This study involved evaluation of the elbows of 50 children between 4 to 14 years of age. Clinical examination for elbow flexion, extension, range of motion and carrying angle were performed, followed by ultrasonographic examination to determine position of the ulnar nerve in relation to the medial epicondyle upon elbow flexion and extension. Thirty-one elbows showed anterior displacement of the ulnar nerve, of which 14 were due to subluxation and 17 to dislocation. We found that anterior translation of ulnar nerve is present in the elbows up to 31% of children, especially those with increased range of elbow motion.
Automatic data annotation eliminates most of the challenges we faced due to the manual methods of annotating sensor data. It significantly improves users’ experience during sensing activities since their active involvement in the labeling process is reduced. An unsupervised learning technique such as clustering can be used to automatically annotate sensor data. However, the lingering issue with clustering is the validation of generated clusters. In this paper, we adopted the k-means clustering algorithm for annotating unlabeled sensor data for the purpose of detecting sensitive location information of mobile crowd sensing users. Furthermore, we proposed a cluster validation index for the k-means algorithm, which is based on Multiple Pair-Frequency. Thereafter, we trained three classifiers (Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Naïve Bayes) using cluster labels generated from the k-means clustering algorithm. The accuracy, precision, and recall of these classifiers were evaluated during the classification of “non-sensitive” and “sensitive” data from motion and location sensors. Very high accuracy scores were recorded from Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbor classifiers while a fairly high accuracy score was recorded from the Naïve Bayes classifier. With the hybridized machine learning (unsupervised and supervised) technique presented in this paper, unlabeled sensor data was automatically annotated and then classified.
Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 5(2): 1-8, 2016 - The objective of this
study was to determine the number of familiarisation sessions required for isokinetic knee
extension and flexion in female varsity athletes. Thirty right footed dominance female varsity
athletes (n=30; age: 21.73 ±0.22 years, body mass index (BMI): 22.58 ±0.52 kg/m2), with no
history of knee injuries were recruited. The design started with either with the dominant or
non-dominant limb, followed by the opposite limb. Four sets of isokinetic maximal voluntary
contraction at 60 o/s were performed for each limb. The results showed that for knee
extension regardless of which limb starts first is 2 sessions, however for knee flexion, 3
sessions is required for dominant limb while 2 for non-dominant. In addition, the presence of
cross-education effect is observed for knee flexion from non-dominant to dominant limb,
where the number of session was reduced from three to two. In conclusion, we propose that
two sessions of familiarisation are required for female varsity athletes and should begin with the non-dominant limb followed by dominant limb.
Anthropometric study is one of the oldest branches of study in ergonomics where it serves a purpose in study of
proportion and size for human body. One of the common methods used in anthropometric measurement is traditional
measurement or direct measurement. However, Malaysia is still left behind other countries in development of national
anthropometric database. Researchers in Malaysia are still relying on the traditional anthropometric (TA)
measurement. There are several important factors that contribute to problems in TA such as accuracy, time, posture,
identification of landmarks, instrument positions and orientations, and pressure exerted due to measuring equipment. In
view of the fact that the difficulties of obtaining human anthropometry, it becomes necessary to propose a method which
has less contact executed to respondent. This study aims to propose a new anthropometric measurement method using
motion capture camera (MCC) method, later to develop the database for youth male population. A pilot test was done
in order to confirm the measuring procedure as well as the flow of the study. Next, the Minitab statistical software used
to check the validity and reliability of data using the tests of a) Accuracy-Pearson/Spearman Correlation b) BiasPaired
T-Test c) Test-Retest Reliability-Pearson/Spearman Correlation d) Precision-Mean Absolute Difference and
Relative Error Measurement. Results showed that the validity and reliability of this motion camera has successfully
obtained and the anthropometric data for youth male respondents has successfully constructed. These findings can be
used and expended to the national anthropometric database to be utilised in ergonomics design.
We present an unusual case of five months old neglected anterior dislocation of the right elbow joint in a 19-year old man. The patient had been initially treated by a traditional bone setter, but the elbow remained unreduced. He presented to us with pain, deformity and limited range of motion of his right elbow joint. Radiographs revealed an unreduced anterior dislocation of the right elbow joint. We describe the problems encountered during open reduction and rehabilitation and result one year after the operation with the patient having a stable elbow and a functional range of motion.
The Malacca Straits is located between Peninsula Malaysia and Sumatra Island. This investigation used equation of motion (Navier-Stokes equation) with the following driving forces: tides, wind of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for year of 2007, salinity and temperature. The equation of motion was solved by means of Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM). The results for both southwest and northeast monsoon were explained and discussed. The simulation results both for February and August 2007 were relatively similar. Current surface simulation in the Malacca Straits agrees well with the current pattern of previous works. The magnitude of current was between 10-70 cm/s to the northwest. While at the layer 30-50 m in the Malacca Straits, the currents have the magnitude of 10-30 cm/s towards northwest. For the bottom current, the current speed was 0-20 cm/s towards northwest. For the surface and 30-50 m layer, generally the current magnitudes were greater in February compared to those in August. While for the bottom layer, the current magnitudes between February and August were relatively the same.
Scopolamine as a drug is often used to treat motion sickness. Derivatives of scopolamine have also found applications as antispasmodic drugs among others. In neuroscience-related research, it is often used to induce cognitive disorders in experimental models as it readily permeates the bloodbrain barrier. In the context of Alzheimer's disease, its effects include causing cholinergic dysfunction and increasing amyloid-β deposition, both of which are hallmarks of the disease. Hence, the application of scopolamine in Alzheimer's disease research is proven pivotal but seldom discussed. In this review, the relationship between scopolamine and Alzheimer's disease will be delineated through an overall effect of scopolamine administration and its specific mechanisms of action, discussing mainly its influences on cholinergic function and amyloid cascade. The validity of scopolamine as a model of cognitive impairment or neurotoxin model will also be discussed in terms of advantages and limitations with future insights.
In the present research, aluminum oxide- water (Al2O3-H2O) nanofluid free convection due to magnetic forces through a permeable cubic domain with ellipse shaped obstacle has been reported. Lattice Boltzmann approach is involved to depict the impacts of magnetic, buoyancy forces and permeability on nanoparticles migration. To predict properties of Al2O3- water nanofluid, Brownian motion impact has been involved. Outcomes revels that considering higher magnetic forces results in greater conduction mechanism. Permeability can enhance the temperature gradient.
The paper presents a feasibility study for heart rate measurement using a digital camera to perform health monitoring. The feasibility study investigates the reliability of the state of the art heart rate measuring methods in realistic situations. Therefore, an experiment was designed and carried out on 45 subjects to investigate the effects caused by illumination, motion, skin tone, and distance variance. The experiment was conducted for two main scenarios; human-computer interaction scenario and health monitoring scenario. The human-computer scenario investigated the effects caused by illumination variance, motion variance, and skin tone variance. The health monitoring scenario investigates the feasibility of health monitoring at public spaces (i.e. airports, subways, malls). Five state of the art heart rate measuring methods were re-implemented and tested with the feasibility study database. The results were compared with ground truth to estimate the heart rate measurement error. The heart rate measurement error was analyzed using mean error, standard deviation; root means square error and Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings of this experiment inferred promising results for health monitoring of subjects standing at a distance of 500 cm.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of viscous dissipation on mixed convection flow of viscoelastic
nanofluid past a horizontal circular cylinder. Carboxymethyl cellulose solution (CMC) is chosen as the base fluid and
copper as a nanoparticle with the Prandtl number Pr = 6.2. The transformed boundary layer equations for momentum
and temperature subject to the appropriate boundary conditions are solved numerically by using Keller-box method. The
influenced of the dimensionless parameters such as Eckert number, mixed convection parameter, nanoparticles volume
fraction and viscoelastic parameter on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is analyzed in detail and presented
graphically. The results come out with the velocity profiles are increased while the temperature profiles are decreased
by increasing the values of nanoparticles volume fraction and viscoelastic parameter, respectively. The graph shows
that, increasing Eckert number the skin friction is also increases. The values of skin friction are increased by increasing
mixed convection parameter, but the values of Nusselt number produce an opposite behavior. The present study has many
applications especially in heat exchangers technology and oceanography. Therefore, in future, it is hoping to study the
viscoelastic nanofluid flow past a different geometric such as sphere and cylindrical cone.
Vibrational behaviour of symmetric angle-ply layered circular cylindrical shell filled with quiescent fluid is presented. The equations of motion of cylindrical shell in terms of stress and moment resultants are derived from the first order shear deformation theory. Irrotational of inviscid fluid are expressed as the wave equation. These two equations are coupled. Strain-displacement relations and stress-strain relations are adopted into the equations of motion to obtain the differential equations with displacements and rotational functions. A system of ordinary differential equation is obtained in one variable by assuming the functions in separable form. Spline of order three is applied to approximate the displacement and rotational functions, together with boundary conditions, to get a generalised eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue problem is solved for eigen frequency parameter and associate eigenvectors of spline coefficients. The study of frequency parameters are analysed using the parameters the thickness ratio, length ratio, angle-ply, properties of material and number of layers under different boundary conditions.
The differential production cross sections of B^{±} mesons are measured via the exclusive decay channels B^{±}→J/ψK^{±}→μ^{+}μ^{-}K^{±} as a function of transverse momentum in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV per nucleon pair with the CMS detector at the LHC. The pp(Pb-Pb) data set used for this analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 28.0 pb^{-1} (351 μb^{-1}). The measurement is performed in the B^{±} meson transverse momentum range of 7 to 50 GeV/c, in the rapidity interval |y|<2.4. In this kinematic range, a strong suppression of the production cross section by about a factor of 2 is observed in the Pb-Pb system in comparison to the expectation from pp reference data. These results are found to be roughly compatible with theoretical calculations incorporating beauty quark diffusion and energy loss in a quark-gluon plasma.
The first observation of electroweak production of same-sign W boson pairs in proton-proton collisions is reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Events are selected by requiring exactly two leptons (electrons or muons) of the same charge, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass. The observed significance of the signal is 5.5 standard deviations, where a significance of 5.7 standard deviations is expected based on the standard model. The ratio of measured event yields to that expected from the standard model at leading order is 0.90±0.22. A cross section measurement in a fiducial region is reported. Bounds are given on the structure of quartic vector boson interactions in the framework of dimension-8 effective field theory operators and on the production of doubly charged Higgs bosons.
Low back pain (LBP) can result in increased direct medical and non-medical costs to patients, employers, and health care providers. This systematic review aimed to provide a better understanding of the biomechanical factors associated with chronic non-specific LBP in adults. SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched. In total, 26 studies were included and significant differences were noted between healthy controls and LBP patients in various motion. Biomechanical factors among adults with non-specific LBP were altered and differed as compared to healthy controls in various motion might be to compensate the pain during those motions. This review highlighted the biomechanical differences across those with non-specific LBP and healthy adults. Both groups showed a similar level of pain during functional tasks but LBP patients suffered from a moderate level of disability. Future studies should not rely on questionnaire-based pain scale only. The biomechanical factors summarized in this review can be used to diagnose non-specific LBP accurately, and as modifiable targets for exercise-based intervention.
Patient movement during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan can cause severe degradation of image quality. In Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI), several echoes are typically measured during a single repetition period, where the earliest echoes show less contrast between various tissues, while the later echoes are more susceptible to artifacts and signal dropout. In this paper, we propose a knowledge interaction paradigm that jointly learns feature details from multiple distorted echoes by sharing their knowledge with unified training parameters, thereby simultaneously reducing motion artifacts of all echoes. This is accomplished by developing a new scheme that boosts a Single Encoder with Multiple Decoders (SEMD), which assures that the generated features not only get fused but also learned together. We called the proposed method Knowledge Interaction Learning between Multi-Echo data (KIL-ME-based SEMD). The proposed KIL-ME-based SEMD allows to share information and gain an understanding of the correlations between the multiple echoes. The main purpose of this work is to correct the motion artifacts and maintain image quality and structure details of all motion-corrupted echoes towards generating high-resolution susceptibility enhanced contrast images, i.e., SWI, using a weighted average of multi-echo motion-corrected acquisitions. We also compare various potential strategies that might be used to address the problem of reducing artifacts in multi-echoes data. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, reducing the severity of motion artifacts and improving the overall clinical image quality of all echoes with their associated SWI maps. Significant improvement of image quality is observed using both motion-simulated test data and actual volunteer data with various motion severity strengths. Eventually, by enhancing the overall image quality, the proposed network can increase the effectiveness of the physicians' capability to evaluate and correctly diagnose brain MR images.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate perceptions of a Royal College of Psychiatrists promotional film among Malaysian medical students.
METHODS: Year 3 (n=108) and Year 5 (n=108) students completed separate standard measures of attitudes to psychiatry: the ATP 30 and Balon scales, respectively. A questionnaire was also administered recording students' socio-demographic information, career preferences, perceptions of the film's effectiveness and its influence on career choice. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of responses were performed.
RESULTS: The overall response rate was 95.5%. Mean career preference ranking for psychiatry was higher for Year 5 than for Year 3 (p=0.025). For most Year 3 (64.8%) and Year 5 (58.3%) respondents the film conveyed a positive image of psychiatry. Fewer perceived it as influencing career choice: 31.4% for Year 3 and 27.2% for Year 5. Higher scores on both attitudinal scales correlated positively with increasing likelihood of students rating the film positively (Year 3: p=0.000; Year 5: p=0.003). Thematic content analysis suggested possible socio-cultural influences on students' perceptions.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite conveying a positive image of psychiatry, promotional films may have limited impact in changing students' attitudes towards psychiatry and in increasing interest in psychiatry as a career.
KEYWORDS: attitudes; medical students; psychiatry; stigma and discrimination; transcultural psychiatry
In this study, we analyzed the crosstalk in mechanomyographic (MMG) signals generated by the extensor digitorum (ED), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles of the forearm during wrist flexion (WF) and extension (WE) and radial (RD) and ulnar (UD) deviations.
Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology*
In mechanomyography (MMG), crosstalk refers to the contamination of the signal from the muscle of interest by the signal from another muscle or muscle group that is in close proximity.
Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology
This study examined the kinematic differences between a body-powered prosthesis and a biomechatronics prosthesis as a transradial amputee performed activities that involve flexion/extension and supination/pronation of the wrist.
Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology*
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a pre-exercise warm-up on hip dynamic range of motion (DROM) during instep kicking in professional soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from 18 professional adult male soccer players (height: 180.38 ± 7.34 cm; mass: 69.77 ± 9.73 kg; age: 19.22 ± 1.83 years) using 4 3-dimensional digital video cameras at 50 Hz. Hip DROM at backward, forward, and follow-through phases (instep kick phases) after different warm-up protocols consisting of static, dynamic, and no-stretching on 3 nonconsecutive test days were captured for analysis. During the backswing phase, there was no difference in DROM after the dynamic stretching compared with the static stretching relative to the no-stretching method. There was a significant difference in DROM after the dynamic stretching compared with the static stretching relative to the no-stretching method during (a) the forward phase with p < 0.03, (b) the follow-through phase with p < 0.01, and (c) all phases with p < 0.01. We concluded that professional soccer players can perform a higher DROM of the hip joint during the instep kick after dynamic stretching incorporated in warm-ups, hence increasing the chances of scoring and injury prevention during soccer games.
Matched MeSH terms: Range of Motion, Articular/physiology*