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Fulltext Patterns of fruits and vegetable consumption among adults of different ethnics in Selangor, Malaysia

Nurul Izzah, A., Wan Rozita, W.M., Siti Fatimah, D., Aminah, A., Md Pauzi, A., Lee, Y.H.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):1095-1107.
MyJurnal

A survey was conducted to investigate patterns of fruits and vegetables consumption among Malaysian adults residing in Selangor, Malaysia. Two hundred forty two subjects comprises of male (28%) and female (72%) of major ethnics (Malays-52.3%; Chinese-30.5%; Indians-16.9%) with the mean age of 43.5±18 years were studied from July to November 2002. Consumption data for vegetables were collected using 24 hours duplicate samples method while for fruits 24-hour diet record was used. The results showed that most frequently consumed leafy, leguminous, root, brassica and fruits vegetables were celery (Apium graveolens), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic), long beans (Vigna sesquipedolis), French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucas carota), potato (Solanum tuberosum), Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea), round cabbage (Brassica reptans), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var cauliflora), chilies (red, green, small or dried) (Capsicum sp.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), long eggplant (Solanum melongena) and okra (Hibiscus esculentus). While most consumed ulam and traditional vegetables were petai (Parkia speciosa), sweet leaves (Sauropus andragynus) and Indian pennywor (Hydrocotyle asiatica). Other vegetables inclusive spices and flavorings that were preferred by subjects were shallot (Allium fistulosum), garlic(Allium sativum), onion (Alium cepa), green bean sprout (Phaseolus aureus) and curry leaves (Murraya koenigii). The most preferred fruits were banana (Musa spp.) and apples (.Malus domestica). A total consumption of fruits and vegetables among adults in Selangor was 173 g/day and the consumption among Malays (202 g/day) was significantly higher (P
Fulltext Development of an anthropometry database for the malaysian population: problems and challenges

Rosnah Mohd. Yusuff, Siti Zawiah Md. Dawal, Dian D.I. Daruis, Siti Nurani Hassan

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(20):36-43.
MyJurnal

Ergonomics is generally to design for human use and optimizing the working and living conditions. The comfort, safety and ease of use of systems, products and machines require the principles of ergonomics to be incorporated into the design. Anthropometry is a part of ergonomics which deals with the measurement of body dimensions, its capability and limitations of the human ability. Studies have indicated that body dimensions differ for various populations, depending on ethnic group, sex and age. The measurement of physical characteristics and abilities of people provides information that is essential for the appropriate design of occupational and non- occupational environments, as well as for the design of consumer products, clothing, tools and equipment. It has been considered as the very basic core of ergonomics in an attempt to resolve the dilemma of 'fitting people to machines'. It has also been regarded as a branch of anthropology which deals with physical characteristics of the man in time and space, particularly with individual variation, ontogenesis and generic development. Knowledge about man from the point of view of physical anthropometry is very useful for the purpose of ergonomics and design. Thus it is important that an anthropometric database for each nation is developed to ensure design of products and systems are compatible with the user population. In Malaysia, many researchers have conducted anthropometric studies on various groups of people, focused on a small sample size and used for specific designs. Unfortunately, the measurements are not representatives of the population. The work has been individually based, confined to certain group of researchers in various universities and there is no concerted effort towards developing a national anthropometric database.This paper discusses some of the anthropometry work conducted in Malaysia, the problems and challenges in developing the national database, the importance of anthropometry and the roles that the government has to play in developing the database.
Fulltext The impact of fluid balances in the first 48 hours On mortality in the critically ill patients

Norhalini Hamzah, Majdiah Syahirah Nasir, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, Azrina Md Ralib

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(1):13-18.
MyJurnal

Introduction: There has been increasing evidence of detrimental effects of cumulative positive fluid
balance in critically ill patients. The postulated mechanism of harm is the development of interstitial
oedema, with resultant increase morbidity and mortality. We aim to assess the impact of positive fluid
balance within the first 48 hours on mortality in our local ICU population. Methods: This was a secondary
analysis of a single centre, prospective observational study. All ICU patients more than 18 years were
screened for inclusion in the study. Admission of less than 48 hours, post-elective surgery and ICU
readmission were excluded. Cumulative fluid balance either as volume or percentage of body weight from
admission was calculated over 6, 24 and 48 hour period from ICU admission. Results: A total of 143 patients
were recruited, of these 33 died. There were higher cumulative fluid balances at 6, 24 and 48 hours in nonsurvivors
compared to survivors. However, after adjusted for severity of illness, APACHE II Score, they were
not predictive of mortality. Sensitivity analysis on sub-cohort of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI)
showed only an actual 48-hour cumulative fluid balance was independently predictive of mortality (1.21
(1.03 to 1.42)). Conclusions: Cumulative fluid balance was not independently predictive of mortality in a
heterogenous group of critically ill patients. However, in subcohort of patients with AKI, a 48-hour
cumulative fluid balance was independently predictive of mortality. An additional tile is thus added to the
mosaic of findings on the impact of fluid balance in a hetergenous group of critically ill patients, and in subcohort
of AKI patients.
Fulltext New modified equation of contact lens method in determining post myopic laser refractive surgery corneal power

Md. Muziman Syah, M.M., Mutalib, H. A., Sharanjeet Kaur, M. S., Khairidzan, M. K.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(1):61-68.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to derive a modified equation for contact lens method (CLM) in
calculating post myopic laser refractive surgery corneal power. Methods: A total of 93 subjects who
underwent myopic laser refractive surgery at IIUM Eye Specialist Clinic were recruited. The accuracy of
postoperative corneal power using the standard CLM and newly-derived contact lens modified method
(CLMmod) were compared to the standard comparison method ; the historical method (HM). The CLMmod
equation was derived by adjusting postoperative corneal power of CLM according to amount of refractive
change. Results: The mean postoperative corneal power using standard CLM was significantly higher than
HM (mean difference: -0.24 D, p < 0.001). Fifty seven percent (n = 53 eyes) of the standard CLM results were
within ±0.50 D of HM results. The difference between postoperative corneal power using standard CLM and
HM increased significantly with the amount of refractive change (r = 0.835; p < 0.001). The mean
postoperative corneal power of CLMmod showed that there was no statistical significant difference compared
to the HM results (mean difference: 0.00 D, p= 0.964). Eighty eight percent (n = 82 eyes) of the CLMmod
results were within ±0.50 D of HM results with improvement of 31% from the standard CLM results.
Conclusion: The CLMmod equation provides more accurate calculation in determining post myopic laser
refractive surgery corneal power. In near future, this modified equation can be used as an alternative
equation to calculate postoperative corneal power when the preoperative data is unavailable.
Fulltext Photonic characterization of selected bioactive chemicals in Malaysian herbs

Abu Bakar, B., Md. Salleh, N.H., Amir Hashim, N.A., Sudin, A., Jusoh, S., Abdullah, M.Z.K.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(101):221-224.
MyJurnal

This work presents the characterization of selected bioactive compounds of local herbs
through their photonic spectrum. A Shimadzu spectrophotometer was used to map bioactive
compounds extracted from Andrographis paniculata, Ficus deltoidea, Orthosiphon stamineus
and Centella asiatica. Dominant peaks and repeatability were the determinant parameters
in this study. Absorbance peaks of bioactive compounds were calibrated against respective
standardized chemicals obtained from reputable suppliers. The results obtained indicated
that absorbance peaks from different bioactive compounds could be identified by photonic
spectrum. Most bioactive markers were detected within the wavelength range of 200 nm to 350
nm, using a Deuterium (190 nm to 450 nm) light source and corresponding refraction grating.
A mathematical relationship of concentration versus absorbance at different wavelengths for
selected bioactive compounds were identified. The significance of the photonic characterization
of these phytochemicals forms the basis for a mathematical model in a decision support system
of a proposed mobile sensor prototype development.
Fulltext Malaysian oil palm workers are in pain: hazards identification and ergonomics related problems

Nur Syazwani Mohd Nawi, Baba Md Deros, Mohd Nizam Ab. Rahman, Ezrin Hani Sukadarin, Norani Nordin

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(10):1-8.
MyJurnal

Agricultural activities have always been associated with hazards and injuries. Most common injuries experienced by workers are health, safety and ergonomic injuries. It stems from many causes, such as the use of manual tools, incorrect working position, inadequate rest and overloading. This paper aims to reveal the daily hazardous work task of oil palm plantation workers with highlighting the ergonomics problems and risk of injury they faced. Observations of work tasks and distribution of Modified Nordic Questionnaire (MNQ) were performed for every work unit. Worker’s activities and posture while performing work tasks were recorded extensively using camera and video recordings for ergonomics analysis. Results from the observation and questionnaire survey conducted, showed that oil palm plantation workers are exposed to the risk of dangerous work every day. Fresh fruit bunches cutter and loose fruit collectors were having highest body pain complaints and almost from them are having low back pain problems. Therefore, it is necessary for an immediate action from the management in order to determine the current prevalence of ergonomic injuries. Using of manual tools should be avoided and plantation workers should be provided with ergonomics machines that can help them reduce their workload and injuries.
Fulltext Steady state visual evoked potential based BCI as control method for exoskeleton: a review

Norhafizan Ahmad, Raja Ariffin Raja Ghazilla, Muhammad Zikril Hakim Md Azizi

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(10):0-0.
MyJurnal

Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) provide a vast possibility in enabling the brain to communicate directly with the computer, hence providing an alternative in controlling the machines without much effort. In fields of rehabilitations robotics, the applications of an exoskeletons in assisting a spinal cord injured (SCI) patients were growing. Steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) based BCIs that utilizes the human visual reactions to the constant flickered stimulus quickly showed its potentials among the BCIs used in rehabilitations devices because of its advantages such as a higher immunity to noises and artefacts and also its robustness compared to other BCIs. Rehabilitation exoskeletons demands an approach that are more user friendly and the aspects of control scheme and mechanical parts that are more focused on assisting the patients in rehabilitations and providing a SCI patients an alternatives to explore their surroundings in a more intuitive ways. This paper highlights the current development trends in SSVEP based BCIs for rehabilitation exoskeletons and proposed the potential research scopes in the future that can improve the effectiveness, and its potential applications in rehabilitations.
Fulltext Assessing the reliability of subjective evaluation for comfortable driving postures

Darliana Mohamad, Dian Darina Indah Daruis, Baba Md Deros, Ahmad Rasdan Ismail

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(20):14-19.
MyJurnal

Drivers’ posture is one of the factors that can contribute to driving discomfort. Subjective evaluation is needed in determining the driving discomfort problem. The purpose of this study is to examine the reliability of different driving postures that may lead to drivers’ discomfort. A total of thirty-four healthy Malaysian drivers were involved in this study. Respondents were required to sit on the driver’s seat with the required adjustments of three different postures and fill-in the given subjective evaluation form. The same procedure was repeated for each respondent after three days for purpose of conducting test retest evaluation. The reliability statistical analysis result shows the study was reliable and valid with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient equal to 0.827. The comparison means that ANOVA analysis also shows significance difference between these three groups of postures for all measured parameters. In conclusion, the result from this study shows the subjective evaluation conducted is reliable and can be used for drivers’ posture discomfort study.
Fulltext Design specifications of ergonomic sofa through sofa makers perception: a case study in Malaysia

Ahmad Rasdan Ismail, Khairul Azhar Mat Daud, Ahmad Hafizi Abdul Nasir, Suriatini Ismail, Baba Md Deros

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(20):27-35.
MyJurnal

Development of ergonomic sofa design is a design process that has the basic framework specification and type of
material that is applied on the sofa design. This is due to human consumption that is closely related to ergonomic
design of this specification which will affect human physical. To achieve this goal, a survey involving 30 respondents
of sofa makers was conducted to get feedback regarding the sofa design specifications. Survey questions emphasize
on the basic specifications and material dimensions of sofa materials used. The results of data analysis show that the
size of basic dimensions and materials is essential in designing an ergonomic sofa. The survey is very important to
find out the basic specifications in the development of ergonomic design through perception of sofa maker.
Fulltext Urethral strictures after bipolar transurethral resection of prostate may be linked to slow resection rate

Tan GH, Shah SA, Ali NM, Goh EH, Singam P, Ho CCK, et al.

Investig Clin Urol, 2017 05;58(3):186-191.
PMID: 28480344 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.3.186

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the urethral stricture (US) rate and identify clinical and surgical risk factors associated with US occurrence after transurethral resection of the prostate using the bipolar Gyrus PlasmaKinetic Tissue Management System (PK-TURP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an age-matched case-control study of US occurrence after PK-TURP. Retrospective data were collected from the hospital records of patients who had a minimum of 36 months of follow-up information. Among the data collected for analysis were prostate-specific antigen level, estimated prostate weight, the amount of prostate resected, operative time, history of urinary tract infection, previous transurethral resection of the prostate, and whether the PK-TURP was combined with other endourological procedures. The resection rate was calculated from the collected data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify clinical and surgical risk factors related to US formation.
RESULTS: A total of 373 patients underwent PK-TURP between 2003 and 2009. There were 13 cases of US (3.5%), and most of them (10 of 13, 76.9%) presented within 24 months of surgery. Most of the US cases (11 of 13, 84.6%) occurred at the bulbar urethra. Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified slow resection rate as the only risk factor significantly associated with US occurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: The US rate of 3.5% after PK-TURP in this study is comparable to contemporary series. A slow resection rate seems to be related to US occurrence. This should be confirmed by further studies; meanwhile, we must be mindful of this possibility when operating with the PK-TURP system.
Quantitative Tetraplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay with TaqMan Probes Discriminates Cattle, Buffalo, and Porcine Materials in Food Chain

Hossain MAM, Ali ME, Sultana S, Asing, Bonny SQ, Kader MA, et al.

J Agric Food Chem, 2017 May 17;65(19):3975-3985.
PMID: 28481513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00730

Cattle, buffalo, and porcine materials are widely adulterated, and their quantification might safeguard health, religious, economic, and social sanctity. Recently, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays have been documented but they are just suitable for identification, cannot quantify adulterations. We described here a quantitative tetraplex real-time PCR assay with TaqMan Probes to quantify contributions from cattle, buffalo, and porcine materials simultaneously. Amplicon-sizes were very short (106-, 90-, and 146-bp for cattle, buffalo, and porcine) because longer targets could be broken down, bringing serious ambiguity in molecular diagnostics. False negative detection was eliminated through an endogenous control (141-bp site of eukaryotic 18S rRNA). Analysis of 27 frankfurters and 27 meatballs reflected 84-115% target recovery at 0.1-10% adulterations. Finally, a test of 36 commercial products revealed 71% beef frankfurters, 100% meatballs, and 85% burgers contained buffalo adulteration, but no porcine was found in beef products.
Fulltext Passive in situ remediation using permeable reactive barrier for groundwater treatment

Zafira Madzin, Faradiella Mohd Kusin, Mohd Shakirin Md Zahar, Siti Nurjaliah Muhammad

The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2016;2(2):1-11.
MyJurnal

The contamination of water bodies from heavy metals, either from natural sources or
anthropogenic sources, has become a major concern to the public. Industrial activities with improper
water treatment, and then leach into the water body, have become contaminated and harmful to
consume. Passive remediation is one of the treatments introduced to counter this problem as it is a low
cost but effective technique. After being widely acknowledged and through research conducted, the
most suitable remediation technique found is the permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). PRB is defined
as an in situ permeable treatment zone filled with reactive materials, designed to intercept and
remediate a contaminant plume under natural hydraulic gradients. There have been many findings
made from PRB which can be used to remove contaminants such as heavy metal, chlorinated solvents,
carbonates and aromatic hydrocarbons. The most crucial criteria in making a successful PRB is the
reactive media used to remove contaminants. The current paper presents an overview of the PRB
selective medias that have been used and also the unresolved issue on the long term performance of
PRB. The overall methodology for the application of PRB at a given site is also discussed in this
paper. This inexpensive but effective technique is crucial as a sustainable technology in order to treat
the drainage before it enters water tables to prevent water pollution and can be used as an alternative
raw water source.
Fulltext Detection of human papillomavirus, p53 and c-erbb-2 protein expression in juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis: a report of 2 cases

Siti Aishah Md Ali, Ilina Isahak, Dahlan Sabi, Fatimah Sahlan, Lokman Saim, Abdullah Sani Mohamed

Medicine & Health, 2006;1(1):67-74.
MyJurnal

The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis has been well documented. We report two cases of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis and correlated these cases with presence of HPV, p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins. The first case was a one-year-old male patient and the second a six-year-old female patient. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens were tested for the presence of HPV genome by the technique of in situ hybridisation using wide spectrum and type specific biotinylated probes while the immunohistochemical expression of p53 (D07, 1:50) and c-erbB-2 (DAKO A0485, 1:300) proteins were evaluated with commercially available antibodies. Histologically the tumours in both cases showed papillary configuration of squamous papilloma. The first case detected HPV type 6, HPV type 11 and p53 protein expression while the second case showed only HPV type 6. Both cases of HPV showed positive signals confined to the nuclei in the superficial squamous epithelium. The first case showed p53 positivity seen from the basal region up to one third of the epithelium of laryngeal papillomas and the subsequent recent repeat biopsy showed the positivity of p53 had extended throughout the upper layers of the epithelium. Expression of c-erbB-2 protein was not detected in both cases. These findings were similar as in other studies where follow-up of the cases was recommended since they tend to recur.
Fulltext 3p25 aneusomy in follicular thyroid neoplasms: a report of three cases with review of literature.

Chia, W.K., Zubaidah, Z., Reena Rahayu Md Zin, Rohaizak, M., Asmiati, A., Rafie, M.K., et al.

Medicine & Health, 2012;7(1):47-56.
MyJurnal

Aneusomy is an early genetic event and a characteristic feature of many solid tumors. It is often associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The involvement of PAX8-PPARγ rearrangement in tumorigenesis of follicular thyroid lesions has been widely assessed. However, there were few reports on aneusomy of the PPARγ gene at the 3p25 locus in follicular thyroid lesions. It remains undetermined whether these abnormalities can be translated into improved diagnosis, classification, or outcome prediction. Herein, we report three cases of follicular thyroid neoplasms [two follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and one Hurthle cell adenoma (HCA)] with 3p25 aneusomy detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). 3p25 trisomy was observed in one FTC and one HCA while 3p25 tetrasomy was observed in one FTC. Furthermore, all three lesions did not show overexpression of PPARγ protein. Hurthle cell neoplasms (HCN) are distinct clinically and histologically from other follicular thyroid neoplasms (FTN). However, the presence of the aneusomy in HCA and FTC indicates that there could be a biological continuum between the two and chromosomal gains might play an important role in the pathogenesis of these two types of neoplasms. Despite their differences, HCN and FTN may share the same early genetic event in tumour development.
Fulltext Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for assessment of energy, total fat, fatty acids, and vitamin A, C and E intake among Malaysian women: comparison with three days 24-hour diet recalls

Mohd Razif Shahril, Suhaina Sulaiman, Soraya Hanie Shaharudin, Nurismah Md Isa, Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Hussain

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):75-91.
MyJurnal

Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is a practical tool for the measurement of usual food intake in large surveys because it gives a quick approximation to 'true' dietary intake. This study was carried out to compare the semiquantitative FFQ with three day 24-hour diet recalls (24-hr DR) in assessing intake of energy, total fat, fatty acids and vitamin A, C and E among Malaysian women. This semi-quantitative FFQ which was developed specifically for the Malay and Indian ethnicities has 200 food items and categorized according to three mealtimes namely breakfast, lunch or dinner and morning or afternoon snacks. A total of 51 Malay and 28 Indian women aged between 30 to 60 years were selected as study subjects. The result of the study shows that majority of study subjects were within the normal EI/BMR ratio when their energy intake was assessed by semi-quantitative FFQ (70%) and 24-hr DR (74%). However, 10% of study subjects became over-reporters when their intakes were assessed using the semi-quantitative FFQ. Analysis of t-test shows there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) on the mean intake of energy, total fats, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A, C and E between semi-quantitative FFQ and 24-hr DR. Percent mean differences were also less than 10% for all nutrients included in this study. This indicates that the semi-quantitative FFQ can produce comparable results with 24-hr DR. Energy adjusted correlation coefficient values for all studied nutrients were total fat (r = 0.64, p = 0.02), saturated fatty acids (r = 0.59, p = 0.01), monounsaturated fatty acids (r = 0.52, p = 0.03), polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = 0.57, p = 0.02), vitamin A (r = 0.69, p = 0.01), retinol (r = 0.55, p = 0.01), beta carotene (r = 0.74, p = 0.01), vitamin C (r = 0.64, p = 0.02) and vitamin E (r = 0.69, p = 0.01). Cross-classification for both methods into quartiles of intake resulted in correct classification into the same or adjacent quartile from 82% to 96% of the study subjects. Only 3% of the subjects were grossly misclassified. As a conclusion, this semi-quantitative FFQ gives estimation as good as 24-hr DR for intakes of energy, total fat, fatty acids and vitamin A, C and E among Malaysian women specifically for the Malay and Indian ethnicities. This semi-quantitative FFQ is a useful tool in dietary intake assessment for research use especially for epidemiological study on diet and disease relationship such as cardiovascular, cancer and diabetes.
Fulltext Effects of unstable daily life on children's health in Baghdad City, Iraq: qualitative study

Hasanain Faisal Ghazi, Zaleha Md. Isa, Mohammed A. Abdal Qader, Tiba Nezar Hasan

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2014;14(1):82-89.
MyJurnal

The unstable living situation in Iraq in the last 10 years after 2003 war affected the daily life of most Iraqis, and especially the children. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of an unstable living environment on children’s health. A community-based qualitative study was done to collect data from 20 mothers of children (age 7 to 8years old) through in-depth interview (IDI). Data was recorded using tape recorders and was later transcribed and analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis techniques. The majority of mothers interviewed said the past nine years of unstable security in the capital had affected their daily life; some mothers also expressed concern about their child’s nutritional status, their eating habits during the school day, and the unhealthy food being sold at school canteens. As a conclusion, the unstable living situations in Baghdad city after the last war had affected the cognitive and nutritional development of children. More precautions should be taken by parents to ensure their children safety in the future.
Fulltext General purpose nuclear irradiation chamber

Nurul Fadzlin Hasbullah, Nuurul Iffah Che Omar, Nahrul Khair Alang Md Rashid, Jaafar Abdullah

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2013;2013(2):70-76.
MyJurnal

Nuclear technology has found a great need for use in medicine, industry, and research. Smoke
detectors in our homes, medical treatments and new varieties of plants by irradiating its seeds are just a few examples of the benefits of nuclear technology. Portable neutron source such as Californium-252, available at Industrial Technology Division (BTI/PAT), Malaysian Nuclear Agency, has a 2.645 year half-life. However, 252 Cf is known to emit gamma radiation from the source. Thus, this chamber aims to provide a proper gamma shielding for samples to distinguish the use of mixed neutron with gamma-rays or pure neutron radiation. The chamber is compatible to be used with other portable neutron sources such as 241 Am-Be as well as the reactor TRIGA PUSPATI for higher neutron dose. This chamber was designed through a collaborative effort of Kulliyyah Engineering, IIUM with the Bahagian Teknologi Industri (BTI) team, Agency Nuklear Malaysia.
Fulltext Mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic and electron numbers of stainless steel and carbon steels with different energies

Md Fakarudin Ab Rahman, M. Iqbal Saripan, Nor Pa’iza Mohamad Hasan, Ismail Mustapha

Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2011;23(2):19-25.
MyJurnal

The total mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of stainless steel (SS316L) and carbon steel (A516) that are widely used as petrochemical plant components, such as distillation column, heat exchanger, boiler and storage tank were measured at 662, 1073 and 1332 keV of photon energies. Measurements of radiation intensity for various thicknesses of steel were made by using transmission method. The γ-ray intensity were counted by using a Gamma spectrometer that contains a Hyper-pure Germanium (HPGe) detector connected with Multi Channel Analyzer (MCA). The effective numbers of atomic (Zeff) and electron (Neff) obtained experimentally were compared by those obtained through theoretical calculation. Both experimental and calculated values of Zeff and Neff were in good agreement.
Extending the range of an optical vanadium(v) sensor based on immobilized fatty hydroxamic acid in poly (methyl methacrylate) using artificial neural network

Azizul Isha, Nor Azah Yusof, Musa Ahmad, Dedy Suhendra, Wan Md. Zin Wan Yunus, Zulkarnain Zainal

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2007;15(2):121-130.
MyJurnal

An artificial neural network (ANN) was applied for the determination of V(V) based on immobilized fatty hydroxamic acid (FHA) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Spectra obtained from the V(V)-FHA complex at single wavelengths was used as the input data for the ANN. The V(V)-FHA complex shows a limited linear dynamic range of V(V) concentration of 10 - 100 mg/ L. After training with ANN, the linear dynamic range was extended with low calibration error. A three layer feed forward neural network using backpropagation (BP) algorithm was employed in this study. The input layer consisted of single neurons, 30 neurons in hidden a layer and one output neuron was found appropriate for the multivariate calibration used. The network were trained up to 10000 epochs with 0.003 % learning rate. This reagent also provided a good analytical pedormance with reproducibility characters of the method yielding relative standard deviation (RSD) of 9.29% and 7.09% for V(V) at concentrations of 50 mg/ L and 200 mg/ L, respectively. The limit of detection of the method was 8.4 mg/ L.
Fulltext Production of carbon dioxide using direct pyrolysis-combustion from Aquilariella Malaccensis or karas woods under argon atmosphere

Noraishah Othman, Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Muhd Noor Md Yunus, Abd. Halim Shamsuddin, Siti Rozaimah, Zahirah Yaakob

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2009;17(2):-.
MyJurnal

The production of carbon dioxide from Karas woods under argon atmosphere was investigated using a direct pyrolysis-combustion approach. Direct burning was used in this study, using argon for yrolysis and oxygen during combustion to look at the yield of carbon dioxide, produced at different parameters, such as the temperature, retention time and flow rate of argon, as the carrier gas. In this study, a new methodology, 23 response surface central composite design was successfully employed for the experimental design and analysis of results. Central composite experimental design and response surface method were utilized to determine the best operating condition for a maximum carbon dioxide production. Appropriate predictable empirical linear model was developed by incorporating interaction effects of all the variables involved. The results of the analysis revealed that linear equation models fitted well with the experimental for carbon dioxide yield. Nevertheless, the R-Squared obtained using the direct pyrolysis-combustion was 0.7118, indicating that the regression line was not at the best-fitted line.

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