Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 937 in total

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  1. Marcus AJ, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Vassiliev P, Spasov A, Zhukovskaya O, et al.
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2019 May 05;850:75-87.
    PMID: 30716317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.059
    Ocular hypertension is believed to be involved in the etiology of primary open-angle glaucoma. Although many pharmaceutical agents have been shown to be effective for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), a significant opportunity to improve glaucoma treatments remains. Thus, the aims of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the IOP-lowering effect of four compounds RU-551, RU-555, RU-839 (pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole), and RU-615 (imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole) on steroid-induced ocular hypertension in rats after single drop and chronic applications; and (2) to test in silico and in vitro conventional rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitory activity of the selected compound. This study demonstrated that RU-551, RU-555, RU-839, and RU-615 significantly reduced IOP in Sprague Dawley rats with dexamethasone (DEXA) induced ocular hypertension after single drop administration (0.1%), however RU-615 showed the best IOP lowering effect as indicated by maximum IOP reduction of 22.32% from baseline. Repeated dose topical application of RU-615 caused sustained reduction of IOP from baseline throughout the 3 weeks of treatment with maximum IOP reduction of 30.31% on day 15. This study also showed that the steroid-induced increase in IOP is associated with increased retinal oxidative stress and significant retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss. Prolonged treatment with RU-615 over 3 weeks results in normalization of IOP in DEXA-treated rats with partial restoration of retinal antioxidant status (catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and subsequent protective effect against RGC loss. Thus, IOP lowering activity of RU-615 together with antioxidant properties might be the factors that contribute to prevention of further RGC loss. In vitro part of this study explored the ROCK inhibitory activity of RU-615 using dexamethasone-treated human trabecular meshwork cells as a possible mechanism of action of its IOP lowering activity. However, this study didn't show conventional ROCK inhibition by RU-615 which was later confirmed by in silico consensus prediction. Therefore, in the future studies it is important to identify the upstream target receptors for RU-615 and then delineate the involved intracellular signalling pathways which are likely to be other than ROCK inhibition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ocular Hypertension
  2. Pitisuttithum P, Chan WK, Piyachaturawat P, Imajo K, Nakajima A, Seki Y, et al.
    BMC Gastroenterol, 2020 Apr 06;20(1):88.
    PMID: 32252638 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01240-z
    BACKGROUND: The Gut and Obesity in Asia (GOASIA) Workgroup was formed to study obesity and gastrointestinal diseases in the Asia Pacific region. We aimed to 1) compare the characteristics of elderly (i.e. age ≥ 60) vs. non-elderly patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); 2) identify predictors of advanced fibrosis in elderly patients with NAFLD; and 3) assess the performance of non-invasive fibrosis scores in the prediction of advance fibrosis in the elderly population.

    METHODS: We abstracted the data of 1008 patients with NAFLD from nine centers across eight countries. Characteristics of elderly and non-elderly patients with NAFLD were compared using 1:3 sex-matched analysis.

    RESULTS: Of the 1008 patients, 175 were elderly [age 64 (62-67) years], who were matched with 525 non-elderly patients [46 (36-54) years]. Elderly patients were more likely to have advanced fibrosis (35.4% vs. 13.3%; p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  3. Tan KC, Chang CT, Cheah WK, Vinayak CR, Chan HK
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Jun;74(3):215-218.
    PMID: 31256176
    INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to determine the influence of bariatric surgery on changes in the body mass index (BMI), and the control of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia among obese patients in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study undertaken at a public tertiary care centre in the state of Perak, Malaysia. Information of obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery was obtained from their medical records. The changes in the BMI, HbA1C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and lipid levels between three months before and after the surgery were assessed.

    RESULTS: The patients (n=106) were mostly Malay (66.0%), had at least one comorbidity (61.3%), and had a mean age of 40.38±11.75 years. Following surgery, the BMI of the patients was found to reduce by 9.78±5.82kg/m2. For the patients who had diabetes (n=24) and hypertension (n=47), their mean HbA1C, SBP and DBP were also shown to reduce significantly by 2.02±2.13%, 17.19±16.97mmHg, and 11.45±12.63mmHg, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels of those who had dyslipidaemia (n=21) were, respectively, lowered by 0.91±1.18mmol/L, 0.69±1.11mmol/L and 0.47±0.52mmol/L.

    CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that in addition to weight reduction, bariatric surgery is helpful in improving the diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia control among obese patients. However, a large-scale trial with a control group is required to verify our findings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  4. Herny Erdawati Mohd Rashed, S Maria Awaluddin, Noor Ani Ahmad, Nurul Huda Md Supar, Zubidah Md Lani, Fauziah Aziz, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1537-1542.
    Various factors may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes; either maternal or foetal outcomes. This study aimed was
    to determine the association between advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This is a cross sectional
    study. Data were collected from the birth records from January 1st 2012 until December 31st 2012 in Muar District.
    Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were done and the results were presented as adjusted odds ratio
    (aOR) with p-value <0.05. The proportion of birth in Muar district, Johor was 14.8% among mothers aged 35 years
    and older and 85.2% among mothers aged 20 to 34 years. Advanced maternal age was associated with pregnancyinduced
    hypertension (aOR: 5.00; 95%CI: 1.95-12.65), gestational diabetes mellitus (aOR: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.35-4.00)
    and Caesarean section (aOR: 2.21; 95%CI: 1.53-3.19). Anaemia was negatively associated with advanced maternal
    age (aOR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.32-0.78). No significant association was found between advanced maternal age and adverse
    foetal outcomes. In view of the findings, special attention should be paid to the antenatal mothers aged 35 years and
    older, even to those without any pre-existing medical problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  5. Balarama T, Ramalingam V, Kantharuban PR, Chandran J, Surendran PJ
    Noncommunicable diseases are the number one killer globally and it could develop due to various risk factors. This cross-sectional study was aimed to identify these risk factors by assessing body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and blood pressure and to find out the correlation between these risk factors, and cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity level. The study samples were 103 students from two universities in Negeri Sembilan state selected by the convenience sampling method. After ethical clearance, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form in English was used to assess the physical activity level. The cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the Rockport one mile walk test and the other parameters were assessed following the standard protocols. The percentage of overweight (32.04%) and pre-hypertension (25.24%) were higher among students. 35.92% of students reported a low physical activity level and 46.6% having a lower fitness level (fair and poor). The physical activity level correlated with the cardiorespiratory fitness level (P<0.01). The body mass index (P<0.01) and systolic blood pressure (male P 0.05, female P<0.01) negatively correlated with the cardiorespiratory fitness level. Therefore, measures have to be taken to improve the physical activity level and cardiorespiratory fitness to lower the risk of overweight and high blood pressure among university students.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension; Prehypertension
  6. Satirah Zainalabidin, Siti Nor Farhanah Sh Nor Shabidin, Siti Balkis Budin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:207-214.
    Nicotine has been identified as one of the causal factor for oxidative stress, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Roselle has been widely studied for its potential as an antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive. However, no studies have been done to investigate if roselle could diminish the oxidative stress caused by nicotine which could further lead to cardiac damages. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of roselle extract (HSE) on blood pressure, serum lipid profile, oxidative stress marker levels and histological changes to the heart in nicotine-treated rats. A total of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=7 per group): Control group received normal saline (0.5 mL/day, i.p); nicotine group received 0.6 mg/kg/BW nicotine (i.p); and treated group received 100 mg/kg/b.w HSE through oral force feeding followed with 0.6 mg/kg/b.w nicotine (i.p) for 21 consecutive days. The results showed that HSE significantly (p>0.05) reduced the heart rate but no effect to the blood pressure. For lipid profile study, HSE increased the high-density lipoprotein concentration significantly (p<0.05) in rats given with nicotine, without any significant changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. Besides, HSE treatment was also found to reverse malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dimustase (SOD) enzyme activity and protein concentration significantly (p<0.05) in nicotine-treated rats. In summary, these results indicated that HSE is an effective antioxidant against oxidative damage in heart caused by nicotine, but not as antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive agent in this rat model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  7. Mat Hasan N, Daud N, Shaaban J
    MyJurnal
    Lifestyles such as unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity and smoking are considered fundamental risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Preventive activities have been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular lifestyle risks and cardiovascular preventive activities among healthy government servants in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was done from June to September 2013 among 121 government servants working at the Federal Complex, Kuala Terengganu. A questionnaire which consists of socio-demographic data, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the dietary component of WHO STEPS and cardiovascular screening activities were used as tools. Clustering of cardiovascular lifestyle risks was defined as the presence of two or more of smoking, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. Optimal cardiovascular screening is defined as having done the required screening for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipideamia and obesity. The study response rate was 90.9% (110 of 121). Prevalence of smoking, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet were 20%, 50% and 87% respectively. The prevalence of clustering of cardiovascular lifestyle risks was 57%. The prevalence of optimal cardiovascular screening for age was 49%. The prevalence of cardiovascular lifestyle risks among government servants in Kuala Terengganu is still high. About half of them did not have the optimal screening for cardiovascular disease. Measures need to be done to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in the community. Effort should be made at the primary care level and public health to screen those with multiple cardiovascular lifestyle risks in order to optimize cardiovascular disease prevention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  8. Eashwary M, Hussein H
    APLAR Journal of Rheumatology, 2006;9 Suppl 1:A89.
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8077.2006.00199_15.x
    Introduction: Gout is a clinical syndrome resulting from the deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals. Recent studies have shown gout to be a significant metabolic disorder. However, there has been insufficient information on the clinical spectrum in the Malaysian population.
    Objective: This study is conducted to review the clinical characteristics of patients with gout.
    Study methods: In this cross-sectional study 52 patients with gout were recruited. The records of 13 patients from National University of Malaysia Hospital and 39 patients from Putrajaya Hospital, attending the rheumatology clinic between October and December 2005 were reviewed. Results: Gout was found predominantly among ethnic Malays 83%, and Chinese 17% in these centers. The male to female ratio was 12 :1. The peak age of onset of the disease was less than 40 years in 46% of the subjects. Primary gout in females was seen after menopause. 37% cases had a definitive hereditary incidence. At the first presentation 83% had acute monoarthritis and 17% acute polyarticular arthritis. Podagra was seen in 62%. Peripheral joints involvement was seen in 81% patients. Tophaceous gout was seen in 42%. In 85% cases the disease had a chronic polyarticular course, whereas in 15% the disease remained only at a single joint. In 10% cases, there was associated sero-negative arthritis. Associated disorders included hypertension (65%), diabetes mellitus (33%), dyslipidemia (56%), ischemic heart disease (23%), urate nephropathy (39%), uric acid nephrolithiasis (2%). In 88% of cases, there was associated hyperuricaemia. Most of the patients were overweight with body mass index 25-29 (39%) and obese with body mass index 30-70 (36%). Conclusions: Gout is not an unusual disorder in our centre. The age of onset of gout occurred much earlier with forty-six per cent of patients having their first attack of gout before the age of 40. Primary gout in females was seen after menopause. Majority of patients first presented with acute monoarthritis, of which sixty-two per cent presented with podagra. The incidence of tophi was high. Patients with gout should be screened for other associated disorders like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  9. Teh CL, Cheong YK, Wan SA, Ling GR
    Reumatismo, 2019 Oct 24;71(3):154-159.
    PMID: 31649384 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2019.1225
    Treat-to-target (T2T) for gout has been established recently to improve its management, which has been reported to be sub-optimal with significant gaps between the goals of treatment and day-to-day clinical practice. T2T recommended a goal of serum urate (SUA) target of <360 μmoI/L in all patients with gout and <300 μmoI/L in patients with tophaceous or severe gout. T2T strategy was applied in the management of gout patients in two Rheumatology clinics from 1 January 2016 onwards. We performed a clinical audit to assess T2T of SUA in gout patients and to identify causes for failure to achieve target SUA among them. There were a total of 304 patients for our analysis. They were of multi-ethnic origin with male predominance (88.8%). They had a mean age of 57.7+13.7 years and mean disease duration of 10.1+8.7 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (76.2%), dyslipidemia (52.5%) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (27.4%). Our patients' body mass indexes showed that 47.7% were obese while 34.2% were overweight. Up to 62.4% of our patients had tophi and 42.6% had joint deformities. Only 34.9% of patients achieved target SUA. Nonadherence (52.3%) was the main reason identified for failure to achieve target SUA. The independent predictors for failure to achieve target SUA were nonadherence (HR=7.84, p=0.000) and presence of tophi (HR=1.95, p=0.001).
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  10. Huang Y, Ting PY, Yao TM, Homma T, Brooks D, Katayama Rangel IA, et al.
    J Endocrinol, 2018 Nov 01.
    PMID: 30400034 DOI: 10.1530/JOE-18-0247
    Human risk allele carriers of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) and LSD1 deficient mice have salt sensitive hypertension for unclear reasons. We hypothesized that LSD1 deficiency causes dysregulation of aldosterone's response to salt intake resulting in increased cardiovascular risk factors [blood pressure and microalbumin]. Furthermore, we determined the effect of biological sex on these potential abnormalities. To test our hypotheses, LSD1 male and female heterozygote knockout (LSD1+/-) and wild type (WT) mice were assigned to two age groups: 18 weeks and 36 weeks. Plasma aldosterone levels and aldosterone production from zona glomerulosa cells studied ex vivo were greater in both male and female LSD1+/- mice consuming a liberal salt diet as compared to WT mice consuming the same diet. However, salt sensitive blood pressure elevation and increased microalbuminuria were only observed in male LSD1+/- mice. These data suggest that LSD1 interacts with aldosterone's secretory response to salt intake. Lack of LSD1 causes inappropriate aldosterone production on a liberal salt diet; males appear to be more sensitive to this aldosterone increase as males, but not females, develop salt sensitivity of blood pressure and increased microalbuminuria. The mechanism responsible for the cardiovascular protective effect in females is uncertain but may be related to estrogen modulating the effect of mineralocorticoid receptor activation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  11. Leow SN, Tang WS, Pararajasingam RP, Ee WS
    Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(3):35-42.
    PMID: 33329861
    Introduction: Pre-pregnancy care (PPC) is an important part of diabetic care among females in the reproductive age group, as it improves feto-maternal outcomes.

    Objective: We aimed to assess female diabetic patients' perception of PPC and family planning prior to PPC care.

    Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional survey performed from June 2019 to September 2019, using universal sampling of registered female diabetic patients who fit the inclusion criteria prior to integrated PPC care. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess patients' perception of PPC.

    Results: A total of 67 patients were recruited for the study. Only 39.4% (n=26) of the patients had heard of PPC. In our study, Code 1 contraception included those methods with a Pearl index of ≤9. Code 2 & 3 contraception included those methods with a Pearl index of >9. Only one-third of patients, 29.9% (n=20), were using Code 1 contraception, although the majority, 79.1% (n=53), felt that they had completed their family. 45 patients (68.2%) felt that they were at risk of developing complications if they were to become pregnant, and 46 patients (69.7%) felt that their health condition was not suitable for another pregnancy. However, only 31.1% (n=14) and 34.8% (n=16) of these patients were using Code 1 contraception, respectively. There were 30 patients (65.2%) who perceived that their health was not suitable for another pregnancy but were only using Code 2 or 3 contraception.

    Conclusion: The patients' perception of PPC was poor. Patients had an inadequate knowledge of the effectiveness of their current contraceptive practice in relation to their intentions for further pregnancy and their self-perceived risk in case of future conception. We suggest that integration of PPC into routine follow-ups for other high-risk medical diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease, and epilepsy, be considered in future practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  12. Hasimah Ismail, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Tahir Aris, Rashidah Ambak, Mohammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Lim, Kuang Kuay, et al.
    Int J Public Health Res, 2016;6(1):677-684.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide
    and many of these affected individuals remain unidentified. Undiagnosed
    T2DM may impose substantial public health implications because these
    individuals remain untreated and at risk for complications. The objective of
    this study was to determine the national prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM
    and to identify the associated risk factors.

    Methods A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted involving 17,783
    respondents. Two-stage stratified sampling design was used to select a
    representative sample of the Malaysian adult population. Structured
    validated questionnaires with face to face interviews were used to obtain
    data. Respondents, who claimed that they were not having diabetes, were
    then asked to perform a fasting blood glucose finger-prick test by Accutrend
    GC machine.

    Results The prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM was 8.9% (n=1587). The highest
    percentage of undiagnosed T2DM was found among males (10.2%), 55-59
    years old (13.4%), highest education attainers of primary school (11.1%),
    Indians (10.3%), married (10.3%), working (8.9%) and living in the urban
    areas (9.2%). Multivariate analyses showed that factors associated with
    undiagnosed T2DM were gender, age group, ethnicity, marital status, obesity
    and hypertension.

    Conclusion This study found an increasing trend of undiagnosed T2DM in Malaysia
    compared to 2006. This finding is alarming as risk factors associated with
    undiagnosed diabetes were related to most of the socio-demographic factors
    studied. Therefore, early diabetic screening is crucial especially among adults
    aged 30 and above to prevent more serious complications of this disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  13. Ch'ng YS, Loh YC, Tan CS, Ahmad M, Asmawi MZ, Wan Omar WM, et al.
    J Med Food, 2018 Mar;21(3):289-301.
    PMID: 29420109 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4008
    The seeds of Swietenia macrophylla King (SM) (Meliaceae) are used as a folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension in Malaysia. However, the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of SM seeds are still not widely studied. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the in vivo antihypertensive effects and in vitro mechanism of vasorelaxation of a 50% ethanolic SM seed extract (SM50) and the fingerprint of SM50 was developed through tri-step Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The vasorelaxant activity and the underlying mechanisms of SM50 were evaluated on thoracic aortic rings isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats in the presence of antagonists. The pharmacological effect of SM50 was investigated by oral administration of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with three different doses of SM50 (1000, 500, and 250 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks and their systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values were measured weekly using tail-cuff method. The tri-step FTIR macro-fingerprint of SM50 showed that SM50 contains stachyose, flavonoids, limonoids, and ester, which may contribute to its vasorelaxant effect. The results showed that the vasorelaxant activity of SM50 was mostly attributed to channel-linked receptors pathways through the blockage of voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCC). SM50 also acts as both potassium channels opener and inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor, followed by β2-adrenergic pathway, and ultimately mediated through the nitric oxide/soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (NO/sGC/cGMP) signaling pathways. The treatment of SM50 also significantly decreased the SBP and DBP in SHRs. In conclusion, the antihypertensive mechanism of SM50 was mediated by VOCC, K+ channels, IP3R, G-protein-coupled β2-adrenergic receptor, and followed by NO/sGC/cGMP signaling mechanism pathways in descending order. The data suggested that SM50 has the potential to be used as a herbal medicament to treat hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/drug therapy*; Hypertension/metabolism; Hypertension/physiopathology
  14. Siti HN, Kamisah Y, Nur Iliyani MI, Mohamed S, Jaarin K
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2017 Mar;87:451-460.
    PMID: 28068636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.075
    Prolonged consumption of repeatedly heated vegetable oil increases blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the effects of Citrus leaf extract, (CLE) on blood pressure, blood pressure-regulating enzymes and mediators, as well as aortic histomorphometry in heated palm oil induced-hypertension. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=56) were divided into seven groups; control group was given normal diet and the other groups were fed with palm oil-enriched diet (15% w/w) either fresh (FPO), five-time-heated (5HPO) or ten-time-heated (10HPO) with or without CLE (0.15%, w/w) supplementation. CLE supplementation reduced the heated oil-raising effect of blood pressure, plasma TBARS, thromboxane and angiotensin-1 converting enzyme in 5HPO but not in 10HPO group. CLE increased serum heme oxygenase-1 in both 5HPO and 10HPO groups. CLE supplementation reduced the increase in aortic intima-media thickness, intima-media area and circumferential wall tension in 5HPO group but not in 10HPO group. These findings suggested that CLE supplementation reduces the blood pressure-raising effects of 5HPO and vascular damage, possibly through its antioxidant effect by modulating vasoactive mediators and blood pressure-regulating enzymes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  15. Rezali MS, Ab Wahab NA, Sahril N, Ramli MHT, Shahein NA, Chan YY, et al.
    J Ophthalmol, 2021;2021:7564827.
    PMID: 34007483 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7564827
    Introduction: Disability has adverse effects on health, wellbeing, and life quality. Vision disorder is one of the top-ranked causes of disability in the elderly population. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with vision disability among the elderly in Malaysia. Methodology. Data collection from National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018 was obtained. This survey focused on elderly health by using two-stage stratified cluster sampling design. The Washington Group Extended Question Set on Functioning (WG ES-F) was used to determine the vision disability. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 utilizing a complex sample design with multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the prevalence and associated factors to vision disability.

    Results: A total of 3,977 elderly completed the vision disability questionnaire. The overall prevalence of vision disability among those who were 60 years old and above was 4.5%. Multiple logistic regression revealed that no formal education (AOR: 6.69, 95% CI: 1.52, 29.49), only primary education (AOR: 4.26, 95% CI: 1.01, 18.03), unemployed/retiree or homemaker (AOR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.79, 5.89), hypertension (AOR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.09), and malnourished elderly (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.76, 461) had higher odds for having vision disability.

    Conclusion: The findings suggest that a low education level, unemployment, hypertension, and malnourishment are significant risk factors for VD among Malaysia's elderly. Strengthening awareness campaigns to increase VD awareness and provide high-quality rehabilitation services must target specific groups, such as the elderly with a low level of education and the unemployed. Empower primary healthcare providers with the knowledge and skills necessary to improve the quality of eye care delivery and expand eye screening in settling VD issues nationally.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  16. Hussain S, Men KK, Majid NA
    J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2017;32(2):132-138.
    PMID: 33442096 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.032.02.06
    Objectives: We aim to compare the clinical and biochemical profile of metabolic syndrome between obese children below and above 10 years attending Paediatric clinic Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) from 2006 to 2015. This is to determine if age, particularly the transition to puberty, modifies the prevalence of components of metabolic syndrome in obese children.

    Methodology: The medical records of 84 obese children under 18 years of age seen at Paediatric clinic HUSM from 2006 to 2015 were reviewed. Demographic (age, gender, ethnicity), anthropometric (weight and height), clinical [body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and biochemical [serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG)] parameters were recorded, analyzed and compared.

    Results: Majority of subjects in both age groups were boys, with 68.2% <10 years old. Mean age was 9.69 years (±3.36). The clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome were similar between those <10 years old and >10 years, with the exception of BMI, waist circumference, SBP and TG level. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the parameters of metabolic syndrome significantly associated with age ≥10 years were systolic hypertension (adjusted OR 7.17, 95% CI, 1.48 to 34.8) and BMI >30 kg/m2 (adjusted OR 3.02, 95% CI, 1.16 to 7.86).

    Conclusion: There were similar clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome in both age groups. The proportions of children with metabolic syndrome were similar regardless of age group. The overall prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 27.3%. In view of the alarming presence of components of metabolic syndrome even in children less than 10 years of age, efforts aimed at the prevention of childhood obesity in the community should be intensified.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  17. Tan LT, Lee LH, Yin WF, Chan CK, Abdul Kadir H, Chan KG, et al.
    PMID: 26294929 DOI: 10.1155/2015/896314
    Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Thomson) is one of the plants that are exploited at a large scale for its essential oil which is an important raw material for the fragrance industry. The essential oils extracted via steam distillation from the plant have been used mainly in cosmetic industry but also in food industry. Traditionally, C. odorata is used to treat malaria, stomach ailments, asthma, gout, and rheumatism. The essential oils or ylang-ylang oil is used in aromatherapy and is believed to be effective in treating depression, high blood pressure, and anxiety. Many phytochemical studies have identified the constituents present in the essential oils of C. odorata. A wide range of chemical compounds including monoterpene, sesquiterpenes, and phenylpropanoids have been isolated from this plant. Recent studies have shown a wide variety of bioactivities exhibited by the essential oils and the extracts of C. odorata including antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, antivector, insect-repellent, antidiabetic, antifertility and antimelanogenesis activities. Thus, the present review summarizes the information concerning the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of C. odorata. This review is aimed at demonstrating that C. odorata not only is an important raw material for perfume industry but also considered as a prospective useful plant to agriculture and medicine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  18. Thevi T, Godinho MA
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2017;10(9):1452-1459.
    PMID: 28944207 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.09.19
    AIM: To explore the associations between various characteristics of Malaysian cataract patients and their management, and their post-operative visual outcomes, to inform relevant bodies to reduce cataract-related blindness.

    METHODS: We conducted a descriptive secondary data analysis of cataract surgery patients in Melaka Hospital, from 2007 to 2014 using the National Eye Database (NED). Patient-related factors (demographic features, systemic and ocular comorbidities) and management-related factors (surgical duration, type of surgery, type of lens) were analysed for their association with visual outcome (acuity).

    RESULTS: Most patients were Malays (48.23%) and Chinese (38.55%) aged 60-79y (range 0-100y). Hypertension (58.61%) and diabetes (44.89%) were major systemic comorbidities. Glaucoma (6.71%) and diabetic retinopathy (10.12%) were the main ocular comorbidities. Other comorbidities were age-related macular degeneration, pterygium, corneal opacities, macula diseases, vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment and pseudoexfoliation (0.70%-1.60%). Preoperatively 7150 (55.03%) eyes presented with poor vision. Uncomplicated phacoemulsification performed quickly with foldable lenses gave good results.

    CONCLUSION: Primary care physicians should initiate early detection to prevent late presentation of cataracts causing poor vision and should discuss the risks and benefits of cataract surgery while emphasizing the role of pre-existing comorbidities which may affect the visual outcomes. For good results, phacoemulsification should be done within 30min, without complications, using foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  19. Hashim Fauzy F, Mohd Zainudin M, Ismawi HR, Elshami TFT
    PMID: 31485247 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7198592
    Piper sarmentosum is a tropical plant in Southeast Asia known for its traditional use in curing various ailments including hypertension. Previous research works have provided evidence for the herb's antihypertensive property. However, the exact mechanisms involved are still in question. The present study investigated the effects of Piper sarmentosum leaves aqueous extract (PSAE) treatment on vascular endothelin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Four groups of SHRs were treated for 28 consecutive days, with negative and positive control groups receiving distilled water and 3 mg/kg perindopril, respectively. Another two groups are the treatment groups, which received PSAE and combination of 1.5 mg/kg perindopril and PSAE. Weekly measurements of blood pressure showed that PSAE significantly reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures (P < 0.05) of the rats. PSAE also increased mesenteric artery nitric oxide (NO) level (P < 0.05) and reduced endothelin-1 (ET-1) level (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of PSAE reduced blood pressure in SHRs by reducing the ET-1 level while increasing NO production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
  20. Mohd Sahardi NFN, Makpol S
    PMID: 31531114 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5054395
    Currently, the age of the population is increasing as a result of increased life expectancy. Ageing is defined as the progressive loss of physiological integrity, which can be characterized by functional impairment and high vulnerability to various types of diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have reported that the presence of oxidative stress and inflammation contributes to the development of these diseases. In general, oxidative stress could induce proinflammatory cytokines and reduce cellular antioxidant capacity. Increased oxidative stress levels beyond the production of antioxidant agents cause oxidative damage to biological molecules, including DNA, protein, and carbohydrates, which affects normal cell signalling, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and leads to disease pathogenesis. Since oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to these diseases, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is one of the potential herbs that can be used to reduce the level of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ginger consists of two major active components, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, which are essential for preventing oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, this paper will review the effects of ginger on ageing and degenerative diseases, including AD, PD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and osteoarthritis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension
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