MyMedR

The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of allied health personnel, after attending a training programme, in conducting vision screening for preschool children. A total of 43 allied health personnel (20 assistant medical officers (AMOs) and 23 nurses) attended a two-day training program prior to conducting vision screening for preschool children. Vision screening was conducted among 136 preschool children using four similar HOTV visual acuity chart at 6 m. The cut-off referral criterion for visual acuity (VA) testing was 6/9 or worse in either eye. All children were referred to two qualified optometrists for a comprehensive eye examination. The accuracy was based on the sensitivity and specificity of screening by each group of personnel. The overall prevalence of reduced VA in the studied population was about 10%. The sensitivity and specificity of vision screening performed by AMOs were 100% and 98% respectively while that performed by nurses were 56% and 94% respectively. Thus, there were discrepancies in the sensitivity of visual acuity testing despite them being conducted by healthcare providers with similar background and training. This suggests that their performance might be influenced by factors other than their professional training.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Benign calcified thyroglossal duct cyst, - defying the hallmark of papillary carcinoma, 4th case reported in literature

Al-Yahya, S.N., Marina, M.B., Lye, M.H., Loo, C.P.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):117-120.

MyJurnal

Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common upper neck midline lesion in children. Approximately 1% of
thyroglossal duct cyst undergoes malignant transformation. Calcification which is a marker of malignancy
almost always points out to papillary thyroid carcinoma. Benign case of calcified thyroglossal cyst maybe
undiagnosed or under reported. We report a case of a 5 year old girl with a benign calcified thyroglossal
duct cyst, a fourth case in world literature. Here the differences between a benign and malignant
thyroglossal duct cyst are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

The spectrum of pathological findings of tonsils in children: A clinicopathological review

Tan GC, Stalling M, Al-Rawabdeh S, Kahwash BM, Alkhoury RF, Kahwash SB

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Apr;40(1):11-26.

PMID: 29704380

Tonsillectomy is among the most commonly performed operations in children. Although follicular lymphoid hyperplasia is usually the main and only pathologic finding at microscopic examination, a variety of other rare but important pathologic changes may be encountered. This review aims to provide an inclusive practical resource and reference for both training and practising pathologists. It discusses the spectrum of pathologic findings, including both neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions and provides illustrative images.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Dental development in children with supernumerary teeth in the anterior region of maxilla

Mallineni SK, Jayaraman J, Wong HM, King NM

Clin Oral Investig, 2019 Jul;23(7):2987-2994.

PMID: 30374829 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2709-2

OBJECTIVE: Development of human dentition has been used as a predictor for evaluating the growth and maturity of an individual. It is fairly identical in a specific population, but the effect of development on subjects with dental anomalies had not been fully explored, particularly on subjects with supernumerary teeth (ST). This study hence aims to evaluate the dental development of children with and without ST.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample size calculation was conducted and 320 radiographs of subjects with and without supernumerary teeth (ST) were obtained from the archives of a teaching hospital. The subjects in both groups were age and sex matched. All the subjects belong to southern Chinese ethnicity aged 2 to 14 years. The left-side dentition was scored, and dental age (DA) was estimated by obtaining scores from the southern Chinese dental reference dataset. Paired t test was used to calculate the difference between chronological age and dental age (CA-DA) for boys and girls with and without ST and further based on the number and position of ST.

RESULTS: The difference between chronological age and dental age (CA-DA) was 0.10 years for boys and 0.19 years for girls with ST whilst 0.01 and 0.05 years for boys and girls without ST (p > 0.05). The boys with bilateral ST showed significant delay in dental development of 0.23 years (p

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Effectiveness of vision screening training module in improving the level of knowledge on vision screening among pre-school teachers in Klang Valley Malaysia

Omar, R., Knight, V.F., Tan, X.L., Ahmad Zahidi A.A., Mohd Saat, N.Z.

JUMMEC, 2019;22(1):58-65.

MyJurnal

Empowering lay screeners, such as pre-school teachers, on vision screening is a cost-effective way to
ensure larger populations of children can be screened. Although the validity of lay screeners in conducting
vision screening were reported in several studies, none showed data concerning improvement of the level
of knowledge among lay screeners after completing vision screening training, which could indicate the
effectiveness of the training program. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of pre-school
teachers before and after attending a training program. Sixty pre-school teachers from Tabika and Taska KEMAS
were randomly selected. The Study Group (n = 30) was given theory and practical training on vision screening,
whereas the Control Group (n = 30) was only given brief verbal instructions on how to conduct the screening. A
theory test containing 15 questions related to the training modules were administered to both groups, before
and after their training/briefing respectively. The findings showed that the level of knowledge among preschool
teachers in the Study Group (73.24 ± 11.73%) was significantly higher than the Control Group (56.22
± 13.11%) (p < 0.01). There was also a significant improvement in the level of knowledge among pre-school
teachers in the Study Group after the training (p

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

The effect of a small triangular skin flap on vermillion height after cleft lip repair: a photogrammetry study

Wong LS, Lu TC, Chen PK

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2019 Oct;48(10):1313-1316.

PMID: 30898431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.02.021

During primary cleft lip repair, a small triangular flap of about 2mm is sometimes required to achieve better symmetry of Cupid's bow. The aim of this study was to evaluate the symmetry of Cupid's bow, with and without the use of a small triangular skin flap (STSF). Forty-five children who underwent the repair of unilateral cleft lip between January 1999 and December 2000 were recruited. Twenty children had a STSF included in the repair (STSF group) an d 25 children underwent the same repair without the STSF (NSTSF group). Vermillion height was measured on the cleft and non-cleft sides using reference points. The t-test was used to compare the vermillion height ratio between the two groups. The mean age at surgery was 4±1.3months in the STSF group and 4.3±0.6years in the NSTSF group. There was no significant difference in vermillion height ratio at 5 years of age between the patients in the two groups. Thus, there is no difference in vermillion height ratio with or without a STSF in cleft lip repair. The use of a small triangular skin flap needs to be assessed carefully, as it will create an unsightly scar over the philtrum area.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Mainstream Preschool Teachers' Skills at Identifying and Referring Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Mohammed Taresh S, Aniza Ahmad N, Roslan S, Ma'rof AM, Mohammed Zaid S

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 06 16;17(12).

PMID: 32560042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124284

Background: Early intervention will help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to attain early learning reinforcement. This study focuses on exploring the ability of preschool teachers to identify children with ASD and their referral decision-making process. Method: This is a mixed-method study (qualitative and quantitative methods) involving 20 respondents. The qualitative study is based on an open question case study, while the quantitative study consists of questionnaire with demographic variables to identify the effect of the demographic variables on the preschool teachers' ability to identify children with ASD. Sample: The sample was selected via convenience sampling among mainstream preschool teachers. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and thematic analysis. Results: The findings show that preschool teachers did not have skills at identifying children with ASD, and the majority of them labelled children with ASD as spoilt or hyperactive children. They also viewed children with ASD as having other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or communication disorders such as introversion. Moreover, preschool teachers expressed that the reason for the child's behaviour could be due to the parents' inability to properly educate their child. Additionally, the demographic variables of the preschool teachers, such as age, education level and teaching experience, were found not to affect their ASD identification skills. Conclusion: Preschool teachers need to improve their skills in identifying ASD among children via training.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Rural child malnutrition and unsuccessful outcome of food basket programme: does ethnicity matter?

Mas-Harithulfadhli-Agus AR, Hamid NA, Rohana AJ

Ethn Health, 2021 02;26(2):264-279.

PMID: 30041543 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1494820

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among five-year-olds and factors associated with unsuccessful outcome of a Food Basket Programme (FBP) in a rural district of Kelantan, Malaysia.Design: Administrative health records from selected health clinics were reviewed. Study sample includes indigenous population or Orang Asli of Malaysia. Unsuccessful outcome was defined according to failure to complete the programme according to growth gain and on-time. Multiple logistics regression was used to assess the associated factors of unsuccessful outcome of FBP.Results: This study showed that the prevalence rates of malnutrition among children below five years old were 34.2% underweight, 16.4% thinness, 32.5% stunting and 3.0% overweight, with Orang Asli children faring the worse. Orang Asli children were also five times more likely to be unsuccessful in the FBP (p

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Healthcare Professionals' Views for the Content of the Teddy Bear Hospital for a Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Module

Rashid AA, Cheong AT, Shamsuddin NH, Roslan D, Hisham Shunmugam R

J Child Sex Abus, 2021 02 23;30(4):442-460.

PMID: 33620024 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2021.1890294

Worldwide studies have reported a drastic increase in child sexual abuse (CSA) involving very young children. In Malaysia, several attempts have been made to combat this problem via educational programs. Teachers have reported a lack of confidence in teaching this topic; hence a less threatening approach is needed. The Teddy Bear Hospital (TBH) is an innovation whereby the children bring their teddies while visiting the volunteers assuming healthcare practitioners' role. This execution is effective in reducing the children's anxieties about hospitalization and increasing their health knowledge. Therefore, our objective is to explore healthcare practitioners' (HCP) views for the content of TBH and its approach as a personal safety module toward preventing CSA. Eighteen in-depth-interviews were conducted. Interviews were thematically analyzed. Participants suggest the TBH method as a good approach to teaching prevention of CSA among preschoolers. Four main themes emerged from this study: (1) educating children about personal safety, (2) moral values and faith as a medium to prevent child sexual abuse, (3) addressing social media use in children, and (4) general approach to content delivery. The involvement of parents is crucial. Addressing moral values and faith and usage of social media platforms are also essential factors to look into.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Etiology, outcome and prognostic indicators of acute liver failure in Asian children

Ng RT, Chew KS, Choong CL, Song ZL, Teh JKL, Koay ZL, et al.

Hepatol Int, 2022 Dec;16(6):1390-1397.

PMID: 36131224 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10417-5

OBJECTIVE: Outcome of pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) in countries with limited availability of LT is not well described. We evaluated the outcome and prognostic indicators of PALF in Malaysia where emergency LT for ALF is limited.

METHODS: In this retrospective review on children 452 μmol/L and peak GGT

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext The effects of touch-screen technology usage on hand skills among preschool children: a case-control study

Daud AZC, Aman NA, Chien CW, Judd J

F1000Res, 2020;9:1306.

PMID: 34950457 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25753.1

Background: Little is known on how time spent on touch-screen technology affects the hand skills development of preschool children. This study aimed to investigate the effects of touch-screen technology usage on hand skills among preschool children. Methods: Case-control design was employed to compare the hand skills of children who were engaged in touch-screen technology. A total of 128 participants aged between five and six years old who attended preschool were recruited and divided into two groups: high usage touch-screen technology (HUTSTG) and, low usage touch-screen technology (LUTSTG). Children's Hand Skills ability Questionnaire (CHSQ) and Assessment of Children's Hand Skills (ACHS) were used to evaluate the children's hand skills. Results: There were significant differences in the hand skills of preschool children between HUTSTG and LUTSTG. Results showed that preschool children in LUTSTG had better hand skills in all domains of CHSQ (p≤0.001) and ACHS (p<0.001) as compared to HUTSTG. Conclusion: Frequent use of touch-screen technology might cause disadvantages to the development of hand skills among preschool children.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

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