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  1. Fulltext Perceptions on mentoring concept and mentoring practices among medical mentors: a mixed-methods study
    Cheah, Whye Lian, Helmy Hazmi, Kiu, Ling Hui, Lee, Sze Ee, Ling, Wei Nii, Wong, Veronica Huey Shin
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2015;7(2):27-38.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Mentoring medical students is one of the essential responsibilities or missions of a medical school faculty. Objective: This study aimed to determine the perceptions of mentorship and mentoring practices among mentors using a convergent parallel method. Method: Quantitative data was collected by using an adopted validated self- administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Qualitative data was done using one-to-one interview based on semi structured interview guide and analyzed using thematic analysis. Result: A total of 61 respondents participated in the quantitative survey. Approximately 75% of the respondents had 5 to 10 mentees, with majority rated themselves as satisfactory mentor. More than 60% of them met their mentees at least once every six months. Most respondents were friendly (86.9%) and frank to their mentees (68.9%) and were interested in their mentees’ professional development (95.1%). Phone calling (93.4%) and E-mail (95.1%) were preferred as modes of contact. Mentees were allowed to call their mentors anytime of the day (74.1%). Respondents preferred to counsel their mentees (80.3%) and would refer them for professional help whenever necessary (70.5%). For qualitative data, a total of 5 participants participated with themes emerged: concepts of mentoring, factors contributing to ineffective mentoring and ways to improve mentoring practices. Conclusion: The respondents had positive perceptions regarding their mentorship and practices. A more structured approach with clear mentoring guideline and proper training should be in place.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  2. Fulltext Vergence and accommodation system in malay primary school children
    Chen AH, Abidin AH
    Malays J Med Sci, 2002 Jan;9(1):9-15.
    PMID: 22969312
    Sixty primary school children, were measured for for accommodation and, vergence facility, accommodation accuracy, relative accommodation, fusional vergence / reserve and heterophoria.Analysis of Variance revealed that no - single factor was significant by involved among the six age groups for all the above (p>0.05). However, a significant age difference (p<0.05) was found in the fusional reserve. The mean and standard deviation was 20.08 (±6.43) cpm for the monocular accommodation facility, 19.77 (±6.26) cpm for the binocular accommodation facility, 20.18 (±5.00) cpm for the vergence facility, 0.44 (±0.27) D for the accommodation accuracy, -0.28 (±0.82) PD for the heterophoria at distance, -1.84 (±3.9) PD for the near heterophoria, 3.25 (±0.79) D for the negative relative accommodation, and -3.90 (±1.32) D for the positive relative accommodation.There was no age difference in the accommodation and the vergence status between years the ages of 7 and 12 years old but the fusional reserve component of the vergence system varied with age. The vergence and the accommodation findings in our subjects were discussed and compared with previous studies to serve as a guideline in clinical data interpretation and diagnosis for binocular vision problems in Malay children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  3. Focus on Malaysia
    Chen PC
    Trop Doct, 1971 Oct;1(4):183-6.
    PMID: 5152672
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  4. Fulltext Head circumference of Malaysian school children
    Chen ST
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):90-4.
    PMID: 3834291
    Percentile head circumference charts, from six to eleven years of age, for boys and girls are presented. These can be used to monitor the head circumference of Malaysian children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  5. Milk tolerance among malnourished school children in Malaysia
    Chen ST, Domala Z
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1989;3(4):274-7.
    PMID: 2638907 DOI: 10.1177/101053958900300405
    1,256 malnourished children, aged seven to ten years, were selected for study, 575 from Kuala Langat, 416 from Wilayah Persekutuan and 265 from Ulu Selangor. Ninety-three percent of the children were from low socioeconomic groups with large family size, and most of their parents had only primary or no formal education. During the study period, children in Kuala Langat received daily milk supplementation for five days per week, those in Wilayah Persekutuan for two days per week, while those in Ulu Selangor did not receive any milk supplementation. The study shows that a majority of the malnourished primary school children liked to drink milk and that milk intolerance was not a problem among them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  6. Impact of a school milk programme on the nutritional status of school children
    Chen ST
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1989;3(1):19-25.
    PMID: 2497765 DOI: 10.1177/101053958900300104
    From the start of the school milk feeding programme in February 1985 to October 1986, a total of 2,766 children aged six to nine years from 12 primary schools in Ulu Selangor were followed-up for about two years. The children's weight and height were monitored at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the study. The study shows that there is a reduction in the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition in terms of underweight (15.3% to 8.6%), stunting (16.3% to 8.3%) and wasting (2.6% to 1.7%) from the start of the school feeding programme to two years later. Associated with this there was an improvement in the attendance rate of the children during the same period. As there was no major developmental change in Ulu Selangor during that period, it is likely that the reduction in the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition and the improvement of the attendance rate among the children are due to the impact of the school milk feeding programme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  7. Fulltext Social Identity, Core Self-Evaluation, School Adaptation, and Mental Health Problems in Migrant Children in China: A Chain Mediation Model
    Chen Y, Yu X, Ma'rof AA, Zaremohzzabieh Z, Abdullah H, Halimatusaadiah Hamsan H, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Dec 11;19(24).
    PMID: 36554527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416645
    (1) Background: The present study investigated the relationships between social identity, core self-evaluation, school adaptation, and mental health problems in migrant children, and the mechanism underlying these relationships; (2) Methods: The participants were migrant middle school students in China. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. A survey comprising the social identity scale, core self-evaluation scale, school adaptation scale, and mental health scale MMHI-60 was deployed; (3) Results: Findings indicated a significant and negative association between social identity and mental health problems, and such an association was sequentially mediated by core self-evaluation and school adaptation. Furthermore, core self-evaluation and school adaptation played a chain mediation role between social identity and migrant children's mental health problems; (4) Conclusions: It is crucial to improve social identity, core self-evaluation, and school adaptation to reduce mental health problems among this population. Therefore, the research results provide a new direction for promoting the development of mental health education for migrant workers and their children in China.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  8. Fulltext Stimulating student interest in physiology: the intermedical school physiology quiz
    Cheng HM
    Adv Physiol Educ, 2010 Mar;34(1):20-1.
    PMID: 20237230 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00096.2009
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical*
  9. Teaching clinical toxinology in medical schools: The need, challenges and opportunities
    Chew KS
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Nov;78(6):845-846.
    PMID: 38031229
    Clinical toxinology is an essential subject that should be included in undergraduate medical curricula. By equipping students with the knowledge and skills to identify and treat venomous animals and use antivenom appropriately reduces the risk of medical negligence and delays in treating and transporting these patients. Unfortunately, given the packed curriculum of undergraduate medical programs, it is important to focus on providing students with essential knowledge and skills to function as competent house officers. Student-centered learning approaches, such as gamification and community service projects, can be effective in enhancing learning and promoting awareness of appropriate toxin-related public measures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  10. Fulltext Ethnic groups difference in discriminatory attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients among medical students: a cross-sectional study
    Chew, B.H., Cheong, A.T.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2014;10(1):61-69.
    MyJurnal
    Medical students are future doctors who are trained to treat all kinds of diseases including people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) without prejudice. Teaching basic scientific knowledge and technical skills is no longer adequate for today’s medical students. There is also a need for them to be provided with high personal and professional values. This study examined stigmatizing attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among the medical students in a public medical school. The participants were stratified to preclinical-year (year 1 and year 2) and clinical-year (year 3 and year 4) medical students. Simple random sampling was carried out to select 170 participants from each category of students. Self-administered questionnaires captured socio-demographic data, HIV/AIDS knowledge and stigmatisation attitudes towards PLWHA. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between ethnic groups and stigmatization attitude. Three hundred and forty participants were recruited. Malay medical students who did not have previous encounter with PLWHA were associated with stigmatizing attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients, whereas clinical-year medical students who had no clinical encounter with PLWHA were more likely to feel uncomfortable with PLWHA. Malay ethnicity and medical students in clinical years who had not encounter a PLWHA were more likely to have stigmatizing attitude towards PLWHA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  11. Problematic alcohol use and depression in secondary school students in Miri, Malaysia
    Chhoa KH, Zakaria H, Abd Rahman FN
    Pediatr Int, 2019 Mar;61(3):284-292.
    PMID: 30636372 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13789
    BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption in the under-aged is one of the main concerns regarding Malaysian adolescents. There is no previous study on problematic alcohol use (PAU) in adolescents in Sarawak. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PAU, its associated variables and its relationship with depression.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 327 secondary school students completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and Children's Depression Inventory, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between the different variables.

    RESULTS: A total of 42.2% of adolescents had PAU. Urban adolescents had a higher prevalence compared with rural adolescents (OR, 1.612; 95% CI: 1.036-2.508 P = 0.034). Female adolescents (56.8%) and Bumiputera Sarawak adolescents (76.8%) comprised a large proportion of the respondents with PAU. Cultural norm (78.3%) and curiosity (68.1%) were the two main reasons for PAU. Only family history of alcohol use (OR, 2.273; 95% CI: 1.013-5.107; P = 0.047), ever consumed alcohol (OR, 57.585; 95% CI: 21.885-151.525; P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Schools/statistics & numerical data
  12. Fulltext Prevalence of burnout among Universiti Sains Malaysia medical students
    Chin ARW, Chua YY, Chu MN, Mahadi NF, Yusof MSB, Wong MS, et al.
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2016;8(3):61-74.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The academic life of medical students can be considered as psychological toxic. About half of United States medical students experience burnout and more than 25% experience depression. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout among medical students in a Malaysian medical school and its associated factors.
    Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 452 medical students from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was distributed via Google Forms through Facebook Messenger. Ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee USM. Data were collected via Google Sheets. Each respondent only submitted one Google Form as no resubmission link was provided once completed Google Form was submitted.
    Result: The prevalence of burnout among USM medical students was 67.9%. Personal burnout was the highest (81.6%), followed by work-related burnout (73.7%) and client-related burnout (68.6%). The analysis showed that regardless of year of study, gender and ethnicity (all P > 0.05), USM medical students were vulnerable to burnout.
    Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout among USM medical students was high and the most prevalent type of burnout was personal burnout. Therefore, burnout among medical students should be a concern and must be addressed to prevent subsequent unwanted consequences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical
  13. Fulltext Development of multi-dimensional body image scale for malaysian female adolescents
    Chin YS, Taib MN, Shariff ZM, Khor GL
    Nutr Res Pract, 2008;2(2):85-92.
    PMID: 20126371 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2008.2.2.85
    The present study was conducted to develop a Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale for Malaysian female adolescents. Data were collected among 328 female adolescents from a secondary school in Kuantan district, state of Pahang, Malaysia by using a self-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The self-administered questionnaire comprised multiple measures of body image, Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26; Garner & Garfinkel, 1979) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Inventory (Rosenberg, 1965). The 152 items from selected multiple measures of body image were examined through factor analysis and for internal consistency. Correlations between Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale and body mass index (BMI), risk of eating disorders and self-esteem were assessed for construct validity. A seven factor model of a 62-item Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale for Malaysian female adolescents with construct validity and good internal consistency was developed. The scale encompasses 1) preoccupation with thinness and dieting behavior, 2) appearance and body satisfaction, 3) body importance, 4) muscle increasing behavior, 5) extreme dieting behavior, 6) appearance importance, and 7) perception of size and shape dimensions. Besides, a multidimensional body image composite score was proposed to screen negative body image risk in female adolescents. The result found body image was correlated with BMI, risk of eating disorders and self-esteem in female adolescents. In short, the present study supports a multi-dimensional concept for body image and provides a new insight into its multi-dimensionality in Malaysian female adolescents with preliminary validity and reliability of the scale. The Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale can be used to identify female adolescents who are potentially at risk of developing body image disturbance through future intervention programs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  14. Fulltext Effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention for primary school children: the healthy kids programme, Malaysia
    Chin Yit Siew, Tee E Siong, Zawiah Hashim, Rasyedah Ahmad Raqi, Norimah A Karim
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(106):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This paper discussed the effectiveness of “Healthy Kids Programme (HKP)”, specifically in improving the body weight status as well as knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the children. Methods: In this longi- tudinal intervention study, a total of 12 primary schools in Klang Valley were randomly selected and divided into intervention and control groups. There were 386 standard three children participated at baseline. All children in the intervention group participated in the HKP that was conducted by nutritionists. The evaluations included the pre- and post-Immediate Impact survey (IIS) (every topic), and changes in nutrition KAP survey and anthropometric assess- ment of the children at the beginning and end of every year for three years. Results: School children in intervention group reported with an increased in the IIS score for each topic and achieved a significantly higher mean nutrition knowledge score than those in the control group over time. There were no significant differences in mean attitude and practice scores between two groups after the intervention. Children in the intervention group had lower rates of overweight and obesity (pre-test: 27.3%; post-test: 32.5%) than their counterpart (pre-test: 26.6%; post-test: 44.0%). Conclusions: The HKP is effective in improving nutrition knowledge of the children. A lower rate of overweight and obesity was observed in intervention group than control group. This approach will contribute towards inculcating healthy eating and active lifestyle habits among Malaysian children that bring about long-term health benefits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  15. The yawning gap: Waiting for cariology to germinate whilst periodontology is fruiting
    Chong GTF
    Eur J Dent Educ, 2023 May;27(2):296-303.
    PMID: 35412000 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12803
    INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate whether periodontology and cariology receive equal emphasis in dental education at two moments in time, thirteen years apart.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online search was conducted in Nov 2021 of all the dental schools in ten English-language speaking countries (U.S., Canada, U.K., Ireland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Malaysia) to identify departments/divisions in the disciplines of periodontology, cariology, and conservative/restorative/operative dentistry. The results were then compared against the findings of a similar investigation that was conducted from July to October 2008.

    RESULTS: Of the 126 dental schools identified in 2021, information was available for 93 dental schools. Of these 93 schools, only 10 listed departments/divisions/disciplines of cariology, whereas 83 and 86 schools had listed periodontology and conservative/restorative/operative dentistry, respectively. Despite a doubling of the number of dental schools with a department/division/discipline of cariology from 2008 to 2021, the absolute gap in the number of departments/divisions/disciplines in the other two disciplines compared to cariology had widened during the thirteen years. In 2008, there were 70 more departments/divisions/disciplines in periodontology compared to cariology departments/divisions/disciplines. In 2021, there were 73 more departments/divisions/disciplines in periodontology. Additional information on research output was available for 90 dental schools in 2021, where 30 schools self-identified as undertaking cariology research, whereas 68 and 47 schools undertook research in periodontology and conservative/restorative/operative dentistry, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: Dental education does not give equal emphasis to periodontology and cariology, and the discipline of cariology is grossly neglected.

    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Dental
  16. Fulltext A TRIZ Approach for Designing a Smart Lighting and Control System for Classrooms Based on Counter Application with Dual PIR Sensors
    Chong PL, Ismail D, Ng PK, Kong FY, Basir Khan MR, Thirugnanam S
    Sensors (Basel), 2024 Feb 10;24(4).
    PMID: 38400335 DOI: 10.3390/s24041177
    Electrical energy is often wasted through human negligence when people do not switch off electrical appliances such as lighting after leaving a place. Such a scenario often happens in a classroom when the last person leaves the class and forgets to switch off the electrical appliances. Such wastage may not be able to be afforded by schools that are limited financially. Therefore, this research proposed a simple and cost-effective system that can analyze whether there is or is not a human presence in the classroom by applying a counter to count the total number of people entering and leaving the classroom based on the sensing signals of a set of dual PIR sensors only and then correlating this to automatically turn on or off the electrical appliances mentioned. The total number of people identified in the classroom is also displayed on an LCD screen. A TRIZ approach is used to support the ideation of the system. The system can switch on several electrical output loads simultaneously when the presence of people is detected and switch them off when there are no people in the classroom. The proposed system can be expanded to be used in homes, offices, and buildings to prevent the high cost of electricity consumption caused by the negligence of people. This enables smarter control of electricity consumption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools*
  17. Fulltext The prevalence of childhood malnutrition: its measurement, what it means and its uses
    Chong YH
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Jun;34(4):329-35.
    PMID: 7219258
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  18. Fulltext Teacher Reporting Attitudes Scale (TRAS): confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses with a Malaysian sample
    Choo WY, Walsh K, Chinna K, Tey NP
    J Interpers Violence, 2013 Jan;28(2):231-53.
    PMID: 22902514 DOI: 10.1177/0886260512454720
    The Teacher Reporting Attitude Scale (TRAS) is a newly developed tool to assess teachers' attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect. This article reports on an investigation of the factor structure and psychometric properties of the short form Malay version of the TRAS. A self-report cross-sectional survey was conducted with 667 teachers in 14 randomly selected schools in Selangor state, Malaysia. Analyses were conducted in a 3-stage process using both confirmatory (stages 1 and 3) and exploratory factor analyses (stage 2) to test, modify, and confirm the underlying factor structure of the TRAS in a non-Western teacher sample. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support a 3-factor model previously reported in the original TRAS study. Exploratory factor analysis revealed an 8-item, 4-factor structure. Further confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated appropriateness of the 4-factor structure. Reliability estimates for the four factors-commitment, value, concern, and confidence-were moderate. The modified short form TRAS (Malay version) has potential to be used as a simple tool for relatively quick assessment of teachers' attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect. Cross-cultural differences in attitudes toward reporting may exist and the transferability of newly developed instruments to other populations should be evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools/organization & administration*
  19. Fulltext Rapid rural appraisal of a rural village in Sabah
    Chua, Philip Yi Shean, Lee, Sue Laine, Tow, Zhen Jiang, Mantok, Richmund, Muhamad Khairul Hawari Muhamad Nor, Dorairaja, Lavena, et al.
    Int J Public Health Res, 2013;3(1):223-231.
    MyJurnal
    Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) is a systematic, semi-structured activity carried out in the field by a multidisciplinary team that is designed to obtain new information and hypotheses about rural life. This article reports the results of an RRA conducted in Kampung Paris 1 (KGP1), Kinabatangan, Sabah under the Annual Health Promotion Program of the School of Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. A systematic random sampling was used to recruit the villagers and data was obtained through compilation of pre-existing data, field observation, structured interviews with key informants and villagers. Cardiorespiratory diseases were prevalent in KGP1. Common water sources such as rain water collected in dug wells in KGP1 were unhygienic. Dangerous toxic fumes were produced by the burning of municipal wastes nearby village houses. The villagers of KGP1 were exposed to various farm animals, which may harbor zoonoses. Health care services are limited in KGP1. Villagers who were not poor (>RM897) represented 48% of the population, followed by the poor (RM503-897), 20% and the hardcore poor (1.00 person per bedroom. Poor water hygiene, polluted air from open burning, exposure to farm animals, poverty, poor education, overcrowding and inadequate health care services were among the few possible factors affecting the health of villagers in KGP1. Formal rigorous research should be conducted in the future to facilitate specific health interventions in areas of need such as KGP1.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools
  20. Fulltext Enhancing active learning in microbiology through case based learning: experiences from an Indian medical school
    Ciraj AM, Vinod P, Ramnarayan K
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2010 Oct-Dec;53(4):729-33.
    PMID: 21045402 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.72058
    Case-based learning (CBL) is an interactive student-centered exploration of real life situations. This paper describes the use of CBL as an educational strategy for promoting active learning in microbiology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Medical*
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