale behind the use of GNFs is their unique physical and thermal properties. Experiments show that GNFs can enhance the thermal conductivity of base fluids and results also revealed that GNFs are a potential enhancer of PCR efficiency; moreover, the PCR enhancements are strongly dependent on GNF concentration. It was found that GNFs yield DNA product equivalent to positive control with up to 65% reduction in the PCR cycles. It was also observed that the PCR yield is dependent on the GNF size, wherein the surface area increases and augments thermal conductivity. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to analyze the heat transfer through the PCR tube model in the presence and absence of GNFs. The results suggest that the superior thermal conductivity effect of GNFs may be the main cause of the PCR enhancement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures/ultrastructure; Nanostructures/chemistry*
  18. Characterization and cytotoxicity of nanostructured lipid carriers formulated with olive oil, hydrogenated palm oil, and polysorbate 80
    How CW, Rasedee A, Abbasalipourkabir R
    IEEE Trans Nanobioscience, 2013 Jun;12(2):72-8.
    PMID: 23268387 DOI: 10.1109/TNB.2012.2232937
    Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) composed of solid and liquid lipids, and surfactants are potentially good colloidal drug carriers. Before NLC can be used as drug carriers, the cytotoxicity of their components must be ascertained. The cytotoxicity of solid lipids (trilaurin, palmitin, docosanoid acid, and hydrogenated palm oil [HPO]) and surfactants (Polysorbate 20, 80, and 85) were determined on BALB/c 3T3 cells. The HPO and Polysorbate 80 were least cytotoxic and used with olive oil in the formulation of NLC. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, specific surface area, and crystallinity index of the NLC were 61.14 nm, 0.461, -25.4 mV, and 49.07 m(2) and 27.12% respectively, while the melting point was 4.3 °C lower than of HPO. Unlike in serum-free, NLC incubated in fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium did not show particle growth, suggesting that serum proteins in medium inhibit nanoparticles aggregation. The study also showed that NLC was less toxic to BALB/c 3T3 cells than Polysorbate 80. Thus, NLC with olive oil, HPO, and Polysorbate 80 as components are potentially good drug carriers with minimal cytotoxicity on normal cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures/toxicity*; Nanostructures/chemistry
  19. Fulltext The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the Properties of ZnO synthesized by hydrothermal method
    Ramimoghadam D, Hussein MZ, Taufiq-Yap YH
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(10):13275-93.
    PMID: 23202952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013275
    ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal method using different molar ratios of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as structure directing agents. The effect of surfactants on the morphology of the ZnO crystals was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The results indicate that the mixture of cationic-anionic surfactants can significantly modify the shape and size of ZnO particles. Various structures such as flakes, sheets, rods, spheres, flowers and triangular-like particles sized from micro to nano were obtained. In order to examine the possible changes in other properties of ZnO, characterizations like powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), FTIR, surface area and porosity and UV-visible spectroscopy analysis were also studied and discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures/ultrastructure; Nanostructures/chemistry*
  20. Fulltext Effects of Electrodeposition Mode and Deposition Cycle on the Electrochemical Performance of MnO2-NiO Composite Electrodes for High-Energy-Density Supercapacitors
    Rusi, Majid SR
    PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0154566.
    PMID: 27182595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154566
    Nanostructured network-like MnO2-NiO composite electrodes were electrodeposited onto stainless steel substrates via different electrodeposition modes, such as chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry, and cyclic voltammetry, and then subjected to heat treatment at 300°C for metal oxide conversion. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the crystalline natures and morphologies of the deposited films. The electrochemical properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge tests. The results revealed that the electrochemical performance of the as-obtained composite electrodes depended on the electrodeposition mode. The electrochemical properties of MnO2-NiO composite electrodes prepared using cyclic voltammetry exhibited the highest capacitance values and were most influenced by the deposition cycle number. The optimum specific capacitance was 3509 Fg-1 with energy and power densities of 1322 Wh kg-1 and 110.5 kW kg-1, respectively, at a current density of 20 Ag-1 in a mixed KOH/K3Fe(CN)6 electrolyte.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanostructures/ultrastructure; Nanostructures/chemistry*
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