Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 309 in total

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  1. Fulltext The girl with rapunzel syndrome
    Norly, S., Noor Saadah, I., Ros'aini, P.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2015;14(1):99-101.
    MyJurnal
    Rapunzel syndrome is a syndrome whereby a gastric trichobezoar (hair ball) extends through the pylorus, in the form of a long tail, to cause gastric outlet obstruction. It was first described by Vaughan et al. in 1968. The syndrome is mostly seen in young females with psychiatric illness. Presentations can be non-specific especially in the early stages. If left untreated it may leads to severe complications, which may include gastric ulceration, intestinal obstruction, perforated viscus and obstructive jaundice. Treatment is essentially surgical and psychi- atric consultation is necessary to prevent relapses. We present the case of a 26-year-old mentally subnormal lady with gastric trichobezoar and provide a review of the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer
  2. Fulltext The Microenvironment in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies
    Tan GW, Visser L, Tan LP, van den Berg A, Diepstra A
    Pathogens, 2018 04 13;7(2).
    PMID: 29652813 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020040
    The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause a wide variety of cancers upon infection of different cell types and induces a highly variable composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME). This TME consists of both innate and adaptive immune cells and is not merely an aspecific reaction to the tumor cells. In fact, latent EBV-infected tumor cells utilize several specific mechanisms to form and shape the TME to their own benefit. These mechanisms have been studied largely in the context of EBV+ Hodgkin lymphoma, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and EBV+ gastric cancer. This review describes the composition, immune escape mechanisms, and tumor cell promoting properties of the TME in these three malignancies. Mechanisms of susceptibility which regularly involve genes related to immune system function are also discussed, as only a small proportion of EBV-infected individuals develops an EBV-associated malignancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms
  3. Fulltext Clinical and histopathological relevance of helicobacter pylori BabA2 genotype
    Tariq Elhashim, M. Imad Mustafa Mahmud, Nasser Amjad, Norra Harun, Imad M. Alani
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(2):43-49.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: H. pylori BabA is an outer membrane protein that mediates bacterial adherence to the gastric
    epithelium, triggers several pathways during the course of infection, and thus contributes to the disease
    development. Considering the variability in the presence of BabA coding gene (babA2) among H. pylori
    clinical strains, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the genotype status of H. pylori
    babA2 and the severity of clinical and histopathological outcomes. Methods: Gastric mucosal biopsy
    specimens were collected from 30 CLO test-positive patients, 16 with gastritis and 14 with peptic ulcer
    disease. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect the presence of H. pylori-specific glmM gene
    and BabA coding gene (babA2). Histopathological examination was performed to evaluate the severity of H.
    pylori-associated gastric disease according to the Updated Sydney Classification System. Results: The glmM
    and babA2 genes were present in 100% and 86.7% of the tested H. pylori strains, respectively. Although
    higher degrees of inflammatory activity and H. pylori density were noted in babA2-positive biopsy
    specimens, there was no statistically significant association between babA2 genotype status and the severity
    of gastric disease. Conclusion: The babA2 genotype status of H. pylori may not be considered as a sole
    marker for determining the infection outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Diseases
  4. Absorption, distribution and elimination behaviours of cadmium treated by in vitro DIN from WLP residue using SAAM II modeling
    Yasmin Mohd Idris Perama, Nur Shahidah Abdul Rashid, Syazwani Mohd Fadzil, Khoo Kok Siong
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:611-618.
    Mathematically, the human alimentary tract organs were simplified in the model structure as separate compartments with
    pathways of transfer that are kinetically homogenous and equally distributed. The development of gastro-compartment
    model follows the first order kinetics of differential equations to describe cadmium absorption, distribution and elimination
    in the human digestive system. With the aid of in vitro DIN assay, an artificial gastric and gastrointestinal fluid were
    prepared using water leach purification (WLP) residue as a sample that contained toxic metals cadmium. The Simulation,
    Analysis and Modelling II (SAAM II) V2.1 software is employed to design models easily, simulate experiments quickly and
    analyze data accurately. Based on the experimental inputs and fractional transfer rates parameter incorporated to the
    gastro-compartment model, the concentration of cadmium against time profile curves were plotted as the model output.
    The curve presented concentration of cadmium in both gastric and gastrointestinal fluid where initially absorption phase
    (first hour) occurred followed by the distribution phase (second to third hours) and elimination process (third to fifth
    hours). The concentration of cadmium obtained from the simulated model structures was in good agreement with the
    fitted model predicted measurements as statistical t-test conducted showed the values were not significantly different.
    Therefore, modeling approach with SAAM II software gave realistic and better estimation of cadmium dissolution into
    the human gastrointestinal tract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  5. Fulltext Methanol leaf extract ofActinodaphne sesquipedalis(Lauraceae) enhances gastric defense against ethanol-induced ulcer in rats
    Omar H, Nordin N, Hassandarvish P, Hajrezaie M, Azizan AHS, Fadaeinasab M, et al.
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2017;11:1353-1365.
    PMID: 28496305 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S120564
    Actinodaphne sesquipedalis
    Hook. F. Var. Glabra (Kochummen), also known as "Medang payung" by the Malay people, belongs to the Lauraceae family. In this study, methanol leaf extract ofA. sesquipedaliswas investigated for their acute toxicity and gastroprotective effects to reduce ulcers in rat stomachs induced by ethanol. The rats were assigned to one of five groups: normal group (group 1), ulcer group (group 2), control positive drug group (group 3) and two experimental groups treated with 150 mg/kg (group 4) and 300 mg/kg (group 5) of leaf extract. The rats were sacrificed an hour after pretreatment with extracts, and their stomach homogenates and tissues were collected for further evaluation. Macroscopic and histological analyses showed that gastric ulcers in rats pretreated with the extract were significantly reduced to an extent that it allowed leukocytes penetration of the gastric walls compared with the ulcer group. In addition, an ulcer inhibition rate of >70% was detected in rats treated with both doses ofA. sesquipedalisextract, showing a notable protection of gastric layer. Severe destruction of gastric mucosa was prevented with a high production of mucus and pH gastric contents in both omeprazole-treated and extract-treated groups. Meanwhile, an increase in glycoprotein uptake was observed in pretreated rats through accumulation of magenta color in Periodic Acid Schiff staining assay. Analysis of gastric homogenate from pretreated rats showed a reduction of malondialdehyde and elevation of nitric oxide, glutathione, prostaglandin E2, superoxide dismutase and protein concentration levels in comparison with group 2. Suppression of apoptosis in gastric tissues by upregulation of Hsp70 protein and downregulation of Bax protein was also observed in rats pretreated with extract. Consistent results of a reduction of gastric ulcer and the protection of gastric wall were obtained for rats pretreated withA. sesquipedalisextract, which showed its prominent gastroprotective potential in rats' stomach against ethanol-induced ulcer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced; Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy*; Stomach Ulcer/pathology
  6. Unexplained ascites, a sign for neuroendocrine carcinoma
    Mohd Kamil MK, Ngiu CS, Md Isa N, Yaacob Y Y, Deborah Chew CH, Wong ZQ, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 02;73(1):60-62.
    PMID: 29531208 MyJurnal
    Neuroendocrine neoplasm is an epithelial neoplasm with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation that can arise from many organs in the body. We reported a rare case of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma which accounts for less than 1% of all gastric tumours that is associated with poor prognosis. The recognition of this rare tumour in early stage is challenging and high suspicious into it might bring to early detection and so forth might improve the prognostication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms
  7. Fulltext Antisecretory, gastroprotective, antioxidant and anti-Helicobcter pylori activity of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith
    Sidahmed HM, Hashim NM, Abdulla MA, Ali HM, Mohan S, Abdelwahab SI, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(3):e0121060.
    PMID: 25798602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121060
    BACKGROUND: Zingiber zerumbet Smith is a perennial herb, broadly distributed in many tropical areas. In Malaysia, it's locally known among the Malay people as "lempoyang" and its rhizomes, particularly, is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease beyond other gastric disorders.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of zerumbone, the main bioactive compound of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome, against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were pre-treated with zerumbone and subsequently exposed to acute gastric ulcer induced by absolute ethanol administration. Following treatment, gastric juice acidity, ulcer index, mucus content, histological analysis (HE and PAS), immunohistochemical localization for HSP-70, prostaglandin E2 synthesis (PGE2), non-protein sulfhydryl gastric content (NP-SH), reduced glutathione level (GSH), and malondialdehyde level (MDA) were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcer in vivo. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and anti-H. pylori activity were investigated in vitro.

    RESULTS: The results showed that the intragastric administration of zerumbone protected the gastric mucosa from the aggressive effect of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, coincided with reduced submucosal edema and leukocyte infiltration. This observed gastroprotective effect of zerumbone was accompanied with a significant (p <0.05) effect of the compound to restore the lowered NP-SH and GSH levels, and to reduce the elevated MDA level into the gastric homogenate. Moreover, the compound induced HSP-70 up-regulation into the gastric tissue. Furthermore, zerumbone significantly (p <0.05) enhanced mucus production, showed intense PAS stain and maintained PG content near to the normal level. The compound exhibited antisecretory activity and an interesting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against H. pylori strain.

    CONCLUSION: The results of the present study revealed that zerumbone promotes ulcer protection, which might be attributed to the maintenance of mucus integrity, antioxidant activity, and HSP-70 induction. Zerumbone also exhibited antibacterial action against H. pylori.

    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced; Stomach Ulcer/metabolism; Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control*
  8. Fulltext Encapsulation of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Strain G4 within Bovine Gelatin-Genipin-Sodium Alginate Combinations: Optimisation Approach Using Face Central Composition Design-Response Surface Methodology (FCCD-RSM)
    Khalil KA, Mustafa S, Mohammad R, Ariff AB, Ahmad SA, Dahalan FA, et al.
    Int J Microbiol, 2019;2019:4208986.
    PMID: 31093290 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4208986
    Bovine gelatin is a biopolymer which has good potential to be used in encapsulating matrices for probiotic candidate Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum strain G4 (G4) because of its amphoteric nature characteristic. Beads were prepared by the extrusion method using genipin and sodium alginate as a cross-linking agent. The optimisation of bovine gelatin-genipin-sodium alginate combinations was carried out using face central composition design (FCCD) to investigate G4 beads' strength, before and after exposed to simulated gastric (SGF), intestinal fluids (SIF), and encapsulation yield. A result of ANOVA and the polynomial regression model revealed the combinations of all three factors have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the bead strength. Meanwhile, for G4 encapsulation yield, only genipin showed less significant effect on the response. However, the use of this matrix remained due to the intermolecular cross-linking ability with bovine gelatin. Optimum compositions of bovine gelatin-genipin-sodium alginate were obtained at 11.21% (w/v), 1.96 mM, and 2.60% (w/v), respectively. A model was validated for accurate prediction of the response and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) with experimental values.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  9. Fulltext What indigestion means to the malays?
    Lee YY, Chua AS
    J Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2013 Jul;19(3):295-300.
    PMID: 23875095 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.3.295
    Despite being a large ethnic group within the South-East Asia, there is a paucity of reported literatures on dyspepsia in the Malay population. Recent population-based studies indicate that uninvestigated dyspepsia, based on the Rome II criteria, is reported in 12.8% and 11.6% of Malays in the urban and rural communities respectively. Organic causes of dyspepsia including upper gastrointestinal tract cancers, its precancerous lesions, and erosive diseases are uncommon which is largely due to an exceptionally low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in this population. On the other hand, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are relatively common in the Malays than expected. Within a primary care setting, functional dyspepsia, based on the Rome III criteria, is reported in 11.9% of Malays, of which epigastric pain syndrome is found to be more common. Married Malay females are more likely to have functional dyspepsia and psychosocial alarm symptoms. Also based on the Rome III criteria, irritable bowel syndrome, commonly overlapped with functional dyspepsia, is reported in 10.9% of Malays within a community-based setting. Rather than psychosocial symptoms, red flags are most likely to be reported among the Malays with irritable bowel syndrome despite having a low yield for organic diseases. Based upon the above observations, "proton pump inhibitor test" is probably preferable than the "test and treat H. pylori" strategy in the initial management of dyspepsia among the Malays.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms
  10. Microsatellite Instability and Altered Expressions of MLH1 and MSH2 in Gastric Cancer
    Haron NH, Mohamad Hanif EA, Abdul Manaf MR, Yaakub JA, Harun R, Mohamed R, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Feb 26;20(2):509-517.
    PMID: 30803214
    Introduction: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hallmark of defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) of genes especially MLH1 and MSH2. It is frequently involved in the carcinogenesis of various tumours including gastric cancer (GC). However, MSI in GCs have not been reported in Malaysia before. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the microsatellite instability (MSI) status in gastric cancer by microsatellite analysis, sequencing, its association with MLH1 and MSH2 protein expression and H.pylori infection by immunohistochemistry. Method: A total of 60 gastric cancer cases were retrieved. DNA was extracted from paired normal and tumour tissues while MLH1 and MSH2 protein expression as well as H. pylori status were determined by IHC staining. For microsatellite analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for paired tissue samples using a panel of five microsatellite markers. MSI-positive results were subjected for DNA sequencing to assess mutations in the MLH1 and MSH2 genes. Results: Microsatellite analysis identified ten MSI positive cases (16.7%), out of which only six cases (10.3%) showed absence of MLH1 (n=3) or MSH2 (n=3) protein expression by IHC. The most frequent microsatellite marker in MSI positive cases was BAT26 (90%). Nine of ten MSI positive cases were intestinal type with one diffuse and all were located distally. H. pylori infection was detected in 13 of 60 cases (21.7%) including in three MSI positive cases. All these results however were not statistically significant. Our sequencing data displayed novel mutations. However these data were not statistically correlated with expression levels of MLH1 and MSH2 proteins by IHC. This may be due to small sample size to detect small or moderately sized effects. Conclusion: The frequency of MSI in this study was comparable with published results. Determination of affected MMR genes by more than two antibodies may increase the sensitivity of IHC to that of MSI analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/genetics*; Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism*; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
  11. Fulltext Preliminary study suggests low incidence of gastric carcinoma in kelantan relates to low rate of helicobacter pylori infection
    Kaur G, Raj SM
    Malays J Med Sci, 2001 Jan;8(1):31-3.
    PMID: 22973153 MyJurnal
    Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinoma is generally more common in the antrum/body and is of the intestinal type. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of gastric carcinoma in an area known to have a low prevalence of H. pylori. Pathology records of gastric carcinoma diagnosed at Hospital University Sains Malaysia between 1995 and 1999 were retrieved and studied. There were a total of 23 cases. The median age was 60 years. Eighteen patients were Malay and 5 were Chinese. The most common location of the tumour was the cardia/gastrooesophageal junction (61%, 14/23 patients). The majority was of the intestinal type (69.6%, 16/23). The frequency of gastric carcinoma appears to be exceptionally low in the area of study. The Chinese population was over-represented. The higher frequency of tumour in the cardia/gastro-oesophageal junction as compared to the antrum and body is in sharp contrast to most other studies. This reaffirms the notion that Helicobacter pylori infection is a causative agent for non-cardia gastric carcinomas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms
  12. Why do we still have Helicobacter Pylori in our Stomachs
    Abadi AT, Ierardi E, Lee YY
    Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Sep;22(5):70-75.
    PMID: 28239271
    The existence of any infectious agent in a highly acidic human stomach is contentious, but the chance finding of Helicobacter pylori is by no means an accident. Once H. pylori colonises the gastric mucosa, it can persist for a lifetime, and it is intriguing why our immune system is able to tolerate its existence. Some conditions favour the persistence of H. pylori in the stomach, but other conditions oppose the colonisation of this bacterium. Populations with high and extremely low prevalence of H. pylori provide useful insights on the clinical outcomes that are associated with this type of infection. Adverse clinical outcomes including peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer depend on a delicate balance between a harmless inflammation and a more severe kind of inflammation. Is the only good H. pylori really a dead H. pylori? The jury is still out.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms
  13. Purification and characterization of a novel polysaccharide-peptide complex from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves
    Huang D, Li Y, Cui F, Chen J, Sun J
    Carbohydr Polym, 2016 Feb 10;137:701-708.
    PMID: 26686182 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.102
    A novel polysaccharide-peptide complex CNP-1-2 with molecular weight of 9.17 × 10(4) Da was obtained from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and purification with Superdex 200 and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography. CNP-1-2 exhibited the highest growth inhibitory effect on human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 with inhibition ratio of 92.34% and stimulated activation of macrophages with NO secretion level of 47.53 μmol/L among the polysaccharide fractions. CNP-1-2 comprised approximately 87.25% carbohydrate and 9.37% protein. Monosaccharide analysis suggested that CNP-1-2 was composed of L-rhamnose, l-arabinose, D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose with a molar ratio of 1.30:1.00:2.56:4.95:5.09. Methylation analysis, FT-IR, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed that CNP-1-2 might have a backbone consisting of 1,4-linked Glcp, 1,3-linked Glcp, 1,3-linked Manp, 1,4-linked Galp, 1,2,6-linked Galp and 1,2,6-linked Galp. Its side chain might be composed of 1-linked Araf, 1,6-linked Galp and 1-linked Rhap residues. AFM (atomic force micrograph) analysis revealed that CNP-1-2 had the molecular aggregation along with branched and entangled structure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
  14. Fulltext Histological features of the gastrointestinal tract of wild Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor (McClelland, 1844), captured in Peninsular Malaysia
    Nasruddin NS, Azmai MN, Ismail A, Saad MZ, Daud HM, Zulkifli SZ
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:312670.
    PMID: 25587561 DOI: 10.1155/2014/312670
    This study was conducted to record the histological features of the gastrointestinal tract of wild Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor (McClelland, 1844), captured in Peninsular Malaysia. The gastrointestinal tract was segmented into the oesophagus, stomach, and intestine. Then, the oesophagus was divided into five (first to fifth), the stomach into two (cardiac and pyloric), and the intestine into four segments (anterior, intermediate, posterior, and rectum) for histological examinations. The stomach had significantly taller villi and thicker inner circular muscles compared to the intestine and oesophagus. The lamina propria was thickest in stomach, significantly when compared with oesophagus, but not with the intestine. However, the intestine showed significantly thicker outer longitudinal muscle while gastric glands were observed only in the stomach. The histological features were closely associated with the functions of the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. In conclusion, the histological features of the gastrointestinal tract of A. b. bicolor are consistent with the feeding habit of a carnivorous fish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/anatomy & histology
  15. Fulltext Helicobacter pylori infection--a boon or a bane: lessons from studies in a low-prevalence population
    Lee YY, Mahendra Raj S, Graham DY
    Helicobacter, 2013 Oct;18(5):338-46.
    PMID: 23607896 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12058
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is etiologically associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer diseases which are both important public health burdens which could be largely eliminated by H. pylori eradication. However, some investigators urge caution based on the hypothesis that eradication of H. pylori may result in an increase in the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and childhood asthma. The ethnic Malays of northeastern Peninsular Malaysia have long had a low prevalence of H. pylori infection and, as expected, the incidence of gastric cancer and its precursor lesions is exceptionally low. The availability of a population with a low H. pylori prevalence and generally poor sanitation allows separation of H. pylori from the hygiene hypothesis and direct testing of whether absence of H. pylori is associated with untoward consequence. Contrary to predictions, in Malays, erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, distal esophageal cancers, and childhood asthma are all of low incidence. This suggests that H. pylori is not protective rather the presence of H. pylori infection is likely a surrogate for poor hygiene and not an important source of antigens involved in the hygiene hypothesis. Helicobacter pylori in Malays is related to transmission from H. pylori-infected non-Malay immigrants. The factors responsible for low H. pylori acquisition, transmission, and burden of H. pylori infection in Malays remain unclear and likely involves a combination of environmental, host (gene polymorphisms), and strain virulence factors. Based on evidence from this population, absence of H. pylori infection is more likely to be boon than a bane.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/etiology*
  16. Fulltext Adult Bochadalek hernia complicated with perforated gastric ulcer: preoperative diagnosis with multiplanar CT
    Faizah MZ, Sharifah MI, Johoruddin K, Juliana AL
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Oct;66(4):367-8.
    PMID: 22299562 MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer/etiology*
  17. Histomorphology of the stomach, proventriculus and ventriculus of the red jungle fowl
    Kadhim KK, Zuki AB, Noordin MM, Babjee SM
    Anat Histol Embryol, 2011 Jun;40(3):226-33.
    PMID: 21443757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01058.x
    The cranial chamber (proventriculus) and caudal chamber (ventriculus) of the stomach of the Red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) were examined by means of light microscopy. Both chambers presented folds of the tunica mucosa lined by a simple prismatic epithelium that was positive for neutral mucin. Simple tubular glands occupied the lamina propria of both chambers; in the ventriculus of older birds, they showed a coiled base. These ventricular glands were lined by simple cuboidal cells represented by the chief cells and a few large basal cells. The luminal and tubular koilin rodlets and folds of the ventriculus were positive to periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain. The proventricular glands were situated between the inner and outer layers of the lamina muscularis mucosae. Cells lining the tubulo-alveolar units of the proventricular glands showed a dentate appearance. Vacuoles were not observed, and the cells were negative for Alcian-PAS stain. The tunica submucosa was very thin in the proventricular wall. In the ventriculus, it was not separated from the lamina propria owing to the absence of any lamina muscularis mucosae. The tunica muscularis of the proventriculus was formed by a thick inner layer of circular smooth muscle fibres and a thin outer layer of longitudinal fibres. In addition to these layers, oblique muscle fibres formed the most internal layer of the tunica muscularis in the ventriculus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/anatomy & histology*
  18. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Helicobacter pylori isolates from Malaysia
    Ahmad N, Zakaria WR, Mohamed R
    Helicobacter, 2011 Feb;16(1):47-51.
    PMID: 21241412 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2010.00816.x
    The prevalence of antibiotic resistance varies in geographic areas. The information on the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in our local setting is therefore relevant as a guide for the treatment options.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach/microbiology
  19. Fulltext Time trends in peptic ulcer, erosive reflux oesophagitis, gastric and oesophageal cancers in a multiracial Asian population
    Goh KL, Wong HT, Lim CH, Rosaida MS
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2009 Apr 1;29(7):774-80.
    PMID: 19183160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03930.x
    Dramatic changes in the prevalence and pattern of gastrointestinal disease has taken place in Asia in recent years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  20. Changing epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Asia
    Tan HJ, Goh KL
    J Dig Dis, 2008 Nov;9(4):186-9.
    PMID: 18959588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00344.x
    As in developed societies, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori has declined rapidly in Asia. This has been shown in both seroprevalence-based and endoscopy-based studies. While the decline in the incidence of gastric cancer has now been observed, a decrease in peptic ulcer disease has not been so clearly evident. This apparent paradox can be explained by an increase in non-H. pylori associated ulcers - such as those related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or idiopathic ulcers. The increase of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asia has been widely observed and commented on and its relationship to the decline in H. pylori speculated upon. However there have been few conclusive studies from Asia on this subject. While the improved diagnosis and elimination of H. pylori has contributed to its decline, a more basic change involving large segments of the Asian population must be responsible. An improvement in hygiene and living conditions that results from more affluent Asian societies is thought to be a possible cause.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology*
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