Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 236 in total

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  1. Association of common genetic variants with vitamin D status in Malaysian children with epilepsy
    Kong AN, Fong CY, Ng CC, Mohamed AR, Khoo TB, Ng RL, et al.
    Seizure, 2020 Jul;79:103-111.
    PMID: 32464532 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.05.009
    PURPOSE: Children with epilepsy (CWE) are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting the vitamin D pathway are potentially important risk factors for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. The aims of our study were to evaluate the association of vitamin d-related SNPs to serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Malaysian CWE.

    METHODS: Cross-sectional study of Malaysian ambulant CWE on antiseizure medication for >1 year. Sixteen SNPs in 8 genes (GC, VDR, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, CYP27A1, CYP3A4, NADSYN1/DHCR7) were genotyped. Linear and logistic regression models and co-variates adjusted analyses were used. SNPs with significant associations were further analysed in a group of ethnically-matched healthy Malaysian children.

    RESULTS: 239 CWE were recruited (52.7% Malay, 24.3% Chinese and 23.0% Indian) with mean serum 25(OH)D of 58.8 nmol/L (SD 25.7). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (≤37.5 nmol/L) was 23.0%. Minor allele of GC-rs4588-A was associated with lower serum 25(OH)D in the meta-analysis of both CWE (β -8.11, P = 0.002) and Malaysian healthy children (β -5.08, P < 0.001), while VDR-rs7975232-A was significantly associated with reduced odds of vitamin D deficiency in Malay subgroup of CWE (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06-0.49; P = 0.001) and this association was not found in the healthy children group.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that GC-rs4588 is associated with lower serum 25(OH)D concentration in both Malaysian CWE and healthy children, while VDR-rs7975232A is associated with lower risk of vitamin D deficiency in Malaysian CWE of Malay ethnicity. Our findings may assist in the genetic risk stratification of low vitamin D status among CWE.

    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy/ethnology; Epilepsy/genetics*; Epilepsy/epidemiology*
  2. Fulltext Pharmacist-managed therapeutic drug monitoring service for antiepileptic drugs and improved seizure control
    Chun, Wai Chang, Raman, Sivaraj
    Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2018;16(1):37-43.
    MyJurnal
    Although therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been used in practice, conflicting data on its usefulness in the management of epilepsy have been reported. These results range from identifying no significant differences in patients’ clinical outcomes to determining TDM to be a cost-effective service. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of our pharmacist-managed TDM service in helping patients with epilepsy (PWE) to achieve seizure control. This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the TDM Unit of Hospital Keningau, Sabah. Pharmacist-prepared reports issued for 30 subjects with uncontrolled seizures in 2014 were analysed to determine the effectiveness of their recommendations. Effectiveness was measured based on the number of patients who achieved ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency and the number of patients with a threemonth seizure-free period. Overall, 80% of the pharmacists’ TDM recommendations were accepted by prescribers. Based on the data collected, 17 (56.67%) subjects had their seizure frequency decreased at least by half, while 11 (36.67%) subjects achieved total remission. However, there was no significant association between acceptance of recommendations and seizure control; although acceptance of pharmacist recommendations was associated with 1.4 times greater odds of achieving seizure control among PWE, this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, a pharmacist-managed TDM service was associated with an improvement in seizure control of more than 50% among PWE with unsatisfactory seizure control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  3. Epilepsy in pregnancy - a primary care approach
    Zainuddin Z, Tan CK
    Family Physician, 2003;12:9-11.
    Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in pregnancy. The effects of epilepsy include congenital abnormalities which are increased 2-3 fold. The babies born suffer from haemorrhagic disease of newborn. Preconception management and folic acid supplementation is important in optimizing outcome. With close monitoring and proper management, more than 90% of mothers have no complications throughout their pregnancy. Hormonal contraception dosage need to be increased due to the enzyme inducing nature of the anti epileptics drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  4. Fulltext Epilepsy and comorbidities: towards unravelling the common underlying mechanisms
    Paudel, Yam Nath, Lisgaras, Christos Panagiotis, Lim, Kheng Seang, Shaikh, Mohd. Farooq
    Neuroscience Research Notes, 2018;1(3):1-4.
    MyJurnal
    Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by the rapid occurrence of epileptic seizures affecting approximately 70 million people worldwide[1,2]. The quality of life of people with epilepsy (PWE) is challenged by a series of comorbidities that might include neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders (cognitive decline, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism) as well as metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases[3]. Neurobehavioral and other comorbidities might share a reciprocal and complex relationship with epileptogenesis and ictogenesis thus biomarkers of the former might be useful for the prediction of the latter and vice versa[4].
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  5. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a novel frontier in epileptogenesis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic approaches
    Paudel YN, Semple BD, Jones NC, Othman I, Shaikh MF
    J Neurochem, 2019 12;151(5):542-557.
    PMID: 30644560 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14663
    Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition exhibiting complex pathology and deserving of more serious attention. More than 30% of people with epilepsy are not responsive to more than 20 anti-epileptic drugs currently available, reflecting an unmet clinical need for novel therapeutic strategies. Not much is known about the pathogenesis of epilepsy, but evidence indicates that neuroinflammation might contribute to the onset and progression of epilepsy following acquired brain insults. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathophysiological processes are yet to be fully understood. The emerging research suggests that high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a DNA-binding protein that is both actively secreted by inflammatory cells and released by necrotic cells, might contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. HMGB1 as an initiator and amplifier of neuroinflammation, and its activation is implicated in the propagation of seizures in animal models. The current review will highlight the potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and implications of HMGB1-targeted therapies against epilepsy. HMGB1 in this context is an emerging concept deserving further exploration. Increased understanding of HMGB1 in seizures and epilepsy will pave the way in designing novel and innovative therapeutic strategies that could modify the disease course or prevent its development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  6. Fulltext Validity and reliability of the Chinese parent proxy and child self-report health related quality of life measure for children with epilepsy (CHEQOL-25) in Malaysia
    Wo, Su Woan, Lai, Pauline Siew Mei, Ong, Lai Choo, Low, Wah Yun, Lim, Kheng Seang, Tay, Chee Geap, et al.
    Neurology Asia, 2016;21(3):235-245.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: To determine the validity and reliability of the Chinese parent proxy and child self-report
    health related quality of life measure for children with epilepsy (CHEQOL-25) in Malaysia. Methods:
    Face and content validity of the Chinese parent proxy and child self-report CHEQOL-25 was verified
    by an expert panel, and piloted in five children with epilepsy (CWE). The Chinese CHEQOL-25 was
    then administered to 40 parent proxies and their CWE (aged 8-18 years), from two tertiary hospitals,
    at baseline and 2 weeks later. Results: Forty parents and their CWE were recruited. Cronbach’s alpha
    for each subscale ranged from 0.56-0.83. At test-retest, the interclass correlation for all items ranged
    from 0.68-0.97. Items 8 and 25 were removed as their corrected item-total correlation values were
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  7. Fulltext Suicidal ideation amongst epilepsy patients in a tertiary centre
    Rafiz Abdul Rani, Rosdinom Razali
    Neurology Asia, 2014;19(2):129-136.
    MyJurnal
    Background and Objective: Epilepsy and depression are interlinked and lead to an increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide. Although depression is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation in epilepsy patients, epilepsy itself is independently associated with suicidal ideation. There are various other factors related to epilepsy that further increase this risk. Methods: We conducted a study of suicidal-ideation amongst epilepsy patients in our centre. Demographic data and clinical history were obtained while suicidal ideation was determined using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Beck’s Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II) was used to identify presence of depression. Results: We recruited 80 patients with epilepsy and an equal number of controls. Epilepsy patients were more likely to be depressed with a mean BDI-II score of 9.09 ±6.48 compared to controls who has a mean score of 5.56 ±4.56. The proportion of epilepsy patients with suicidal ideation was 33.75% vs. 5.00% in the control group (p 3 anti-epileptic drugs or prior head surgery. Our findings suggest that assessment of suicidal ideation is pertinent in high-risk epilepsy patients and should be routinely carried out in the clinical setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  8. Fulltext Comorbid charles bonnet syndrome in tourette disorder: a case report
    Renganathan, A. Kanni, Maniam, T.
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;10(2):194-198.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This is a case report discussing about the Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS). CBS is a condition in which extremely vivid and well-formed visual hallucinations occur episodically with great profusion. They are typically experienced in clear consciousness, and
    the insight is either retained or very quickly attained into the unreal nature of the phenomena. Method: We report a case of a 70 year-old Malaysian male who has been suffering from Tourette disorder for the past 40 years and was blind bilaterally. Results: He presented with episodic, nocturnal visual hallucinations. These occurred in clear
    consciousness and the patient’s insight to these experiences was retained. There was no history of any other major psychiatric illness in this patient. Conclusion: This case illustrates a diagnosis of CBS with the differential diagnoses of epilepsy and other organic conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  9. Fulltext An initial study of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of pesticides use among oil palm workers in Johor
    Marina Mior, S.N., Leman, A.M., Masripan, R., Baharudin, M.R., M. Faazir T., M. Ifwat A.
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):117-121.
    MyJurnal
    An awareness of possible risk factor in pesticides, by changing attitude towards the correct technique during spraying and
    changing behavior can increase safety of workers safety as well as performance. However, there is a limited study and not highlighted
    deeply in knowledge, attitude and practices of workers in palm oil plantation issue. Therefore , the objective of this paper is to identify
    the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practices of pesticides among the plantation workers. The quantitative method were
    used in this paper whereby 132 respondents as pesticide sprayer which represent 90% of the population of palm oil workers in Johor.
    The result of spearman correlation indicates that there is significant relationship between knowledge and practices. It shows the
    common pattern of high knowledge resulting high practices of the workers during spraying the pesticides at plantation. There is no
    relationship between knowledge and attitude and between attitude and practice of the workers at the workplace. This paper shows that
    knowledge need to be strengthen in agricultural communities of Johor in order to reduce health problem and sosial issue statistic and
    prevent for any future accident. Human exposure to pesticides is an important health and sosial issue as it usually results in serious
    health problems such as stroke, epilepsy, respiratory disorders and cancer. Death has been known to occur in some places as a result
    of exposures to pesticides. Therefore, more impact knowledge-focused programs need to be arranged and implemented to inculcate
    the better awareness of pesticides among palm oil workers, as without knowledge, people may become less careful and therefore are
    exposed to pesticide poisoning and other long term exposure illness in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  10. Fulltext A Systematic Review on Non-mammalian Models in Epilepsy Research
    Johan Arief MF, Choo BKM, Yap JL, Kumari Y, Shaikh MF
    Front Pharmacol, 2018;9:655.
    PMID: 29997502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00655
    Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by seizures which result in distinctive neurobiological and behavioral impairments. Not much is known about the causes of epilepsy, making it difficult to devise an effective cure for epilepsy. Moreover, clinical studies involving epileptogenesis and ictogenesis cannot be conducted in humans due to ethical reasons. As a result, animal models play a crucial role in the replication of epileptic seizures. In recent years, non-mammalian models have been given a primary focus in epilepsy research due to their advantages. This systematic review aims to summarize the importance of non-mammalian models in epilepsy research, such as in the screening of anti-convulsive compounds. The reason for this review is to integrate currently available information on the use and importance of non-mammalian models in epilepsy testing to aid in the planning of future studies as well as to provide an overview of the current state of this field. A PRISMA model was utilized and PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect and SCOPUS were searched for articles published between January 2007 and November 2017. Fifty-one articles were finalized based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were discussed in this review. The results of this review demonstrated the current use of non-mammalian models in epilepsy research and reaffirmed their potential to supplement the typical rodent models of epilepsy in future research into both epileptogenesis and the treatment of epilepsy. This review also revealed a preference for zebrafish and fruit flies in lieu of other non-mammalian models, which is a shortcoming that should be corrected in future studies due to the great potential of these underutilized animal models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  11. Fulltext Molecular Genetic Characterization of Patients With Focal Epilepsy Using a Customized Targeted Resequencing Gene Panel
    Tsai MH, Chan CK, Chang YC, Lin CH, Liou CW, Chang WN, et al.
    Front Neurol, 2018;9:515.
    PMID: 30034362 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00515
    Objective: Focal epilepsy is the most common subtype of epilepsies in which the influence of underlying genetic factors is emerging but remains largely uncharacterized. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of currently known disease-causing genes in a large cohort (n = 593) of common focal non-lesional epilepsy patients. Methods: The customized focal epilepsy gene panel (21 genes) was based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq platform. Results: Eleven variants (1.85%) were considered as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, including seven novel mutations. There were three SCN1A (p.Leu890Pro, p.Arg1636Ter, and p.Met1714Val), three PRRT2 (two p.Arg217Profs*8 and p.Leu298Pro), two CHRNA4 (p.Ser284Leu, p.Ile321Asn), one DEPDC5 (p.Val516Ter), one PCDH19 (p.Asp233Asn), and one SLC2A1 (p.Ser414Ter) variants. Additionally, 16 other rare variants were classified as unknown significance due to inconsistent phenotype or lack of segregation data. Conclusion: Currently known focal epilepsy genes only explained a very small subset of focal epilepsy patients. This indicates that the underlying genetic architecture of focal epilepsies is very heterogeneous and more novel genes are likely to be discovered. Our study highlights the usefulness, challenges and limitations of using the multi-gene panel as a diagnostic test in routine clinical practice in patients with focal epilepsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  12. Fulltext Use of complementary and alternative medicine and adherence to antiepileptic drug therapy among epilepsy patients: a systematic review
    Farrukh MJ, Makmor-Bakry M, Hatah E, Tan HJ
    Patient Prefer Adherence, 2018;12:2111-2121.
    PMID: 30349205 DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S179031
    Purpose: To identify the use pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and its impact on antiepileptic drug (AED) adherence among patients with epilepsy.

    Method: Potential studies were identified through a systematic search of Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The keywords used to identify relevant articles were "adherence," "AED," "epilepsy," "non-adherence," and "complementary and alternative medicine." An article was included in the review if the study met the following criteria: 1) conducted in epilepsy patients, 2) conducted in patients aged 18 years and above, 3) conducted in patients prescribed AEDs, and 4) patients' adherence to AEDs.

    Results: A total of 3,330 studies were identified and 30 were included in the final analysis. The review found that the AED non-adherence rate reported in the studies was between 25% and 66%. The percentage of CAM use was found to be between 7.5% and 73.3%. The most common reason for inadequate AED therapy and higher dependence on CAM was the patients' belief that epilepsy had a spiritual or psychological cause, rather than primarily being a disease of the brain. Other factors for AED non-adherence were forgetfulness, specific beliefs about medications, depression, uncontrolled recent seizures, and frequent medication dosage.

    Conclusion: The review found a high prevalence of CAM use and non-adherence to AEDs among epilepsy patients. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the association between CAM usage and AED adherence. Future studies may wish to explore the influence of CAM use on AED medication adherence.

    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  13. Prevalence and factors of verbal learning and memory dysfunction in patients with epilepsy - A single centre study
    Subramaniam SR, Khoo CS, Raymond AA, Che Din N, Syed Zakaria SZ, Tan HJ
    J Clin Neurosci, 2020 Mar;73:31-36.
    PMID: 32094071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.02.003
    The objective of this study is to determine prevalence and factors leading to verbal learning and memory dysfunction among patients with epilepsy. A total of 211 subjects were recruited. Their verbal memory was assessed by Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). This test was further subdivided into four major spheres for analysis, namely the verbal learning, interference list, immediate memory and delayed memory. All data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Among the 211 patients, 55% (n = 116) had focal seizures and the remaining 45% (n = 95) had generalized seizures. Prevalence of verbal learning and memory impairment was high at 39.97% overall, and found most commonly in patients with focal impaired awareness seizures. Verbal learning and immediate memory dysfunction were significantly lower in focal impaired awareness group compared to others. Age more than 50 years, exposure to three or more antiepileptic drugs and use of carbamazepine more than 1000 mg a day were the predictors in poor verbal memory outcome. No statistical difference was observed in the mean RAVLT scores among the gender and hand dominance groups. Between patients with and without electroencephalogram changes as well as brain magnetic resonance imaging changes, the mean RAVLT scores showed no statistically significant difference. Verbal learning and memory impairment is prevalent among the epilepsy patients. The consequences of the memory impairment can be as debilitating as the seizure control. RAVLT is a reliable and practical test in the clinical setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy/drug therapy; Epilepsy/epidemiology*; Epilepsy/psychology
  14. Fulltext A post hoc analysis of the long-term safety and efficacy of perampanel in Asian patients with epilepsy
    Inoue Y, Kaneko S, Hsieh PF, Meshram C, Lee SA, Aziz ZA, et al.
    Epilepsia, 2019 03;60 Suppl 1:60-67.
    PMID: 30869167 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14645
    This post hoc analysis assessed the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of perampanel in Asian patients with refractory focal seizures; an additional analysis assessed the effect of perampanel on focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic (FBTC) seizures. In this subanalysis, data from Asian patients ≥12 years of age who had focal seizures with FBTC seizures despite taking one to 3 concomitant antiepileptic drugs at baseline, and who had entered either the long-term extension phase of 3 phase-3 perampanel trials (study 307) or the 10-week extension phase of study 335, were analyzed for the effect of perampanel on duration of exposure, safety, and seizure outcomes. Of 874 Asian patients included in the analysis, 205 had previously received placebo during the double-blind phase-3 trials and 669 had previously received perampanel 2-12 mg/day; 313 had FIAS with FBTC seizures at core study baseline. The median duration of exposure to perampanel was 385.0 days, and the retention rate at one year was 62.6%. Overall, during the first 52 weeks of perampanel treatment, 777 patients (88.9%) had treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), most of which were mild to moderate in severity. The most frequent TEAEs were dizziness (47.1%), somnolence (22.3%), and nasopharyngitis (17.4%). During the first 52 weeks of perampanel treatment, median percent change in seizure frequency per 28 days from pre-perampanel baseline for all focal seizures was -28.1%, and -51.7% for FIAS with FBTC seizures. The 50% responder rate relative to pre-perampanel baseline for all focal seizures was 33.8%, and 51.1% for FIAS with FBTC seizures. Long-term treatment with perampanel in Asian patients had safety, tolerability, and efficacy similar to that of the global population in the phase-3 trials and extension study 307. The safety profile and response rate suggest benefit for an Asian population of patients with refractory epilepsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistant Epilepsy/drug therapy; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/drug therapy*
  15. Cardiorespiratory findings in epilepsy: A recent review on outcomes and pathophysiology
    Akyüz E, Üner AK, Köklü B, Arulsamy A, Shaikh MF
    J Neurosci Res, 2021 09;99(9):2059-2073.
    PMID: 34109651 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24861
    Epilepsy is a debilitating disorder of uncontrollable recurrent seizures that occurs as a result of imbalances in the brain excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signals, that could stem from a range of functional and structural neuronal impairments. Globally, nearly 70 million people are negatively impacted by epilepsy and its comorbidities. One such comorbidity is the effect epilepsy has on the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which plays a role in the control of blood circulation, respiration and gastrointestinal function. These epilepsy-induced impairments in the circulatory and respiratory systems may contribute toward sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Although, various hypotheses have been proposed regarding the role of epilepsy on ANS, the linking pathological mechanism still remains unclear. Channelopathies and seizure-induced damages in ANS-control brain structures were some of the causal/pathological candidates of cardiorespiratory comorbidities in epilepsy patients, especially in those who were drug resistant. However, emerging preclinical research suggest that neurotransmitter/receptor dysfunction and synaptic changes in the ANS may also contribute to the epilepsy-related autonomic disorders. Thus, pathological mechanisms of cardiorespiratory dysfunction should be elucidated by considering the modifications in anatomy and physiology of the autonomic system caused by seizures. In this regard, we present a comprehensive review of the current literature, both clinical and preclinical animal studies, on the cardiorespiratory findings in epilepsy and elucidate the possible pathological mechanisms of these findings, in hopes to prevent SUDEP especially in patients who are drug resistant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy/diagnosis; Epilepsy/physiopathology*; Epilepsy/therapy
  16. Deep convolutional neural network for the automated detection and diagnosis of seizure using EEG signals
    Acharya UR, Oh SL, Hagiwara Y, Tan JH, Adeli H
    Comput Biol Med, 2018 09 01;100:270-278.
    PMID: 28974302 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.09.017
    An encephalogram (EEG) is a commonly used ancillary test to aide in the diagnosis of epilepsy. The EEG signal contains information about the electrical activity of the brain. Traditionally, neurologists employ direct visual inspection to identify epileptiform abnormalities. This technique can be time-consuming, limited by technical artifact, provides variable results secondary to reader expertise level, and is limited in identifying abnormalities. Therefore, it is essential to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system to automatically distinguish the class of these EEG signals using machine learning techniques. This is the first study to employ the convolutional neural network (CNN) for analysis of EEG signals. In this work, a 13-layer deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm is implemented to detect normal, preictal, and seizure classes. The proposed technique achieved an accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of 88.67%, 90.00% and 95.00%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  17. Fulltext Epilepsy Surgery in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia: Our Experiences since 2004
    Yee AS, Tharakan J, Idris Z, Bhaskar S, Halim SA, Razak SA, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Dec;24(6):97-102.
    PMID: 29379392 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.6.12
    Epilepsy surgery has been performed by a few centres in Malaysia, including Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). To date, a total of 15 patients have undergone epilepsy surgery in HUSM. The epilepsy surgery included anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) with amygdalohippocampectomy (AH) and Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS). The surgical outcomes of the patients were assessed using the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) outcome scale. The ILAE scores for patients who underwent ATL with AH were comparatively better than those who underwent VNS. One of the patient who underwent ATL with AH and frontal lesionectomy was found to have psychosis during follow up. Epilepsy surgery has proven to be an important treatment for medically resistant epilepsy. Thus it is important to raise public awareness regarding epilepsy and its treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy
  18. Fulltext Rapid and simultaneous quantification of levetiracetam and its carboxylic metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
    Yeap LL, Lo YL
    PLoS One, 2014;9(11):e111544.
    PMID: 25375249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111544
    A simple liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated according to the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for a simultaneous quantification of levetiracetam (LEV) and its metabolite, UCB L057 in the plasma of patients. A 0.050 mL plasma sample was prepared by a simple and direct protein precipitation with 0.450 mL acetonitrile (ACN) containing 1 µg/mL of internal standard (IS, diphenhydramine), then vortex mixed and centrifuged. A 0.100 mL of the clear supernatant was diluted with 0.400 mL water and well mixed. A 0.010 mL of the resultant solution was injected into an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 3.5 µm) column with an isocratic elution at 0.5 mL/min using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid in water and ACN (40:60 v/v). Detection was performed using an AB Sciex API 3000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with a Turbo Ion Spray source, operating in a positive mode: LEV at transition 171.1>154.1, UCB L057 at 172.5>126.1, and IS at 256.3>167.3; with an assay run time of 2 minutes. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for both LEV and UCB L057 was validated at 0.5 µg/mL, while their lower limit of detection (LOD) was 0.25 µg/mL. The calibration curves were linear between 0.5 and 100 µg/mL for both analytes. The inaccuracy and imprecision of both intra-assay and inter-assay were less than 10%. Matrix effects were consistent between sources of plasma and the recoveries of all compounds were between 100% and 110%. Stability was established under various storage and processing conditions. The carryovers from both LEV and UCB L057 were less than 6% of the LLOQ and 0.13% of the IS. This assay method has been successfully applied to a population pharmacokinetic study of LEV in patients with epilepsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy/blood
  19. Fulltext GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism and epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Haerian BS, Baum L
    Seizure, 2013 Jan;22(1):53-8.
    PMID: 23140995 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2012.10.007
    PURPOSE: The gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, gamma 2 (GABRG2) gene encodes the GABRγ2 protein, which has been implicated in susceptibility to epilepsy. Several studies have examined a possible link between the exonic GABRG2 rs211037 locus and susceptibility to febrile seizure (FS) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), however results have been inconclusive. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether this polymorphism is associated with FS or IGE.
    METHODS: Eight studies comprising 1871 epilepsy patients and 1387 controls, which evaluated association of the GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism with susceptibility to epilepsy, were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was carried out separately for FS and IGE.
    RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed a significant association between this polymorphism and susceptibility to FS in a codominant (TT vs. CC, OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.73, p=0.0008 and TT vs. CT, OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.83, p=0.003) and dominant (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39-0.75, p=0.0002) genetic models, influenced by two studies with small sample size. Neither allele nor genotype association was observed with IGE.
    CONCLUSION: This study showed significant association of GABRG2 rs211037 with susceptibility to FS, caused by two studies with small sample sizes, however the possibility of false positive results due to the effect of significant studies for FS cannot be excluded. Future studies with larger sample sizes of these patients are suggested to verify the results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy/genetics*
  20. Quality of life of patients with epilepsy in Malaysia
    Mohamed S, Gill JS, Tan CT
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2014 Mar;6(1):105-9.
    PMID: 23857866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00192.x
    To determine the quality of life of patients with epilepsy and its relationship with depression, and the clinical and sociodemographic variables.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy/psychology*
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