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  1. Fulltext Non-communicable Disease Surveillance in Malaysia: An Overview of Existing Systems and Priorities Going Forward
    Chandran A, Selva Kumar S, Hairi NN, Low WY, Mustapha FI
    Front Public Health, 2021;9:698741.
    PMID: 34295873 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.698741
    In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a comprehensive set of nine global voluntary targets, including the landmark "25 by 25" mortality reduction target, and 25 indicators. WHO has also highlighted the importance of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) surveillance as a key action by Member States in addressing NCDs. This study aimed to examine the current national NCD surveillance tools, activities and performance in Malaysia based on the WHO Global Monitoring Framework for NCDs and to highlight gaps and priorities moving forward. A desk review was conducted from August to October in 2020, to examine the current national NCD surveillance activities in Malaysia from multiple sources. Policy and program documents relating to NCD surveillance in Malaysia from 2010 to 2020 were identified and analyzed. The findings of this review are presented according to the three major themes of the Global Monitoring Framework: monitoring of exposure/risk factor, monitoring of outcomes and health system capacity/response. Currently, there is a robust monitoring system for NCD Surveillance in Malaysia for indicators that are monitored by the WHO NCD Global Monitoring Framework, particularly for outcome and exposure monitoring. However, Malaysia still lacks data for the surveillance of the health system indicators of the framework. Although Malaysia has an NCD surveillance in place that is adequate for the WHO NCD Global Monitoring Framework, there are areas that require strengthening. The country must also look beyond these set of indicators in view of the increasing burden and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes incorporating mental health indicators and leveraging on alternate sources of data relating to behaviors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  2. Letter to the editor related to the article "stress in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology" published by Tuncay et al
    Ahmad MF, Sidi H, Das S
    Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2021 03;303(3):853-854.
    PMID: 32876742 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05756-3
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  3. A review of risk prediction models in cardiovascular disease: conventional approach vs. artificial intelligent approach
    Mohd Faizal AS, Thevarajah TM, Khor SM, Chang SW
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2021 Aug;207:106190.
    PMID: 34077865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106190
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is a global health issue. Traditionally, statistical models are used commonly in the risk prediction and assessment of CVD. However, the adoption of artificial intelligent (AI) approach is rapidly taking hold in the current era of technology to evaluate patient risks and predict the outcome of CVD. In this review, we outline various conventional risk scores and prediction models and do a comparison with the AI approach. The strengths and limitations of both conventional and AI approaches are discussed. Besides that, biomarker discovery related to CVD are also elucidated as the biomarkers can be used in the risk stratification as well as early detection of the disease. Moreover, problems and challenges involved in current CVD studies are explored. Lastly, future prospects of CVD risk prediction and assessment in the multi-modality of big data integrative approaches are proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  4. Fulltext Melanosis coli in a peritoneal dialysis patient: a case report
    Zakaria NF, Ahmad NI, Mokhtar E, Zukiman WZHHW, Shah AM
    J Med Case Rep, 2021 Jul 30;15(1):420.
    PMID: 34325745 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02895-2
    BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis (PD) are at risk of gut bacteria translocation leading to peritonitis when there is chronic diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea is defined as any course of diarrhea that lasts at least 4 weeks, which can be continuous or intermittent. Chronic diarrhea of any duration may cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and life-threatening hypovolemic shock. In PD patients, excessive ultrafiltration from the exchanges, combined with severe gastrointestinal loss, may cause hypovolemic shock, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis. There are multiple causes of chronic diarrhea in PD patients including infective causes, mitotic lesions, and rarely the regular and excessive use of laxatives, which is a diagnosis of exclusion.

    CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of Melanau lady with chronic diarrhea secondary to laxative usage in a patient being treated with automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). The patient went into hypovolemic shock, but luckily did not contract peritonitis. A colonoscopy revealed brown to black discoloration of the colon, a feature suggestive of melanosis coli. A biopsy of the intestine further confirmed the diagnosis by histopathological examination. Withdrawal of laxatives and the introduction of probiotics improved the symptoms tremendously.

    CONCLUSIONS: The chronic use of laxatives in PD patients can potentially lead to a devastating problem; thus, the management team must monitor treatment commencement appropriately.

    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  5. Response to de Groot 'There is an urgent need for palliative care specialists in MS - Commentary'
    Cheong WL, Mohan D, Warren N, Reidpath DD
    Mult Scler, 2019 11;25(13):1821-1822.
    PMID: 31517592 DOI: 10.1177/1352458519876697
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  6. Fulltext Chocolate: food for moods
    Wong SY, Lua PL
    Malays J Nutr, 2011 Aug;17(2):259-69.
    PMID: 22303579 MyJurnal
    Chocolate is a popular food and its consumption has long been associated with enjoyment and pleasure. The effect of chocolate on mood too has long been recognised. Chocolate is thought to have interactions with neurotransmitters which contribute to mood modulation and appetite regulation. However, the evidence in chocolate and mood studies remains highly controversial. As more is known about the influence of chocolate on mood, the reasons for these effects appear increasingly complex and inter-related.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  7. Fulltext Evaluation of the school supplementary feeding program in peninsular Malaysia
    Md Arop M, Abdullah A, Abdulrahman S, Mohdjani M
    Malays J Nutr, 2000 Mar;6(1):1-15.
    PMID: 22692388 MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of the School Supplement Feeding Program (SSFP) among primary school in terms of financial management and budget disbursement, food preparation, selection of menus and nutrient content of food served. A total of 129 schools comprising 77 national type, 31 Chinese and 21 Tamil vernacular schools in four different regions (northern, eastern, central and southern) of Peninsular Malaysia were selected for this study. The results of this cross-sectional study showed a need to improve the budget disbursement to schools. Most of the schools followed the guidelines provided by the Ministry of Education for selection of eligible children. The quality of food prepared by contracted (local community members) and voluntary (teachers) operators. The use of 10 recommended menus provided for a 2-week cycle by most of the schools has shown increased acceptance and less monotonous feeling towards the food among the children. Nutrient content of food served increased relatively with an increase in budget from RM0.45 to RM0.80 per child. Parents surveyed indicated that the program should continue as this will keep children from low income families from being hungry during school hours. A continued process of monitoring and evaluation is necessary to improve its implementation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  8. Fulltext Parallel Digital Watermarking Process on Ultrasound Medical Images in Multicores Environment
    Khor HL, Liew SC, Zain JM
    Int J Biomed Imaging, 2016;2016:9583727.
    PMID: 26981111 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9583727
    With the advancement of technology in communication network, it facilitated digital medical images transmitted to healthcare professionals via internal network or public network (e.g., Internet), but it also exposes the transmitted digital medical images to the security threats, such as images tampering or inserting false data in the images, which may cause an inaccurate diagnosis and treatment. Medical image distortion is not to be tolerated for diagnosis purposes; thus a digital watermarking on medical image is introduced. So far most of the watermarking research has been done on single frame medical image which is impractical in the real environment. In this paper, a digital watermarking on multiframes medical images is proposed. In order to speed up multiframes watermarking processing time, a parallel watermarking processing on medical images processing by utilizing multicores technology is introduced. An experiment result has shown that elapsed time on parallel watermarking processing is much shorter than sequential watermarking processing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  9. Odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma: radiographic evaluation
    Kitisubkanchana J, Reduwan NH, Poomsawat S, Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri S, Wongchuensoontorn C
    Oral Radiol, 2021 Jan;37(1):55-65.
    PMID: 32030659 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00425-2
    OBJECTIVES: To describe the radiographic features of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and ameloblastomas and to compare the radiographic findings between these 2 lesions.

    METHODS: Radiographs of OKCs and ameloblastomas were retrospectively reviewed. Location, border, shape, association with impacted tooth, tooth displacement, root resorption, and bone expansion were evaluated. Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. A p value 

    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  10. 3rd Asia-Pacific Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, 27 June-1 July 1993. Abstracts
    Toxicon, 1994 May;32(5):521-51.
    PMID: 7915860
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  11. Fulltext Risk Factors of Candida parapsilosis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection
    Yamin DH, Husin A, Harun A
    Front Public Health, 2021;9:631865.
    PMID: 34458217 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.631865
    Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is an important healthcare-associated infection caused by various nosocomial pathogens. Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a crucial causative agent for the CRBSI in the last two decades. Many factors have been associated with the development of CRBSI including, demography, pre-maturity, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart diseases, neuropathy, respiratory diseases, renal dysfunction, hematological and solid organ malignancies, and intestinal dysfunction), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prior antibiotic and/or antifungal therapy, neutropenia, prior surgery, immunosuppressant, and type, site, number, and duration of catheters. This study aims to determine C. parapsilosis CRBSI risk factors. A retrospective study has been performed in an 853-bedded tertiary-care hospital in north-eastern Malaysia. All inpatients with C. parapsilosis positive blood cultures from January 2006 to December 2018 were included, and their medical records were reviewed using a standardized checklist. Out of 208 candidemia episodes, 177 had at least one catheter during admission, and 31 cases had not been catheterized and were excluded. Among the 177 cases, 30 CRBSI cases were compared to 147 non-CRBSI cases [81 bloodstream infections (BSIs), 66 catheter colonizers]. The significance of different risk factors was calculated using multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis of potential risk factors shows that ICU admission was significantly associated with non-CRBSI as compared to CRBSI [OR, 0.242; 95% CI (0.080-0.734); p = 0.012], and TPN was significantly positively associated with CRBSI than non-CRBSI [OR, 3.079; 95%CI (1.125-8.429); p = 0.029], while other risk factors were not associated significantly. Patients admitted in ICU were less likely to develop C. parapsilosis CRBSI while patients receiving TPN were more likely to have C. parapsilosis CRBSI when compared to the non-CRBSI group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  12. Multiplex sequencing of SARS-Cov-2 genome directly from clinical samples using the Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGM)
    Tan KK, Tiong V, Tan JY, Wong JE, Teoh BT, Abd-Jamil J, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Sep 01;38(3):283-288.
    PMID: 34362871 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.069
    Various methods have been developed for rapid and high throughput full genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we described a protocol for targeted multiplex full genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA directly extracted from human nasopharyngeal swabs using the Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGM). This protocol involves concomitant amplification of 237 gene fragments encompassing the SARS-CoV-2 genome to increase the abundance and yield of viral specific sequencing reads. Five complete and one near-complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were generated with a single Ion PGM sequencing run. The sequence coverage analysis revealed two amplicons (positions 13 751-13 965 and 23 941-24 106), which consistently gave low sequencing read coverage in all isolates except 4Apr20-64- Hu. We analyzed the potential primer binding sites within these low covered regions and noted that the 4Apr20-64-Hu possess C at positions 13 730 and 23 929, whereas the other isolates possess T at these positions. The genome nucleotide variations observed suggest that the naturally occurring variations present in the actively circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains affected the performance of the target enrichment panel of the Ion AmpliSeq™ SARS CoV 2 Research Panel. The possible impact of other genome nucleotide variations warrants further investigation, and an improved version of the Ion AmpliSeq™ SARS CoV 2 Research Panel, hence, should be considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  13. Malaria in urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 2005 to 2017
    Idris ZM, Zainal FNS, Ching LS, Azmin A, Hamdan Z, Kamaruzaman UA, et al.
    Travel Med Infect Dis, 2021 04 03;41:102055.
    PMID: 33823288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102055
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  14. Fulltext A Comprehensive Study of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches in Confronting the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
    Rahman MM, Khatun F, Uzzaman A, Sami SI, Bhuiyan MA, Kiong TS
    Int J Health Serv, 2021 10;51(4):446-461.
    PMID: 33999732 DOI: 10.1177/00207314211017469
    The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread over 219 countries of the globe as a pandemic, creating alarming impacts on health care, socioeconomic environments, and international relationships. The principal objective of the study is to provide the current technological aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and other relevant technologies and their implications for confronting COVID-19 and preventing the pandemic's dreadful effects. This article presents AI approaches that have significant contributions in the fields of health care, then highlights and categorizes their applications in confronting COVID-19, such as detection and diagnosis, data analysis and treatment procedures, research and drug development, social control and services, and the prediction of outbreaks. The study addresses the link between the technologies and the epidemics as well as the potential impacts of technology in health care with the introduction of machine learning and natural language processing tools. It is expected that this comprehensive study will support researchers in modeling health care systems and drive further studies in advanced technologies. Finally, we propose future directions in research and conclude that persuasive AI strategies, probabilistic models, and supervised learning are required to tackle future pandemic challenges.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  15. Familial neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a pair of sisters
    Cheo SW, Ong SAM, Low QJ, Tan YA, Chia YK
    QJM, 2020 Oct 01;113(10):743-746.
    PMID: 32240316 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa107
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  16. Fulltext Effect of Covid-19 pandemic on tourist travel risk and management perceptions
    Rahman MK, Gazi MAI, Bhuiyan MA, Rahaman MA
    PLoS One, 2021;16(9):e0256486.
    PMID: 34469468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256486
    This study aims to explore the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourists' travel risk and management perceptions. Driven on the effect of the pandemic, we investigate tourists' travel risk and management perceptions and its effect on society using a sample of 716 respondents. The data was collected through social media platforms using a representative sampling method and analyzed applying the PLS-SEM tool. The findings reveal that Covid-19 pandemic has greatly affected travel risk and management perceptions. Travel risk and management perception had a significant association with risk management, service delivery, transportation patterns, distribution channels, avoidance of overpopulated destinations, and hygiene and safety. The results also identified the mediating effect of travel risk and management perceptions. The finding of this study contributes to tourism crises and provides future research insights in the travel and tourism sector and response to change tourists' travel risk and management perceptions in the post-covid recovery period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  17. Fulltext An overview of procurement, pricing, and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Pakistan
    Siddiqui A, Ahmed A, Tanveer M, Saqlain M, Kow CS, Hasan SS
    Vaccine, 2021 08 31;39(37):5251-5253.
    PMID: 34364719 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.072
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  18. Supporting family doctors to address elder abuse: a quasi-experimental study in Malaysia
    Mohd Mydin FH, Othman S, Choo WY, Hairi NNM, Hairi FM, Syed Karim SN, et al.
    J Elder Abuse Negl, 2021 04 25;33(2):151-167.
    PMID: 33899705 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2021.1919272
    This quasi-experimental study examined the effect of Supporting Family Doctors to Address Elder Abuse (SAFE) educational intervention among family doctors practicing at public primary care clinics in Malaysia. SAFE is an intensive, multimodal, locally tailored, and culturally sensitive face-to-face educational intervention on elder abuse. A significant mean score improvement of knowledge [Baseline: 5.33 (SD:1.33) to 6-month post-intervention: 6.45 (SD: 1.35); p<0.001] and perceived behavioral control [Baseline: 50.83 (SD: 8.87) to six-month post-intervention: 56.16 (SD: 9.56); p<0.001] observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. No significant difference in attitude, subjective norm, and practice scores between the two groups over time. SAFE educational intervention for family doctors was effective to improve but not sustainable knowledge and perceived behavioral control toward elder abuse identification and management. We recommend SAFE educational intervention as part of the continuous medical education for family doctors supplemented with a change in organization and national policy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  19. Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors for Tinnitus
    Biswas R, Hall DA
    Curr Top Behav Neurosci, 2021;51:3-28.
    PMID: 32840860 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_154
    How many people are affected by tinnitus? Is the risk of developing tinnitus on the rise or has it been declining over time? What modifiable lifestyle factors could help to prevent tinnitus? These population-based questions can be addressed through epidemiological research. Epidemiology refers to the underlying and basic science of public health. It describes the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems. There are two key concepts in epidemiology: (1) measures of frequency and (2) measures of effect. In this chapter, we introduce the two main measures of frequency, prevalence and incidence. We also introduce the notion of risk factors, critical for understanding measures of effect concerning the risk of developing a health condition. In both sections, we provide illustrative examples from the published literature on tinnitus. We end by offering a critical evaluation of the current status of epidemiological research on tinnitus and point to some promising future directions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
  20. Fulltext Adapting Cancer Civil Society Organizations to Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccinations in People Living With Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries-A Commentary
    Munisamy M, Ndoh K, Abdelbadee A, Espejo I, Manjuh F, Tamas A, et al.
    JCO Glob Oncol, 2021 07;7:1194-1198.
    PMID: 34292779 DOI: 10.1200/GO.21.00195
    Matched MeSH terms: Humans
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