MyMedR

Displaying publications 1581 - 1600 of 2022 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Clinicopathologic study of odontogenic keratocysts in Singapore and Malaysia

Ngeow WC, Zain RB, Yeo JF, Chai WL

J Oral Sci, 2000 Mar;42(1):9-14.
PMID: 10808269

This was a retrospective study of odontogenic keratocysts in people from the Singapore-Malaysian region. The purpose of this study was to present the clinicopathologic features of odontogenic keratocysts in the Oriental population and to compare these data with those from other reported studies. Biopsy records from 1981 to 1992 of 61 cases of odontogenic keratocysts from patients in Malaysia and Singapore showed that 42.6% of patients were female and 57.4% of patients were male. Among patients with cysts, 75.4% were Chinese, 6.6% were Malays, 9.8% were Indians and 8.2% were other ethnic groups. The mean age of these patients was 26.98 +/- 15.38 years with a peak incidence occurring in the second to fourth decades. The location of the lesions was more often in the mandible (65.5%) than the maxilla (31.0%). There was a marked predilection for lesions to occur in the posterior mandible. Histologically, 90.2% of the cysts were lined with a para-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium while only 3.3% of the cysts were lined with orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Mixed para-keratinized and orthokeratinized epithelial linings were observed in 4 cases (6.5%). The cyst linings were mainly uninflamed (95.1%). Inflammation of the cyst wall was found in 42 cases (68.8%). Twelve (19.7%) cases contained keratin in the lumen. A satellite cyst was observed in only 6 cases (9.8%). In conclusion, most clinical and histological features seen in this study were similar to those found for Caucasians. The only clinical feature that was different was the peak age incidence, that ranged from the second to fourth decades, with an absence of a second peak. Odontogenic keratocysts presenting at the site of the dentigerous cyst were observed in 7 cases (11.5%).

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Human dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens in Sri Lanka

Dissanaike AS, Abeyewickreme W, Wijesundera MD, Weerasooriya MV, Ismail MM

Parassitologia, 1997 Dec;39(4):375-82.
PMID: 9802095

Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens is a common zoonotic infection in Sri Lanka. Todate 70 cases are on record, and they include 3 expatriates from Russia, England and Korea, who were undoubtedly infected in Sri Lanka. Around 30-60% of dogs are infected with D. repens in various parts of the country and the mosquito vectors are Aedes aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Mansonia uniformis and M. annulifera. Unlike in other countries of the old world infection is most common in children under the age of 9 years, the youngest being 4 months old and the scrotum, penis and perianal regions of male children appear to be frequent sites for the worms. Dirofilaria (Dirofilaria) immitis is not present in Sri Lanka though it is present in neighbouring countries like India, and Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients attending a university teaching hospital

Liam CK, Tang BG

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 1997 Aug;1(4):326-32.
PMID: 9432388

University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Efficiency of blood usage for elective surgery in the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Lim EJ, Lopez CG, Veera SN, Menaka N, Aminah A

Malays J Pathol, 1996 Dec;18(2):107-12.
PMID: 10879231

Provision of quality care, service and blood products to patients while containing costs and the amount of blood used should be the aim of every blood bank. Therefore a prospective audit was carried out over three months to determine how efficiently blood was being used in elective surgery in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Every case with blood crossmatched was monitored to determine the amount transfused and the posttransfusion haemoglobin level. Overcrossmatching of varying degrees was noted in almost all surgical procedures and overtransfusion in 45.5% of patients transfused. The rate of case postponement was 18.1%. These indicate inefficient utilization of blood and other resources. The transfusion index (TI) and range of units transfused were calculated for each procedure. They can be used as indicators of blood requirement and potential severity of hemorrhage. Suggestions to improve efficiency of blood utilization include the introduction and ongoing monitoring of guidelines on crossmatching and transfusion based on the data obtained here, by the hospital blood transfusion committee; the "group, screen and hold" practice for surgical procedures with high crossmatch transfusion ratios, low transfusion indices and a small range of units transfused could also be adopted.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Bullous diseases in Malaysia: epidemiology and natural history

Adam BA

Int J Dermatol, 1992 Jan;31(1):42-5.
PMID: 1737688

The characteristics of three primary bullous diseases, pemphigus, pemphigoid, and dermatitis herpetiformis, seen in this country, probably reflecting this region, are discussed and compared to those reported in the literature in the West. One hundred and forty-eight patients with bullous diseases were seen over a period of 15 years. The criteria for confirmation of clinical diagnosis were the findings of the direct immunofluorescent test. Pemphigus vulgaris was the commonest bullous disease. The incidence of bullous pemphigoid was highest in the Indians of Malaysian origin, and they are also more likely to develop pemphigus vulgaris than any other ethnic group. Linear IgA type formed the entire group of dermatitis herpetiformis. The granular type was not seen at all. The patients were treated with prednisolone alone or together with methotrexate or azathioprine. Dapsone alone controlled the dermatitis herpetiformis. The known association between pemphigus and other diseases with immunologic disturbances was not found in this study. The natural history of the bullous disease as seen in the follow-up patients is described. Deaths in pemphigus and pemphigoid were more due to either complications of steroid therapy or unassociated diseases than the primary disease itself. Introduction of immunofluorescence as a diagnostic tool in pemphigus and extension of this facility to other bullous diseases has led to detailed characterization of these diseases as seen in the West; however, publications in English dealing with epidemiologic aspects of bullous diseases in this region are rare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Respect redefined: focus group insights from Singapore

Mehta K

Int J Aging Hum Dev, 1997;44(3):205-19.
PMID: 9248879

This article re-examines the meaning of the concept of respect within the context of a fast modernizing Asian multicultural society-Singapore. Two key findings emerge. First, the meaning of respect both from the perspective of the aged and the middle-aged generation has shifted from obedience to courteous behavior. Second, in the majority of focus groups members concurred that the degree of respect accorded to elders has in general decreased. The focus group methodology was used in this research. Bearing in mind the limited sample size (88 participants) these findings alert us to the need for social scientists to monitor perceptual shifts in meaning of concepts critical in the sphere of interpersonal relationships. The findings throw light on the subjective views of intergenerational relations within the family as well as the community. As such, they would be valuable to counselors, social workers, and family therapists.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
The effectiveness of sub-Tenon's infiltration of local anaesthesia for cataract surgery

Verghese I, Sivaraj R, Lai YK

Aust N Z J Ophthalmol, 1996 May;24(2):117-20.
PMID: 9199741

PURPOSE: To determine if adequate anesthesia and akinesia could be obtained using an inferonasal quadrant sub-Tenons anaesthesia for cataract surgery.
METHODS: The sub-Tenons method of local anaesthesia was used in 50 patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implantation. The technique following was that described by JD Stevens in his study of 50 patients. Posterior sub-Tenons space was approached through a conjunctival incision in the inferonasal quadrant and the anaesthetic solution delivered by an irrigating cannula. The patients were assessed for residual ocular movements just before surgery. Effectiveness of anaesthesia was assessed during surgery using a verbal pain rating score. Scoring was based on the concept of a visual analogue pain score chart.
RESULTS: Total akinesia was obtained in 20% patients and total anaesthesia in 24% patients. The remainder of the patients had adequate akinesia and anaesthesia to proceed with and complete the surgery.
CONCLUSION: This method provides satisfactory anaesthesia for cataract surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Maximal respiratory pressures in adult Chinese, Malays and Indians

Johan A, Chan CC, Chia HP, Chan OY, Wang YT

Eur Respir J, 1997 Dec;10(12):2825-8.
PMID: 9493668

Maximal static inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures (PI,max and PE,max, respectively) enable the noninvasive measurement of global respiratory muscle strength. The aim of this study was primarily to obtain normal values of PI,max and PE,max for adult Chinese, Malays and Indians and, secondarily, to study their effect on lung volumes in these subjects. Four hundred and fifty two healthy subjects (221 Chinese, 111 Malays, 120 Indians) were recruited. Measurements of PI,max from residual volume (RV), PE,max from total lung capacity (TLC) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained in the seated position. There were significant ethnic differences in PI,max and PE,max measurements obtained in males, and FVC measurements in both males and females. Chinese males had higher PI,max values (mean (+/-SD) 88.7+/-32.5 cmH2O) and higher PE,max values (113.4+/-41.5) than Malay males (PI,max 74.0+/-22.7 cmH2O, PE,max 94.7+/-23.4 cmH2O). Chinese males had higher PE,max than Indian males (PI,max = 83.7+/-30.0 cmH2O, PE,max 98.4+/-29.2 cmH2O). There were no significant differences among Chinese females (PI,max 53.6+/-2.3 cmH2O, PE,max 68.3+/-24.0 cmH2O), Malay females (PI,max 50.7+/-18.3 cmH2O, PE,max 63.6+/-21.6 cmH2O) and Indian females (PI,max 50.0+/-15.2 cmH2O, PE,max 60.7+/-20.4 cmH2O). In both sexes, the Chinese had a higher FVC compared with Malays and Indians. After adjusting for age, height and weight, race was still a determinant for PE,max in males, and FVC in both sexes. The FVC only correlated weakly with PI,max and PE,max in both sexes. Ethnic differences in respiratory muscle strength, and lung volumes, occur among Asians. However, respiratory muscle strength does not explain the differences in lung volumes in healthy Asian subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Racial variations in the extent of tooth root translucency in ageing individuals

Whittaker DK, Bakri MM

Arch Oral Biol, 1996 Jan;41(1):15-9.
PMID: 8833585

One hundred and ninety-eight single-rooted teeth from individuals aged 21-90 yr of Caucasian, Malay, Chinese Malay and Indian Malay origin were studied. Single or serial longitudinal sections of extracted teeth were cut following dye imbibition of patent dentinal tubules. The extent of sclerosis of apical dentinal tubules was assessed and correlated with the age of the individual. Correlation with age was higher in the Caucasian than the Malay races and within the Malaysian racial groups correlation with age was highest in the Malays and lowest in the Chinese. It is concluded that factors other than age may be important in the formation of sclerotic apical dentine in teeth of different racial origin. The effect of racial origin should be considered when using sclerosis as a means of age determination in forensic cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
The health status and health needs of Chinese population in Glasgow

Liao XH, McIlwaine G

Scott Med J, 1995 Jun;40(3):77-80.
PMID: 7569869

This cross sectional study explored the health problems and health needs in the local Chinese community in Glasgow. Several data collection methods have been used in this study, including face-to-face and telephone structured interviews, postal and hand delivered questionnaires. A total of 800 questionnaires were processed, and 493 were completed, giving an overall response rate 61.6%. The results from the present survey indicated that the health status of Chinese residents in Glasgow is poorer than that of the local population. The most important findings of the study is that the Chinese community in Glasgow underuse health services, and unmet health needs exist in the community. The main barrier to effective use of present health services and benefit from the health promotion and health education programmes is language difficulties. Following discussion with the local community, options for improving the health services for the Chinese community in Glasgow were obtained. The findings of the study have implications for health service purchaser/providers of health care to the Chinese population generally in Scotland.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
A national epidemiological survey of oral mucosal lesions in Malaysia

Zain RB, Ikeda N, Razak IA, Axéll T, Majid ZA, Gupta PC, et al.

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1997 Oct;25(5):377-83.
PMID: 9355776

The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Malaysia was determined by examining a representative sample of 11,707 subjects aged 25 years and above throughout the 14 states over a period of 5 months during 1993/1994. A two-stage stratified random sampling was undertaken. A predetermined number of enumeration blocks, the smallest population unit in the census publication, was selected from each state. With the selected enumeration block, a systematic sample of living quarters was chosen with a random start. The survey instrument included a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and a clinical examination. The clinical examination was carried out by 16 specially trained dental public health officers and the diagnosis calibrated with a final concordance rate of 92%. The age in the sample ranged from 25 to 115 years with a mean of 44.5+/-14.0. The sample comprised 40.2% males and 59.8% females; 55.8% were Malays, 29.4% Chinese, 10.0% Indians and 1.2% other ethnic groups. Oral mucosal lesions were detected in 1131 (9.7%) subjects, 5 (0.04%) had oral cancer, 165 (1.4%) had lesions or conditions that may be precancerous (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, submucous fibrosis and lichen planus) and 187 (1.6%) had betel chewer's mucosa. The prevalence of oral precancer was highest amongst Indians (4.0%) and other Bumiputras (the indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak) (2.5%) while the lowest prevalence was amongst the Chinese (0.5%).

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Psychogeriatrics in South-East Asia

Chiu HF, Ng LL, Nivataphand R, Yong KC, Lengkong Y, Buenaventura RD, et al.

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 1997 Oct;12(10):989-94.
PMID: 9395930

A common phenomenon in South-East Asia is ageing of the population. This article describes the various stages of development of psychogeriatrics in Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. It is only in the last few years that more systematic development of psychogeriatric services has begun under the pressure of an ageing population. The model of service delivery in Hong Kong can serve as an example of development of psychogeriatric services in South-East Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Ultrasound screening of the abdominal aorta in Malaysians

Teoh MK, Ramasamy D, Wong KP

Aust N Z J Surg, 1992 Nov;62(11):862-5.
PMID: 20169704

Ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta was performed on 100 patients with cardiovascular disease and a control group of 100 subjects. The objectives were to define the normal aortic size of Malaysians, to screen for aneurysms and to compare the aorta size of the different population groups. In the study group the mean anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the non-aneurysmal aortas at the level of the renal arteries was 1.82 cm (range 0.9-2.6 cm) in men and 1.83 cm (range 1.5-2.3 cm) in women. This compares with 1.61 cm (range 1.1-2.2 cm) in men and 1.50 cm (range 0.8-2.4 cm) in women in the control group. The dimensions of the infrarenal aorta show a similar relationship between the two groups. These AP diameters were significantly smaller than the published figures from studies done on Western populations and are consistent with the smaller stature of Malaysians. Five aneurysms and one ectasia were found (mean size 5 cm, range 3.5-6.0 cm), all in men aged 50-75 years in the study group, and none in the control group. All the aneurysms were easily palpable in these patients who were thinner than the average Caucasian. Given the lower incidence of aortic aneurysms in Malaysians there is no role for routine ultrasound screening of the population. High risk groups can be adequately screened by clinical examination alone.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Revision of total hip arthroplasty using an anterior cortical window, extensive strut allografts, and an impaction graft: follow-up study

Arif M, Sivananthan S, Choon DS

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2004 Jun;12(1):25-30.
PMID: 15237118

To report the outcome of revised total hip arthroplasty procedures involving an anterior cortical window, extensive strut allografts, and an Exeter impaction graft.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Fulltext Trabeculectomy outcomes in a Malaysian general hospital

Hooi ST, Hooi SH

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):565-78.
PMID: 15190633

A retrospective study was conducted at the Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru to determine the outcome of trabeculectomy surgeries over a period of 4 years. One hundred and two eyes were followed up to a maximum of 63 months (mean 34.2 months). The 2-year survival rates for plain trabeculectomies, 5-Fluorouracil augmented trabeculectomies and Mitomycin-C augmented trabeculectomies were 52.9%, 27.3% and 60.5% respectively. The commonest complications noted were cataract formation (25%) and hyphaema (11%). Mitomycin-C induced complications were rarely seen. At last follow-up, 54% of eyes had intraocular pressures below 21 mmHg without medication, while 34% of eyes had intraocular pressures below 21 mmHg with medication. Vitreous at the trabeculectomy site was a statistically significant predictor of operative failure.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Intracranial aneurysms in Sarawak General Hospital over a 30-month period

Wong JS, Ng KH, Wong SH

J Clin Neurosci, 2004 Apr;11(3):254-8.
PMID: 14975412

This is a prospective study conducted from February 2000 to July 2002 in a single neurosurgeon neurosurgical service in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. There were 66 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracranial aneurysm presenting to this hospital over the study period. Fifty cases had their aneurysms clipped. Eighty percent of our patients were operated within 48 h of presentation. Forty-four percent presented with poor WFNS grades of 4 and 5. We had a 20% operative mortality and 29% total management mortality. Twenty-nine (58%) of the operated cases had a favorable outcome with a mean follow-up of 32 weeks. Multiple aneurysms were less common. The diagnosis of aneuysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and clipping of aneurysms have increased dramatically over the previous two and half years indicating an increased awareness of the diagnosis and treatment. This series supports the previously reported beliefs that the lower rate of aneurymal subarachnoid hemorrhage in developing countries is likely due to both underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Good results can be achieved in developing countries with early diagnosis and intensive management.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Fulltext Mechanical failure of Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) fixation in intertrochanteric fracture of the femur

Nordin S, Zulkifli O, Faisham WI

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56 Suppl D:12-7.
PMID: 14569760

We studied 60 intertrochanteric fractures of the femur fixed with Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS). There were 10 cases (16.7%) with cutting-out of device through femoral head and neck. Stable fracture pattern, postero-inferior and central position of screw in the femoral neck and head produced high percentage of good result, whereas anterior or superior position of screw produced higher incidence of cut-out. We found osteoporosis and distance of screw tip to subchondral bone to have no influence on the final outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Fulltext Hepatitis C virus treatment as prevention in an extended network of people who inject drugs in the USA: a modelling study

Zelenev A, Li J, Mazhnaya A, Basu S, Altice FL

Lancet Infect Dis, 2018 02;18(2):215-224.
PMID: 29153265 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30676-X

BACKGROUND: Chronic infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are highly prevalent in the USA and concentrated in people who inject drugs. Treatment as prevention with highly effective new direct-acting antivirals is a prospective HCV elimination strategy. We used network-based modelling to analyse the effect of this strategy in HCV-infected people who inject drugs in a US city.
METHODS: Five graph models were fit using data from 1574 people who inject drugs in Hartford, CT, USA. We used a degree-corrected stochastic block model, based on goodness-of-fit, to model networks of injection drug users. We simulated transmission of HCV and HIV through this network with varying levels of HCV treatment coverage (0%, 3%, 6%, 12%, or 24%) and varying baseline HCV prevalence in people who inject drugs (30%, 60%, 75%, or 85%). We compared the effectiveness of seven treatment-as-prevention strategies on reducing HCV prevalence over 10 years and 20 years versus no treatment. The strategies consisted of treatment assigned to either a randomly chosen individual who injects drugs or to an individual with the highest number of injection partners. Additional strategies explored the effects of treating either none, half, or all of the injection partners of the selected individual, as well as a strategy based on respondent-driven recruitment into treatment.
FINDINGS: Our model estimates show that at the highest baseline HCV prevalence in people who inject drugs (85%), expansion of treatment coverage does not substantially reduce HCV prevalence for any treatment-as-prevention strategy. However, when baseline HCV prevalence is 60% or lower, treating more than 120 (12%) individuals per 1000 people who inject drugs per year would probably eliminate HCV within 10 years. On average, assigning treatment randomly to individuals who inject drugs is better than targeting individuals with the most injection partners. Treatment-as-prevention strategies that treat additional network members are among the best performing strategies and can enhance less effective strategies that target the degree (ie, the highest number of injection partners) within the network.
INTERPRETATION: Successful HCV treatment as prevention should incorporate the baseline HCV prevalence and will achieve the greatest benefit when coverage is sufficiently expanded.
FUNDING: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Role of glucocorticoids in ototopical antibiotic-steroid preparations in the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media

Indudharan R, Valuyeetham KA, Raju SS

Arch Med Res, 2005 Mar-Apr;36(2):154-8.
PMID: 15847949 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2004.12.012

It is conventional to use antibiotic-steroid combination eardrops, although the advantage of steroid combination has not been substantiated. The present prospective randomized comparative study is designed to assess the role of glucocorticoids in ototopical antibiotic-steroid preparations in the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over
Fulltext Breast cancer risk factors, survival and recurrence, and tumor molecular subtype: analysis of 3012 women from an indigenous Asian population

Abubakar M, Sung H, Bcr D, Guida J, Tang TS, Pfeiffer RM, et al.

Breast Cancer Res, 2018 09 18;20(1):114.
PMID: 30227867 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1033-8

BACKGROUND: Limited evidence, mostly from studies in Western populations, suggests that the prognostic effects of lifestyle-related risk factors may be molecular subtype-dependent. Here, we examined whether pre-diagnostic lifestyle-related risk factors for breast cancer are associated with clinical outcomes by molecular subtype among patients from an understudied Asian population.
METHODS: In this population-based case series, we evaluated breast cancer risk factors in relation to 10-year all-cause mortality (ACM) and 5-year recurrence by molecular subtype among 3012 women with invasive breast cancer in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 579 deaths and 314 recurrence events occurred during a median follow-up period of ~ 24 months. Subtypes (luminal A-like, luminal B-like, HER2-enriched, triple-negative) were defined using immunohistochemical markers for hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in conjunction with histologic grade. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between risk factors and ACM/recurrence were estimated in subtype-specific Cox regression models.
RESULTS: We observed heterogeneity in the relationships between parity/breastfeeding, age at first full-term pregnancy (FFP), family history, body mass index (BMI), and tumor subtype (p value 30 vs

Matched MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links